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WO2007136731A2 - Système d'éolienne - Google Patents

Système d'éolienne Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2007136731A2
WO2007136731A2 PCT/US2007/011877 US2007011877W WO2007136731A2 WO 2007136731 A2 WO2007136731 A2 WO 2007136731A2 US 2007011877 W US2007011877 W US 2007011877W WO 2007136731 A2 WO2007136731 A2 WO 2007136731A2
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
energy
air
compressed air
wind
compressor
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US2007/011877
Other languages
English (en)
Other versions
WO2007136731A3 (fr
Inventor
Eric Ingersoll
David Ritvo Marcus
Original Assignee
General Compression, Inc.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from US11/437,423 external-priority patent/US20060266035A1/en
Application filed by General Compression, Inc. filed Critical General Compression, Inc.
Publication of WO2007136731A2 publication Critical patent/WO2007136731A2/fr
Publication of WO2007136731A3 publication Critical patent/WO2007136731A3/fr

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F02C6/00—Plural gas-turbine plants; Combinations of gas-turbine plants with other apparatus; Adaptations of gas-turbine plants for special use
    • F02C6/14—Gas-turbine plants having means for storing energy, e.g. for meeting peak loads
    • F02C6/16—Gas-turbine plants having means for storing energy, e.g. for meeting peak loads for storing compressed air
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D9/00—Adaptations of wind motors for special use; Combinations of wind motors with apparatus driven thereby; Wind motors specially adapted for installation in particular locations
    • F03D9/10—Combinations of wind motors with apparatus storing energy
    • F03D9/17—Combinations of wind motors with apparatus storing energy storing energy in pressurised fluids
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F02C1/00—Gas-turbine plants characterised by the use of hot gases or unheated pressurised gases, as the working fluid
    • F02C1/04—Gas-turbine plants characterised by the use of hot gases or unheated pressurised gases, as the working fluid the working fluid being heated indirectly
    • F02C1/05—Gas-turbine plants characterised by the use of hot gases or unheated pressurised gases, as the working fluid the working fluid being heated indirectly characterised by the type or source of heat, e.g. using nuclear or solar energy
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D9/00—Adaptations of wind motors for special use; Combinations of wind motors with apparatus driven thereby; Wind motors specially adapted for installation in particular locations
    • F03D9/20—Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus
    • F03D9/25—Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus the apparatus being an electrical generator
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D9/00—Adaptations of wind motors for special use; Combinations of wind motors with apparatus driven thereby; Wind motors specially adapted for installation in particular locations
    • F03D9/20—Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus
    • F03D9/28—Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus the apparatus being a pump or a compressor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03G—SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS; MECHANICAL-POWER PRODUCING DEVICES OR MECHANISMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR OR USING ENERGY SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03G6/00—Devices for producing mechanical power from solar energy
    • F03G6/06—Devices for producing mechanical power from solar energy with solar energy concentrating means
    • F03G6/064—Devices for producing mechanical power from solar energy with solar energy concentrating means having a gas turbine cycle, i.e. compressor and gas turbine combination
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03G—SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS; MECHANICAL-POWER PRODUCING DEVICES OR MECHANISMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR OR USING ENERGY SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03G6/00—Devices for producing mechanical power from solar energy
    • F03G6/071—Devices for producing mechanical power from solar energy with energy storage devices
    • F03G6/074—Devices for producing mechanical power from solar energy with energy storage devices of the non-thermal type, e.g. springs or batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
    • Y02E10/46—Conversion of thermal power into mechanical power, e.g. Rankine, Stirling or solar thermal engines
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/72—Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/16—Mechanical energy storage, e.g. flywheels or pressurised fluids
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E70/00—Other energy conversion or management systems reducing GHG emissions
    • Y02E70/30—Systems combining energy storage with energy generation of non-fossil origin

Definitions

  • a system for producing desalinating water with the assistance of wind energy.
  • the system comprises a wind turbine that harvests energy from wind to produce mechanical energy.
  • a compressor receives mechanical energy from the wind turbine to compress air to an elevated pressure.
  • a storage device receives the air from the compressor such that the air can be released from the storage device on demand. Air provided to the compressor is drawn from a fluid containing system of a desalination facility to promote the evaporation of sea water.
  • a method of producing desalinated water with the assistance of wind energy comprises harvesting wind with a wind turbine to produce mechanical energy and compressing air to an elevated pressure with a compressor driven by the mechanical energy. Air is conveyed to a storage device after thermal energy is removed from the air. The compressed air is stored in the storage device at a working pressure greater than 10 atmospheres. Air is drawn from a fluid containing system of a desalination facility to promote evaporation of sea water.
  • Figure 3 is a shows representation of a multi-stage compression cycle, according to one embodiment.
  • aspects of the invention relate to a system for producing compressed air from wind energy.
  • the system includes one or more wind turbines that, when driven by the wind, provide mechanical energy to a compressor.
  • the compressor compresses a working fluid, such as air, to an elevated pressure.
  • the compressed working fluids may then be released to accomplish a desired task, such as the production of electricity, the liquification of air, and other processes that require the input of energy.
  • energy from the wind is stored as compressed air.
  • a given system may have a finite amount of storage for compressed air. In this regard, it may be advantageous to compress the air in a manner that maximizes the amount of air that can be stored.
  • One or more wind turbines drive compressors that draw air from the ambient environment and compress the air to an elevated pressure. Heat that results from compression may be removed from the air prior to, during, or after the compression process.
  • a multi-stage compression scheme may be used to facilitate the removal of heat from the air and/or to allow the system to compress the air to higher pressures.
  • the air is conveyed to a storage device 10, which as illustrated, includes a pipeline.
  • the compressed air may be conveyed by the pipeline to a turbine at a power generation plant 12, where heat may be added to the air and the air may be expanded to drive a turbine that produces electricity.
  • Embodiments of the invention facilitate storing energy received from the wind, such as in compressed air, so that the energy may be released later when needed or desired.
  • FIG. 2 shows a schematic representation of one embodiment of a wind turbine 16.
  • the turbine includes multiple blades 18 mounted to a shaft 17. The blades are configured to receive energy from the wind, and in turn, to rotate the shaft.
  • the shaft provides energy to compressors 22 located within the nacelle 21 of the turbine.
  • the turbine of Figure 2 is a "direct drive" device, as the term is used herein - that is, the energy from the wind is not converted to electrical energy prior to being conveyed to the air compressor(s) of the system.
  • direct drive turbines may include various types of belts, chains, friction drives, gearings, shafts, clutches, and other mechanical, pneumatic, and/or hydraulic devices, which may be used to convey energy to the compressor.
  • the rotor of the turbine may drive a hydraulic clutch that is selectively engaged to drive the compressor(s).
  • direct drive turbines may also include electronic devices for measuring or controlling the conveyance of wind energy to the compressor with the turbine still being considered a direct drive device.
  • the compressors) that receive energy from a given turbine may be located in the nacelle of the turbine itself. Such configurations may help improve the reliability of the wind turbine by reducing the length and/or complexity of any linkage between the rotor and the compressor(s). It is to be appreciated, however, that some embodiments may not incorporate all compressors into the nacelle, as some systems may use secondary compressors that are located in the tower, the ground, or underground. Other embodiments may incorporated all or a portion of the compressors directly in the tower structure that supports the nacelle, or elsewhere. Still, some embodiments may not have any compressors located in nacelles of the wind turbines, as aspects of the invention are not limited in this respect.
  • Embodiments of the system may store compressed air at various different operating Pressures.
  • systems that can store higher pressures may be more costly to produce, but can allow greater amounts of energy to be stored in a given volume of space.
  • compressed air is stored at pressures up to 100 atmospheres.
  • maximum storage pressures may be lower than 100 atmospheres, although maximum system pressures are generally greater than 10 atmospheres — a pressure that is higher than that normally associated with "shop air" systems.
  • other embodiments may store compressed air at pressures much greater than 100 atmospheres, as aspects of the invention are not limited in this respect.
  • systems may be capable of achieving maximum storage pressures of 240 atmospheres are greater. Recently developed composite reinforced pipes may facilitate achieving these pressures.
  • Systems may operated with different ranges of operating pressures.
  • the operating pressure may vary widely between maximum pressures as high as 240 atmospheres, and lower pressure near ambient.
  • smaller pressure ranges may prove beneficial, such as by minimizing stress on storage facilities and minimize the temperature swings in storage facilities during charging and discharging.
  • some operating pressures are targeted to vary not more than 100 atmospheres, 80 atmospheres, 50 atmospheres, or even less, as aspects of the invention are not limited in this respect.
  • the compression of a working fluid, such as air typically results in a temperature increase. In fact, compressing air from atmospheric pressure to 100 atmospheres, as discussed above, may cause an about 550 degree Celsius or greater increase in air temperature, if the compression occurs adiabatically. Such high temperatures may pose design challenges for the compressor and other portions of the system that must accommodate such temperatures.
  • Heat i.e., thermal energy
  • Heat may be removed from air prior to, during, or after compression. Removing heat in this manner may reduce the maximum temperature that a system may be designed to accommodate. Additionally, increasing density at a given pressure and removing heat from compressed air (or any other working fluid) may increase the mass of air that can be stored in a given volume of space, as it is to be appreciated that a given mass of air occupies less space when at a lower temperature. In this regard, providing relatively cooler air to a storage device may increase the total mass of air that may be stored by the device.
  • Thermal energy that is removed from the air prior to storage is energy that may prove more costly to store or transport than the energy associated with the additional mass of air that may be provided to storage when the compressed air is at a lower temperature. Storing greater quantities of relatively cooler air may allow systems to be configured without as much, or no insulation surrounding the storage device. Additionally, thermal energy may be added back to the compressed air prior to, during, or shortly after expansion of the compressed air at a relatively low cost, particularly when compared to the costs of retaining the thermal energy that results directly from compression. Although embodiments may include removing thermal energy from compressed air at compression, it is to be appreciated that aspects of the invention are not limited in this respect.
  • aspects of the invention may also facilitate separation of the energy associated with the compression of air, the energy associated with the heating of air that occurs upon compression.
  • the energy associated with the compressed air may be utilized upon expansion of the compressed air to perform useful work, and may be stored in a pipeline or vessel until such work needs to be performed.
  • the thermal energy may be used for any type of process that requires heat, and may be stored for later use in a medium, such as a cooling fluid, until such heat is required.
  • Thermal energy may be removed from air prior to compression.
  • an evaporative cooler is used to accomplish this effect.
  • Air may be passed through a wet or damp medium, such as a fibrous medium that promotes the wicking of water. Water may evaporate from the medium and into air prior to the air entering the compressor(s).
  • thermal energy may be removed from air at any point during the compression process.
  • a cooling fluid is introduced directly into the air that is compressed.
  • the cooling fluid may remove thermal energy from the air due to sensible heat exchange, although some evaporative cooling may also occur.
  • This cooling fluid may be introduced to the air at any point prior the compressed air being delivered to storage.
  • the cooling fluid may follow the air into the compression chamber of the compressor(s), and any other portions of the compression process.
  • the cooling fluid may be subjected to the same pressures as the air that progresses through the compression process.
  • the cooling fluid is typically removed from the compressed air prior to the air being delivered to the storage medium.
  • the temperature of the cooling fluid will not typically increase due to the increase in pressure that is experienced as the air and cooling fluid are compressed. This is due to the generally incompressible nature of cooling fluids, such as water. Instead, the cooling fluid remains at a temperature similar to that of the fluid prior to compression. As the compressed air is heated due to compression, the difference in temperature between the air and cooling fluid increases, thus causing heat in the air to move to the cooling fluid in efforts to reach equilibrium. The cooling fluid is then heated, primarily due to sensible heat exchange from the hotter, compressed air, although some evaporative cooling may also take place.
  • the system may include features to increase the contact area between the cooling fluid and the air that is being compressed. This increased contact area may promote heat transfer between the cooling fluid and the air.
  • the cooling fluid may be sprayed into the air, such that the cooling fluid, at least initially, is introduced to the air as water droplets. Increased contact area may be achieved through other mechanisms as well, such as with turbulators or other features within the system that may cause the cooling fluid to be agitated while passing thereby.
  • Cooling fluid may be introduced at directly into the compression system at different times. By way of example, cooling fluid introduced during a pre-cooling phase, primarily for evaporative cooling, may then serve to sensibly cool the air as the air is compressed. Cooling fluid may also be introduced to the air just prior to the air being compressed, during compression, and/or immediately after compression, as aspects of the invention are not limited in this respect.
  • the process of compressing air may result in a net production of water.
  • the relative humidity of air increases as the air is compressed. Once a relative humidity of 100% is reached, further compression will result in water falling out of the air.
  • a 1.8 Megawatt wind turbine compressing 10,000 cubic feet per minute or air at 30% relative humidity may produce upward of several hundred gallons of water per day, when discharge pressures of the compressor are at or about 100 atmospheres. This water and/or cooling fluids may be removed from the compressed air prior to storage, although it is not required to be.
  • the compressed air may be cooled by mechanisms other than through cooling fluid injected directly into the air.
  • compressed air may be directed through any type of heat exchanger, such as a thin-plate heat exchanger, a shell and tube heat exchanger, a bank of cooling fins, and the like, as aspects of the invention are not limited in this respect.
  • heat exchanger may be positioned about the compressor itself, so that cooling occurs during compression.
  • These devices may also be positioned to cool air prior to compression, as discussed above, or after compression, as aspects of the invention are not limited in this respect. It is also to be appreciated that embodiments of the invention may incorporate any combination of approaches for cooling compressed air, or no techniques at all.
  • isothermal, or near isothermal compression such that compressed air exits the compressor at approximately ambient temperature. Minimal cooling of the compressed air would occur when the air is resident in the storage device, assuming the storage device is also at ambient temperature.
  • the capacity of a storage device may be better utilized, particularly during periods when the prevailing winds are strong, and there is much wind energy to be harvested and stored.
  • compressors may be employed to compress the air.
  • scroll type compressors reciprocating or oscillating compressor, axial and/or centrifugal compressor may be used in various embodiments of wind turbines.
  • Some examples include a toroidal intersecting vane compressor, as disclosed in US Publication No. US2005/0135934, or an oscillating vane compressor.
  • the compressor(s) may act continuously, such as with a scroll type compressor or a centrifugal compressor, or may act in discrete phases, such as with many reciprocating or oscillating type compressors.
  • Reciprocating and oscillating compressors when employed, may be configured to have multiple compression chambers that act in parallel, in efforts to maximize flow rates and to reduce any pulsations in the flow of compressed air through the system. It is to be appreciated that the above listing of compressor types is merely exemplary, as aspects of the invention are not limited to any one type of compressor.
  • Embodiments of the compressors may compress air to a predetermined pressure, at which point the air and any cooling fluid may be released from the compression chamber. Alternately, compressors may be configured to release the compressed contents when a predetermined clearance volume is attained. Additionally, according to some embodiments, the volume or pressure at which compressed air is released may be varied during operation.
  • the compression may be carried out in multiple stages.
  • Multi-stage compression may facilitate obtaining higher compressor outlet pressures.
  • multi-stage compressor may provide an opportunity to cool compressed air between compression stages. Intercooling the air in this manner may help reduce the maximum temperature that air experiences for any given discharge pressure of the overall compression system.
  • dividing the compression among multiple stages and multiple compressors may facilitate an overall increase in the volumetric efficiency of each compressor, a reduction in the size of each compressor, a reduction in the flow rates that each compressor may have to accommodate, and/or reduction in the pressure differential that each compressor may accommodate.
  • Each stage of compression in the embodiment shown in Figure 3 may increase the pressure of the air by a factor of between 3 and 3.5 in some operating modes, and in some instances by a factor of 3.16.
  • This ratio of compressor outlet pressure to compressor inlet pressure is defined as a "pressure ratio”.
  • the pressure ratio of 3.16 evenly distributes the work across each stage of compression, and results in a discharge pressure of about 100 atmospheres.
  • Discharge pressure describes the pressure at which the overall compression system releases air, such as to a storage device. Distributing the pressure ratio evenly, in this manner, may in turn, allow the temperature rise associated with each stage of compression to be more evenly distributed, which can help increase the amount of heat that is removed from the compressed air, according to some embodiments.
  • the pressure ratios of various compression stages may differ.
  • the pressure ratio declines at each subsequent compression stage. In this sense, each successive compression stage increases the pressure of the air by a smaller amount.
  • Such a scheme may help reduce the pressure differential experienced by the later stages, since later stages in the compression process will be dealing with greater absolute pressures, but with smaller pressure ratios.
  • pressures ratios may differ from stage to stage according to different schemes, as aspects of the invention are not limited to those described above.
  • the compressors illustrated in Figure 3 are each configured to receive air or air and cooling fluid, and to compress the contents to a defined outlet pressure.
  • the outlet pressure is defined by a valve positioned at the compressor outlet.
  • Embodiments may have compressors with such valves set to a constant release pressure, or may include valves with release pressures that may be varied during operation of the compression system.
  • the valve may be mechanical, such as a spring activated shuttle valve, or may be an electronically operated valve, as aspects of the invention are not limited in this respect.
  • the compressor may be operated to prevent the waste of mechanical energy. It is to be appreciated that pressure levels in a storage device may not be constant through all phases of operation. Compressing air to pressure much higher than that present in the storage device may require additional work that is difficult to recover when the compressed air expands upon entry into the storage device.
  • some embodiments are configured to control discharge pressure of the compression system to be equal to or just slightly greater than the pressure in the storage device. Controlling the system in this manner may help improve the overall efficiency of the system.
  • the discharge pressure is controlled to be 1 A arm greater than the storage pressure, 1 A arm greater than the storage pressure, 2 atm greater than the storage pressure, or 5 atm greater than the storage pressure. Other controlled differences between discharge and storage pressures are also possible, as aspects of the invention are not limited in this respect.
  • discharge pressures may be controlled by altering the pressure ratio(s) of the compressor.
  • the pressure ratio of each stage may be reduced by a proportional amount until the desired discharge pressure is obtained.
  • the pressure ratios of multi-stage compressors maybe altered in different manners to achieve a desired discharge pressure, as aspects of the invention are not limited in this manner.
  • Multi-stage compression may facilitate removal of heat between successive stages of compression.
  • intercoolers may be positioned between compressors of each stage. In this regard, the amount of heat removed from the system may be increased. Intercoolers may also help reduce the maximum temperature that the air attains throughout the entire compression process. Cooling fluid may also be introduced between each of the compression stages, either in combination or in place of the intercoolers, as aspects of the invention are not limited to any one type of cooling.
  • Embodiments of the wind turbine may include features for cooling the compressors themselves.
  • the compressors may include a coolant jacket through which cooling fluid is run to remove heat from the compressor. Cooling fins may be positioned about the external surface of the compressor to aid in the removal of heat. Still, other methods and devices may be used to cool the compressor itself, or the compressor may lack such features altogether, as aspects of the invention are not limited in this respect.
  • Embodiments may include features to protect the compressor and/or other components from cold weather conditions.
  • coolant jackets may include heaters to prevent compressor damage that might otherwise occur if cooling fluids were to freeze in the coolant jacket.
  • the cooling system may be used to circulate warming fluids to prevent freezing damage. It is to be appreciated that protection for freezing may be implemented in cold weather conditions when the turbine is not operating, as normal heat rejection during operation may be sufficient to prevent freezing and any associated damage.
  • Embodiments of the invention may use different approaches to removing heat from cooling fluid that is used to cool the compressed air and/or the compressor itself. According to one embodiment, the cooling fluid is circulated from the nacelle, down the tower, and intq the earth.
  • the earth may act as a heat sink, removing enough heat from the cooling fluid to bring the cooling fluid back to or near the ground temperature.
  • the cooling fluid may be stored in a relatively large underground tank to increase the average time that the cooling fluid is resident underground before returning to the nacelle.
  • the surface area of the tank may also be maximized to promote heat transfer between the earth and the cooling fluid, such as through the use of ground loops.
  • water retrieved from air that is being compressed may help remove heat from the cooling fluid.
  • the process of compressing air may result in a net production of water as at least a portion of the water vapor present in the air received by the turbine is removed during compression, as discussed above.
  • This water may typically be cooler than the maximum temperature obtained by the air during compression, and thus may serve to cool the air and/or the cooling fluid itself.
  • embodiments of the invention may include features to remove heat from a cooling fluid other than those described above, such as traditional air to water radiators, evaporative cooling towers or ponds, nearby bodies of water, and the like, as aspects of the invention are not limited in this respect.
  • a primary cooling fluid may receives thermal energy from the compressed air or compressor and may, in turn, reject this heat to a secondary cooling fluid.
  • the first cooling fluid may be optimized for temperatures and conditions at the compressor or in the nacelle of a turbine, while the secondary coolant is optimized for conditions elsewhere, such as at the ground where the secondary cooling fluid resides.
  • a heat exchanger may be used to transfer heat between the primary and secondary cooling fluids. In other embodiments, only a single cooling fluid or no cooling fluids may be used, as aspects of the invention are not limited in this respect.
  • coolants may be used to cool the compressed air and the compressor itself.
  • an environmentally friendly coolant such as ethanol.
  • coolant that may escape to the environment may be less likely to cause environmental harm.
  • Ethanol may also prevent freezing of the coolant, which may be advantageous for wind turbines situated in colder environments.
  • Ethanol and other environmentally safe coolants may prove particularly useful for direct introduction into the compressed air for cooling, as such fluids may prove to be more likely to escape into the environment.
  • Closed loop cooling systems such as those used in heat exchangers for performing pre-cooling, intercooling, or for feeding a coolant jacket to cool the compressors themselves may be chosen such that the coolant is evaporated when receiving heat, returning to a liquid state for heat rejection.
  • coolants may receive heat, and later reject heat without changing phases, as aspects of the invention are not limited in this respect, or to any one type of cooling fluid.
  • Compressed air provided to the storage device, may be utilized in various different types of applications. According to some embodiments, the compressed air may be used to drive turbines that, in turn, provide electric power when needed.
  • Compressed air may be provided to power generation turbines in different manners.
  • air is expanded from operating storage pressure and temperature and is fed directly to a turbine.
  • operating storage pressures may typically range between 10 atmospheres and 100 atmospheres, although higher and lower pressures are possible.
  • the stored air will typically also be at roughly ambient temperature. It is to be appreciated that the stored air, through the process of expansion, may reach cryogenic temperatures upon discharge from the expander, particularly for air that is stored at the higher pressures, such as those up to and greater than 100 atmospheres, 200 atmospheres, or even 250 atmospheres.
  • Heat may be added to the compressed air prior to feeding the air to a turbine. The added heat may increase the energy that may be derived from the turbine to create electricity.
  • Compressed air may be heated by various different means before being fed to a turbine.
  • heat is added by combusting fuel directly in the compressed air. This is typically accomplished with liquid or gaseous fuels, such as natural gas, among other choices.
  • steam may be injected directly into the compressed air.
  • Other methods may also be available for directly heating the air prior to the air being introduced to the turbine.
  • the air is heated directly by a solar concentrator, which may prove particularly advantageous as such devices are capable of attaining very high air temperatures. Still, other methods of directly heating the compressed air are possible, as aspects of the invention are not limited to those described above.
  • Turbines that receive compressed air from a storage device may be configured in different manners.
  • the turbines may be of similar construction to those that are found in existing, natural gas power plants.
  • Such turbines are typically coupled to a compressor that may be used to compress air provided to the turbine when compressed air is not provided by the storage device.
  • the compressor When compressed air is provided by the storage device, the compressor may be mechanically disconnected from the turbine, such that energy is not expended to rotate the compressor and compress additional air.
  • Twin shaft compressor / turbine arrangements are also suitable for such embodiments.
  • the compressor may be isolated from the atmosphere, such that rotation of the compressor does not compress air and minimizes any energy consumption by the pressure stages of the compressor/turbine.
  • compressed air may be expanded and fed through a steam turbine directly from storage, as such turbines are typically configured to operate with greater efficiencies over a wider range of operating pressures.
  • Compressing air to higher pressures may allow liquid air to be produced and stored at higher temperatures.
  • compressed air may be received from a storage device and compressed further to produce liquid air, either in addition to or in place of creating liquid air upon expanding the stored compressed air.
  • other methods may be used to increase the amount of liquid air that is derived from the compressed air, as aspects of the invention are not limited to those discussed above.
  • Products, such as industrial grade or even laboratory grade oxygen and nitrogen, may be produced with liquid air produced by various embodiments of the system.
  • fractional distillation may be used to isolate oxygen, nitrogen, or any other particular components from the air.
  • the compressed air may be used to produce oxygen or nitrogen directly through methods like pressure swing adsorption.
  • compressed air from a storage device is exposed to a substance that adsorbs oxygen, or some other constituent of air, at higher pressures. After exposure in the compressed air, the substance is exposed to a lower pressure environment, where oxygen (or another constituent of air) is released and collected.
  • Isolated air products like laboratory grade or industrial grade oxygen
  • oxygen may be used in the gasification and combustion of gasified solid fuels, by oxygen fired coal plants, integrated gasification combined cycle plants, natural gas plants, combined cycle plants, and the like.
  • the expander comprises a turbine connected mechanically to the compressor(s), such that the turbine may help drive the compressor(s) as the compressed air is expanded.
  • the turbine and compressor may be mounted to a common shaft.
  • the reduction in storage volume for liquefied air may facilitate transportation of energy harvested by a wind farm through means other than a pipeline.
  • ships, trucks, and rail may be used to transport liquid air containers from a wind farm or single wind turbine to various destinations.
  • the size, cost, and losses associated with moving the fluid through the pipeline may be reduce.
  • compressed air released from a storage device may utilize heat energy allows for numerous synergies with other types of processes.
  • Aluminum production facilities typically produce great amounts of waste heat that is typically output to the environment, often at great costs. According to some embodiments, this heat may be transferred, either directly or through a working medium, to compressed air before the compressed air is expanded through a turbine to produce electricity. This electricity, in turn, could, be provided to the Aluminum plant to power internal processes that may require energy.
  • Co-located facilities may benefit from other synergies as well.
  • plants often expend large amounts of energy to compress air for internal uses, such as powering tools, materials handling, robots and the like.
  • Plants may receive compressed air directly from a storage device, such that electricity does not need to be used to compress air on-site. Cooling may also be provided directly to production, processing, or plants by the expansion of compressed air. Such cooling may be used for any processes internal to a plant that may require cooling, such as industrial process, including refrigeration, and the like.
  • Wind turbines may be positioned as solitary turbines, or may be grouped together in wind farms. Wind turbines may also be positioned anywhere, particularly where prevailing winds are typically strong. By way of example, turbines may be positioned in wide open plains and or in bodies of water, standing on the bottom of floating atop supporting structures. Such embodiments may provide a readily accessible source of cooling in the waters of a large inland lake or ocean.
  • plants may include but are not limited to, an aluminum production facility, a fertilizer, ammonia, or urea production facility, a liquid air product production facility that can be used in manufacturing liquid air, liquid oxygen, liquid nitrogen, and other liquid air products, a fresh water from desalination production facility, a ferrosilicon production facility, an electricity intensive chemical process or manufacturing facility, a tire recycling plant, coal burning facility, biomass burning facility, medical facility, cryogenic cooling process, or any plant that gasifies liquid oxygen, nitrogen, argon, CO2, an ethanol production facility, a food processing facility.
  • food processing facilities include but are not limited to, dairy or meat processing facilities and the like.
  • aspects of the invention also relate to obtaining renewable energy credits with wind generated energy.
  • electricity may be provided to consumers by retailers, often known as load serving entities. Load serving entities, in turn, purchase the electricity they provide from wholesale suppliers of electricity. In deregulated control areas, an independent system operator may be responsible for the administration of the wholesale power markets and network reliability.
  • renewable energy credits can be associated with the electricity produced, associated with electricity produced from the wind energy systems and the thermal energy systems, like those discussed herein. In one embodiment, the renewable energy credits are associated with a value placed on the produced electricity.
  • the thermal energy system can be selected from, biomass, geothermal, solar, coal, natural gas, oil, industrial process heat, nuclear, heat from a chemical or manufacturing process, a wind compressor intercooler, a body of water and the like. At least a portion of the wind power can be used convert at least a portion of the thermal energy to electricity to increase efficiency of conversion.
  • the thermal portion of the wind energy can be stored, managed, and enhanced by a solar thermal collector, thermal inertial mass, thin walled tubing with anti-freeze distributed inside the tank, fossil fuel, or biomass, or bio fuel burner, a circulation device for using hot air, and the like.
  • the delivery schedule can take into account the amount of energy that can be supplied directly from the wind power system as well as stored energy. In one embodiment, the delivery schedule is utilized to determine an amount of energy that can be provided from storage, and an amount of power expected to be used and withdrawn by a power grid. In another embodiment, the delivery schedule is utilized to assist in ensuring that wind energy is available at constant power output levels even when the wind energy availability levels drop below a demand for power needed by a power grid.
  • At least one demand history is created for a location to help forecast and predict how much energy will be used at the location during an upcoming period of time.
  • Energy availability from the wind energy system can be determined.
  • the demand history can be used for delivery of wind energy to the location to manage load, offset spikes, sags, and surges, and meet the needs of the grid and the customer.
  • Embodiments of the wind energy system can be coupled to a power grid that can be accessed to supply energy into storage by using electricity to run the generator/expanders backwards as motor/compressors to pressurize the system, which will then be expanded on demand to make electricity.
  • An energy usage schedule can be developed using forecasts and predictions to for the upcoming time period to determine how energy from storage should be used to achieve a desired cost savings.
  • a demand charge can be determined that may be applied based on spikes or surges that can occur during the upcoming time period, and an energy usage schedule then developed to reduce and/or offset the spikes or surges in a manner that achieves cost savings at a location.
  • the location can be a commercial property end-user of energy and storage of energy is used to lower overall costs of energy at the commercial property end-use, and the like.
  • an estimated cost savings for the upcoming time period is determined, and then that determination is repeated for an extended period of time, to help determine an overall cost savings that can be achieved during the extended period of time.
  • a phase change of the compressed air is used to create the liquid gas.
  • the liquid gas is selected from, air, a gaseous mixture, any gas that is liquefied in a chemical or industrial process, or any gas used in a refrigeration cycle.
  • the liquid gas is used to make liquid nitrogen, liquid oxygen, liquid argon, liquid or solid CO2 and the like.
  • the liquid gas may also be used to liquefy any other gas used in a chemical, industrial, or refrigeration process.
  • the liquid gas is used to make at least one of, liquid nitrogen, oxygen, argon, CO2, and other liquefied gas or fluid.
  • At least a portion of the electrical energy, vacuum pressure, compressed air, heat from compression and liquid air or another compressed fluid from the system is dispatchable to a production facility.
  • electricity provided by the system is used to electrolyze water at the production facility.
  • the system is configured to provide pressure used at the production facility to drive a reverse or forward osmosis process.
  • the system is configured to provide at least one of vacuum or heat to drive a distillation process at the production facility.
  • the compressor 16 compresses fluid that is evaporating from fluid in a distillation process.
  • compressed fluid that is evaporating from a distillation process is returned to exchange its heat with liquid in an evaporation or distillation process.
  • the liquid air can be used to create a flue stream with reduced nitrogen content so that the flue gas can be sequestered at an energy or industrial plant and in one embodiment, the sequestered gas is CO2.
  • CO2 can be sequestered by using pressure from the direct compression wind farm to pump the CO2 underground, or power pumps that will pump the CO2 underground.
  • the direct compression wind farm can also provide electricity and/or pressure so CO2 can be electrolyzed to separate carbon from oxygen. Hydrogen and other atoms and molecules can be added to the carbon to create hydrocarbon fuels or products, or other carbon based products.
  • At least a portion of the wind energy can be used to make electricity for an industrial plant.
  • Thermal energy can be added to an expander at one or more of the following: into an interior of the expander, at an intake to the expander and at an outflow at the expander.
  • the thermal energy added to the expander can be, dry air, humid air, wet steam and dry steam, and other fluid that can transfer thermal energy, and the like.
  • An expander can be provided to expand at least a portion of the wind energy and at least a portion of the thermal energy from the thermal energy system. Suitable expanders include but are not limited to, reciprocating, rotary, roots-blower, single screw, twin screw, or diaphragm expander, natural gas turbine, intersecting vein machine, toroidal intersecting vein machine and the like.
  • the expander is coupled to at least a portion of the plurality of direct compression wind turbine stations to produce electricity.
  • the expander is coupled to a generator, wherein rotational energy of the expander is an input to a generator to make the electricity.
  • at least a portion of the energy from the wind energy system and the thermal energy system is dispatchable.
  • the liquid air can be supplied from the windfarm to a customer in many ways: through an insulated pipeline, an insulated storage tank an insulated tanker truck, an insulated rail bar, an insulated vessel on or in a boat, ship, or barge.
  • the liquid air can be provided as liquid air, or as liquid air components such as oxygen, nitrogen, argon and the like.
  • the liquid air can be gasified before it reaches the customer, when it reaches the customer, or sometime after it reaches the customer.
  • the liquid air can or liquid air products can be gasified to pressurized air or pressurized air products, and shipped via high pressure pipelines or high pressure cylinders.
  • the liquid air or liquid air products can be used for their cooling properties when they are gasified, or their chemical properties, or both.
  • the manufacture of liquid air products may enable the construction of direct compression wind turbine farms in locations that have little or no transmission access to the electric grid, allowing wind energy to be harvested, stored, transmitted, and used in a form other than as electricity, enabling this form of energy to be transmitted by truck, boat, rail, and other means.
  • the liquid air products may be made on location for some customers at their places of business, or may be shipped to them.
  • the liquid air products may be made on shore or offshore.
  • Liquid air may have certain advantages in transmitting energy over electricity or compressed fluids, including cheaper transmission costs. For example, liquid air takes up 80 times less space than 80 barr air, enabling storage of similar amounts of energy in much smaller pipes or vessels, thus reducing costs. Also, for example, it may be cheaper to lay liquid air pipe from an offshore location to 1 and than it is to lay marine electrical cable or high pressure pipe.
  • the wind energy system can be coupled to a power grid that can be accessed to supply energy into storage by using electricity to run the generator/expanders backwards as motor/compressors to pressurize the system, which will then be expanded on demand to make electricity. In one embodiment the system has a power to weight ratio greater than 1 megawatt/15 tons.
  • electricity provided by the system may be used to electrolyze water at the production facility.
  • the system is configured to provide pressure used at the production facility to drive a reverse or forward osmosis process.
  • the system is configured to provide at least one of vacuum or heat to drive a distillation process at the production facility.
  • the production or processing facility can be co-located with the system.
  • the system is configured to receive waste heat from the production facility and utilize at least a portion of the waste heat to provide the electrical energy that is dispatched to the production facility.
  • the system provides electricity for the reduction of carbon dioxide or water and can pressurize carbon dioxide to provide power to electrolyze the carbon dioxide to separate carbon from oxygen.
  • the system can be used to pressurize carbon dioxide and water to a supercritical state and provide power for reaction of these components to methanol.
  • Hydrogen can be introduced to the carbon to create hydrocarbon fuels.
  • the oxygen can be utilized to oxy-fire coal, process iron ore, burn coal, process iron ore and the like.
  • the system can be used to provide a vacuum directly to the production facility. This could assist, for example, in the production of products at low temperature distillation facilities, such as fresh water at desalination plants.
  • the expander can operate independently of the turbine and the compressor.
  • the expander and compressor can be approximately the same or different sizes.
  • a heat exchanger can be provided and coupled to an expander exhaust opening. At least a portion of the compressed air energy can be used as a coolant.
  • a rotatable turbine is mounted to a mast.
  • the system permits good to excellent control over the hours of electrical power generation, thereby maximizing the commercial opportunity and meeting the public need during hours of high or peak usage. Additionally, the system minimizes and can avoid the need to place an electrical generator off-shore.
  • the system allows for an alternative method for transmission of power over long distance. Further, the system can be operated with good to excellent efficiency rates.
  • the turbine can be powered to rotate by a number of means apparent to the person of skill in the art. One example is air flow, such as is created by wind.
  • the turbine can be a wind turbine.
  • One example of a wind turbine is found in U.S. Pat. No. 6,270,308. Because wind velocities are particularly reliable offshore, the turbine can be configured to stand or float off shore. In yet another embodiment, the turbine can be powered to rotate by water flow, such as is generated by a river or a dam.
  • the compressed air can be heated or cooled in the conduit or in a slip, or side, stream off the conduit or in a storage vessel or tank. Cooling the fluid can have advantages in multi-stage compressing. Heating the fluid can have the advantage of increasing the energy stored within the fluid, prior to subjecting it to an expander.
  • the compressed air can be subjected to a constant volume or constant pressure heating or cooling.
  • the source of heating can be passive or active. For example, sources of heat include solar, ocean, river, pond, lake, other sources of water, power plant effluent, industrial process effluent, combustion, nuclear, and geothermal energy.
  • the conduit, or compressed air can be passed through a heat exchanger to cool waste heat, such as can be found in power plant streams and effluents and industrial process streams and effluents (e.g., liquid and gas waste streams).
  • the compressed air can be heated via combustion.
  • an advantage is the ability to collect the compressed air or other fluid and convert the compressed air or fluid to electricity independently of each other. As such, the electricity generation can be accomplished at a different time and in a shorter, or longer, time period, as desired, such as during periods of high power demand or when the price of the energy is at its highest.
  • the expander is preferably configured to operate independently of the turbine and compressor.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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  • High Energy & Nuclear Physics (AREA)
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Abstract

L'invention concerne un système d'éolienne qui permet de produire de l'air comprimé à partir de l'énergie éolienne. L'éolienne de l'invention capte l'énergie du vent pour produire de l'énergie mécanique. Un compresseur reçoit l'énergie mécanique en provenance de l'éolienne, et comprime l'air à une pression élevée. On peut éliminer l'énergie thermique de l'air et stocker ce dernier dans des dispositifs de stockage afin de pouvoir, sur demande, relâcher l'air du dispositif de stockage.
PCT/US2007/011877 2006-05-19 2007-05-19 Système d'éolienne WO2007136731A2 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (18)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US11/437,423 2006-05-19
US11/437,423 US20060266035A1 (en) 2003-12-22 2006-05-19 Wind energy system with intercooling, refrigeration and heating
US11/437,419 US20060248892A1 (en) 2003-12-22 2006-05-19 Direct compression wind energy system and applications of use
US11/438,132 2006-05-19
US11/437,406 2006-05-19
US11/438,132 US20060266037A1 (en) 2003-12-22 2006-05-19 Direct compression wind energy system and applications of use
US11/437,407 US20070062194A1 (en) 2003-12-22 2006-05-19 Renewable energy credits
US11/437,408 US20060260312A1 (en) 2003-12-22 2006-05-19 Method of creating liquid air products with direct compression wind turbine stations
US11/437,261 2006-05-19
US11/437,406 US20060260311A1 (en) 2003-12-22 2006-05-19 Wind generating and storage system with a windmill station that has a pneumatic motor and its methods of use
US11/437,407 2006-05-19
US11/437,408 2006-05-19
US11/437,424 US20060260313A1 (en) 2003-12-22 2006-05-19 Direct compression wind energy system and applications of use
US11/437,836 US20060266036A1 (en) 2003-12-22 2006-05-19 Wind generating system with off-shore direct compression windmill station and methods of use
US11/437,424 2006-05-19
US11/437,836 2006-05-19
US11/437,261 US20060266034A1 (en) 2003-12-22 2006-05-19 Direct compression wind energy system and applications of use
US11/437,419 2006-05-19

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WO2007136731A2 true WO2007136731A2 (fr) 2007-11-29
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Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2236822A1 (fr) * 2009-04-01 2010-10-06 Werner Hermeling Procédé de réglage et de lissage en fonction du besoin de la performance de sortie électrique d'un convertisseur d'énergie et dispositif d'exécution de ce procédé
WO2011018055A1 (fr) * 2009-08-14 2011-02-17 Wang Ying Système énergétique à air comprimé haute pression
WO2011070146A3 (fr) * 2009-12-10 2011-12-22 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Procédé et dispositif de gestion d'un système de dessalement de l'eau de mer, et système de dessalement de l'eau de mer
BE1020457A5 (nl) * 2012-01-12 2013-10-01 Willy Boermans Het overbrengen van de krachten van meerdere krachtbronnen naar een as.
WO2015128131A1 (fr) * 2014-02-28 2015-09-03 IFP Energies Nouvelles Systeme de conversion d'energie eolienne en energie electrique integrant un moyen de stockage d'air comprime
CN108286500A (zh) * 2017-03-20 2018-07-17 华北电力大学（保定） 一种风能和太阳能联合储能发电系统
CN118499187A (zh) * 2024-05-16 2024-08-16 江苏科技大学 一种海洋综合平台电力、淡水供应系统

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US4455834A (en) * 1981-09-25 1984-06-26 Earle John L Windmill power apparatus and method
SU1710824A1 (ru) * 1989-09-15 1992-02-07 Днепропетровский государственный университет им.300-летия воссоединения Украины с Россией Ветроэнергетическа установка
DE10220499A1 (de) * 2002-05-07 2004-04-15 Bosch Maintenance Technologies Gmbh Verfahren zur großtechnischen Herstellung und Speicherung von Druckluftenergie aus regenerativer Windenergie zur bedarfsgerechten Stromerzeugung in kombinierten Luftspeicher-Wasserkraftwerken
GB2409022B (en) * 2003-12-13 2006-01-25 Rolls Royce Plc Work extraction arrangement
FR2866096A1 (fr) * 2004-02-06 2005-08-12 Georges Bouchet Dispositif pneumatique de stockage de l'energie electrique, fonctionnant de maniere quasi-isobare et quasi-isotherme en milieu marin ou lacustre

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2236822A1 (fr) * 2009-04-01 2010-10-06 Werner Hermeling Procédé de réglage et de lissage en fonction du besoin de la performance de sortie électrique d'un convertisseur d'énergie et dispositif d'exécution de ce procédé
WO2011018055A1 (fr) * 2009-08-14 2011-02-17 Wang Ying Système énergétique à air comprimé haute pression
WO2011070146A3 (fr) * 2009-12-10 2011-12-22 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Procédé et dispositif de gestion d'un système de dessalement de l'eau de mer, et système de dessalement de l'eau de mer
BE1020457A5 (nl) * 2012-01-12 2013-10-01 Willy Boermans Het overbrengen van de krachten van meerdere krachtbronnen naar een as.
WO2015128131A1 (fr) * 2014-02-28 2015-09-03 IFP Energies Nouvelles Systeme de conversion d'energie eolienne en energie electrique integrant un moyen de stockage d'air comprime
FR3018100A1 (fr) * 2014-02-28 2015-09-04 IFP Energies Nouvelles Systeme de conversion d'energie eolienne en energie electrique integrant un moyen de stockage d'air comprime
CN108286500A (zh) * 2017-03-20 2018-07-17 华北电力大学（保定） 一种风能和太阳能联合储能发电系统
CN118499187A (zh) * 2024-05-16 2024-08-16 江苏科技大学 一种海洋综合平台电力、淡水供应系统

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