WO2007101691A1

WO2007101691A1 - Device for fractionating bulk material

Info

Publication number: WO2007101691A1
Application number: PCT/EP2007/002018
Authority: WO
Inventors: Igor Plahuta
Original assignee: Inteso Ag
Priority date: 2006-03-08
Filing date: 2007-03-08
Publication date: 2007-09-13
Also published as: DE202006003607U1

Abstract

The present invention relates to a device for fractionating bulk material, in particular waste material, comprising a motor-driven screening drum mounted about its longitudinal axis, this screening drum having a filling opening for feeding in the material to be fractionated, having internal fittings for loosening and for moving the introduced material in the longitudinal direction of the screening drum, and having, on one of its longitudinal-side ends, a discharge opening for discharging the remaining material not separated off by the screening process. The invention further relates to a method and to an application for the device.

Description

Device for fractionating bulk material

The invention relates to a device for fractionating bulk material, in particular of waste, comprising a mounted around its longitudinal axis, motor-driven sieve drum with a filling opening for feeding the material to be fractionated, with internals for loosening and moving the introduced material in the longitudinal direction of the sieve drum and with a discharge opening located at its one longitudinal end for discharging the residual material not separated by the sieving process.

Such devices are used for fractionating, for example, household waste or for fractionating recyclable waste. The core of such a device is a sieve drum. This is mounted rotatably movable about its longitudinal axis and is driven by the motor in the process of sieving. The sieve drum has a filling opening for entering the material to be fractionated. The filling opening is located at the one longitudinal end of the sieve drum. Furthermore, the screen drum has an output opening which is arranged at the other longitudinal end of the screen drum. Between the filling opening and the discharge opening the sieve drum is divided into several sieve sections. The sieve sections differ in terms of the diameter of their peripheral openings, from which the sieved and thus separated from the bulk material passes material. From the filling opening in the direction of the dispensing opening, the diameter of the sieve openings in the individual sieve sections becomes larger. Under the individual screening drum sections, there is typically in each case a collecting funnel which collects the material emerging in this screening section and supplies it to a conveying device.

Internals are arranged within the sieve drum, in most cases protruding inwards from the inside of the sieve drum, through which, upon rotation of the sieve drum, the filled material is moved in the direction of rotation and thereby loosened up. This ultimately causes the screening process. Through these internals also takes a entrainment of the filled material in the longitudinal direction and thus in the conveying direction of the filling opening to the discharge opening. Thus, the material introduced into the filling opening is successively transported to the dispensing opening via the individual screening drum sections. Only the residual material that could not be sifted out of the filled product in one of the sieve drum sections emerges from the dispensing opening. This material is, for example, material with a size that is larger than the openings of the screening drum in the Siebtrommellabschnitt with the largest opening width of the sieve openings.

The typically with such a drum for fractionating material often contains textile remnants, tapes, endless strips, edge portions or the like. This material is particularly hindering in terms of an automated process. Such material does not emerge from the openings of the screen drum sections because of its size, but remains in the screen drum, is pulled apart as a result of the loosening movement and transported out through the discharge opening.

The output and the further removal of the output material is adjusted to the fact that a pourable good falls out of the discharge opening. Therefore, under such a discharge opening is usually a conveyor belt for transporting the non-sifted residual material. The conveyed out of the discharge opening bands, edge portions, endless strip or the like tend to wrap around moving elements, such as drive shafts or drive wheels of the downstream transport means, which leads in many cases to an unforeseen stoppage of the conveyor.

On the basis of this prior art discussing the invention, therefore, the object of the invention is to develop an aforementioned device such that it is ensured that even with a screening of material containing bands, endless strip, edge portions or the like fully automated process operation is guaranteed ,

This object is achieved according to the invention by an initially mentioned, generic device, wherein the device via a shredding device with at least one disposed in the region of the discharge opening of the drum, inwardly projecting rotor blades and one or more, compared to the rotational movement of the drum with its at least one Rotor knife fixed and cooperating for performing a cutting operation with the rotor blade stator knife has.

The discharge opening of this device for fractionating bulk material is assigned a shredding device. The shredding device is scissors-like working designed and has one or more, the screen drum associated with knives, which are referred to in the context of these embodiments as a rotor blade. For shredding ribbons, ropes or other strip-like materials, the or one or more stator knives together. The stator knives are fixed relative to the rotary motion of the sieve drum. The rotor blades are held in the region of the discharge opening inwardly protruding from the lateral surface of the screen drum. Thus, these rotor blades also serve for the rotational drive of material to be conveyed out of the sieve drum. If these are tapes, cords, cables or the like, they are carried by a rotor blade as a result of the rotary motion of the screen drum. If the material carried by the rotor blade reaches a stator blade, the entrained material is cut. In this case, rotor knives and stator knives work together in a scissor-like manner, with the stator knife representing the abutment against which the rotor knife works due to its movement with the sieve drum. Are located in the material to be fractionated tapes, cables, cords or the like, this material is cut at the arranged in the dispensing opening shredding direction, so that no longer runs from these shorter or short sections of the original strip-like material that downstream Conveyors can be blocked.

The at least one rotary drum of the shredding device assigned to the screen drum is expediently arranged with its cutting edges cooperating with the stator knives in the alignment of the exit opening or offset outwards by a small amount. This allows an arrangement of the stator or the outside of the screen drum. The arrangement of the stator or the outside of the screen drum has the advantage that they can be arranged adjustable in the radial direction. Each stator knife is expediently arranged on a knife holder. The adjustment of the stator knives serves the purpose that, in the event of an overload, the stator blade can be pivoted outwards in the radial direction, for example, in order to allow the material carried by the rotor blade to pass through it in an unbroken manner. Such an overload situation for the shredder occurs when material is carried by the rotor or knives, which can not be crushed by the interaction of the rotor blade with a stator blade. This material may be, for example, iron parts, squared timbers or the like. Even if it is basically provided that such material should not be filled into the sieve drum, it happens again and again that such material is contained in the material to be fractionated.

In a design of the stator knives as described above, the pivoting movement of the stator knives can be used to generate a warning signal or even bring the screen drum to a standstill, so that this material from the discharge opening manu- can be removed quickly. The swiveling movement of the stator blade advantageously takes place against a restoring force. Depending on the arrangement of the stator blade relative to the circumference of the screen drum, the weight of the stator blade may already be sufficient to form the necessary abutment for cutting strings, tapes or the like and to push them away in the case of harder materials. In general, however, you will prefer to provide the adjustment of a knife holder for a stator blade against the force of a spring element. Also conceivable are those bearings of stator knife holders, which are basically blocked with respect to their swiveling out and swiveling takes place only when a predefined force in the swiveling direction acts on the stator knife.

The one or more rotor knives according to one embodiment have a U-shaped or V-shaped cutting portion. Thus, these rotor blades have a vertex in their cutting section. These cutting sections are open in the direction of rotation of the sieve drum. Such a configuration of the rotor blades supports the rotational drive of material to be comminuted by the comminuting device. In addition, the material to be crushed is pressed in the process of cutting in cooperation with a stator blade towards the apex of the cutting portion of such a rotor blade, so that this represents a trap for the material to be crushed, which is closed by the stator blade in the direction of movement of the screen drum. The stator blade cooperating with such a rotor blade has an extent in the radial direction which corresponds to the radial extent of the entire rotor blade. The rotor blade or knives may also have a catch arm, which is expediently formed inwardly pointing at the free end of the above-described cutting portion. Such a tentacle engages deeper into the material conveyed in the region of the discharge opening and can therefore better catch the material to be comminuted, carry it along and feed it to a stator knife for its comminution. The above-described cutting portion of such a rotor blade can continue into the tentacle.

The invention is described below with reference to an embodiment with reference to the accompanying figures. Show it

1 shows an end view of the discharge opening of a sieve drum of a device for fractionating bulk material with a comminution device arranged in the region of the exit opening, FIG. 2 shows a schematic plan view of the region of the discharge opening of the sieve drum of the device of FIG. 1. FIG

3 is a perspective view of a stator blade as part of the crushing device of the apparatus of Fig. 1,

4 shows a perspective view of a rotor blade of the comminution device of the device of FIGS. 1 and

5a-c: an end view of the discharge opening of a sieve drum of a device for fractionating bulk material with a comminution device arranged in the region of the exit opening according to a further exemplary embodiment.

A device 1 for fractionating bulk material, wherein the device 1 is used for fractions of waste in the context of waste processing, has a screening drum 2, which is rotatably mounted in a frame 3 about its longitudinal axis. The screen drum 2 is divided in a manner not shown in several longitudinally one behind the other sieve sections. The sieve sections differ in the diameter of the circumferentially distributed sieve openings. In Fig. 1, the discharge opening 4 of the screening drum 2 is shown, which is arranged at the one longitudinal end of the screening drum 2. In the screen drum 2 there are several baffles 5, which take the material contained in the screen drum 2 in a rotary movement of the screen drum 2, thereby loosen and at the same time in the longitudinal direction of the screen drum 2 to the discharge opening 4 promote. In the conveying direction of the introduced via a feed opening in the screen drum 2 bulk material, the diameter of the screen openings in the individual sieve sections are larger. Within the individual screen drum sections, the screen openings each have the same diameter.

The screen drum 2 is driven by a rotary motor. For this purpose serve the two recognizable in Fig. 1 drive wheels 6, 6 '. The drive wheels 6, 6 'act on the outer surface of the screen drum 2. In the region of the discharge opening 4 is a shredding device for cutting strip material, endless strip, edge portions or other such materials, which are carried in the bulk material to be screened and not through the screen openings have leaked. The comminuting device is identified in FIG. 1 by the reference numeral 7. In the exemplary embodiment illustrated, the comminution device 7 comprises a rotor blade 8 and a stator blade 9. The rotor blade 8 is provided at one end, by the screen Drum 2 outwardly projecting Fiansch 10 attached. The rotor blade 8 projects from the screen drum 2 inwardly into the discharge opening 4. The stator blade 9 is fixed to a blade holder 11 on the frame 3.

Fig. 1 shows the shredding device 7 in a position in which the rotor blade 8 is moved past the stator blade 9 as a result of the rotational movement of the screen drum 2. The screen drum 2 rotates, as indicated by the arrow, counterclockwise.

The arrangement between the rotor blade 8 and the stator blade 9 can be seen with respect to the passing of the rotor blade 8 on the stator blade 9 in a plan view in FIG. In FIG. 2, the edge of the cutting edge of the rotor blade 8 is identified by the reference numeral 12. This cutting edge 12 abuts against the stator blade 9 and is slidably moved past the rotor blade 9. In order to achieve the desired scissor-like cut in the illustrated embodiment, the two cooperating knives 8, 9 in their passing movement together under a certain bias. To achieve this, the geometry of the two blades 8, 9 is coordinated so that the rotor blade 8 has a guide lug for trapping the stator blade 9, to ensure the desired investment arrangement of the two blades 8, 9 to each other. As a result of the cooperating under bias tensioning knives 8, 9 not only a clean cut of the material to be divided is ensured, but there is also a self-sharpening of cooperating knives 8, 9. Below the discharge opening 4 of the screening drum 2 is a funnel 13, is fed by the issued from the output port 4 and possibly crushed by the crushing device 7 residual material a conveyor belt 14 for transporting the discharged material. The direction of movement of the conveyor belt 14 is indicated by the block arrow Fig. 2.

The plan view of Fig. 2 of the crushing device 7 shows the two cooperating knives 8, 9 only schematically. However, it is clear that the arrangement of the shredder which is displaced outwards to escape the discharge opening 4 is effective

Cutting edge 12 of the rotor blade 8 recognizable. The rotor blade 8 is described in more detail below with reference to FIG. 4.

FIG. 3 shows a perspective view of the stator blade 9, which is held on the blade holder 11. The stator blade 9 has a V-shaped cutting edge 15. The opening of the V-shaped cutting section of the stator blade 9 points counter to the direction of rotation of the screen drum 2 and thus of the rotor blade 8 (see FIG. The knife- Holder 11 includes a plate 16 which is pivotally mounted about a bolt 17. The pivotable arrangement serves the purpose that in an overload situation of the crushing device 7, the stator blade 9 can escape in the longitudinal direction of the screen drum 2. This evasive movement takes place against the restoring force of a gas pressure damper 18. At the same time, the gas pressure damper 18 forms the necessary abutment in order to cut the material to be comminuted by the comminuting device 7. The knife holder 11 is fixed to the frame 3 with its base plate 19. The gas pressure damper 18 is fastened with its end opposite the plate 16 to an adjusting plate 20, which is displaceable in the longitudinal direction of the gas pressure damper 18. To set the basic position of the Statormessers 9 and thus to adjust the cutting gap serve two screws 21, 21 'with which the adjusting plate 20 can be set against the bolt 17.

The rotor blade 8 of the comminution device 7 is shown in a perspective view in FIG. 4. The rotor blade 8 has a cranked holding arm 22 on which the actual blade 23 is screwed with its cutting edge. The free end of the support arm 22 is attached to the flange 10 of the screen drum 2. The rotor blade 8 is designed to be complementary in terms of its shape as the stator blade 9 and thus also has a U-shaped or V-shaped cutting portion. This cutting portion continues into a tentacle 24.

The retainer arm of the rotor blade 8 and the configuration of the rotor blade 8 with its U-shaped cutting edge or cutting section, which tapers to a vertex, serves to receive material to be cut and to bring it to the stator blade 9. Is there material in the U-shaped receptacle of the rotor blade 8, this is held therein as in a trap and can not dodge during the cutting process or be pushed out of the kerf by the cooperating blades.

5a-5c show a further exemplary embodiment of a device for fractionating bulk material, in particular waste, in the course of processing, the screening drum 25 of which is constructed in the same way as the screening drum 2 of FIG. 1. The rotor knife 26 of the comminuting device associated with the screening drum 25 is constructed as the rotor blade 8. Fig. 5a shows the rotor blade 26, which is brought to a stator blade 27 as a result of the rotational movement of the screen drum 25. The stator blade 27 is formed in contrast to the stator blade 9 straight and accordingly has a straight edge. The stator blade 27 is about an axis 28 against the Restoring force of a Federeiementes 29 held swung. To define the cutting position of the stator blade 27, a stop 30 is used, on which the stator blade 27 is pressed by the force of the spring element 29. In the course of the rotary movement of the screen drum 25, the rotor blade 26 is moved past the stator blade 27. In this case, the free end of the designated with the reference numeral 24 with respect to the rotor blade 8 tentacle serves as a guide approach, which is shown pointing away from the stator knife 26 slightly. This forms a ramp at this portion of the tentacle, so that the pointing to the rotor blade 26 side of the stator blade 27 runs in the course of the cutting process on this surface and the two knives 26, 27 then moving under a bias standing touching each other over. During the rotational movement of the screen drum 25 in the clockwise direction, the material located in the receptacle 31 of the rotor blade 26 is moved in the direction of the vertex 32 of the rotor blade 26 and that by the stator knife 27 moving past on its upper side. In this way, tapes, cords or other Tape or strip material are cut easily scissor-like.

If, for example, a material which can not be cut by the comminution device, for example an iron rod, is located in such an aggregate to be cut, then the stator blade 27 is swiveled around its pivot axis 28 and against the force of the spring element 29 in the radial direction, as shown in FIG. 5c that the comminution device, formed in this embodiment by the rotor blade 26 and the stator blade 27, is not damaged by such an overload situation.

In the embodiments illustrated with the figures, the crushing device is shown in each case equipped only with a rotor blade. It is expedient to have an embodiment in which two, three, four or more rotor blades are provided distributed circumferentially. The number of rotor blades to be used depends on the bulk material to be fractionated and on the diameter of the discharge opening of the sieve drum. In principle, it is sufficient to provide a single stator blade, on which the rotor blade (s) are moved past. Nevertheless, it may be useful to use two or even more stator knives, which are arranged under certain circumstances at a small distance in the direction of rotation of the screen drum in a row.

. Preferably, the device described above is used in a process for fractionating polymer material to be reprocessed, in particular tires, whereby the material is fractionated and further processed, the device for fractionating is used small, preferably before further comminution of Poiymerma- terials takes place.

In particular, a use of the above device in a Gummirecycling- anläge.

Claims

Protection claims:

1. An apparatus for fractionating bulk material, in particular of waste, comprising a mounted about its longitudinal axis, motor-driven sieve drum (2, 25) with a filling opening for feeding the material to be fractionated, with internals (5) for loosening and moving the introduced material in the longitudinal direction of the screen drum (2) and with a discharge opening (4) located at its one longitudinal end for discharging the residual material not separated by the screening process, characterized in that the device (1) has at least one shredder (7) arranged in the region of the screen drum (2, 25), inwardly projecting rotor blade (8, 26) and with one or more, compared to the rotational movement of the screen drum (2, 25) with its at least one rotor blade (8, 26 ) fixed and for performing a cutting operation with the rotor blade (8, 26) cooperating stator knives (9, 27) has.

2. Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the one or more rotor blades (8, 26) of the screen drum (2, 25) with its cooperating with the or the stator knives (9, 27) cutting edge (15) in the alignment of the exit opening ( 4) or offset outwards are arranged.

3. A device according to claim 2, characterized in that the sieve drum (2) at its output end has a radially outwardly projecting flange (10) or at least one flange portion on which or those of the Rotormes- ser (8) are fixed ,

4. Device according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the o- of the stator knives (9) are each arranged on a knife holder (11).

5. Device according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the stator blade (9, 27) from its cooperating with the or the blade knives (8, 26) cutting position in one of the or the rotor knives (8, 26) moved Good passage position are adjustable, wherein an adjustment of the stator blade (9, 27) takes place from its cutting position against a restoring force.

6. Apparatus according to claim 5, characterized in that an adjustment of the stator blade (27) from its cutting position against the force of a spring element (29).

7. Device according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the o- the rotor blades (8, 26) has a U-shaped or V-shaped, in the rotational direction of the screen drum (2, 25) open cutting section (15) ,

8. The device according to claim 7, characterized in that on the cutting portion (15) of the rotor blade (8, 26) an inwardly projecting catch arm (24) is integrally formed.

9. Apparatus according to claim 8, characterized in that the cutting portion (15) continues with its cutting edge in the tentacle (24) all the way to its free end or partially to its free end.

10. Device according to one of claims 7 to 9, characterized in that the or the stator knives (27) have a straight cutting edge, wherein the orientation of the cutting edge in its cutting position as a tangent to the vertex of the cutting portion of the rotor or knife (26) is provided ,

11. The device according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that during the cutting process, the two cooperating knives (8, 9; 26, 27) are supported under bias with their cutting abut each other.

12. A method for fractionating polymer material to be reprocessed, in particular tires, wherein the material is fractionated and further treated, wherein a device for comminuting, in particular according to claim 1, is used, preferably before further comminution of the polymer material takes place.

13. Use of the device according to one of claims 1 to 11 in a rubber recycling plant.