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WO2007038037A1 - Article flexible abrasif et ses procedes de fabrication et d’utilisation - Google Patents

Article flexible abrasif et ses procedes de fabrication et d’utilisation Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2007038037A1
WO2007038037A1 PCT/US2006/036160 US2006036160W WO2007038037A1 WO 2007038037 A1 WO2007038037 A1 WO 2007038037A1 US 2006036160 W US2006036160 W US 2006036160W WO 2007038037 A1 WO2007038037 A1 WO 2007038037A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
abrasive article
article according
layer
flexible abrasive
abrasive
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US2006/036160
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Michael J. Annen
Gregory A. Koehnle
James W. Schutz
Ian R Owen
Albert I. Everaerts
Original Assignee
3M Innovative Properties Company
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
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Application filed by 3M Innovative Properties Company filed Critical 3M Innovative Properties Company
Publication of WO2007038037A1 publication Critical patent/WO2007038037A1/fr

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24D—TOOLS FOR GRINDING, BUFFING OR SHARPENING
    • B24D11/00—Constructional features of flexible abrasive materials; Special features in the manufacture of such materials
    • B24D11/001—Manufacture of flexible abrasive materials
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24D—TOOLS FOR GRINDING, BUFFING OR SHARPENING
    • B24D3/00—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents
    • B24D3/02—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents the constituent being used as bonding agent
    • B24D3/20—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents the constituent being used as bonding agent and being essentially organic
    • B24D3/28—Resins or natural or synthetic macromolecular compounds
    • B24D3/32—Resins or natural or synthetic macromolecular compounds for porous or cellular structure

Definitions

  • Flexible abrasive articles that have an abrasive layer affixed to a foam backing are used for many abrading applications, including for example, scuffing painted surfaces such as, for example, damaged automotive finishes prior to repairing them.
  • the flexible abrasive articles may be subjected to harsh forces that result in failure of the flexible abrasive article at a time when the abrasive layer is otherwise usable. Such premature failure may occur, for example, by separation of the abrasive layer from the foam backing and/or by damage caused to the foam backing.
  • the present invention provides a flexible abrasive article comprising: a compressible backing having first and second opposed major surfaces; an elastic polyurethane film affixed to at least a portion of the first major surface of the compressible backing; and an abrasive layer affixed to at least a portion of the polyurethane film, the abrasive layer comprising abrasive particles and a binder.
  • the polyurethane film has a treated surface, and the abrasive layer is affixed to at least a portion of the treated surface.
  • the flexible abrasive article further comprises an extensible tie layer affixed to at least a portion of the polyurethane film, wherein the abrasive layer is affixed to at least a portion of the extensible tie layer.
  • the abrasive layer comprises a plurality of shaped abrasive composites.
  • each of the elastic polyurethane film, optional extensible tie layer, and abrasive layer in flexible abrasive articles according to the present invention are foraminous, and there exist a plurality of continuous pores that extend from the second major surface of the backing through the abrasive layer.
  • flexible abrasive articles according to the present invention further comprise an attachment system affixed to the second major surface of the compressible backing.
  • the present invention provides a method of making a flexible abrasive article, the method comprising: affixing an elastic polyurethane film to a first major surface of a compressible backing which also has an opposite second major surface; applying a curable composition comprising a polymerizable binder precursor and abrasive particles to the elastic polyurethane film; and at least partially curing the curable composition to provide an abrasive layer.
  • the present invention provides a method of making a flexible abrasive article, the method comprising: affixing an elastic polyurethane film to a first major surface of a compressible backing which also has an opposite second major surface; affixing an extensible tie layer to the polyurethane film; applying a curable composition comprising a polymerizable binder precursor and abrasive particles to the extensible tie layer; and at least partially curing the curable composition to provide an abrasive layer.
  • the method further comprises: imparting a textured surface to the curable composition with a production tool that has a textured surface; and separating the production tool from the at least partially cured curable composition.
  • the durability for example, useful life of flexible abrasive articles is typically improved without compromising the flexibility, feel, cut, finish and handling.
  • elastic polyurethane film refers to an elastic film having a polyurethane content greater than 50 weight percent
  • elastic polyurethane film refers to a film comprising at least one elastic polyurethane
  • film refers to a thin layer of material
  • Fig. 1 is a cross-sectional schematic view of an exemplary flexible abrasive article according to the present invention
  • Figs. 2A-2C are enlarged schematic cross-sectional views of various embodiments of abrasive layer 140;
  • Fig. 3 is a perspective schematic view of an exemplary circular flexible abrasive pad according to one embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 4 is a perspective schematic view of an exemplary flexible abrasive pad according to one embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 5 is a perspective schematic view of an exemplary flexible abrasive belt according to one embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 6A is a cross-sectional view of an exemplary flexible abrasive article according to one embodiment of the present invention
  • Fig. 6B is a perspective view of compressible backing 610 shown in Fig. 6 A;
  • Fig. 7A is an enlarged view of a representative segment of a master tooling surface used to make the production tool used in the Examples;
  • Fig. 7B is an enlarged cross-sectional side view along line 7B of the master tooling surface shown in Fig. 7A; and Fig. 7C is an enlarged cross-sectional side view along line 7C of the master tooling surface shown in Fig. 7A.
  • flexible abrasive article 100 comprises compressible backing 110 having first and second opposed major surfaces 115, 116, respectively.
  • Elastic polyurethane film 120 is affixed to at least a portion of first major surface 115 of compressible backing 110.
  • Optional extensible tie layer 130 is affixed to at least a portion of elastic polyurethane film 120.
  • Abrasive layer 140 is affixed to at least a portion of extensible tie layer 130, if present, or at least a portion of elastic polyurethane film 120 if extensible tie layer 130 is not present.
  • Optional attachment system 150 is affixed to at least a portion of second major surface 116 of compressible backing 110.
  • the compressible backing may comprise any compressible resilient material(s).
  • the compressible backing may comprise a resilient nonwoven web, optionally in combination with one or more thin synthetic polymeric films affixed thereto. More typically, the compressible backing comprises at least one foam layer, optionally in combination with one or more flexible members (for example, polymeric films) affixed thereto.
  • Useful nonwoven webs include, for example, open fiber webs (for example, lofty open fiber webs) wherein the fibers are bonded together in their mutual contact points by a binder (for example, formed by drying and/or curing a binder precursor material).
  • the nonwoven web may be made, for example, from an air-supported construction (for example, as described in U.S. Pat. No. 2,958,593 (Hoover et al.), from a carded and cross- lapped construction, or a meltblown construction.
  • Useful fibers include natural and synthetic fibers, and blends thereof.
  • Useful synthetic fibers include, for example, those fibers made of polyester (for example, polyethylene-terephthalate), high or low resilience nylon (for example, hexamethylene-adipamide, polycaprolactam), polypropylene, acrylic (formed from acrylonitrile polymer), rayon, cellulose acetate, chloride copolymers of vinyl-acrylonitrile, and others.
  • polyester for example, polyethylene-terephthalate
  • nylon for example, hexamethylene-adipamide, polycaprolactam
  • polypropylene acrylic (formed from acrylonitrile polymer), rayon, cellulose acetate, chloride copolymers of vinyl-acrylonitrile, and others.
  • the appropriate natural fibers include those coming from cotton, wool, jute, and hemp.
  • Fibers diameters may be, for example, less than or equal to 1, 2, 4, 6, 10, 13, 17, 70, 110, 120 or 200 denier, although this is not a requirement. Fiber webs basis weights will depend upon the web thickness and the degree of openness.
  • binder precursor materials include latexes (for example, acrylic latexes or polyurethane latexes), phenolic resins, aminoplast resins, polymer plastisols, and combinations thereof.
  • the non- woven web is typically formed and then coated with a binder precursor then submitted to a coating procedure in which a curable binder precursor is applied to the web, for example, by roll coating, dip coating, or spraying.
  • a curable binder precursor is applied to the web, for example, by roll coating, dip coating, or spraying.
  • the compressible bacldng comprises a foam layer
  • any foam layer with at least one coatable surface may be used.
  • the foam layer may comprise any compressible foam material.
  • the compressible foam material is elastic.
  • Useful foams include elastic foams such as, for example, chloroprene rubber foams, ethylene/propylene rubber foams, butyl rubber foams, polybutadiene foams, polyisoprene foams, EPDM polymer foams, polyurethane foams, ethylene- vinyl acetate foams, neoprene foams, and styrene/butadiene copolymer foams.
  • Useful foams also include thermoplastic foams such as, for example, polyethylene foams, polypropylene foams, polybutylene foams, polystyrene foams, polyamide foams, polyester foams, plasticized polyvinyl chloride (that is, pvc) foams.
  • the foam layer may be of an open cell (for example, foraminous) or closed cell variety, although typically, if the abrasive article is intended for use with liquids, an open cell foam having sufficient porosity to permit the entry of liquid is desirable.
  • open cell foams are polyester polyurethane foams, commercially available from Illbruck, Inc., Minneapolis, Minnesota under the trade designations "R 200U”, “R 400U”, “R 600U” and "EF3-700C".
  • the degree of flexibility of the compressible backing will typically vary with the intended use.
  • the thickness of the compressible foam layer is typically in a range of from 1 to 50 millimeters, however, other thickness may also be used.
  • the bulk density of the compressible foam layer as determined by ASTM D-3574 is greater than 0.03 gram per cm ⁇ (2 lbs per ft*), however lower density foam layers may also be used.
  • the foam layer has a bulk density of 0.03 to 0.10 grams per cm ⁇ (1.8 - 6 lbs per ft*). While thinner or thicker and/or lighter or heavier foams may be useful, they may require special handling because they are somewhat more difficult to process on conventional coating equipment.
  • the compressible backing is typically in sheet form with substantially parallel major surfaces, but other surface-configurations with one or both major surfaces being planar or other than planar are also useful.
  • the second major surface may be planar to facilitate attachment, while the first major surface may be other than planar, for example, an undulated or convoluted surface.
  • Convoluted foams are disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,007,128 and 5,396,737 (both to Englund et al.).
  • the foam layer may have an elongation in a range of from 85 to 150 % (that is, the stretched length of the foam minus the unstretched length of the foam all divided by the unstretched length of the foam and then multiplied by 100 equals 85 to 150%.).
  • the elastic polyurethane film may be a uniform film, or it may be a composite film (for example, having multiple layers produced by coextrusion, heat lamination, or adhesive bonding).
  • the elastic polyurethane film typically comprises elastic polyurethane (for example, elastomeric polyurethane). Examples of elastomeric polyurethanes that may be used include, those available under the trade designation "ESTANE” from B.F. Goodrich & Co., Cleveland, Ohio, and those described in U.S. Pat. Nos.
  • the elastic polyurethane film is generally from 0.02 to 6 millimeters in thickness, for example, from 0.02 millimeter to 0.1 millimeter in thickness; however, this is not a requirement.
  • the elastic modulus (measured at IHz and 25 °C) of the elastic polyurethane film is between 2.4 x 10 5 and 7 x 10 5 Pascals, for example, between 3 x 10 5 and 6 x 10 5 Pascals, or even between 4 x 10 5 and 5 x 10 5 Pascals, although this is not a requirement.
  • the elastic polyurethane film is affixed to the compressible backing by a layer of adhesive disposed therebetween.
  • the elastic polyurethane film may contain fillers, additives, antioxidants, stabilizers, other polymers, and the like.
  • the elastic polyurethane film may be made foraminous by perforating the film with an array of needles deployed in a standard needle board installed in a needletacking machine (that is, needletacking).
  • the elastic polyurethane film is affixed to the compressible backing by a layer of an adhesive material such as, for example, glue, hot melt adhesive, or a pressure sensitive adhesive film optionally provided as a transfer tape.
  • the elastic polyurethane film is in direct contact with the compressible backing.
  • an optional tie layer provides good adhesion of the abrasive layer to the elastic polyurethane film.
  • the optional tie layer is extensible. Without wishing to be bound by theory, it is believed that the extensible tie layer functions at least in part by relieving stresses that would occur upon stretching between the typically rigid abrasive layer and the elastic polyurethane film.
  • suitable extensible tie layers include pressure sensitive adhesives, and elastomeric acrylics (for example, styrene/acrylic elastomers) whether supplied in bulk or latex form.
  • pressure sensitive adhesives examples include pressure sensitive adhesives derived from acrylate polymers (for example, polybutyl acrylate), acrylate copolymers (for example, isooctyl acrylate/acrylic acid), vinyl ethers
  • the adhesive may be provided and applied to the elastic polyurethane film in, for example, bulk, solvent borne, or water-based latex form.
  • the optional extensible tie layer is elastic, while in others it is not.
  • the optional extensible tie layer is generally from 0.02 millimeter to 4 millimeters in thickness, for example, from 0.06 millimeter to 2 millimeters in thickness, however this is not a requirement.
  • the elastic polyurethane film may be surface treated by corona, flame or acid or base priming. Further, adhesion may be improved in some cases by incorporating at least one of acrylic acid or methacrylic acid into a polymerizable binder precursor used to form the abrasive layer.
  • the abrasive layer comprises make and size layers and abrasive particles as shown for example, in Fig. 2A.
  • abrasive layer 140a comprises make layer 206, abrasive particles 210, size layer 212, and optional supersize 214.
  • Useful make, size, optional supersize layers, flexible coated abrasive articles, and methods of making the same according to these embodiments include, for example, those described in U.S. Pat. Nos.
  • the abrasive layer comprises abrasive particles in a binder, typically substantially uniformly distributed throughout the binder, as shown for example, in Fig. 2B.
  • abrasive layer 140b comprises binder 236 and abrasive particles 210. Details concerning materials and methods for making such abrasive layers may be found, for example, in U.S. Pat. Nos.
  • the abrasive layer is typically applied to the elastic member as the slurry of abrasive particles in a binder precursor, and then at least partially cured.
  • the abrasive layer comprises a structured abrasive layer, for example, as described in Fig. 2C.
  • abrasive layer 140c comprises precisely shaped abrasive composites 265.
  • Precisely shaped abrasive composites 265 comprise abrasive particles 210 dispersed throughout binder 236.
  • Structured abrasive layers useful in practice of the present invention, comprise a plurality of non-randomly shaped abrasive composites and affixed to the elastic polyurethane film.
  • the term "abrasive composite” refers to a body that includes abrasive particles and a binder.
  • shaped abrasive composites may be arranged according to a predetermined pattern (for example, as an array).
  • the shaped abrasive composites may comprise "precisely shaped" abrasive composites.
  • shape of the abrasive composites is defined by relatively smooth surfaced sides that are bounded and joined by well-defined edges having distinct edge lengths with distinct endpoints defined by the intersections of the various sides.
  • boundary refer to the exposed surfaces and edges of each composite that delimit and define the actual three- dimensional shape of each abrasive composite. These boundaries are readily visible and discernible when a cross-section of an abrasive article is viewed under a scanning electron microscope.
  • boundaries separate and distinguish one precisely shaped abrasive composite from another even if the composites abut each other along a common border at their bases.
  • the boundaries and edges are not well defined (for example, where the abrasive composite sags before completion of its curing).
  • precisely shaped abrasive composites are arranged on the backing according to a predetermined pattern or array, although this is not a requirement.
  • Shaped abrasive composites may be arranged such that some of their work surfaces are recessed from the polishing surface of the abrasive layer.
  • Precisely shaped abrasive composites may be of any three-dimensional shape that results in at least one of a raised feature or recess on the exposed surface of the abrasive layer.
  • Useful shapes include, for example, cubic, prismatic, pyramidal (for example, square pyramidal or hexagonal pyramidal), truncated pyramidal, conical, frusto-conical, pup tent shaped, and ridged. Combinations of differently shaped and/or sized abrasive composites may also be used.
  • the abrasive layer of the structured abrasive may be continuous or discontinuous.
  • the density of shaped abrasive composites in the abrasive layer is typically in a range of from at least 1,000, 10,000, or even at least 20,000 abrasive composites per square inch (for example, at least 150, 1,500, or even 7,800 abrasive composites per square centimeter) up to and including 50,000, 70,000, or even as many as 100,000 abrasive composites per square inch (up to and including 7,800, 11,000, or even as many as 15,000 abrasive composites per square centimeter), although greater or lesser densities of abrasive composites may also be used.
  • Structured abrasive layers may be prepared by coating a slurry comprising a polymerizable binder precursor, abrasive particles, and an optional silane coupling agent through a screen that is in contact with the elastic polyurethane film, or extensible tie layer).
  • the slurry is typically then further polymerized (for example, by exposure to an energy source such as heat or electromagnetic radiation) while it is present in the openings of the screen thereby forming a plurality of shaped abrasive composites generally corresponding in shape to the screen openings. Further details concerning this type of screen coated structured abrasive may be found, for example, in U.S. Pat. Nos.
  • a slurry comprising a polymerizable binder precursor, abrasive particles, and an optional silane coupling agent may be deposited on the elastic polyurethane film, or extensible tie layer in a patterned manner (for example, by screen or gravure printing), partially polymerized to render at least the surface of the coated slurry plastic but non-flowing, a pattern embossed upon the partially polymerized slurry formulation, and subsequently further polymerized (for example, by exposure to an energy source) to form a plurality of shaped abrasive composites affixed to the elastic polyurethane film, or extensible tie layer. Further details concerning this and related methods are described, for example, in U.S. Pat. Appl. Pub. No. 2001/0041511 (Lack et al.).
  • Useful polymerizable binder precursors that may be cured to form the above- mentioned binders are well-known and include, for example, thermally curable resins and radiation curable resins, which may be cured, for example, thermally and/or by exposure to radiation energy.
  • Exemplary polymerizable binder precursors include phenolic resins, aminoplast resins, urea-formaldehyde resins, melamine-formaldehyde resins, urethane resins, polyacrylates (e.
  • polymerizable binder precursors may contain one or more reactive diluents (for example, low viscosity monoacrylates) and/or adhesion promoting monomers (for example, acrylic acid or methacrylic acid). If either ultraviolet radiation or visible radiation is to be used, the polymerizable binder precursor typically further comprises a photoinitiator.
  • photoinitiators that generate a free radical source include, but are not limited to, organic peroxides, azo compounds, quinones, benzophenones, nitroso compounds, acyl halides, hydrazones, mercapto compounds, pyrylium compounds, triacrylimidazoles, bisimidazoles, phosphene oxides, chloroalkyltriazines, benzoin ethers, benzil ketals, thioxanthones, acetophenone derivatives, and combinations thereof.
  • Cationic photoinitiators generate an acid source to initiate the polymerization of an epoxy resin.
  • Cationic photoinitiators can include a salt having an onium cation and a halogen containing a complex anion of a metal or metalloid.
  • Other cationic photoinitiators include a salt having an organometallic complex cation and a halogen containing complex anion of a metal or metalloid. These are further described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,751,138.
  • Another example of a cationic photoinitiator is an organometallic salt and an onium salt described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,985,340 and European Pat. Appl. Publ. Nos. 306,161 and 306,162.
  • Still other cationic photoinitiators include an ionic salt of an organometallic complex in which the metal is selected from the elements of Periodic Group IVB, VB, VIB, VIIB and VIIIB.
  • the polymerizable binder precursor may also comprise resins that are curable by sources of energy other than radiation energy, such as condensation curable resins. Examples of such condensation curable resins include phenolic resins, melamme- formaldehyde resins, and urea-formaldehyde resins.
  • the binder precursor and binder may include one or more optional additives selected from the group consisting of grinding aids, fillers, wetting agents, chemical blowing agents, surfactants, pigments, coupling agents, dyes, initiators, energy receptors, and mixtures thereof.
  • the optional additives may also be selected from the group consisting of potassium fluoroborate, lithium stearate, glass bubbles, inflatable bubbles, glass beads, cryolite, polyurethane particles, polysiloxane gum, polymeric particles, solid waxes, liquid waxes and mixtures thereof.
  • Abrasive particles useful in the present invention can generally be divided into two classes: natural abrasives and manufactured abrasives.
  • useful natural abrasives include: diamond, corundum, emery, garnet (off-red color), buhrstone, chert, quartz, garnet, emery, sandstone, chalcedony, flint, quartzite, silica, feldspar, natural crushed aluminum oxide, pumice and talc.
  • Examples of manufactured abrasives include: boron carbide, cubic boron nitride, fused alumina, ceramic aluminum oxide, heat treated aluminum oxide (both brown and dark grey), fused alumina zirconia, glass, glass ceramics, silicon carbide, iron oxides, tantalum carbide, chromia, cerium oxide, tin oxide, titanium carbide, titanium diboride, synthetic diamond, manganese dioxide, zirconium oxide, sol gel alumina-based ceramics, silicon nitride, and agglomerates thereof.
  • sol gel abrasive particles can be found in U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,314,827 (Leitheiser et al); 4,623,364 (Cottringer et al); 4,744,802 (Schwabel); 4,770,671 (Monroe et al.) and
  • the size of an abrasive particle is typically specified to be the longest dimension of the abrasive particle. In most cases there will be a range distribution of particle sizes.
  • the particle size distribution may be tightly controlled such that the resulting abrasive article provides a consistent surface finish on the workpiece being abraded, however, broad and/or polymodal particle size distributions may also be used.
  • the abrasive particle may also have a shape associated with it. Examples of such shapes include rods, triangles, pyramids, cones, solid spheres, hollow spheres and the like.
  • the abrasive particle may be randomly shaped.
  • Abrasive particles can be coated with materials to provide the particles with desired characteristics.
  • materials applied to the surface of an abrasive particle have been shown to improve the adhesion between the abrasive particle and the polymer.
  • a material applied to the surface of an abrasive particle may improve the adhesion of the abrasive particles in the softened particulate curable binder material.
  • surface coatings can alter and improve the cutting characteristics of the resulting abrasive particle. Such surface coatings are described, for example, in U.S. Pat. Nos.
  • the abrasive particles have a particle size ranging from 0.1 micrometer to 1500 micrometers, more typically ranging from 0.1 micrometer to 1300 micrometers. In some embodiments, the abrasive particles have a size within a range of from JIS grade 600 (18 micrometers at 50% midpoint) to JIS grade 4000 (3 micrometers at 50% midpoint) or even JIS grade 8000 (1.5 micrometers at 50% midpoint), inclusive.
  • the abrasive particles used in the present invention have a Moh's hardness of at least 8, more typically above 9; however, abrasive particles having a Moh's hardness of less than 8 may be used.
  • at least one of the compressible backing, elastic polyurethane film, extensible tie layer, and abrasive layer is foraminous. This may be accomplished by a suitable means, including, for example, die cutting or perforating, needlepunching, or any or all of the aforementioned components of the flexible abrasive article; or, for example, as in the case of the abrasive layer by providing the abrasive layer with openings by a suitable coating method, such as described in U.S. Pat. No. 6,923,840 (Schutz et al.).
  • channels may be embossed into at least the abrasive layer to facilitate fluid transport and/or swarf removal.
  • U.S. Publ. Pat. Appl. No. 2003/0150169 Al (Annen) describes such embossing techniques.
  • the compressible backing, elastic polyurethane film, extensible tie layer, and abrasive layer may be foraminous and interrelated such that there exist a plurality of continuous pores that extend from the second major surface of the compressible backing through the abrasive layer.
  • flexible abrasive articles according to the present invention may be embossed, for example, to create a pattern of higher and lower areas that would facilitate swarf removal during use.
  • Flexible abrasive articles according to the present invention may be secured to a support structure, commonly referred to as a backup pad.
  • the flexible abrasive article may be secured by means of, for example, a pressure sensitive adhesive, hook and loop attachment, or some other mechanical means.
  • flexible abrasive articles according to the present invention may further comprise an attachment system affixed to the second major surface of the compressible backing.
  • the attachment system is typically designed to secure the flexible abrasive article to a tool (optionally having a back up pad mounted thereto) such as, for example, a rotary sander.
  • the attachment system comprises a layer of pressure sensitive adhesive, typically made by applying a layer of pressure sensitive adhesive to the second major surface of the compressible backing.
  • pressure sensitive adhesives for this layer include, for example, acrylic polymers and copolymers (for example, polybutyl acrylate), vinyl ethers, for example, polyvinyl n-butyl ether, vinyl acetate adhesives, alkyd adhesives, rubber adhesives, for example, natural rubber, synthetic rubber, chlorinated rubber, and mixtures thereof.
  • One preferred pressure sensitive adhesive is an isooctyl acrylateracrylic acid copolymer.
  • the pressure sensitive adhesive may be coated out of organic solvent, water or be coated as a hot melt adhesive.
  • the attachment system comprises a quick connect mechanical fastener such as, for example, those described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,562,968 (Johnson et al.); 3,667,170 (Mackay, Jr.); 3,270,467; and 3,562,968 (Block et al); and in commonly assigned U.S. Ser. No. 10/828,119 (Fritz et al), filed April 20, 2004.
  • the attachment system comprises a loop substrate.
  • the purpose of the loop substrate is to provide a means that the flexible abrasive article can be securely engaged with hooks from a support pad.
  • the loop substrate may be laminated to the coated abrasive backing by any conventional means.
  • the loop substrate may be a chenille stitched loop, a stitchbonded loop substrate or a brushed loop substrate (for example, brushed nylon). Examples of typical loop backings are further described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,609,581 and 5,254, 194 (both to Ott).
  • the loop substrate may also contain a sealing coat to seal the loop substrate and prevent subsequent coatings from penetrating into the loop substrate.
  • the attachment system comprises an intermeshing attachment system.
  • An example of such an attachment system may be found in U.S. Publ. Pat. Appln. No. 2003/0143938 (Braunschweig et al.).
  • the back side of the abrasive article may contain a plurality of hooks; these hooks are typically in the form of sheet like substrate having a plurality of hooks protruding therefrom, for example, as described in 5,672,186 (Chesley et al.). These hooks will then provide the engagement between the coated abrasive article and a support pad that contains a loop fabric.
  • This hook substrate may be laminated to the coated abrasive backing by any conventional means.
  • Flexible abrasive articles may generally be made by: providing a compressible backing with first and second opposed major surfaces; affixing an elastic polyurethane film to at least a portion of the first major surface of the compressible backing; and affixing an abrasive layer to the elastic polyurethane film, wherein the abrasive layer comprises abrasive particles in a binder.
  • the surface of the elastic polyurethane film may be surface treated to enhance adhesion as discussed hereinabove.
  • flexible abrasive articles according to the present invention may generally be made by affixing the extensible tie layer to the elastic polyurethane film, and then affixing the abrasive layer to the extensible tie layer.
  • Affixing the various components may be accomplished by any suitable means such as, for example, an adhesive (for example, hot melt or pressure sensitive), glue, mechanical fasteners, coextrusion, by heat and/or pressure laminating, or any other suitable method.
  • adhesives include, for example, acrylic pressure sensitive adhesive, rubber- based PSA, waterborne lattices, solvent-based adhesives, and two-part resins (for example, epoxies, polyesters, or polyurethanes).
  • Suitable pressure sensitive adhesives include acrylate polymers (for example, polybutyl acrylate), acrylate copolymers (for example, isooctyl acrylate/acrylic acid), vinyl ethers (for example, polyvinyl n-butyl ether), alkyd adhesives, rubber adhesives (for example, natural rubbers, synthetic rubbers and chlorinated rubbers), and mixtures thereof.
  • acrylate polymers for example, polybutyl acrylate
  • acrylate copolymers for example, isooctyl acrylate/acrylic acid
  • vinyl ethers for example, polyvinyl n-butyl ether
  • alkyd adhesives for example, rubber adhesives (for example, natural rubbers, synthetic rubbers and chlorinated rubbers), and mixtures thereof.
  • An example of a pressure sensitive adhesive coating is described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,520,957 (Bange et al.).
  • Adhesives may be applied by any suitable means including, for example, roll coating, brushing, extrusion, spraying, bar coating, and knife coating.
  • the abrasive layer may be affixed to the optional extensible tie layer or elastic polyurethane film by coating and curing an abrasive layer precursor thereon. Details concerning such procedures are discussed hereinabove.
  • a structured abrasive layer is affixed to either of the optional extensible tie layer or elastic polyurethane film according to the procedures of U.S. Pat. No. 6,929,539 (Schutz et al.).
  • the procedure involves applying a curable composition comprising abrasive particles and a polymerizable binder precursor.
  • the curable composition is capable of being cured by radiation energy (for example, ultraviolet or visible light, or e- beam radiation).
  • the polymerizable binder precursor can polymerize, for example, via a free radical mechanism or a cationic mechanism.
  • radiation energy is transmitted through the production tool and into the mixture to at least partially cure the curable composition.
  • partial cure means that the binder precursor is polymerized to such a state that the resulting mixture releases from the production tool.
  • the binder precursor can be further cured once it is removed from the production tool by any energy source, such as, for example, thermal energy or radiation energy.
  • the binder precursor can also be further cured before the shaped, handleable structure is removed from the production tool.
  • Useful sources of radiation energy for this invention include, for example, electron beam, ultraviolet light, and visible light. Other sources of radiation energy include infrared and microwave. Thermal energy can also be used.
  • Electron beam radiation which is also known as ionizing radiation, can be used at a dosage of 0.1 to 10 Mrad, preferably at a dosage of 1 to 10 Mrad.
  • Ultraviolet radiation refers to non-particulate radiation having a wavelength, within the range of 200 to 400 nanometers, preferably within the range of 250 to 400 nanometers. It is preferred that ultraviolet radiation be provided by ultraviolet lamps operating in a range of 100 to 300 Watts/cm. Visible radiation refers to non- particulate radiation having a wavelength within the range of 400 to 800 nanometers, for example, within the range of 400 to 550 nanometers.
  • radiation energy is transmitted through the production tool and directly into the mixture. It is desirable that the material from which the production tool is made not absorb an appreciable amount of radiation energy or be degraded by radiation energy. If ultraviolet radiation or visible radiation is used, the production tool material should transmit sufficient ultraviolet or visible radiation, respectively, to bring the desired level of cure.
  • the production tool should be operated at a velocity that is sufficient to avoid degradation by the source of radiation.
  • Production tools that have relatively high resistance to degradation by the source of radiation can be operated at relatively lower velocities; production tools that have relatively low resistance to degradation by the source of radiation can be operated at relatively higher velocities.
  • the appropriate velocity for the production tool depends on the material from which the production tool is made.
  • the production tool can be in the form of a belt, for example, an endless belt, a sheet, a continuous sheet or web, a coating roll, a sleeve mounted on a coating roll, or die.
  • the surface of the production tool that will come into contact with the mixture has a topography or pattern.
  • This surface is referred to herein as the "contacting surface.” If the production tool is in the form of a belt, sheet, web, or sleeve, it will have a contacting surface and a non-contacting surface. If the production tool is in the form of a coating roll, it will have a contacting surface only.
  • the topography of the abrasive article formed by the method of this invention will have the inverse of the pattern of the contacting surface of the production tool.
  • the pattern of the contacting surface of the production tool will generally be characterized by a plurality of cavities or recesses. The opening of these cavities can have any shape, regular or irregular, such as a rectangle, semicircle, circle, triangle, square, hexagon, octagon, etc.
  • the walls of the cavities can be vertical or tapered.
  • the pattern formed by the cavities can be arranged according to a specified plan or can be random. The cavities can butt up against one another.
  • Thermoplastic materials that can be used to construct the production tool include polyesters, polycarbonates, poly(ether sulfone), poly(methyl methacrylate), polyurethanes, polyvinylchloride, polyolefins, polystyrene, or combinations thereof.
  • Thermoplastic materials can include additives such as plasticizers, free radical scavengers or stabilizers, thermal stabilizers, antioxidants, and ultraviolet radiation absorbers. These materials are substantially transparent to ultraviolet and visible radiation.
  • One type of production tool is described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,435,816 (Spurgeon et al.). Examples of materials forming the production tool include polycarbonate and polyester. The material forming the production tool should exhibit low surface energy.
  • the material of low surface energy improves ease of release of the abrasive article from the production tool.
  • materials suitable include polypropylene and polyethylene.
  • the operating conditions for making the abrasive article should be set such that excessive heat is not generated. If excessive heat is generated, this may distort or melt the thermoplastic tooling. In some instances, ultraviolet light generates heat. It should also be noted that a tool consisting of a single layer is also acceptable, and is the tool of choice in many instances.
  • a thermoplastic production tool can be made according to the procedure described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,435,816 (Spurgeon et al.).
  • Flexible abrasive articles according to the present invention may be manufactured to have any form.
  • the flexible abrasive article may have the form of a circular abrasive pad (for example, shown as 300 in Fig. 3). Referring to Fig. 3, pores 302 in foraminous abrasive layer 14Od, permit liquid to penetrate abrasive layer 140,
  • Foraminous elastic polyurethane film 120a is affixed to porous compressible backing 110a.
  • Optional foraminous extensible tie layer 130 is affixed to at least a portion of foraminous elastic polyurethane film 120.
  • Abrasive layer 14Od is affixed to at least a portion of extensible tie layer 130a, if present, or at least a portion of elastic polyurethane film 120a if extensible tie layer 130a is not present.
  • Loops 350 affixed to compressible backing 110a provide an attachment system.
  • Flexible abrasive articles according to the present invention may also have forms such as, for example, a rectangular abrasive pad (for example, as shown as 400 in Fig. 4), or an abrasive belt (for example, as shown as 500 in Fig. 5).
  • the compressible backing comprises a multiplicity of separated resilient bodies connected to each other in a generally planar array in a pattern, which provides open spaces between adjacent connected bodies, each body having a first and second opposed surfaces.
  • Figs. 6A and 6B illustrate a flexible abrasive product 600 according to one such embodiment, and which is suitable for use as a sanding cloth.
  • flexible abrasive product 600 includes compressible backing 610 (shown in perspective in Fig. 6B), which comprises resilient bodies 612, each of which includes a first surface 622 which is convex or domed and a second surface 618.
  • Elastic polyurethane film 620 is affixed to first surfaces 622.
  • Optional extensible tie layer 630 is affixed to elastic polyurethane film 620, and abrasive layer 640 is affixed to optional extensible tie layer 630, if present, or elastic polyurethane film 620 if extensible tie layer 630 is not present.
  • Such compressible backings 610 may be formed, for example, by dipping a scrim into a liquid, which is curable to form a foam, and curing by placing the dipped scrim in an oven, which causes the composition to expand and solidify.
  • the scrim may be made of natural or synthetic fibers, which may be either knitted or woven in a network having intermittent openings spaced along the surface of the scrim.
  • the scrim need not be woven in a uniform pattern but may also include a nonwoven random pattern.
  • the openings may either be in a pattern or randomly spaced.
  • the scrim network openings may be rectangular or they may have other shapes including a diamond shape, a triangular shape, an octagonal shape or a combination of these shapes.
  • the scrim comprises a first set of rows of separated fibers deployed in a first direction and a second set of fibers deployed in a second direction to provide a grid including multiple adjacent openings wherein resilient bodies are located in alternate openings with openings between resilient bodies being devoid of resilient bodies, although this is not a requirement.
  • the scrim may also comprise an open mesh selected from the group consisting of woven or knitted fiber mesh, synthetic fiber mesh, natural fiber mesh, metal fiber mesh, molded thermoplastic polymer mesh, molded thermoset polymer mesh, perforated sheet materials, slit and stretched sheet materials and combinations thereof.
  • composition of the resilient bodies may either be foamed or non-foamed and may be composed of any of a variety of elastomeric materials including, but not limited to, polyurethane resins, polyvinyl chloride resins, ethylene vinyl acetate resins, synthetic or natural rubber compositions, acrylate resins, and/or other suitable elastomeric resin compositions.
  • the compressible backing is characterized by having openness between resilient bodies to provide a cumulative openness as compared to the total area of the resilient body on the order of 20% to 80%, more typically, between 30% to 60%.
  • the compressible backing may have a sufficient thickness to make it convenient for being hand held.
  • the thickness is measured between the highest point of the first major surface of the resilient body to the second surface of the resilient body.
  • the thickness typically is between 1 millimeter and 15 millimeters, more typically 3 millimeters to 10 millimeters, although other thicknesses may also be used.
  • the body may be any convenient geometric shape including, but not limited to, square, rectangular, triangular, circular, and in the shape of a polygon.
  • the resilient bodies are typically uniform in shape, but they need not be.
  • the resilient bodies may be aligned in rows longitudinally and in a transverse direction but for some applications it may be preferable that they not be aligned because in sanding operations where the abrasive product is moved in only one direction, for example, the longitudinal direction, longitudinally aligned abrasive covered resilient bodies could produce an unwanted scratch pattern in the surface being abraded.
  • the dimensions of the resilient bodies may vary from 2 millimeters to 25 millimeters, more typically from 5 millimeters to 10 millimeters.
  • the dimensions are intended to include the widths in the longitudinal or transverse direction or the maximum dimension of the body when measured from one side to the other notwithstanding any direction.
  • the openings in the compressible backing are generally individually smaller than the adjacent resilient body and may have dimensions on the order of 2 millimeters to 25 millimeters, preferably of 5 millimeters to 10 millimeters.
  • the openings may be somewhat rectangular, if the resilient bodies are rectangular or they may take any other configuration depending on the shape of the adjacent resilient bodies.
  • the shape of the openings is typically defined by the shape of the edges of the resilient bodies.
  • the resilient bodies and the openings are generally uniformly distributed throughout the entire area of the flexible abrasive product of the invention but this is not necessary in all cases.
  • Exemplary compressible backings according to this embodiment are well known, for example, as commercially available under the trade designations 1 OMNI-GRIP", “MAXI-GRIP”, “ULTRA GRIP”, “EIRE-GRIP”, and “LOC-GRIP” from Griptex Industries, Inc. of Calhoun, Georgia, or made according to U.S. Pat. No. 5,707,903 (Schottenfeld).
  • each the elastic polyurethane film, extensible tie layer, and abrasive layer may form continuous uninterrupted layers or may having openings therethrough, the openings in the film generally corresponding in position to openings in the compressible backing.
  • Flexible abrasive articles may be used, for example, by hand or in combination with a power tool such as for example, a rotary sander or belt sander. Flexible abrasive articles according to the present invention are useful for abrading
  • a method that includes: providing a flexible abrasive article according to the present invention; frictionally contacting at least one abrasive particle with a workpiece; and moving at least one of the abrasive particle and the workpiece relative to the other to abrade at least a portion of the surface of the workpiece.
  • the abrasive article may oscillate at the abrading interface during use.
  • the workpiece can be any of a variety of types of material such as painted substrates (for example, having a clear coat, base (color) coat, primer or e-primer), coated substrates (for example, with polyurethane, lacquer, etc.), plastics (thermoplastic, thermosetting), reinforced plastics, metal, (carbon steel, brass, copper, mild steel, stainless steel, titanium and the like) metal alloys, ceramics, glass, wood, wood-like materials, composites, stones (including gem stones), stone-like materials, and combinations thereof.
  • the workpiece may be flat or may have a shape or contour associated with it.
  • Examples of common workpieces that may be polished by the abrasive article of the invention include metal or wooden furniture, painted or unpainted motor vehicle surfaces (car doors, hoods, trunks, etc.), plastic automotive components (headlamp covers, tail-lamp covers, other lamp covers, arm rests, instrument panels, bumpers, etc.), flooring (vinyl, stone, wood and wood-like materials), counter tops, and other plastic components.
  • the liquid may comprise water, an organic compound, additives such as defoamers, degreasers, liquids, soaps, corrosion inhibitors, and the like, and combinations thereof.
  • additives such as defoamers, degreasers, liquids, soaps, corrosion inhibitors, and the like, and combinations thereof.
  • AS6 silicon dioxide available under the trade designation "AEROSIL OX-50” from Degussa Corp., Dusseldorf, Germany.
  • AS8 green silicon carbide abrasive particles having a JIS grade size of 800 and an average particle size of 14 micrometers at 50% point, available under the trade designation "FUJIMI GC 800" from Fujimi Abrasives Company, Elmhurst, Illinois.
  • a layer of transfer adhesive commercially available under the trade designation "HS300LSE” from 3M Company, St. Paul, Minnesota, was applied to one surface of a 2.3 mm thick open cell polyurethane foam, commercially available under the trade designation "R600U” from Illbruck, Inc., Minneapolis, Minnesota.
  • a polypropylene- laminated loop material, part of a hook and loop mechanical fastener system was then laminated to the transfer adhesive with the loops outwardly disposed.
  • Another layer of the transfer adhesive was applied to the opposing surface of the foam and a 0.8 mil (203 micrometer) thick polyurethane elastomeric transfer film, commercially available under the trade designation "TEGADERM", from 3M Company, was laminated to the transfer adhesive.
  • the release layer was removed from the TEGADERM film, exposing the adhesive surface.
  • An abrasive slurry was made by mixing until homogeneous, at 20 0 C, 14.0 parts of ASl, 14.0 parts of AS2, 4.0 parts of AS3, 3.0 parts of AS4, 1.0 parts of AS5, 7.0 parts of AS6, and 57.0 parts of AS8.
  • the slurry was applied via knife coating to a polypropylene production tool having a uniformly distributed array of three-sided pyramids with a peak height of 178 micrometers, shown in Figs. 7A-7C.
  • the coated production tool was applied to the exposed adhesive face of the TEGADERM film.
  • the production tool was then irradiated with an ultraviolet (UV) lamp, type "D” bulb, from Fusion Systems Inc., Gaithersburg, Maryland, at 600 Watts per inch (236 Watts per cm) while moving the web at 30 feet per minute (9.14 meters/minute), and a nip pressure of 90 pounds per square inch (620.5 kilopascals (kPa)) for a 10 inch (25.4 cm) wide web.
  • UV ultraviolet
  • the production tool was then separated from substantially cured shaped abrasive coating, and flexible abrasive discs, 6-inch (15.2-cm) diameter, were then die cut from the abrasive material.
  • Example 2 was carried out according to the method described in Example 1 , except that the flexible abrasive material was subsequently perforated by needle-tacking with a punch density of 53 perforations per square inch (8.2 perforations per cm ⁇ ) using needles designated as "15x18x25x3.5 RB" available from Foster Needle Co., Inc., Manitowoc, Wisconsin. The perforations were made from the abrasive side down through the attachment system.
  • a 6-inch (15.2 cm) abrasive foam disc commercially available under the trade designation "443SA TRIZACT HOOKIT II BLENDING DISC PlOOO" from 3M
  • Comparative Example A is similar to Example 2, except the attachment layer is the hook component of a hook and loop mechanical fastener system, and it does not have does it have a polymeric transfer film.
  • Abrasive performance testing was performed using 18 inches by 24 inches (45.7 cm by 61 cm) clear coated black painted cold roll steel test panels, obtained from ACT Laboratories, Inc., Hillsdale, Michigan, as the sanding substrate. Sanding was performed using a random orbit sander, model number "59025" obtained from Dynabrade, Inc., Clarence, New York, operating at a line pressure of 40 pounds per square inch (258 kilopascals (kPa)).
  • flexible abrasive discs prepared according to Examples 1 through 5 were attached to a 6-inch (15.2 cm) interface pad, which was then attached to a 6-inch (15.2 cm) backup pad, both commercially available under the trade designations "HOOKIT INTERFACE PAD, PART NO.
  • Comparative Example A was similarly attached to a 6-inch (15.2 cm) "HOOKIT II" type interface pad and backup pad, part numbers "05774" and "05274", respectively.
  • Each test panel was divided into four 18" (45.7 cm) long lanes, each lane being 6 inches (15.2 cm) wide.
  • Each abrasive disc was tested by damp-sanding (with water) for 30 seconds in a single lane. The test panel was weighed before and after sanding of each lane. The difference in mass is the measured cut, reported as grams per 30 seconds. After sanding, the average surface finish (R 2 ) in micrometers ( ⁇ m) of each lane was measured using a profilometer available under the trade designation "SURTRONIC 3+
  • PROFILOMETER from Taylor Hobson, Inc., Leicester, England.
  • R 2 is the average of 5 individual measurements of the vertical distance between the highest point and the lowest point over the sample length of an individual profilometer measurement. Five finish measurements were made per lane. Four abrasive discs were tested per Lot and the results are reported as average of all four abrasive discs, such that the reported cut is the average of four measurements and the reported finish is the average of 20 measurements. The sanding results are reported in Table 1 (below).
  • Test panels were damp sanded by hand, using finger-point pressure to contact the abrasive disc to the test panel, using abrasive discs of Examples 1 and 2, and Comparative A.
  • the sanding action was linear.
  • Comparative A developed a hole, approximately 0.5 inches (12.7 mm) in diameter, in the abrasive and foam backing. Upon further sanding, this hole continued to expand.
  • Example 1 nor Example 2 showed any degradation or wear.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Polishing Bodies And Polishing Tools (AREA)

Abstract

L’invention concerne un article flexible abrasif comprenant un support compressible ayant une première et une seconde surfaces principales opposées ; un film de polyuréthane élastique fixé sur au moins une partie de la première surface principale du support compressible ; une éventuelle couche de liaison extensible fixée sur au moins une partie du film de polyuréthane élastique ; et une couche abrasive fixée sur au moins une partie de l’éventuelle couche de liaison extensible ou du film de polyuréthane élastique, ladite couche abrasive comprenant des particules abrasives et un liant. L’invention concerne également des procédés de fabrication et d’utilisation de l’article flexible abrasif.
PCT/US2006/036160 2005-09-22 2006-09-18 Article flexible abrasif et ses procedes de fabrication et d’utilisation WO2007038037A1 (fr)

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