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WO2008060675A2 - Nanofibres composites coaxiales de polycarbonate/polyuréthane - Google Patents

Nanofibres composites coaxiales de polycarbonate/polyuréthane Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2008060675A2
WO2008060675A2 PCT/US2007/068007 US2007068007W WO2008060675A2 WO 2008060675 A2 WO2008060675 A2 WO 2008060675A2 US 2007068007 W US2007068007 W US 2007068007W WO 2008060675 A2 WO2008060675 A2 WO 2008060675A2
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
polycarbonate
polyurethane
membrane
solution
coaxial
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US2007/068007
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English (en)
Other versions
WO2008060675A3 (fr
Inventor
Xiao-Jian Han
Zheng-Ming Huang
Peter C. Qian
Original Assignee
Invista Technologies S.A R.L.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Invista Technologies S.A R.L. filed Critical Invista Technologies S.A R.L.
Publication of WO2008060675A2 publication Critical patent/WO2008060675A2/fr
Publication of WO2008060675A3 publication Critical patent/WO2008060675A3/fr

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Classifications

    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
    • D01F8/00—Conjugated, i.e. bi- or multicomponent, artificial filaments or the like; Manufacture thereof
    • D01F8/04—Conjugated, i.e. bi- or multicomponent, artificial filaments or the like; Manufacture thereof from synthetic polymers
    • D01F8/16—Conjugated, i.e. bi- or multicomponent, artificial filaments or the like; Manufacture thereof from synthetic polymers with at least one other macromolecular compound obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds as constituent
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
    • B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
    • B82Y30/00—Nanotechnology for materials or surface science, e.g. nanocomposites
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
    • D01D5/00—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like
    • D01D5/0007—Electro-spinning
    • D01D5/0061—Electro-spinning characterised by the electro-spinning apparatus
    • D01D5/0069—Electro-spinning characterised by the electro-spinning apparatus characterised by the spinning section, e.g. capillary tube, protrusion or pin
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
    • D01D5/00—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like
    • D01D5/28—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like while mixing different spinning solutions or melts during the spinning operation; Spinnerette packs therefor
    • D01D5/30—Conjugate filaments; Spinnerette packs therefor
    • D01D5/34—Core-skin structure; Spinnerette packs therefor
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
    • D01F1/00—General methods for the manufacture of artificial filaments or the like
    • D01F1/02—Addition of substances to the spinning solution or to the melt
    • D01F1/10—Other agents for modifying properties
    • D01F1/103—Agents inhibiting growth of microorganisms

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to coaxially electrospinning solutions comprising polycarbonate (PC) and polyurethane (PLJ) to form PC(she!l)/PU(core) composite nanofibers for textile application,
  • PC polycarbonate
  • PLA polyurethane
  • Electrospinning is a useful way to produce continuous polymer fibers with diameters in a sub-micron range
  • the fibers may be formed by imposing an external electric field onto a polymer solution or melt
  • a suspended droplet of polymer fluid is charged to a high voltage to produce submicrometer size fibers.
  • Fibrous materials obtained by this technique have been proposed for filter media with high filtration efficiency (FE) and low air resistance or for chemical protective clothing, depending on the specific polymer being used
  • FE filtration efficiency
  • Conventional eiectrospinning apparatuses and the methods of their use have been disclosed, for example, in U.S. Patent 4,044,404 and U S. Patent 6,991 ,702.
  • nanofibers and nanostructures comprising single or blended polymer materials are generally known, Y.Z Zhang, Z M. Huang, X J Xu, C T. Um, S, Ramakrishna, Chem. Mater, 16 (3406) 2004 (referred to as "Zhang et a!.”) have created biodegradable nanofibers for use in drug release bioactive tissue scaffolds and highly sensitive biochemical sensors, As the bi ⁇ component material must be biodegradable, it may not be able to provide enough mechanical strength for textile applications. Furthermore, no surface functionalization procedure was suggested for the bi-component biodegradable material. P W Gibson, H L. Schreuder-Gibson, D, Riven, Colloids and Surfaces A Physicochem Eng.
  • the method suffers from the shortcoming that the polymers either do not mix continuously, which occurred when the side-by- side eiectrospinning jets were placed too far apart, or two separate single component fibers were formed, which occurred when the jets were too dose together.
  • Li et a! discloses that coaxia! eiectrospinning capillaries have been used to fabricate fibers with a core sheath structure.
  • Larsen et ai teaches a method of combining sol-gel techniques with electrohydrodynamic techniques, such as electrospraying, to form sub-micrometer inorganic fibers and core/shell shapes.
  • electrohydrodynamic techniques such as electrospraying
  • Filtration materials are of great interest particularly for application in areas such as chemical and biological protection.
  • Polycarbonate is one such material that is generally desirable for its high filtration efficiency, see Gibson, et al,; Larsen, et al. , Gupta, et al., Loscertales, et ai,, and Z M Huang, Y Z Zhang, M Kotaki, S Ramakrishna, Composites Science and Technology, 63 2223 (2003) (referred to as “Huang, et al.”).
  • P-W Gibson, H.L Schreuder-Gibson, D. Riven, AIChE J , 45, 190 (1999) (referred to as “P.W.Gibson, et al "), D Smith, D H. Reneker PCT/US00/27737(2001) (referred to as “Smith, et al "); and P W. Gibson, H.L
  • Polyurethane is generally desirable in textile applications, due in part to its mechanical characteristics, the most notable of which may be its elasticity
  • the background art generally fails to disclose combining poSycarbo ⁇ ate (PC) and polyurethane (PU) into a single co-axial nanofiber that retains certain advantages and characteristics of each of the components
  • PC poSycarbo ⁇ ate
  • PU polyurethane
  • This invention provides in one aspect a submicron-sized fiber comprising a polycarbonate (PC) shell and a polyurethane (PU) core, the fiber being obtained by electrospinning the materials through co-axial capillaries
  • PC polycarbonate
  • PU polyurethane
  • a nonwoven fabric incorporating such fibers or a membrane of such fibers combines the filtration efficiency of the PC with the mechanical characteristics, such as elasticity, of PU.
  • the fabric is useful in exposure suits, filters and aviation dresses/clothing
  • a coaxial electrospinning technique was developed to electrospin two different polymer solutions into core- she!! structured nanofibers in which polyurethane and polycarbonate were used as core and shell materials, respectively.
  • a non-woven nanofibrous fabric of PC(sheSI)/PU(core) can be formed with desired fabric properties, such as high strength, low weight and optimal porosity
  • a nanofibrous membrane according to the present invention may be used to enhance a substrate fabric as chemical/biological protective clothing, boot and glove liners, and flexible gas mask hoods.
  • Fig, 1 is a side elevationa! view of the coaxial eletrospinning machine used for the present invention
  • Fig 2 is a side elevational view of a fiber according to one aspect of the present invention.
  • Fig. 3 is a schematic top plan view of a portion of a membrane of poiyurethane only fibers
  • Fig 4 is a cross-sectional view of a composite fabric formed using a membrane of coaxial fibers according to one aspect of the present invention
  • Fig. 5 is a schematic top plan view of a portion of a membrane of coaxial fibers according to one aspect of the present invention
  • Fig 6 is a graph comparing the tensile strength and strain of fibers made according to the present invention.
  • the polymers To form composite fibers with a polycarbonate (PC) shell and a polyurethane (PU) core, the polymers must first be separately dissolved in solvents, such as tetrahydrofuran (THF) and/or dimethylformamide (DMF), so that the polymers can be introduced in liquid form to the electrospinning apparatus
  • solvents such as tetrahydrofuran (THF) and/or dimethylformamide (DMF)
  • An eiectrospinni ⁇ g apparatus 10 for forming the coaxial PC(she!l)/PU(core) composite nanofibers may include a DC voltage generator 16, a first syringe pump 18 for controlling the flow of materia! through tube 12 for forming the shell of the nanofiber, a second syringe pump 20 for controlling the flow of material through tube 14 for forming the core of the nanofiber, a coaxial nozzle 30 comprising a first capillary 32 in fluid communication with tube 12, a second capillary 34 in fluid communication with tube 14 and coaxially aligned with the first capillary 32, and a collector 22
  • the collector 22 may be provided with a collector surface 24 that rotates about an axle 26, and it may be electrically grounded to attract the coaxial fibers 36
  • the collector 22 may be moved back and forth (e g , translated) relative to the electrospinning apparatus, as shown by arrows 38, and may be rotated clockwise or counter-clockwise, as shown by arrow 39, as desired
  • the PC liquid (PC dissolved in solvent) enters chamber 28, so that it can be introduced in droplet form at capillary 32 using syringe pump 18 to control the flow rate
  • the PU liquid (PU dissolved in solvent) is introduced in droplet form at capillary 34 using syringe pump 20 to control its flow rate
  • Capillary 34 is coaxiaSly aligned within capillary 32 to provide the coaxial nozzle 30
  • a high voltage charge is applied using voltage generator 16, as is conventional in the art of electrostatic spinning
  • the high voltage may be in the range of 1-30 kV
  • the solutions at the coaxial nozzle 30 become highly electrified and are subjected to electrostatic forces Such force(s) cause a droplet to eject from the nozzle in the form of a jet
  • the electrified liquid jet undergoes a stretching and whipping, or winding, process, which leads to the formation of long, thin fibers 36
  • These charged fibers 36 are attracted to the collector surface 24 of collector 22 and orient randomly as shown, for example, in Fig 5
  • Fig 3 schematically shows an image from a scanning electron microscope at 5 ⁇ m magnification of a membrane of solely PU fibers at 8wt%
  • composite fibers 36 are more advantageous in this invention Through the eSectrospinning process, composite fibers 36 are formed with a polycarbonate shell 42 surrounding a polyurethane core 44
  • the composite fibers 36 may have an outer diameter in the range of approximately 10 to 2000 nanometers
  • the PU core has an outer diameter of less than about 170 nrn and the PC shell has an outer diameter of iess than about 320 nm
  • Fig. 5 schematically shows an image from a scanning electron microscope at 5 ⁇ m magnification of a membrane of composite fibers with PC(shell)/PU(core) at 20wt%/8wt%
  • the core material can provide sufficient strength
  • the shell material can be functionalized with some proper agents which can deliver desired characteristics when they are attached on a substrate fabric
  • PC(shell)-PU(core) composite nanofiber membranes according to the present invention have shown better tensile properties than a PC membrane alone
  • nanoparticles of TIO2, Au, and/or Ag can be incorporated into the PC shell material to increase bacteria- resistance
  • membrane 56 may be attached to fabric substrate 48 using an adhesive 50
  • Fabric substrate 48 may be comprised of cotton, wool, or other suitable fabric.
  • Adhesive 50 may be a thermally activated glue, such as double-faced
  • the PC(shell)/PU(core) fibers, the membrane comprised of the fibers, and the composite fabric comprising the membrane may be useful in a variety of applications including, but not limited to chemical and biological protective clothing (exposure suits), boot and glove liners, filters, aviation dresses/clothing, and flexible gas mask hoods
  • polycarbonate (PC-KP30) and polyurethane (PU - Tecoflex), were obtained from JINGJIAN Plastic Ltd (Shanghai, China)
  • the solvents, THF (purity ⁇ 90%) and DMF (purity ⁇ 99 5%), were obtained from Chemical Reagent Co Ltd (Shanghai, China)
  • the PC and PU starting materials were both dissolved in a mixture of THF and DMF (1 :1 in volume)
  • the PC solution was made in a weight ratio of 1 (polymer): 4 (solvent), i.e , 20wt%, by stirring the polymer in the solvent at 1 1O°C for 8 hours
  • the PU solutions were made at 80°C for 10 hours and were prepared in four different concentrations: 4 wt%, 6 wt%, 8 wt%, and 10 wt%
  • the prepared solutions were stored at room temperature before usage, and the eSectr ⁇ spinning process was carried out at room temperature and pressure
  • the DC voltage generator (such as 16 in Fig. 1) was obtained from Beijing
  • the first and second syringe pumps (such as 18, 20 in Fig. 1) were each a model WZ-50C2, available from Zhejiang University Medical
  • Fig, 1 was self-made, according to conventional methods.
  • PC(shell)-PU(core) composite nanofibers were electrospun at 21 KV with a tip-to-collector distance, i.e the distance from capillary tip (such as 32 in Fig, 1) to the nearest surface of collector (such as 22 in Fig. 1), of 12-13cm
  • the PC solution
  • the nanofiber according to this example had a polyurethane core with a diameter, designated by A in Fig, 2, of about 168nm
  • the outer diameter of the polycarbonate shell, designated by B in Fig 2 was approximately 316nm
  • the core fiber component showed a sharp interface with the shell fiber component, and a relatively smooth core-shell interface was demonstrated.
  • Fig 5 shows an example of an electrospun PC(shell)/PU(core) composite fiber as it exists in a membrane 56 according to the present invention
  • Fig 5 schematically represents an image from a scanning electron microscope at 5 ⁇ m magnification, wherein the PC(shell) is 20wt% and the PU(core) is 8wt%.
  • Fabric 48 with an affixed layer of glue 50 was passed along collector 22, so that the nanofibers could be electrospun directly onto the layer of glue 50 to form the composite fabric shown in Fig 4.
  • the composite fabric was then heated at 120°C for approximately 5-10 seconds
  • PC(shell)/PU(core) in a concentration ratio of 20 wt%/4 wt% and 20 wt%/6 wt% exhibited so called "beads," which are associated with the PC
  • the beads are disadvantageous because they tend to decrease mechanical performance.
  • the tensile behavior of the composite PU core and PC shell nanofibers was enhanced with the increase of the polymer concentration in the core solutions.
  • the PC(she)l)/PU(core) (20 wt%/8 wt%) membrane exhibited the highest strain to fracture characteristics and ultimate strength of the coaxial nanofiber membranes created.
  • TiO 2 , Au, or Ag may be incorporated into the PC sheli to enhance bacteria resistance by adding a certain amount of liquid butyi titanate, copper nitrate, or silver nitrate into the PC solution
  • liquid butyl titanate can be added in amounts of just above about 0 wt% to about 40 wt%
  • copper nitrate can be added in amounts of just above about 0 wt% to about 10 wt%
  • silver nitrate in an amount of just above about 0 wt% to about 10 wt% can be added to incorporate silver into the solution.
  • about 5 wt% of liquid butyl titanate, about 2wt% of silver nitrate, and/or about 2wt% of copper nitrate could be added to the PC solution to provide an improved antimicrobial effect
  • polycarbonate was dissolved in a solvent made of a mixture of DMF and THF 1 as described above 5 wt% of liquid butyl titanate was added to the PC solution and the components were mixed together by means of an ultrasonic stirrer for three hours. Then, 2 wt% of particulate copper nitrate and 2 wt% of silver nitrate were added and stirred into the PC solution for an additional three hours until all the particles were completely dissolved in the mixture.
  • the solution made by this method was then electrospun according to the methods described above to form a nanofibrous membrane containing nanofibers with a PU core and a PC sheli comprising components of TiO 2 , Cu 2 + , and Ag +
  • the membrane was tested by exposing it to 426 pseudomonads where it was determined to exhibit good bacteria-resistant behavior by virtue of the fact that, after the exposure, only 256 pseudomonads retained active.
  • the filtering characteristic of pure polycarbonate or polycarbonate with components of TiO 2 , Cu 2 + , and Ag + can be combined with the mechanical characteristics of polyurethane through the formation of the composite nanofiber described herein

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Nanotechnology (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Composite Materials (AREA)
  • Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
  • Artificial Filaments (AREA)
  • Nonwoven Fabrics (AREA)
  • Spinning Methods And Devices For Manufacturing Artificial Fibers (AREA)
  • Multicomponent Fibers (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne une fibre submicronique, comportant une enveloppe de polycarbonate et un noyau de polyuréthane, réalisée par électrofilage de solutions liquides des matériaux au travers de capillaires coaxiaux. La fibre composite peut être appliquée sur un collecteur pour former une membrane non-tissée, ou peut être appliquée ou collée à un substrat de tissu. Une membrane non-tissée ou un tissu comportant la fibre composite combine le pouvoir filtrant du polycarbonate et les caractéristiques mécaniques, telles que l'élasticité, du polyuréthane, La membrane ou le tissu selon l'invention est adapté à des vêtements de survie, des filtres et des vêtements d'aviation.
PCT/US2007/068007 2006-06-01 2007-05-02 Nanofibres composites coaxiales de polycarbonate/polyuréthane WO2008060675A2 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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US80992806P 2006-06-01 2006-06-01
US60/809,928 2006-06-01

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WO2008060675A3 WO2008060675A3 (fr) 2008-07-10

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Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20090078640A1 (en) * 2007-05-26 2009-03-26 Benjamin Chu High Flux Fluid Separation Membranes Comprising a Cellulose or Cellulose Derivative Layer
CN101979726A (zh) * 2010-11-08 2011-02-23 东华大学 一种溶剂环流静电纺丝装置
CN102191570A (zh) * 2011-03-11 2011-09-21 长春理工大学 一种制备NiO@SiO2@TiO2同轴三层纳米电缆的方法
CN102191572A (zh) * 2011-03-11 2011-09-21 长春理工大学 一种NiO@ZnTiO3@TiO2同轴三层纳米电缆的制备方法
CN102191568A (zh) * 2010-03-16 2011-09-21 北京化工大学 一种利用爬杆效应促进高黏度聚合物熔体静电纺丝的装置
CN105369369A (zh) * 2015-12-24 2016-03-02 北京化工大学 一种离心同轴静电纺丝机
CN107227558A (zh) * 2016-03-24 2017-10-03 国立大学法人信州大学 片状膜基材、片状膜及片状膜基材的制造方法
CN109957846A (zh) * 2019-04-08 2019-07-02 嘉兴学院 基于同轴静电纺丝的广直径分布纳米纤维及其制备方法
CN111321520A (zh) * 2020-03-11 2020-06-23 天津理工大学 一种同轴静电纺丝聚偏氟乙烯/聚丙烯腈增强纤维薄膜压电性能的方法
CN112999404A (zh) * 2021-04-30 2021-06-22 河北宁纺集团有限责任公司 一种可拉伸纳米纤维膜及其制备方法和应用

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US20030205531A1 (en) * 2002-01-31 2003-11-06 Koslow Evan E. Microporous filter media, filtration systems containing same, and methods of making and using
WO2004058872A1 (fr) * 2002-12-23 2004-07-15 Dow Global Technologies Inc. Compositions electro-conductrices d'oligomeres macrocycliques polymerises et de nanofibres de carbone
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Cited By (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20090078640A1 (en) * 2007-05-26 2009-03-26 Benjamin Chu High Flux Fluid Separation Membranes Comprising a Cellulose or Cellulose Derivative Layer
US9010547B2 (en) * 2007-05-26 2015-04-21 The Research Foundation Of State University Of New York High flux fluid separation membranes comprising a cellulose or cellulose derivative layer
CN102191568A (zh) * 2010-03-16 2011-09-21 北京化工大学 一种利用爬杆效应促进高黏度聚合物熔体静电纺丝的装置
CN101979726A (zh) * 2010-11-08 2011-02-23 东华大学 一种溶剂环流静电纺丝装置
CN102191570A (zh) * 2011-03-11 2011-09-21 长春理工大学 一种制备NiO@SiO2@TiO2同轴三层纳米电缆的方法
CN102191572A (zh) * 2011-03-11 2011-09-21 长春理工大学 一种NiO@ZnTiO3@TiO2同轴三层纳米电缆的制备方法
CN105369369A (zh) * 2015-12-24 2016-03-02 北京化工大学 一种离心同轴静电纺丝机
CN107227558A (zh) * 2016-03-24 2017-10-03 国立大学法人信州大学 片状膜基材、片状膜及片状膜基材的制造方法
CN109957846A (zh) * 2019-04-08 2019-07-02 嘉兴学院 基于同轴静电纺丝的广直径分布纳米纤维及其制备方法
CN109957846B (zh) * 2019-04-08 2021-05-14 嘉兴学院 基于同轴静电纺丝的广直径分布纳米纤维及其制备方法
CN111321520A (zh) * 2020-03-11 2020-06-23 天津理工大学 一种同轴静电纺丝聚偏氟乙烯/聚丙烯腈增强纤维薄膜压电性能的方法
CN112999404A (zh) * 2021-04-30 2021-06-22 河北宁纺集团有限责任公司 一种可拉伸纳米纤维膜及其制备方法和应用
CN112999404B (zh) * 2021-04-30 2022-01-11 河北宁纺集团有限责任公司 一种可拉伸纳米纤维膜及其制备方法和应用

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