WO2007036494A2 - Agrochemische formulierung umfassend wirkstoffhaltige polymerteilchen - Google Patents
Agrochemische formulierung umfassend wirkstoffhaltige polymerteilchen Download PDFInfo
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- WO2007036494A2 WO2007036494A2 PCT/EP2006/066663 EP2006066663W WO2007036494A2 WO 2007036494 A2 WO2007036494 A2 WO 2007036494A2 EP 2006066663 W EP2006066663 W EP 2006066663W WO 2007036494 A2 WO2007036494 A2 WO 2007036494A2
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- XRJLAOUDSILTFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyroquilon Chemical compound O=C1CCC2=CC=CC3=C2N1CC3 XRJLAOUDSILTFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003233 pyrroles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- FFSSWMQPCJRCRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N quinclorac Chemical compound ClC1=CN=C2C(C(=O)O)=C(Cl)C=CC2=C1 FFSSWMQPCJRCRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WRPIRSINYZBGPK-UHFFFAOYSA-N quinoxyfen Chemical compound C1=CC(F)=CC=C1OC1=CC=NC2=CC(Cl)=CC(Cl)=C12 WRPIRSINYZBGPK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ABOOPXYCKNFDNJ-SNVBAGLBSA-N quizalofop-P Chemical compound C1=CC(O[C@H](C)C(O)=O)=CC=C1OC1=CN=C(C=C(Cl)C=C2)C2=N1 ABOOPXYCKNFDNJ-SNVBAGLBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OSUHJPCHFDQAIT-GFCCVEGCSA-N quizalofop-P-ethyl Chemical group C1=CC(O[C@H](C)C(=O)OCC)=CC=C1OC1=CN=C(C=C(Cl)C=C2)C2=N1 OSUHJPCHFDQAIT-GFCCVEGCSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BBKDWPHJZANJGB-IKJXHCRLSA-N quizalofop-P-tefuryl Chemical group O=C([C@H](OC=1C=CC(OC=2N=C3C=CC(Cl)=CC3=NC=2)=CC=1)C)OCC1CCCO1 BBKDWPHJZANJGB-IKJXHCRLSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003254 radicals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000018 receptor agonist Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940044601 receptor agonist Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000002464 receptor antagonist Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940044551 receptor antagonist Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940043267 rhodamine b Drugs 0.000 description 1
- MEFOUWRMVYJCQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N rimsulfuron Chemical compound CCS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=CN=C1S(=O)(=O)NC(=O)NC1=NC(OC)=CC(OC)=N1 MEFOUWRMVYJCQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BUHNESFUCHPWED-UHFFFAOYSA-N s-[(4-methoxyphenyl)methyl] n,n-diethylcarbamothioate Chemical compound CCN(CC)C(=O)SCC1=CC=C(OC)C=C1 BUHNESFUCHPWED-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000012045 salad Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- ODCWYMIRDDJXKW-UHFFFAOYSA-N simazine Chemical compound CCNC1=NC(Cl)=NC(NCC)=N1 ODCWYMIRDDJXKW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HKAMKLBXTLTVCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N simeton Chemical compound CCNC1=NC(NCC)=NC(OC)=N1 HKAMKLBXTLTVCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229940125794 sodium channel blocker Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000003195 sodium channel blocking agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019333 sodium laurylsulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 159000000000 sodium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- DEWVPZYHFVYXMZ-QCILGFJPSA-M sodium;(3ar,4as,8ar,8bs)-2,2,7,7-tetramethyl-4a,5,8a,8b-tetrahydro-[1,3]dioxolo[3,4]furo[1,3-d][1,3]dioxine-3a-carboxylate Chemical compound [Na+].O([C@H]12)C(C)(C)OC[C@@H]1O[C@]1(C([O-])=O)[C@H]2OC(C)(C)O1 DEWVPZYHFVYXMZ-QCILGFJPSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 235000013599 spices Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940014213 spinosad Drugs 0.000 description 1
- DTDSAWVUFPGDMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N spirodiclofen Chemical compound CCC(C)(C)C(=O)OC1=C(C=2C(=CC(Cl)=CC=2)Cl)C(=O)OC11CCCCC1 DTDSAWVUFPGDMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GOLXNESZZPUPJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N spiromesifen Chemical compound CC1=CC(C)=CC(C)=C1C(C(O1)=O)=C(OC(=O)CC(C)(C)C)C11CCCC1 GOLXNESZZPUPJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001694 spray drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000021012 strawberries Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229960005322 streptomycin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- PQTBTIFWAXVEPB-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulcotrione Chemical compound ClC1=CC(S(=O)(=O)C)=CC=C1C(=O)C1C(=O)CCCC1=O PQTBTIFWAXVEPB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OORLZFUTLGXMEF-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfentrazone Chemical compound O=C1N(C(F)F)C(C)=NN1C1=CC(NS(C)(=O)=O)=C(Cl)C=C1Cl OORLZFUTLGXMEF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- JXHJNEJVUNHLKO-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulprofos Chemical compound CCCSP(=S)(OCC)OC1=CC=C(SC)C=C1 JXHJNEJVUNHLKO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001059 synthetic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- UJMBCXLDXJUMFB-GLCFPVLVSA-K tartrazine Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]C(=O)C1=NN(C=2C=CC(=CC=2)S([O-])(=O)=O)C(=O)C1\N=N\C1=CC=C(S([O-])(=O)=O)C=C1 UJMBCXLDXJUMFB-GLCFPVLVSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 235000012756 tartrazine Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004149 tartrazine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005936 tau-Fluvalinate Substances 0.000 description 1
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- IROINLKCQGIITA-UHFFFAOYSA-N terbutryn Chemical compound CCNC1=NC(NC(C)(C)C)=NC(SC)=N1 IROINLKCQGIITA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FZXISNSWEXTPMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N terbutylazine Chemical compound CCNC1=NC(Cl)=NC(NC(C)(C)C)=N1 FZXISNSWEXTPMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OPQYOFWUFGEMRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl 2,2-dimethylpropaneperoxoate Chemical compound CC(C)(C)OOC(=O)C(C)(C)C OPQYOFWUFGEMRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ISIJQEHRDSCQIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl 2,7-diazaspiro[4.5]decane-7-carboxylate Chemical compound C1N(C(=O)OC(C)(C)C)CCCC11CNCC1 ISIJQEHRDSCQIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DPOWHSMECVNHAT-YERPJTIDSA-N tetcyclacis Chemical compound C1=CC(Cl)=CC=C1N1[C@H]2[C@H]([C@@H]3[C@H]4N=N3)C[C@H]4[C@H]2N=N1 DPOWHSMECVNHAT-YERPJTIDSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UBCKGWBNUIFUST-YHYXMXQVSA-N tetrachlorvinphos Chemical compound COP(=O)(OC)O\C(=C/Cl)C1=CC(Cl)=C(Cl)C=C1Cl UBCKGWBNUIFUST-YHYXMXQVSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LITQZINTSYBKIU-UHFFFAOYSA-F tetracopper;hexahydroxide;sulfate Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[Cu+2].[Cu+2].[Cu+2].[Cu+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O LITQZINTSYBKIU-UHFFFAOYSA-F 0.000 description 1
- 239000004308 thiabendazole Substances 0.000 description 1
- WJCNZQLZVWNLKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiabendazole Chemical compound S1C=NC(C=2NC3=CC=CC=C3N=2)=C1 WJCNZQLZVWNLKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000010296 thiabendazole Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229960004546 thiabendazole Drugs 0.000 description 1
- NWWZPOKUUAIXIW-FLIBITNWSA-N thiamethoxam Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)\N=C/1N(C)COCN\1CC1=CN=C(Cl)S1 NWWZPOKUUAIXIW-FLIBITNWSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000437 thiazol-2-yl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])N=C(*)S1 0.000 description 1
- 125000004495 thiazol-4-yl group Chemical group S1C=NC(=C1)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000004496 thiazol-5-yl group Chemical group S1C=NC=C1* 0.000 description 1
- LOQQVLXUKHKNIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N thifensulfuron Chemical compound COC1=NC(C)=NC(NC(=O)NS(=O)(=O)C2=C(SC=C2)C(O)=O)=N1 LOQQVLXUKHKNIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WOSNCVAPUOFXEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N thifluzamide Chemical compound S1C(C)=NC(C(F)(F)F)=C1C(=O)NC1=C(Br)C=C(OC(F)(F)F)C=C1Br WOSNCVAPUOFXEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SRVJKTDHMYAMHA-WUXMJOGZSA-N thioacetazone Chemical compound CC(=O)NC1=CC=C(\C=N\NC(N)=S)C=C1 SRVJKTDHMYAMHA-WUXMJOGZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960003231 thioacetazone Drugs 0.000 description 1
- DNVLJEWNNDHELH-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiocyclam Chemical compound CN(C)C1CSSSC1 DNVLJEWNNDHELH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BAKXBZPQTXCKRR-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiodicarb Chemical compound CSC(C)=NOC(=O)NSNC(=O)ON=C(C)SC BAKXBZPQTXCKRR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960002447 thiram Drugs 0.000 description 1
- KUAZQDVKQLNFPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiram Chemical compound CN(C)C(=S)SSC(=S)N(C)C KUAZQDVKQLNFPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VJQYLJSMBWXGDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N tiadinil Chemical compound N1=NSC(C(=O)NC=2C=C(Cl)C(C)=CC=2)=C1C VJQYLJSMBWXGDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000010215 titanium dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- OBZIQQJJIKNWNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N tolclofos-methyl Chemical compound COP(=S)(OC)OC1=C(Cl)C=C(C)C=C1Cl OBZIQQJJIKNWNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WPALTCMYPARVNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N tolfenpyrad Chemical compound CCC1=NN(C)C(C(=O)NCC=2C=CC(OC=3C=CC(C)=CC=3)=CC=2)=C1Cl WPALTCMYPARVNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DQFPEYARZIQXRM-LTGZKZEYSA-N tralkoxydim Chemical compound C1C(=O)C(C(/CC)=N/OCC)=C(O)CC1C1=C(C)C=C(C)C=C1C DQFPEYARZIQXRM-LTGZKZEYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YWSCPYYRJXKUDB-KAKFPZCNSA-N tralomethrin Chemical compound CC1(C)[C@@H](C(Br)C(Br)(Br)Br)[C@H]1C(=O)O[C@H](C#N)C1=CC=CC(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=C1 YWSCPYYRJXKUDB-KAKFPZCNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DDVNRFNDOPPVQJ-HQJQHLMTSA-N transfluthrin Chemical compound CC1(C)[C@H](C=C(Cl)Cl)[C@H]1C(=O)OCC1=C(F)C(F)=CC(F)=C1F DDVNRFNDOPPVQJ-HQJQHLMTSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XOPFESVZMSQIKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N triasulfuron Chemical compound COC1=NC(C)=NC(NC(=O)NS(=O)(=O)C=2C(=CC=CC=2)OCCCl)=N1 XOPFESVZMSQIKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003852 triazoles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- BQZXUHDXIARLEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N tribenuron Chemical compound COC1=NC(C)=NC(N(C)C(=O)NS(=O)(=O)C=2C(=CC=CC=2)C(O)=O)=N1 BQZXUHDXIARLEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WCLDITPGPXSPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N tricamba Chemical compound COC1=C(Cl)C=C(Cl)C(Cl)=C1C(O)=O WCLDITPGPXSPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- REEQLXCGVXDJSQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N trichlopyr Chemical compound OC(=O)COC1=NC(Cl)=C(Cl)C=C1Cl REEQLXCGVXDJSQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DQJCHOQLCLEDLL-UHFFFAOYSA-N tricyclazole Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC2=C1N1C=NN=C1S2 DQJCHOQLCLEDLL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HSMVPDGQOIQYSR-KGENOOAVSA-N triflumizole Chemical compound C1=CN=CN1C(/COCCC)=N/C1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1C(F)(F)F HSMVPDGQOIQYSR-KGENOOAVSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XAIPTRIXGHTTNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N triflumuron Chemical compound C1=CC(OC(F)(F)F)=CC=C1NC(=O)NC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1Cl XAIPTRIXGHTTNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AKTQJCBOGPBERP-UHFFFAOYSA-N triflusulfuron Chemical compound FC(F)(F)COC1=NC(N(C)C)=NC(NC(=O)NS(=O)(=O)C=2C(=CC=CC=2C)C(O)=O)=N1 AKTQJCBOGPBERP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RVKCCVTVZORVGD-UHFFFAOYSA-N trinexapac-ethyl Chemical group O=C1CC(C(=O)OCC)CC(=O)C1=C(O)C1CC1 RVKCCVTVZORVGD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KVEQCVKVIFQSGC-UHFFFAOYSA-N tritosulfuron Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C1=NC(OC)=NC(NC(=O)NS(=O)(=O)C=2C(=CC=CC=2)C(F)(F)F)=N1 KVEQCVKVIFQSGC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JARYYMUOCXVXNK-CSLFJTBJSA-N validamycin A Chemical compound N([C@H]1C[C@@H]([C@H]([C@H](O)[C@H]1O)O[C@H]1[C@@H]([C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1)O)CO)[C@H]1C=C(CO)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O JARYYMUOCXVXNK-CSLFJTBJSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000004669 very long chain fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229920003169 water-soluble polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000080 wetting agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000230 xanthan gum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001285 xanthan gum Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000010493 xanthan gum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940082509 xanthan gum Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000008096 xylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- WCJYTPVNMWIZCG-UHFFFAOYSA-N xylylcarb Chemical compound CNC(=O)OC1=CC=C(C)C(C)=C1 WCJYTPVNMWIZCG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005943 zeta-Cypermethrin Substances 0.000 description 1
- DUBNHZYBDBBJHD-UHFFFAOYSA-L ziram Chemical compound [Zn+2].CN(C)C([S-])=S.CN(C)C([S-])=S DUBNHZYBDBBJHD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N25/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests
- A01N25/08—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests containing solids as carriers or diluents
- A01N25/10—Macromolecular compounds
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N25/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests
- A01N25/02—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests containing liquids as carriers, diluents or solvents
- A01N25/04—Dispersions, emulsions, suspoemulsions, suspension concentrates or gels
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N25/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests
- A01N25/12—Powders or granules
Definitions
- Agrochemical formulation comprising drug-containing polymer particles
- the present invention relates to agrochemical formulations comprising active-ingredient-containing polymer particles comprising a vinyl polymer of 10-80% by weight of monomers containing amino and / or carboxyl groups, which is insoluble in one part of the pH range 0-10 and soluble in another part range is, characterized in that the active ingredient-containing polymer particles
- the vinyl polymer is composed of> 50% by weight of polymers having an average molecular weight of ⁇ 100,000 daltons;
- the pesticide is in molecular disperse dissolved form in the polymer.
- the object has been achieved by providing a formulation comprising active-ingredient-containing polymer particles comprising a vinyl polymer of 10-80% by weight of amino and / or carboxyl group-containing monomers which is insoluble in one part of the pH range of 0-10 and in another Partial soluble is characterized in that these active ingredient-containing polymer particles (i) per part by weight of vinyl polymer 3 to 1000 parts by weight of pesticide as
- the vinyl polymer is composed of> 50% by weight of polymers having a molecular weight of less than 100,000 daltons;
- the pesticide is in molecular disperse dissolved form in the polymer.
- average molecular weight means the weight average molecular weight Mw.
- the molecular weight can be determined as described in the Journal of Polymer Science: Part A: Polymer Chemistry, Vol. 27, 1259-1266 (1989).
- active ingredient-containing polymer particles which are composed of more than 40% by weight, preferably 60% by weight, more preferably 80% by weight, very preferably 100% by weight, of the abovementioned vinyl polymers and active ingredients.
- the polymer component consists of the active ingredient-containing polymer particles
- alkyl esters are esters with 1-8 C-atoms in the alkyl radical, in particular methyl and ethyl acrylate and - to name methacrylate.
- Suitable acid monomers B) are acrylic acid and especially methacrylic acid. Other acid monomers are maleic, fumaric and itaconic acids and half esters of these acids. Suitable monomers B) with amino groups are z. B. vinylimidazole, monoalkylamino or dialkylaminoalkyl or alkylamides of polymerizable carboxylic acids, for example dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate.
- vinyl monomers are generally contemplated, e.g. Hydroxyethyl methacrylate or styrene.
- the polymer particles will contain either only basic or only acidic monomers B).
- the quantitative ratio of the monomers A), B) and C) depends on the requirements of the release of the active ingredients.
- active ingredient-containing particles whose polymer components consist only of monomers A) and B), such as e.g. Polymer components of 50% by weight of ethyl acrylate and 50% by weight of methacrylic acid.
- active ingredient-containing polymer particles whose polymer component consists only of methacrylate monomers, e.g. from 40 to 80% by weight of methyl methacrylate and 60 to 20% by weight of methacrylic acid.
- these drug-containing polymer particles consist of a portion of the polymer defined above and 3-1000 parts pesticide, i.
- the polymer particles used here can take up to 1,000 times their own weight of active substance.
- the active ingredient is a solvent or softening agent for the polymer particles.
- the active substance-containing particles dissolve faster in the water with a pH change than the polymer particles without active ingredient.
- the synthesis of the polymer particles is generally carried out by emulsion polymerization by the feed process, as described for example in DE 2135073.
- the size of the particles is most easily controlled by the amount of emulsifier present.
- polymer particles in the range 20nm- 500nm are accessible. Larger particles can be realized by the seed latex method disclosed, for example, in PCTVE P2005 / 003493.
- Carboxyl-containing emulsion polymers are generally mixed with anionic emulsifiers, e.g. Sodium lauryl sulfate prepared, amino group-containing polymers with cationic or nonionic surfactants, such as. ethoxylated fatty alcohols.
- anionic emulsifiers e.g. Sodium lauryl sulfate prepared
- amino group-containing polymers with cationic or nonionic surfactants, such as. ethoxylated fatty alcohols.
- the polymerization is carried out under inert gas, for example nitrogen.
- the initiators used are the systems used in emulsion polymerizations, such as ammonium peroxodisulfate or the sodium salt of 4,4 " -dicyano-4,4 " -azovaleric acid. If you want to control the molecular weight of the polymers by the amount of initiator used, so can org. Peroxides such as t-butyl perpivalate be used in the feed.
- the molecular weight of the polymers is adjusted by means of polymerization regulators such as mercaptans.
- polymerization regulators such as mercaptans.
- alkanethiols and especially esters of thioglycolic acid or mercaptopropionic be mentioned, e.g. 2-ethylhexyl thioglycolate in proportions of 0.1-10% by weight, preferably 0.3-5% by weight, based on the polymer solids.
- the regulation of the molecular weight of the polymers is important for the absorption of large amounts of active ingredient. For this reason, at least a part of the polymer (eg at least 50% by weight or better> 90% by weight should have an average molecular weight of ⁇ 100,000 daltons, preferably an average molecular weight (Mw) ⁇ 30,000, particularly preferably an average molecular weight ⁇ 20,000 daltons when the molecular weight is in the range of 1,000 to 10,000 daltons, and more preferably in the range of 2,000 to 8,000 daltons.
- Mw average molecular weight
- these short chain polymers in combination with the active ingredients, form very stable particles which are exemplified as carboxyl group-containing particles in the acidic region, e.g. pH 2-3, while decaying in the neutral to alkaline range within seconds or fractions of seconds (depending on the size and active content of the particles).
- pesticide here refers to at least one active ingredient selected from the group of insecticides, fungicides, herbicides and / or safeners, growth regulators (see Pesticide Manual, 13th Ed. (2003)). It is also possible to use combinations of two or more of the active ingredients mentioned below.
- the following list of insecticides shows, but is not limited to, possible drugs:
- A.4. Growth regulators a) chitin synthesis inhibitors: benzoylureas: chlorofluorotron, cyramazine, diflubenzuron, flucycloxuron, flufenoxuron, hexaflumuron, lufenuron, novaluron, teflubenzuron, triflumuron; buprofezin, diofenolan, hexythiazox, etoxazole, clofentazine; b) ecdysone antagonists: halofenozides, methoxyfenozide, tebufenozide, azadirachtin; c) juvenoids: pyriproxyfen, methoprene, fenoxycarb; d) lipid biosynthesis inhibitors: spirodiclofen, spiromesifen, a tetronic acid derivative of formula F 1 ,
- Nicotin receptor agonists / antagonists clothianidin, dinotefuran, imidacloprid, thiamethoxam, nitenpyram, acetamiprid, thiacloprid;
- GABA antagonists acetoprole, endosulfan, ethiprole, fipronil, vaniliprole;
- Macrolide insecticides abamectin, emamectin, milbemectin, lepimectin, spinosad;
- METI I acaricides fenazaquin, pyridaben, tebufenpyrad, tolfenpyrad;
- METI II and IM compound acequinocyl, fluacyprim, hydramethylnone
- A.1 Inhibitors of oxidative phosphorylation cyhexatin, diafenthiuron, fenbutatin oxide, propargite;
- R 1 is -CH 2 OCH 2 CH 3 or H and R "is CF 2 CF 2 CF 3 or CH 2 CH (CHs) 3, anthraquinone nilamide compounds of the formula F 3,
- B1 is hydrogen or chlorine
- B2 is bromine or CF3
- RB is CH3 or CH (CH3) 2
- malononitrile compounds as described in JP 2002 284608, WO 02/89579, WO 02/90320, WO 02/90321, WO 04/06677, WO 04/20399, or JP 2004 99597, N-R'-2,2-dihalo-1-R "cyclopropane-carboxamides-2- (2,6-dichloro- ⁇ , ⁇ , ⁇ , ⁇ -tri-fluoro-p-tolyl) hydrazones or N-R'-2,2-di (R "') propionamide-2- (2,6-dichloro- ⁇ , ⁇ , ⁇ , ⁇ -trifluoro-p -tolyl) -hydrazones, wherein R 'is methyl or ethyl, halo is chloro or bromo, R "is hydrogen or methyl and R '" is
- Azoxystrobin dimoxystrobin, enestroburine, fluoxastrobin, kresoxim-methyl, metominostrobin, picoxystrobin, pyraclostrobin, trifloxystrobin, orysastrobin, (2-chloro-5- [1- (3-methyl-benzyloxyimino) -ethyl] -benzyl) -carbamic acid methyl ester, (2-Chloro-5- [1- (6-methyl-pyridin-2-ylmethoxyimino) -ethyl] -benzyl) -carbamic acid methyl ester, 2- (ortho ((2,5-dimethylphenyl-oxymethylene) -phenyl) -3 methoxy-methyl acrylate;
- Carboxamides Carboxylic Anilides: Benalaxyl, Benodanil, Boscalid, Carboxin, Mepronil, Fenfuram, Fenhexamide, Flutolanil, Furametpyr, Metalaxyl, Ofurace, Oxadixyl, Oxycarboxine, Penithiopyrad, Thifluzamide, Tiadinil, 4-Difluoromethyl-2-methyl-thiazole-5 -carboxylic acid (4'-bromo-biphenyl-2-yl) -amide, 4-difluoromethyl-2-methyl-thiazole-5-carboxylic acid- (4'-trifluoromethyl-biphenyl-2-yl) -amide, 4 -Difluoromethyl-2-methylthiazole-5-carboxylic acid (4'-chloro-3'-fluorobiphenyl-2-yl) -amide, 3-difluoromethyl-1-methyl-pyrazole-4-carboxylic
- Carboxylic acid morpholides Dimethomorph, Flumorph; Benzoic acid amides: flumetover, fluopicolide (picobenzamide), zoxamide; Other carboxylic acid amides: carpropamide, diclocymet, mandipropamide, N- (2- (4- [3- (4-chloro-phenyl-1-propoxy) -synyloxy-S-methoxy-phenyl-1-ethyl-1-methanesulfonylamino-S-methyl-butyramide, N - (2- (4- [3- (4-Chloro-phenyl) -prop-2-ynyloxy] -3-methoxy-phenyl) -ethyl) -2-ethanesulfonylamino-3-methylbutyramide;
- Triazoles bitertanol, bromonuconazoles, cyproconazole, difenoconazole, diniconazole, enilconazole, epoxiconazole, fenbuconazole, flusilazole, fluquinconazole, flutriafol, hexaconazole, imibenconazole, ipconazole, metconazole, myclobutanil, penconazole, propiconazole, prothioconazole, simeconazole, tebuconazole, tetraconazole, triadimol, Triadicon, triticonazole;
- Imidazoles cyazofamide, imazalil, pefurazoate, prochloraz, triflumizole; Benzimidazoles: Benomyl, Carbendazim, Fuberidazole, Thiabendazole; Other: Ethaboxam, Etridiazole, Hymexazole;
- Pyridines fluazinam, pyrifenox, 3- [5- (4-chloro-phenyl) -2,3-dimethyl-isoxazolidin-3-yl] -pyridine; Pyrimidines: bupirimate, cyprodinil, ferimzone, fenarimol, mepanipyrim, nuarimol, pyrimethanil;
- Piperazines triforins; Pyrroles: fludioxonil, fenpiclonil; Morpholine: aldimorph, dodemorph, fenpropimorph, tridemorph; Dicarboximides: iprodione, procymidone, vinclozolin; other: Acibenzolar-S-methyl, anilazine, captan, captafol, dazomet, diclomethine, fenoxanil, folpet, fenpropidin, famoxadone, fenamidone, octhilinone, probenazole, proquinazid, pyroquilon, quinoxyfen, tricyclazole, 5-chloro-7- (4-methyl -piperidin-1-yl) - 6- (2,4,6-t ⁇ fluor-phenyl) - [1, 2,4] triazolo [1, 5-a] pyrimidine, 2-butoxy-6-iod
- Dithiocarbamates Ferbam, Mancozeb, Maneb, Metiram, Metam, Propineb, Thiram, Zineb, Ziram;
- Guanidines dodine, iminoctadine, guazatine
- Antibiotics Kasugamycin, Polyoxins, Streptomycin, Validamycin A; Organometallic compounds: fentin salts;
- Sulfur-containing heterocyclyl compounds isoprothiolanes, dithianone;
- Organophosphorus compounds edifenphos, fosetyl, fosetyl-aluminum, Iprobenfos,
- Organochlorine compounds thiophanates methyl, chlorothalonil, dichlofluanid, toIyIfIu- anid, Flusulfamide, phthalides, Hexachlorbenzene, Pencycuron, Quintozene;
- Nitrophenyl derivatives binapacryl, dinocap, dinobuton;
- Inorganic active substances Bordeaux broth, copper acetate, copper hydroxide, copper oxychloride, basic copper sulfate, sulfur;
- ALS inhibitors such as amidosulfuron, azimsulfuron, bensulfuron, chlorimuron, chlorosulfuron, cinosulfuron, cyclosulfamuron, ethametsulfuron, ethoxysulfuron, flazasulfuron, flupyrsulfuron, foramsulfuron, halosulfuron, imazosulfuron, lodosulfuron, mesosulfuron, metsulfuron, nicosulfuron, oxasulfuron, primisulfuron, prosulfuron, Pyrazosulfuron, rimsulfuron, sulfometuron, sulfosulfuron, thifensulfuron, triasulfuron, tribenuron, trifloxysulfuron, triflusulfuron, tritosulfuron, imazamethabenz, imazamox, imazapic, imazapyr
- Atraton Atrazine, Ametryne, Aciptrotne, Cyanazine, Cyanatryn, Chlorazine, Cyprazine, Desmetryne, Dimethametryne, Dipropetryn, Eglinazine, Ipazine, Mesoprazine, Methometon, Methoprotryne, Procyazine, Proglinazine, Prometon , Prometryne, Propazine, Sebuthylazine, Secbumetone, Simazine, Simeton, Simetryne, Terbumeton, Terbuthylazine and Terbutryne;
- Protoporphyrinogen IX oxidase inhibitors such as acifluorfen, bifenox, cchlomethoxyfen, chlornitrofen, ethoxyfen, fluorodifene, fluoroglycofen, fluoronitrofen, fomesafen, ful- lylfenfen, halosafen, lactofen, nitrofen, nitrofluorfen, oxyfluorfen, fluazolates, pyrafluids, cinidon-ethyl, flumiclorac , Flumioxazine, flumipropyne, fluthiacet, thidiazimine, oxadiazon, oxadiargyl, azafenidine, carfentrazone, sulfentrazone, pentoxazone, benzfendizone, butafenacil, pyraclonil, profluazole, flufenpyr, flupropacil
- Herbicides such as metflurazon, norflurazon, flufenican, diflufenican, picolinafen, beflubutamide, fluridone, flurochloridone, flurtamone, mesotrione, sulcotrione, isoxachlorotole, isoxaflutole, benzofenap, pyrazolynate, pyrazoxyfen, benzobicyclone, amitrole, cloma- zone, aclonifen, 4- (3 -trifluoromethylphenoxy) - 2- (4-trifluoromethylphenyl) pyrimidine, and 3-heterocyclyl-substituted benzoyl derivatives of the formula (see WO-A-96/26202, WO-A-97/41 116, WO-A-97/411 17 and WO-A-97/41 1 18)
- R 8 to R 13 have the following meanings: R 8, R 10 is hydrogen, halogen, C -C alkyl 6 -alkyl, Ci-C 6 haloalkyl, Ci-C 6 alkoxy, -C 6 - haloalkoxy, CrC 6 -AI alkyl thio, C 1 -C 6 -alkyl ky I su If i ny I or CrC 6 alkylsulfonyl;
- R 9 represents a heterocyclic radical selected from the group consisting of thiazol-2-yl, thiazol-4-yl, thiazol-5-yl, isoxazol-3-yl, isoxazol-4-yl, isoxazol-5-yl, 4,5 - Dihydroisoxazol-3-yl, 4,5-dihydroisoxazol-4-yl and 4,5-dihydroisoxazol-5-yl, wherein said radicals may carry one or more substituents, for example, mono-, di-, tri- or tetrasubstituiert by halogen, CRC-4 alkyl, -C 4 -alkoxy, CrC 4 - haloalkyl, -C 4 haloalkoxy, or -C 4 -alkylthio;
- R 11 hydrogen, halogen or C 1 -C 6 -alkyl
- R 12 C 1 -C 6 -alkyl
- R 13 hydrogen or C 1 -C 6 -alkyl.
- EPSP synthase inhibitors such as glyphosate
- Glutamine synthase inhibitors such as glufosinate and bilanaphos
- DHP synthase inhibitors such as asulam
- Mitosis inhibitors such as Benfluralin, Butraline, Dinitramine, Ethalfluralin, Fluchloralin, i-Sopropalin, Methalpropalin, Nitralin, Oryzalin, Pendimethalin, Prodiamine, Profluralin, Trifluralin, Amiprofos-methyl, Butamifos, Dithiopyr, Thiazopyr, Propyzamide, Tebutam, Chlorthal, Carbetamide, Chlorobufam, Chlorpropham and Propham;
- VLCFA inhibitors such as acetochlor, alachlor, butachlor, butenachlor, delachlor, diethyl, dimethachlor, dimethenamid, dimethenamid-P, metazachlor, metolachlor, S-
- Cellulose biosynthesis inhibitors such as dichlobenil, chlorthiamide, isoxaben and flupoxam;
- Herbicides such as dinofenate, dinoprop, dinosam, dinoseb, dinoterb, DNOC, etinofen and medinoterb; Auxin herbicides such as clomeprop, 2,4-D, 2,4,5-T, MCPA, MCPA thioethyl, dichlorprop, dichlorprop-P, mecoprop, mecoprop-P, 2,4-DB, MCPB, chloroamben, dicamba, 2 , 3,6-TBA, tricamba, quinclorac, quinmerac, clopyralid, fluroxypyr, picloram, triclopyr and benazoline;
- Auxin transport inhibitors such as Naptalam, Diflufenzopyr;
- safener has the following meaning: It is known that in some cases better herbicidal compatibility can be achieved by the combined application of specifically acting herbicides with organic active compounds, which themselves can have a herbicidal action. In these cases, these compounds act as an antidote or antagonist and are referred to as “safeners” due to the fact that they reduce or prevent crop damage.
- pesticides having a melting point of less than 100 ° C., preferably flufenacet, cyprodinil, dinocap, DNOC, dodemorph, dodemorph acetate, fenpropidin, fenpropimorph, flusilazole, imazalil, myclobutanil, nitrothal-isopropyl, penconazole, pro- pamocarb hydrochloride, pyraclostrobin, spiroxamine, benfluralin, bromoxynil, clodina-fop-propargyl, cyhalofop-butyl.dinoterb, DNOC, ethofumesate, fluoroglycofen-ethyl, flurochloridone, fluroxypyr-meptyl, haloxyfop-etotyl, haloxyfop-methyl, ioxyniloctanoate, napropamide, oxyfuorif
- liquid or oily pesticides with low water solubility.
- liquid or oily active substances which have a solubility of less than 50 g / l or preferably less than 10 g / l of water.
- the active ingredient when solid, in one embodiment of the present invention, it may be incorporated into the polymer particle at elevated temperature or in the presence of solvents.
- Suitable solvents are known to those skilled in the art, e.g. Ketones, such as methyl isobutyl ketone and cyclohexanone, furthermore amides, such as dimethylformamide, furthermore cyclic compounds, such as N-methylpyrrolidone, N-octylpyrrolidone, N-dodecylpyrrolidone, N-octylcaprolactam, N-dodecyl Caprolactam and y-butyrolactone, in addition strongly polar solvents, such as dimethyl sulfoxide, also aromatic hydrocarbons, such as xylene, also esters, such as propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate, adipic acid-5 dibutyl ester, hexyl acetate, heptyl acetate, citric acid tri- n butyl ester, diethyl phthalate and di-n-butyl phthalate, and further alcohols such as
- the solvent is removed again after the active ingredient has been incorporated into the polymer particles (for example distilled off).
- the polymer particles do not reach a pH range through which the active ingredient dissolves.
- the active substances are high-melting substances with low solubility in organic solvents, it may be advantageous in the context of the present invention to stabilize the polymer particles by adding an emulsifier. Suitable emulsifiers are listed below.
- the water phase may be replaced by small amounts of buffer, e.g. in the ppm range, in the insoluble for the particle pH range, with carboxyl group-containing polymer particles z. B. in the range pH 3- 4 buffer.
- the incorporation of the active ingredients in the polymer particles is generally carried out in aqueous dispersion.
- the incorporation is preferably carried out in stirrers.
- liquids at room temperature can be done by simple shaking or preferably in overhead mixers. In general, it is stirred only slowly. The application of large shear forces (turbomixers, etc.) should be avoided.
- the present invention also encompasses agrochemical formulations comprising polymer-containing active substance particles according to the invention and also other auxiliaries suitable for the formulation of pesticides.
- the present invention further comprises agrochemical formulation comprising polymer-containing active substance particles dispersed in water and, if appropriate, further auxiliaries suitable for the formulation of pesticides.
- the water content is in the range 20- 99.9% by weight, preferably in the range 40-95% by weight.
- This aqueous dispersion is one embodiment of an agrochemical formulation, and may also contain other adjuvants for the formulation of pesticides.
- the aqueous dispersions containing active ingredient-containing polymer particles obtained by the abovementioned preparation processes eg freeze drying, spray drying
- the fine active substance-containing polymer particles as solids which are then used in the most varied agrochemicals. see formulations for the particularly rapid release of active ingredients can be used.
- the polymer particles according to the invention can be mixed with appropriate auxiliaries for the preparation of solid or liquid formulations.
- auxiliaries describes surface-active substances such as wetting agents, adhesives or dispersants, protective colloids, antifoaming agents, thickeners, antifreeze agents, bactericides and for mordanting formulations adhesives and pigments.
- Suitable protective colloids which may be present in the formulations according to the invention are all protective colloids customary for the formulation of agrochemical active compounds, i. in the present case, all water-soluble polymers of amphiphilic character known to those skilled in the art, such as proteins, denatured proteins, polysaccharides, hydrophobically modified starches, and synthetic polymers, preferably polyvinyl alcohol, polycarboxylates, polyalkoxylates, polyvinylamine, polyethyleneimine, polyvinylpyrrolidone and their copolymers
- Suitable emulsifiers which may be present in the formulations according to the invention are all nonionic, anionic and cationic dispersants customary for the formulation of agrochemical active compounds. examples are
- Suitable thickeners which may be present in the formulations according to the invention are all thickeners customary for the formulation of agrochemical active compounds.
- thickeners ie compounds which impart a pseudoplastic flow behavior to the formulation, ie high viscosity at rest and low viscosity in the agitated state
- thickeners are, for example, polysaccharides or organic layer minerals such as xanthan gum (Kelzan® from Kelco), Rhodopol® 23 (US Pat. Rhone Poulenc) or Veegum® (RT Vanderbilt) or Attaclay® (Engelhardt).
- Suitable antifoams which may be present in the formulations according to the invention are all anti- foaming agents customary for the formulation of agrochemical active compounds. foaming agent into consideration.
- antifoam agents are silicone emulsions (such as, for example, Silikon® SRE, Wacker or Rhodorsil® from Rhodia), long-chain alcohols, fatty acids, organofluorine compounds and mixtures thereof.
- Bactericides may be added to stabilize the aqueous fungicide formulation.
- Suitable bactericides which may be present in the formulations according to the invention are all bactericides which are customary for the formulation of agrochemical active compounds, for example bactericides based on diclorophene and benzyl alcohol hemiformal. Examples of bactericides are Proxel® from the company ICI or Acticide® RS from Thor Chemie and Kathon® MK from Rohm & Haas.
- Suitable antifreeze agents which may be present in the formulations according to the invention are all antifreeze agents customary for the formulation of agrochemical active compounds. Suitable antifreeze agents are e.g. Ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, urea or glycerol.
- dyes are added to the formulations according to the invention. All dyes customary for such purposes are suitable here. Both water-insoluble pigments and water-soluble dyes are useful in this case. Examples which may be mentioned under the names rhodamine B, Cl. Pigment Red 1 12 and Cl.
- Solvent Red 1 known dyes, as well as pigment blue 15: 4, pigment blue 15: 3, pigment blue 15: 2, pigment blue 15: 1, pigment blue 80, pigment yellow 1, pigment yellow 13, pigment red 1 12, pigment red 48: 2, pigment red 48: 1, pigment red 57: 1, pigment red 53: 1, pigment orange 43, pigment orange 34, pigment orange 5, pigment green 36, pigment green 7, pigment white 6, pigment brown 25, basic violet 10, basic violet 49, acid red 51, acid red 52, acid red 14, acid blue 9, acid yellow 23, basic red 10, basic red 108
- the size of the drug-containing polymer particles is determined primarily by the size of the polymer particles and the drug / polymer ratio.
- a 100nm large polymer particle which absorbs 7 times the amount of active ingredient, its mass ver-8 times. This means a doubling of the diameter to 200 nm with a comparable density of active ingredient and polymer particles.
- a particle (diameter 100nm) which takes up 124 times the amount of active ingredient is increased to a diameter of 500nm by a 125-fold increase in the total mass.
- the pH-sensitive, controlled polymer particles can even take up to 1000 times their own volume of active ingredient, corresponding to a 10-fold increase in particle size.
- the active ingredient-containing polymer particles are spherical with a smooth surface. Preference is given to non-coagulated, freely movable individual particles in which the active ingredient is homogeneously distributed. Preferably, the particles are monodisperse, i. > 80% by weight of all particles show the same particle diameter.
- active substance-containing polymer particles with a bimodal or multimodal particle size distribution. This is on the one hand of interest when one wants to bring the particles in aqueous dispersion with the lowest possible content of water for application, on the other hand, this possibility is offered when in a dispersion different active ingredient-containing polymer particles with e.g. would like to realize different release conditions.
- the active ingredient-containing polymer particles according to the invention are characterized in that the polymer particles have a content of ⁇ 1% by weight of monomers of the general formula
- Ri and R 2 are independently H or CH3, m is 1-20 and
- active-ingredient-containing polymer particles whose polymer component does not contain the abovementioned monomers (I) at all.
- the present invention also encompasses methods for controlling phytopathogenic fungi and / or undesired plant growth and / or undesired insect or mite infestation and / or for regulating the growth of plants, characterized in that a formulation according to the invention is applied to the respective pests (ie phytopathogenic fungi and / or unwanted insects or mites) whose habitat or the plants to be protected from the respective pest, seeds of these plants, the soil and / or act on undesirable plants and / or their habitat.
- a formulation according to the invention is applied to the respective pests (ie phytopathogenic fungi and / or unwanted insects or mites) whose habitat or the plants to be protected from the respective pest, seeds of these plants, the soil and / or act on undesirable plants and / or their habitat.
- phytopathogenic fungi describes but is not limited to the following species:
- Millipedes e.g. Blaniulus spp
- Ants e.g. Atta capiguara, Atta cephalotes, Atta laevigata, Atta rostusta, Atta sexdens, Atta texana, Monomorium pharaonis, Solenopsis geminata, SoIeopsis invicta, Pogonomyrmex spp and Pheidole megacephala,
- Beetle (Coleoptera), e.g. Agrilis sinuatus, Agriotes lineatus, Agriotes obscurus and other Agriotes spp, Amphimallus solstitialis, Anisandrus dispar, Anthonomus grandis, Anthonomus pomorum, Aracanthus morei, Atomaria linearis, Blapstinus spp,
- Flies eg Agromyza oryzea, Chrysomya bezziana, Chrysomya hominivorax, Chrysomia macellaria, Contarina sorghicola, Cordylobia anthropophaga, Dacus cucurbitae, Dacus oleae, Dasineura brassicae, DeNa antique, DeNa coarctata, DeNa platura, DeNa radicum, Fannia canicularis, Gasterophilus intestinalis, Geomyza tri- punctata, Glossina morsitans, Haematobia irritans, Haplodiplosis equestris, Hypoderma lineata, Liriomyza sativae, Liriomyza trifolii, Lucilia caprina, Lucilia cuprina, Lucilia sericata, Lycoria pectoralis, Mayetiola destructor, Muscina stabulans, Oestrus ovis, Op
- Heteroptera e.g. Acrosternum hilare, Blissus leucopterus, Cicadellidae e.g. Empoasca fabae, Chrysomelidae, Cyrtopeltis notatus, Delpahcidae, Dysdercus cingulatus, Dysdercus intermedius, Eurygaster integriceps, Eushistus impictiventris, Leptoglossus phyllopus, Lygus lineolaris, Lygus pratensis, Nephotettix spp, Nezara viridula, Pentatomidae, Piesma quadrata, Solubea insularis and Thyanta perditor,
- Aphids and other homoptera e.g. Acyrthosiphon onobrychis, Adelges laricis, Aphidula nasturtii, Aphis fabae, Aphis forbesi, Aphis glycines, Aphis gossypii, Aphis grossulariae, Aphis pomi, Aphis cut, Aphis spiraecola, Aphis sambuci, Acyrthosiphon pisum, Aulacorthum solani, Brachycaudus cardui, Brachycaudus helichrysi, Brachycaudus persicae , Brachycaudus prunicola, Brevicoryne brassicae, Capitophorus horni, Cerosipha gossypii, Chaetosiphon fragaefolii, Cryptomyzus ribis, Dreyfusia nordmannianae, Dreyfusia
- Lepidoptera for example Agrotis ypsilon, Agrotis segetum and others Agrotis spp, Alabama argillacea, Anticarsia gemmatalis, Argyresthia conjugella, Autographa gamma, Bupalus piniarius, Cacoecia murinana, Capua reticulana, Cheimatobia brumata, Chilo suppresalis, and other Chilo spp.Choristoneura fumiferana, Choristoneura occidentalis, Cirphis unipuncta, Cnaphlocrocis medinalis, Cydia pomonella, Dendrolimus pini, Diaphania nitidalis, Diatraea grandiosella, Earias insulana, Elasmopalpus lignoselus, Eupoecilia ambiguella, Euxoa spp, Evetria bouliana, Feltia subterranea
- Orthoptera e.g. Acrididae, Acheta domestica, Blatta orientalis, Blattella germanica, Forficula auricularia, Gryllotalpa gryllotalpa, Locusta migratoria, Melanoplus bivittatus, Melanoplus femur-rubrum, Melanoplus mexicanus, Melanoplus sanguinipes, Melonoplus spretus, Nomadacris septemfasciata, Periplaneta americana, Schistocerca americana, Schistocerca peregrina, Stauronotus maroccanus and Tachycines asynamorus;
- Termites e.g. Calotermes flavicollis, Coptotermes spp, Dalbulus maidis, Leucotermes flavipes, Macrotermes gilvus, Reticulitermes lucifugus, and Termes natalensis;
- Thrips e.g. Frankliniella fusca, Frankliniella occidentalis, Frankliniella tritici and other Frankliniella spp, Scirtothrips citri, Thrips oryzae, Thrips palmi, Thrips simplex and Thrips tabaci,
- Arachnids e.g. Arachnids (Acarina), for example, e.g. of the families Argasidae, Ixodidae and Sarcoptidae, e.g. Amblyomma americanum, Amblyomma variegatum, Argas persicus, Boophilus annulatus, Boophilus decoloratus, Boophilus microplus, Dermacentor silvarum, Hyalomma truncatum, Ixodes ricinus, Ixodes rubicundus, Ornithodorus moubata, Otobius megnini, Dermanyssus gallinae, Psoroptes ovis, Rhipicephalus appendiculatus, Rhipicephalus evertsi, Sarcoptes scabiei, and Eriophyidae spp eg Aculus badendali, Phyllocoptrata oleivora and Eriophyes shel
- Tenuipalpidae spp. Brevipalpus phoenicis Tetranychidae spp e.g. Tetranychus cinnabarinus, Tetranychus kanzawai, Tetranychus pacificus, Tetranychus telarius and Tetranychus urticae, Panonychus ulmi, Panonychus citri, and Oligonychus pratensis;
- Nematodes in particular plant parasitic nematodes eg "root-knot" nematodes, Meloidogyne hapla, Meloidogyne incognita, Meloidogyne javanica, and other Meloy- dogyne spp; cyst-forming nematodes, Globodera rostochiensis and other Globodera spp; Heterodera avenae, Heterodera glycines, Heterodera schachtii, Heterodera trifolii, and other Heterodera spp; Seed gall nematodes, Anguina spp; Star and foliar nematodes, Aphelenchoides spp; Sting nematodes, Belonolaimus longicaudatus and other Belonolaimus spp; Pine nematodes, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus and other Buraphelenchus spp
- Controlling undesired plant growth means controlling / destroying plants that grow in places where they are undesirable, e.g. from
- the present invention also claims seed stained with a formulation according to any one of claims 1 to 8.
- the amounts of active ingredient generally vary between 0.1 g to 10 kg per 100 kg of seed, preferably from 1 g to 5 kg per 100 kg of seed, more preferably from 1 g to 2.5 kg per 100 kg of seed. For special seeds such as salad, higher amounts of active ingredient can be used.
- Suitable seeds are cereals seed crops, root crops, oilseeds, vegetable seeds, spice seed, ornamental seed, eg durum wheat seed, wheat, barley, oats, rye, maize (forage maize and sweetcorn), soya, oilseed, cruciferous vegetables, cotton, sunflowers, Bananas, Rice, Oilseed rape, Beets,, Sugar beets, Fodder beetroot Eggs, Potatoes, Grass, (ornamental) turf, Fodder grass, Tomatoes, Leek, Pumpkin, Cabbage, Iceberg Salad, Pepper, Greens, Melons, Brassica spp, Melons, Beans, peas, garlic, onions, carrots, tubers such as sugarcane, tabbak, grapes, petunias and geraniums, pansies, balsam.
- soya oilseed, cruciferous vegetables, cotton, sunflowers, Bananas, Rice, Oilseed rape, Beets
- Seed may also be seed of transgenic plants or plants obtained by conventional breeding methods.
- seed can be used which are tolerant to herbicides, fungicides or insecticides, e.g. plants resistant to sulfonylureas, imidazolinones or glufonate or glyphosate (see for example EP-A-0242236, EP-A-242246, WO 92/00377, EP-A-0257993, Shaner and Robinson (1985) Weed Sci 33: 469-471, Newhouse et al., (1992) Plant Physiol, 100: 882886, Barrett et al., (1989) Crop Safeners for Herbicides, Sebastian et al., (1989) Crop Sci 29: 1403-1408, Swanson et al., 1989 Theor et al., Genet., 78: 525-530; Newhouse et al., (1991) Theor.
- seeds of plants can be used, which are used in comparison with conventional plants have modified properties.
- modified starch synthesis for example WO 92/1 1376, WO 92/14827, WO 91/19806) or fatty acid compositions (WO 91/13972).
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Abstract
Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft agrochemische Formulierungen umfassend wirkstof fhaltige Polymerteilchen, umfassend ein Vinylpolymerisat aus 10- 80 Gew% Amino- und/oder Carboxylgruppen enthaltenden Monomeren, das in einem Teil des pH- Bereichs von 0- 10 unlöslich ist und in einem anderen Teilbereich löslich ist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die wirkstof f haltigen Polymerteilchen (i) pro Gewichtsanteil Vinylpolymerisat 3 bis 1000 Gewichtsanteile Pestizid als Wirkstoff ; (ii) eine Teilchengröße im Bereich lOnm - lOOμmaufweisen; (iii) das Vinylpolymerisat zu > 50 Gew% aus Polymeren mit einem Molekulargewicht < 100.000 Daltons aufgebaut ist ; und wobei das Pestizid in molekular dispers gelöster Form in Polymer vorliegt ; sowie Verfahren zur Herstellung dieser Polymerteilchen, Verfahren zur Bekämpfung von phytopathogenen Pilzen und/oder unerwünschtem Pflanzenwuchs und/oder unerwünschtem Insekten- oder Milbenbefall und/oder zur Regulation des Wachstums von Pflanzen unter Verwendung der vorstehend genannten Teilchen.
Description
Beschreibung
Agrochemische Formulierung umfassend Wirkstoff haltige Polymerteilchen
Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft agrochemische Formulierungen umfassend wirkstoff- haltige Polymerteilchen, umfassend ein Vinylpolymerisat aus 10- 80 Gew% Amino- und/oder Carboxylgruppen enthaltenden Monomeren, das in einem Teil des pH- Bereichs von 0- 10 unlöslich ist und in einem anderen Teilbereich löslich ist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die wirkstoffhaltigen Polymerteilchen
(i) pro Gewichtsanteil Vinylpolymerisat 3 bis 1000 Gewichtsanteile Pestizid als Wirkstoff;
(ii) eine Teilchengröße im Bereich 10nm - 100μm aufweisen;
(iii) das Vinylpolymerisat zu > 50 Gew% aus Polymeren mit einem mittleren Molekulargewicht < 100.000 Daltons aufgebaut ist; und
wobei das Pestizid in molekular dispers gelöster Form im Polymer vorliegt.
sowie Verfahren zur Herstellung dieser Polymerteilchen, Verfahren zur Bekämpfung von phytopathogenen Pilzen und/oder unerwünschtem Pflanzenwuchs und/oder unerwünschtem Insekten- oder Milbenbefall und/oder zur Regulation des Wachstums von Pflanzen unter Verwendung der vorstehend genannten Teilchen.
Die Formulierung von Pflanzenschutzwirkstoffen stellt den Fachmann ständig vor neue Herausforderungen. Neben den hohen Anforderungen an die Stabilität der entsprechenden Formulierung sind Parameter wie Haftung am Blatt, Umweltverträglichkeit sowie Verfügbarkeit des Wirkstoffes wünschenswert.
Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung war somit, Formulierungen mit bereitzustellen, welche die Wirkung agrochemischer Wirkstoffe effizient unterstützen.
Die Aufgabe wurde durch die Bereitstellung einer Formulierung gelöst, umfassend wirkstoffhaltigen Polymerteilchen, umfassend ein Vinylpolymerisat aus 10- 80 Gew% Amino- und/oder Carboxylgruppen enthaltenden Monomeren, das in einem Teil des pH- Bereichs von 0- 10 unlöslich ist und in einem anderen Teilbereich löslich ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass diese wirkstoffhaltigen Polymerteilchen
(i) pro Gewichtsanteil Vinylpolymerisat 3 bis 1000 Gewichtsanteile Pestizid als
Wirkstoff enthalten,
(ii) eine Teilchengröße im Bereich 10nm - 100μm, vorzugsweise 15nm bis 50μm, bevorzugt 20nm - 8μm, besonders bevorzugt 0,05- 8μm, ganz besonders bevorzugt 2- - 8μm.
(iii) das Vinylpolymerisat zu > 50 Gew% aus Polymeren mit einem mitleren Molekulargewicht < 100.000 Daltons aufgebaut ist; und
wobei das Pestizid in molekular dispers gelöster Form im Polymer vorliegt.
Bevorzugt sind sind Vinylpolymere mit einem Molekulargewicht < 20.000 oder < 5.000.
Molekulargewicht oder gleichlautend verwendet mittleres Molekulargewicht bezeichnet im Rahmen der vorliegenden Anmeldung hier das mittlere, massengewichtete Moleku- largewicht Mw. Das Molekulargewicht kann wie im Journal of Polymer Science: Part A: Polymer Chemistry, Vol.27, 1259-1266 (1989) beschrieben, bestimmt werden.
Bevorzugt sind wirkstoffhaltigen Polymerteilchen, die zu mehr als 40 Gew%, vorzugsweise 60 Gew%, besonders bevorzugt 80 Gew%, ganz besonders bevorzugt 100 Gew% aus den oben genannten Vinylpolymeren und Wirkstoffen aufgebaut sind.
In einer weiteren bevorzugten Ausführungsform der Erfindung besteht die Polymerkomponente der wirkstoffhaltige Polymerteilchen aus
A) 20- 90 Gew.% Alkylestern der Acryl- und/oder Methacrylsäure,
B) 80- 10 Gew.% Monomeren mit Carboxylgruppen und/oder Aminogruppen,
C) 0- 40 Gew.% weiteren, mit A) und B) copolymerisierbaren Monomeren.
Als A) Alkylester sind Ester mit 1- 8 C-Atomen im Alkylrest, insbesondere Methyl- und Ethylacrylat und - methacrylat zu nennen.
Geeignete Säuremonomere B) sind Acrylsäure und insbesondere Methacrylsäure. Weitere Säuremonomere sind Malein- Fumar- und Itakonsäure und Halbester dieser Säuren.
Geeignete Monomere B) mit Aminogruppen sind z. B. Vinylimidazol, Monoalkylamino- bzw. Dialkylaminoalkylester oder -alkylamide von polymerisier-baren Carbonsäuren, z.B. Dimethylaminoethylmethacrylat.
Als Monomere C) kommen ganz allgemein Vinylmonomere in Betracht, z.B. Hydroxye- thylmethacrylat oder Styrol.
Im allgemeinen werden die Polymerteilchen entweder nur basische oder nur saure Monomere B) enthalten.
Das Mengenverhältnis der Monomeren A), B) und C) richtet sich nach den Erfordernissen der Freisetzung der Wirkstoffe.
Bevorzugt sind ) wirkstoffhaltige Teilchen, deren Polymerkomponenten nur aus Mo- nomeren A) und B) bestehen, wie z.B. Polymerkomponenten aus 50 Gew% Ethylacry- lat und 50 Gew% Methacrylsäure.
Besonders bevorzugt sind wirkstoffhaltige Polymerteilchen, deren Polymerkomponente nur aus Methacrylatmonomeren besteht, z.B. aus 40- 80 Gew% Methylmethacrylat und 60- 20Gew% Methacrylsäure.
Im allgemeinen bestehen diese wirkstoffhaltigen Polymerteilchen aus einem Teil des oben definierten Polymers und 3- 1000 Teilen Pestizid, d.h. die hier zum Einsatz kommenden Polymerteilchen können bis zum I .OOOfachen ihres Eigengewichtes an Wirk- stoff aufnehmen.
Bevorzugt ein Gewichtsverhältnis von Polymerteilchen zu Wirkstoff im Bereich 1 : 3 bis 1 : 500, wobei der Bereich 1 : 5 bis 1 : 300 und insbesondere 1 : 10 bis 1 : 200 bevorzugt ist.
Bei flüssigen Wirkstoffen stellt der Wirkstoff ein Lösungsmittel oder Weichmachungs- mittel für die Polymerteilchen dar. Dies führt dazu, dass sich in bestimmten Fällen die wirkstoffhaltigen Teilchen bei einer pH- Änderung schneller im Wasser lösen als die Polymerteilchen ohne Wirkstoff.
Die Synthese der Polymerteilchen erfolgt im allgemeinen durch Emulsionspolymerisation nach dem Zulaufverfahren, wie sie beispielsweise in DE 2135073 beschrieben wird. Dabei wird die Größe der Teilchen am einfachsten durch die Menge des vorgelegten Emulgators gesteuert.
Auf diesem Wege sind Polymerteilchen im Bereich 20nm- 500nm zugänglich.
Größere Teilchen lassen sich nach dem Saatlatexverfahren realisieren, das zum Beispiel in der PCTVE P2005/003493 offenbart ist.
Carboxylgruppenhaltige Emulsionspolymerisate werden in der Regel mit anionischen Emulgatoren, wie z.B. Natriumlaurylsulfat, hergestellt, aminogruppenhaltige Polymere mit kationischen oder nichtionischen Tensiden, wie z.B. oxethylierten Fettalkoholen.
Im allgemeinen wird die Polymerisation unter Inertgas z.B. Stickstoff durchgeführt. Als Initiatoren kommen die bei Emulsionspolymerisationen verwendeten Systeme zum Einsatz, wie Ammoniumperoxodisulfat oder das Natriumsalz der 4,4"-Dicyano-4,4"- azovaleriansäure. Will man das Molekulargewicht der Polymeren durch die Menge des eingesetzten Initiators steuern, so können auch org. Peroxide wie z.B. t- Butylperpivalat im Zulauf mitverwendet werden.
Üblicherweise wird das Molekulargewicht der Polymeren jedoch mit Hilfe von Polymerisationsreglern wie Mercaptanen eingestellt. Hier sind Alkanthiole und insbesondere Ester der Thioglykolsäure oder Mercaptopropionsäure zu nennen, z.B. 2- Ethylhe- xylthioglykolat in Anteilen von 0,1- 10 Gew%, bevorzugt 0,3- 5 Gew%, bezogen auf den Polymerisatfeststoff.
Insbesondere beim Einsatz grosserer Anteile an Mercaptanen empfiehlt sich nach Abschluß der Polymerisation eine Desodorierung durch Entgasung bei reduziertem Druck.
Die Regelung des Molekulargewichtes der Polymeren ist für die Aufnahme großer Wirkstoffmengen von Bedeutung. Aus diesem Grunde sollte wenigstens ein Teil des Polymeren (z.B. wenigstens 50Gew% oder besser > 90Gew% ein mittleres Molekulargewicht von < 100.000 Daltons aufweisen, vorzugsweise ein mittleres Molekulargewicht (Mw) < 30.000 , besonders bevorzugt ein mittleres Molekulargewicht < 20.000 Daltons. Besondere Vorteile erzielt man, wenn das Molekulargewicht im Bereich 1.000 bis 10.000 Daltons und besonders bevorzugt im Bereich 2.000 bis 8.000 Daltons liegt.
Interessanterweise bilden diese kurzkettigen Polymeren in Kombination mit den Wirkstoffen sehr stabile Teilchen, die beispielsweise als carboxylgruppenhaltige Teilchen im sauren Bereich, z.B. pH 2- 3, sehr stabil sind, während sie im neutralen bis alkalischen Bereich innerhalb von Sekunden oder Bruchteilen von Sekunden (je nach Größe und Wirkstoffgehalt der Teilchen) zerfallen.
Der Begriff Pestizid bezeichnet hier mindestens ein Wirkstoff ausgewählt aus der Gruppe der Insektizide, Fungizide, Herbizide und/oder Safener, Wachstumsregulatoren (s. Pesticide Manual, 13th Ed. (2003)) verwendet wird. Hierbei können auch Kombinationen aus zwei oder mehreren der unten genannten Wirkstoffe verwendet werden.
Die folgende Liste von Insektiziden zeigt mögliche Wirkstoffe auf, soll aber nicht auf diese beschränkt sein:
A.1. Organo(thio)phosphate: acephate, azamethiphos, azinphos-methyl, chlorpyrifos, chlorpyrifos-methyl, chlorfenvinphos, diazinon, dichlorvos, dicrotophos, dimethoate, disulfoton, ethion, fenitrothion, fenthion, isoxathion, malathion, methamidophos, methi- dathion, methyl-parathion, mevinphos, monocrotophos, oxydemeton-methyl, paraoxon, parathion, phenthoate, phosalone, phosmet, phosphamidon, phorate, phoxim, piri- miphos-methyl, profenofos, prothiofos, sulprophos, tetrachlorvinphos, terbufos, tria- zophos, trichlorfon;
A.2. Carbamate: alanycarb, aldicarb, bendiocarb, benfuracarb, carbaryl, carbofuran, carbosulfan, fenoxycarb, furathiocarb, methiocarb, methomyl, oxamyl, pirimicarb, pro- poxur, thiodicarb, triazamate;
A.3. Pyrethroide: allethrin, bifenthrin, cyfluthrin, cyhalothrin, cyphenothrin, cyper- methrin, alpha-cypermethrin, beta-cypermethrin, zeta-cypermethrin, deltamethrin, es- fenvalerate, etofenprox, fenpropathrin, fenvalerate, imiprothrin, lambda-cyhalothrin, permethrin, prallethrin, pyrethrin I and II, resmethrin, silafluofen, tau-fluvalinate, tefluthrin, tetramethrin, tralomethrin, transfluthrin;
A.4. Wachstumsregulatoren: a) chitin synthesis inhibitors: benzoylureas: chlorfluazu- ron, cyramazin, diflubenzuron, flucycloxuron, flufenoxuron, hexaflumuron, lufenuron, novaluron, teflubenzuron, triflumuron; buprofezin, diofenolan, hexythiazox, etoxazole, clofentazine; b) ecdysone antagonists: halofenozide, methoxyfenozide, tebufenozide, azadirachtin; c) juvenoids: pyriproxyfen, methoprene, fenoxycarb; d) lipid biosynthesis inhibitors: spirodiclofen, spiromesifen, a tetronic acid derivative of formula F1,
A.5. Nicotin Rezeptor Agonisten/ Antagonisten: clothianidin, dinotefuran, imidacloprid, thiamethoxam, nitenpyram, acetamiprid, thiacloprid;
A.6. GABA Antagonisten: acetoprole, endosulfan, ethiprole, fipronil, vaniliprole;
A.7. Macrolid-Insektizide: abamectin, emamectin, milbemectin, lepimectin, spinosad;
A.8. METI I Acarizide: fenazaquin, pyridaben, tebufenpyrad, tolfenpyrad;
A.9. METI Il and IM Verbindung: acequinocyl, fluacyprim, hydramethylnon;
A.10. Entkoppler-Verbindungen: chlorfenapyr;
A.1 1. Hemmer der oxidativen Phosphorylierung: cyhexatin, diafenthiuron, fenbutatin oxide, propargite;
A.12. Häutungsstörende Verbindungen: cryomazine;
A.13. Hemmer der Mixed-Function-Oxidase: piperonyl butoxide;
A.14. Natriumkanalblocker: indoxacarb, metaflumizone;
A.15. Verschiedene: benclothiaz, bifenazate, cartap, flonicamid, pyridalyl, pymetrozine, sulfur, thiocyclam und aminoisothiazole Verbindungen der Formel r2,
wobei R1 für -CH2OCH2CH3 or H und R" für CF2CF2CF3 or CH2CH(CHs)3 steht, anthra- nilamide Verbindungen der Formel F3 ,
wobei B1 für Wasserstoff oder Chlor, B2 für Brom oder CF3, und RB für CH3 oder CH(CH3)2 steht, und malononitrile Verbindungen wie in JP 2002 284608, WO 02/89579, WO 02/90320, WO 02/90321 , WO 04/06677, WO 04/20399, oder JP 2004 99597 beschrieben, N-R'-2,2-dihalo-1-R"cyclo-propanecarboxamide-2-(2,6-dichloro- α, α, α, α, α -tri-fluoro-p-tolyl)hydrazone oder N-R'-2,2-di(R"')propionamide-2-(2,6- dichloro-α, α, α, α -trifluoro-p-tolyl)-hydrazone, worin R' für methyl oder ethyl stehen,
halo für Chlor oder Brom steht, R" für Wasserstoff oder methyl und R'" für methyl oder ethyl stehen;
Die folgende Liste von Fungiziden zeigt mögliche Wirkstoffe auf, soll aber nicht auf diese beschränkt sein:
1. Strobilurine
Azoxystrobin, Dimoxystrobin, Enestroburin, Fluoxastrobin, Kresoxim-methyl, Metomi- nostrobin, Picoxystrobin, Pyraclostrobin, Trifloxystrobin, Orysastrobin, (2-Chlor-5-[1-(3- methyl-benzyloxyimino)-ethyl]-benzyl)-carbaminsäuremethylester, (2-Chlor-5-[1 -(6- methyl-pyridin-2-ylmethoxyimino)-ethyl]-benzyl)-carbaminsäuremethyl ester, 2-(ortho- ((2,5-Dimethylphenyl-oxymethylen)phenyl)-3-methoxy-acrylsäuremethylester;
2. Carbonsäureamide Carbonsäureanilide: Benalaxyl, Benodanil, Boscalid, Carboxin, Mepronil, Fenfuram, Fenhexamid, Flutolanil, Furametpyr, Metalaxyl, Ofurace, Oxadixyl, Oxycarboxin, Pen- thiopyrad, Thifluzamide, Tiadinil, 4-Difluormethyl-2-methyl-thiazol-5-carbonsäure-(4'- brom-biphenyl-2-yl)-amid, 4-Difluormethyl-2-methyl-thiazol-5-carbonsäure-(4'-trifluor- methyl-biphenyl-2-yl)-amid, 4-Difluormethyl-2-methyl-thiazol-5-carbonsäure-(4'-chlor-3'- fluor-biphenyl-2-yl)-amid, 3-Difluormethyl-1-methyl-pyrazol-4-carbonsäure-(3',4'-di- chlor-4-fluor-biphenyl-2-yl)-amid, 3,4-Dichlor-isothiazol-5-carbonsäure (2-cyano-phenyl) amid;
Carbonsäuremorpholide: Dimethomorph, Flumorph; Benzoesäureamide: Flumetover, Fluopicolide (Picobenzamid), Zoxamide; Sonstige Carbonsäureamide: Carpropamid, Diclocymet, Mandipropamid, N-(2-(4-[3-(4- Chlor-phenylJ-prop^-inyloxyl-S-methoxy-phenylJ-ethyl^-methansulfonylamino-S- methyl-butyramid, N-(2-(4-[3-(4-Chlor-phenyl)-prop-2-inyloxy]-3-methoxy-phenyl)- ethyl)-2-ethansulfonylamino-3-methyl-butyramid;
3. Azole
Triazole: Bitertanol, Bromuconazole, Cyproconazole, Difenoconazole, Diniconazole, Enilconazole, Epoxiconazole, Fenbuconazole, Flusilazole, Fluquinconazole, Flutriafol, Hexaconazol, Imibenconazole, Ipconazole, Metconazol, Myclobutanil, Penconazole, Propiconazole, Prothioconazole, Simeconazole, Tebuconazole, Tetraconazole, Triadi- menol, Triadimefon, Triticonazole;
Imidazole: Cyazofamid, Imazalil, Pefurazoate, Prochloraz, Triflumizole; Benzimidazole: Benomyl, Carbendazim, Fuberidazole, Thiabendazole; Sonstige: Ethaboxam, Etridiazole, Hymexazole;
4. Stickstoffhaltige Heterocyclylverbindungen:
Pyridine: Fluazinam, Pyrifenox, 3-[5-(4-Chlor-phenyl)-2,3-dimethyl-isoxazolidin-3-yl]- pyridin;
Pyrimidine: Bupirimate, Cyprodinil, Ferimzone, Fenarimol, Mepanipyrim, Nuarimol, Py- rimethanil;
Piperazine: Triforine; Pyrrole: Fludioxonil, Fenpiclonil; Morpholine: Aldimorph, Dodemorph, Fenpropimorph, Tridemorph; Dicarboximide: Iprodione, Procymidone, Vinclozolin; sonstige: Acibenzolar-S-methyl, Anilazin, Captan, Captafol, Dazomet, Diclomezine, Fenoxanil, Folpet, Fenpropidin, Famoxadone, Fenamidone, Octhilinone, Probenazole, Proquinazid, Pyroquilon, Quinoxyfen, Tricyclazole, 5-Chlor-7-(4-methyl-piperidin-1-yl)- 6-(2,4,6-tιϊfluor-phenyl)-[1 ,2,4]triazolo[1 ,5-a]pyrimidin, 2-Butoxy-6-iodo-3-propyl- chromen-4-on, 3-(3-Brom-6-fluoro-2-methyl-indol-1 -sulfonyl)-[1 ,2,4]triazol-1 -sulfon- säuredimethylamid;
5. Carbamate und Dithiocarbamate Dithiocarbamate: Ferbam, Mancozeb, Maneb, Metiram, Metam, Propineb, Thiram, Zineb, Ziram;
Carbamate: Diethofencarb, Flubenthiavalicarb, Iprovalicarb, Propamocarb, 3-(4-Chlor- phenyl)-3-(2-isopropoxycarbonylamino-3-methyl-butyrylamino)-propionsäure- methylester, N-(1 -(1 -(4-cyanophenyl)ethansulfonyl)-but-2-yl) carbaminsäure-(4-fluor- phenyl)ester;
6. Sonstige Fungizide
Guanidine: Dodine, Iminoctadine, Guazatine;
Antibiotika: Kasugamycin, Polyoxine, Streptomycin, Validamycin A; Organometallverbindungen: Fentin Salze;
Schwefelhaltige Heterocyclylverbindungen: Isoprothiolane, Dithianon;
Organophosphorverbindungen: Edifenphos, Fosetyl, Fosetyl-aluminium, Iprobenfos,
Pyrazophos, Tolclofos-methyl, Phosphorige Säure und ihre Salze;
Organochlorverbindungen: Thiophanate Methyl, Chlorothalonil, Dichlofluanid, ToIyIfIu- anid, Flusulfamide, Phthalide, Hexachlorbenzene, Pencycuron, Quintozene;
Nitrophenylderivate: Binapacryl, Dinocap, Dinobuton;
Anorganische Wirkstoffe: Bordeaux Brühe, Kupferacetat, Kupferhydroxid, Kupfer- oxychlorid, basisches Kupfersulfat, Schwefel;
Sonstige: Spiroxamine, Cyflufenamid, Cymoxanil, Metrafenone.
Die folgende Liste von Herbizden zeigt mögliche Wirkstoffe auf, soll aber nicht auf diese beschränkt sein:
Verbindungen, die die Biosynthese von Lipiden inhibieren, z.B. Chlorazifop, Clodina- fop, Clofop, Cyhalofop, Ciclofop, Fenoxaprop, Fenoxaprop-p, Fenthiaprop, Fluazifop, Fluazifop-P, Haloxyfop, Haloxyfop-P, Isoxapyrifop, Metamifop, Propaquizafop, Quizalo- fop, Quizalofop-P, Trifop, Alloxydim, Butroxydim, Clethodim, Cloproxydim, Cycloxydim,
Profoxydim, Sethoxydim, Tepraloxydim, Tralkoxydim, Butylate, Cycloat, Diallat, Dime- piperat, EPTC, Esprocarb, Ethiolate, Isopolinate, Methiobencarb, Molinate, Orbencarb, Pebulate, Prosulfocarb, Sulfallat, Thiobencarb, Thiocarbazil, Triallat, Vernolat, Benfu- resat, Ethofumesat und Bensulid;
ALS-Inhibitoren wie Amidosulfuron, Azimsulfuron, Bensulfuron, Chlorimuron, Chlorsul- furon, Cinosulfuron, Cyclosulfamuron, Ethametsulfuron, Ethoxysulfuron, Flazasulfuron, Flupyrsulfuron, Foramsulfuron, Halosulfuron, Imazosulfuron, lodosulfuron, Mesosulfu- ron, Metsulfuron, Nicosulfuron, Oxasulfuron, Primisulfuron, Prosulfuron, Pyrazosulfu- ron, Rimsulfuron, Sulfometuron, Sulfosulfuron, Thifensulfuron, Triasulfuron, Tribenuron, Trifloxysulfuron, Triflusulfuron, Tritosulfuron, Imazamethabenz, Imazamox, Imazapic, Imazapyr, Imazaquin, Imazethapyr, Cloransulam, Diclosulam, Florasulam, Flumetsu- lam, Metosulam, Penoxsulam, Bispyribac, Pyriminobac, Propoxycarbazone, Flucarba- zone, Pyribenzoxim, Pyriftalid und Pyrithiobac;
Verbindungen, die die Photosynthese inhibieren wie Atraton, Atrazine, Ametryne, A- ziprotryne, Cyanazine, Cyanatryn, Chlorazine, Cyprazine, Desmetryne, Dimethametry- ne, Dipropetryn, Eglinazine, Ipazine, Mesoprazine, Methometon, Methoprotryne, Pro- cyazine, Proglinazine, Prometon, Prometryne, Propazine, Sebuthylazine, Secbumeton, Simazine, Simeton, Simetryne, Terbumeton, Terbuthylazine und Terbutryne;
Protoporphyrinogen-IX Oxidase-Inhibitoren wie Acifluorfen, Bifenox, Cchlomethoxyfen, Chlornitrofen, Ethoxyfen, Fluorodifen, Fluoroglycofen, Fluoronitrofen, Fomesafen, Fury- loxyfen, Halosafen, Lactofen, Nitrofen, Nitrofluorfen, Oxyfluorfen, Fluazolate, Pyraflu- fen, Cinidon-ethyl, Flumiclorac, Flumioxazin, Flumipropyn, Fluthiacet, Thidiazimin, O- xadiazon, Oxadiargyl, Azafenidin, Carfentrazone, Sulfentrazone, Pentoxazone, Benz- fendizone, Butafenacil, Pyraclonil, Profluazol, Flufenpyr, Flupropacil, Nipyraclofen und Etnipromid;
Herbizide wie Metflurazon, Norflurazon, Flufenican, Diflufenican, Picolinafen, Beflubu- tamid, Fluridone, Flurochloridone, Flurtamone, Mesotrione, Sulcotrione, Isoxachlortole, Isoxaflutole, Benzofenap, Pyrazolynate, Pyrazoxyfen, Benzobicyclon, amitrole, cloma- zone, Aclonifen, 4-(3-trifluormethylphenoxy)- 2-(4-trifluoromethylphenyl)pyrimidin, und 3-heterocyclyl-substituierte Benzoylderivate der Formel (vgl. WO-A-96/26202, WO-A- 97/41 116, WO-A-97/41 1 17 und WO-A-97/41 1 18)
worin die Substituenten R8 to R13 folgende Bedeutung haben:
R8, R10 Wasserstoff, Halogen, Ci -C6-Al kyl, Ci-C6-Haloalkyl, Ci-C6-Alkoxy, CrC6- Haloalkoxy, CrC6-AI kyl thio, C 1 -C6-Al ky I s u If i ny I oder CrC6-Alkylsulfonyl;
R9 bedeutet ein heterocyclisches Radikal aus der Gruppe bestehend aus Thiazol-2- yl, thiazol-4-yl, Thiazol-5-yl, lsoxazol-3-yl, lsoxazol-4-yl, lsoxazol-5-yl, 4,5- dihydroisoxazol-3-yl, 4,5-dihydroisoxazol-4-yl und 4,5-dihydroisoxazol-5-yl, worin die genannten Radikale einen oder mehrere Substituenten tragen können z.B. mono-, di-, tri- or tetrasubstituiert sein können durch Halogen, CrC4-Alkyl, CrC4-AIkOXy, CrC4- Haloalkyl, CrC4-Haloalkoxy oder CrC4-Alkylthio;
R11 = Wasserstoff, Halogen oder CrC6-Alkyl;
R12 = CrC6-Alkyl;
R13 = Wasserstoff oder Ci-C6-Alkyl.
Weitere geeignete Herbizide sind EPSP-Synthase-lnhibitoren wie Glyphosat;
Glutamin-Synthase-Inhibitoren wie Glufosinate und Bilanaphos;
DHP-Synthase-Inhibitoren wie Asulam;
Mitose-Inhibitoren wie Benfluralin, Butralin, Dinitramine, Ethalfluralin, Fluchloralin, i- Sopropalin, Methalpropalin, Nitralin, Oryzalin, Pendimethalin, Prodiamine, Profluralin, Trifluralin, Amiprofos-methyl, Butamifos, Dithiopyr, Thiazopyr, Propyzamide, Tebutam, Chlorthal, Carbetamide, Chlorbufam, Chlorpropham and Propham;
VLCFA-Inhibitoren wie Acetochlor, Alachlor, Butachlor, Butenachlor, Delachlor, Dietha- tyl, Dimethachlor, Dimethenamid, Dimethenamid-P, Metazachlor, Metolachlor, S-
Metolachlor, Pretilachlor, Propachlor, Propisochlor, Prynachlor, Terbuchlor, Thenylch- lor, Xylachlor, Allidochlor, CDEA, Epronaz, Diphenamid, Napropamide, Naproanilide,
Pethoxamid, Flufenacet, Mefenacet, Fentrazamide, Anilofos, Piperophos, Cafenstrole,
Indanofan und Tridiphan;
Inhibitoren für die Biosynthese von Cellulose wie Dichlobenil, Chlorthiamid, Isoxaben und Flupoxam;
Herbizide wie Dinofenat, Dinoprop, Dinosam, Dinoseb, Dinoterb, DNOC, Etinofen und Medinoterb;
Auxin-Herbizide wie Clomeprop, 2,4-D, 2,4, 5-T, MCPA, MCPA Thioethyl, Dichlorprop, Dichlorprop-P, Mecoprop, Mecoprop-P, 2,4-DB, MCPB, Chloramben, Dicamba, 2,3,6- TBA, Tricamba, Quinclorac, Quinmerac, Clopyralid, Fluroxypyr, Picloram, Triclopyr und Benazolin;
Auxin-Transport-Inhibitoren wie Naptalam, Diflufenzopyr;
außerdem: Benzoylprop, Flamprop, Flamprop-M, Bromobutide, Chlorflurenol, Cin- methylin, Methyldymron, Etobenzanid, Fosamine, Metam, Pyributicarb, Oxaziclomefo- ne, Dazomet, Triaziflam und Methyl bromide.
Der Begriff "Safener" hat die folgende Bedeutung: Es ist bekannt, dass in einigen Fällen bessere Herbizidverträglichkeit durch die gemeinsame Applikation spezifisch wirkender Herbizide mit organischen aktiven Verbindungen erreicht werden kann, welche selber herbizid wirken können. In diesen Fällen wirken diese Verbindungen als Antidot oder Antagonist und werden aufgrund der Tatsache, dass sie Schaden von Nutzpflanzen reduzieren bzw. verhindern als "Safener" bezeichnet.
Die folgende Liste zeigt mögliche Safener auf, soll aber nicht auf diese beschränkt sein:
benoxacor, cloquintocet, cyometrinil, dichlormid, dicyclonon, dietholate, fenchlorazole, fenclorim, flurazole, fluxofenim, furilazole, isoxadifen, mefenpyr, mephenate, naphthalic anhydride, 2,2,5-trimethyl-3-(dichloroacetyl)-1 ,3-oxazolidine (R-29148), 4- (dichloroacetyl)-1-oxa-4-azaspiro[4.5]decane (AD-67; MON 4660) und oxabetrinil.
Die folgende Liste von Verbindungen mit wachstumsregulatorischer Wirkung zeigt mögliche Wirkstoffe auf, soll aber nicht auf diese beschränkt sein:
1-Naphthylacetamid, 1-Naphthylessigsäure, 2-Naphthyloxyessigsäure, 3-CPA, 4-CPA, Ancymidol, Anthrachinon, BAP, Butifos; Tribufos, Butralin, Chlorflurenol, Chlormequat, Clofencet, Cyclanilide, Daminozide, Dicamba, Dikegulac sodium, Dimethipin, Chlorfe- nethol, Etacelasil, Ethephon, Ethychlozate, Fenoprop, 2,4,5-TP, Fluoridamid, Flurprimidol, Flutriafol, Gibberellic acid, Gibberillin, Guazatin, Imazalil, Indolylbuttersäure, Indo- lylessigsäure, Karetazan, Kinetin, Lactidichlor-ethyl, Maleic hydrazide, Mefluidide, Me- piquat-chlorid, Naptalam, Paclobutrazole, Prohexadione calcium, Quinmerac, Sintofen, Tetcyclacis, Thidiazuron, Triiodobezoicacid, Triapenthenol, Triazethan, Tribufos, Trine- xapacethyl.Uniconazole.
Bevorzugt sind Pestizide mit einem Schmelzpunkt von weniger als 100°C, vozugswei- se flufenacet, cyprodinil, dinocap, DNOC, dodemorph, dodemorph acetate, fenpropidin, fenpropimorph, flusilazole, imazalil, myclobutanil, nitrothal-isopropyl, penconazole, pro-
pamocarb hydrochloride, pyraclostrobin, spiroxamin, benfluralin, bromoxynil, clodina- fop-propargyl, cyhalofop-butyl.dinoterb, DNOC, ethofumesate, fluoroglycofen-ethyl, flurochloridone, fluroxypyr-meptyl, haloxyfop-etotyl, haloxyfop-methyl, ioxynil octanoa- te, napropamide, Oxyfuorifen, pendimethalin, Propanil, pyridate, quizalofop-P-ethyl, quizalofop-P-tefuryl, trifluralin, alpha-cypermethrin, anilofos, azinphos-ethyl, azinphos- methyl, Benzoximate, beta-cypermethrin, Chlorpyrifos, cypermethrin, deltamethrin, dimethylvinphos, endosulfan, esfenvalerate, fenoxycarb, fenvalerate, flamprop-M- isopropyl, methoxychlor, metolcarb, monocrotophos, phosmet, pyridaphenthion, res- methrin, silafluofen, tetramethrin, thiofanox, triazamate, trichlorfon, Trifloxystrobin und xylylcarb und prochloraz, besonders bevorzugt pendimethalin, pyraclostrobin, trifloxystrobin, spiroxamin, fenpropimorph, prochloraz.
Besonders bevorzugt sind flüssige oder ölige Pestizide mit geringer Wasserlöslichkeit. Ebenfalls bevorzugt sind flüssige oder ölige Wirkstoffe, die eine Löslichkeit von weniger als 50g/ 1 oder bevorzugt weniger als 10g/ 1 Wasser aufweisen.
Wenn der Wirkstoff fest vorliegt, so kann in einer Ausführungsform der vorliegenden Erfindung dieser bei erhöhter Temperatur oder in Gegenwart von Lösungsmitteln, in das Polymerteilchen eingearbeitet werden.
Beispiele für geeignete Lösungsmittel sind dem Fachmann bekannt, wie z.B. Ketone, wie Methyl-isobutyl-keton und Cyclohexanon, femer Amide, wie Dimethylformamid, weiterhin cyclische Verbindungen, wie N-Methyl-pyrrolidon, N-Octyl-pyrrolidon, N- Dodecyl-pyrrolidon, N-Octyl-caprolactam, N-Dodecyl-Caprolactam und y-Butyrolacton, darüber hinaus stark polare Solventien, wie Dimethylsulfoxid, ferner aromatische Kohlenwasserstoffe, wie XyIoI, außerdem Ester, wie Propylenglykol-monomethylether- acetat, Adipinsäure-5 dibutylester, Essigsäurehexylester, Essigsäure-heptylester, Zit- ronensäure-tri— n-butylester, Phthalsäure-diethylester und Phthalsäure-di-n-butylester, und weiterhin Alkohole, wie Ethanol, n- und i-Propanol, n- und i-Butanol, n- und i- Amylalkohol, Benzylalkohol,1 -Methoxy-2-propanol, aromatische Cs bis Cn Petroleum Derivate mit einem Siedepunktbereich von 130°C to 300°C (z.B. kommerziell erhältlich unter den folgenden Handelsnamen: Solvesso 100, Solvesso 150, Solvesso 200, SoI- vesso 150ND, Solvesso 200ND, Aromatic 150 und Aromatic 200), sowie Butylacetat.
In der Regel wird das Lösungsmittel nach erfolgter Einarbeitung des Wirkstoffs in die Polymerteilchen wieder entfernt (z.B. abdestilliert).
Besonders bei Wirkstoffen mit Amino- oder Säuregruppen ist darauf zu achten, dass die Polymerteilchen durch den Wirkstoff nicht in einen pH- Bereich gelangen, in dem sie sich auflösen.
Handelt es sich bei den Wirkstoffen um hoch schmelzende Stoffe mit geringer Löslichkeit in organischen Lösungsmitteln kann es im Rahmen der vorliegenden Erfindung vorteilhaft sein, die Polymerteilchen durch Zusatz eines Emulgators zu stabilisieren. Geeignete Emulgatoren sind weiter unten aufgeführt.
In einer weiteren Ausführungsform der vorliegenden Erfindung kann bei sehr hohen Wirkstoff/Polymer- Verhältnissen die Wasserphase durch geringe Mengen Puffer, z.B. im ppm-Bereich, in dem für die Teilchen unlöslichen pH- Bereich, bei carboxylgrup- penhaltigen Polymerteilchen z. B. im Bereich pH 3- 4 zu puffern.
Das Einarbeiten der Wirkstoffe in die Polymerteilchen erfolgt im allgemeinen in wässeriger Dispersion.
Bei erhöhter Temperatur erfolgt die Einarbeitung bevorzugt in Rührapparaturen.
Das Einarbeiten von Flüssigkeiten bei Raumtemperatur kann durch einfaches Schütteln oder bevorzugt in Über-Kopf-Mischern erfolgen. Im allgemeinen wird nur langsam gerührt. Die Anwendung von großen Scherkräften (Turbomischer etc.) ist zu vermeiden.
Aufgrund der Stabilität der erfindungsgemäßen pH-sensitiven Polymer/ Wirkstoffkombinationen ist es möglich, auch sehr feinteilige wirkstoffhaltige Polymerteilchen (Durchmesser z. B. 50nm) herzustellen, die bei herkömmlichen Formulierungen durch einfaches Zerteilen auch bei hohen Scherkräften ansonsten nicht zugänglich sind.
Die vorliegende Erfindung umfasst auch agrochemische Formulierungen enthaltend erfindungsgemäße polymerhaltige Wirkstoffteilchen sowie weitere für die Formulierung von Pestiziden geeignete Hilfsmittel.
Die vorliegende Erfindung umfasst weiterhin agrochemische Formulierung enthaltend polymerhaltige Wirkstoffteilchen dispergiert in Wasser sowie ggf. weitere für die Formulierung von Pestiziden geeignete Hilfsmittel.
Hierbei liegt der Wassergehalt im Bereich 20- 99,9 Gew%, bevorzugt im Bereich 40- 95 Gew%. Diese wässrige Dispersion stellt eine Ausführungsform einer agrochemischen Formulierung dar, und kann auch noch weitere Hilfsmittel für die Formulierung von Pestiziden enthalten.
Alternativ ist es möglich, die über die oben genannten Herstellungsverfahren erhalte- nen wässrigen Dispersionen enthaltend wirkstoffhaltige Polymerteilchen zu trocken (z.B. Gefriertrocknung, Sprühtrocknung), um so die feinen wirkstoffhaltigen Polymerteilchen als Feststoff zu gewinnen, der dann in den verschiedenartigsten agrochemi-
sehen Formulierungen zur besonders schnellen Freisetzung von Wirkstoffen verwendet werden kann. Hierbei können die erfindungemäßen Polymerteilchen mit entsprechenden Hilfsstoffen für die Herstellung von festen oder flüssigen Formulierungen versetzt werden.
Der Begriff Hilfsmittel beschreibt oberflächenaktive Stoffe wie Netzmittel, Haftmittel oder Dispergiermittel, Schutzkolloide, Antischäumungsmittel, Verdicker, Frostschutzmittel, Bakterizide sowie für Beizformulierungen Kleber und Pigmente.
Als Schutzkolloide, die in den erfindungsgemäßen Formulierungen enthalten sein können, kommen alle zur Formulierung von agrochemischen Wirkstoffen üblichen Schutzkolloide in Betracht, d.h. im vorliegendnen Falle alle, dem Fachmann bekannten wasserlöslichen Polymere mit amphiphilem Charakter wie zum Beispiel Proteine, denaturierte Proteine, Polysaccharide, hydrophob modifizierte Stärken, und synthetische Po- lymere, bevorzugt Polyvinylalkohol, Polycarboxylate, Polyalkoxylate, Polyvinylamin, Polyethylenimin, Polyvinylpyrrolidon und deren Copolymere
Als Emulgatoren, die in den erfindungsgemäßen Formulierungen enthalten sein können, kommen alle zur Formulierung von agrochemischen Wirkstoffen üblichen nichtio- nischen, anionischen und kationischen Dispergiermittel in Betracht. Beispiele sind
Alkali-, Erdalkali-, Ammoniumsalze von Ligninsulfonsäure, Naphthalinsulfonsäure, Phe- nolsulfonsäure, Dibutylnaphthalinsulfonsäure, Alkylarylsulfonate, Alkylsulfate, Alkylsul- fonate, Fettalkoholsulfate, Fettsäuren und sulfatierte Fettalkoholglykolether, ferner Kondesationsprodukte von sulfoniertem Naphthalin und Naphthalinderivaten mit For- maldehyd, Kondensationsprodukte des Naphthalins bzw. der Naphtalinsulfonsäure mit Phenol und Formaldehyd, Polyoxyethylenoctylphenolether, ethoxyliertes Isooctylphe- nol, Octylphenol, Nonylphenol, Alkylphenolpolyglykolether, Tributylphenylpolyglyko- lether, Tristerylphenylpolyglykolether, Alkyl-arylpolyetheralkohole, Alkohol- und Fettal- koholethylenoxid-Kondensate, ethoxyliertes Rizinusöl, Polyoxyethylenalkylether, etho- xyliertes Polyoxypropylen, Laurylalkoholpoly-glykoletheracetal, Sorbitester, Ligninsulfi- tablaugen und Methylcellulose.
Als Verdicker, die in den erfindungsgemäßen Formulierungen enthalten sein können, kommen alle zur Formulierung von agrochemischen Wirkstoffen üblichen Verdicker in Betracht. Beispiele für Verdicker (d.h. Verbindungen, die der Formulierung ein pseudoplastisches Fließverhalten verleihen, d.h. hohe Viskosität im Ruhezustand und niedrige Viskosität im bewegten Zustand) sind beispielsweise Polysaccharide bzw. organische Schichtmineralien wie Xanthan Gum (Kelzan® der Fa. Kelco), Rhodopol® 23 (Rhone Poulenc) oder Veegum® (Firma RT. Vanderbilt) oder Attaclay® (Firma Engelhardt).
Als Antischaummittel, die in den erfindungsgemäßen Formulierungen enthalten sein können, kommen alle zur Formulierung von agrochemischen Wirkstoffen üblichen Anti-
schaummittel in Betracht. Beispiele für Antischaummittel sind Silikonemulsionen (wie z.Bsp. Silikon® SRE, Firma Wacker oder Rhodorsil® der Firma Rhodia), langkettige Alkohole, Fettsäuren, fluororganische Verbindungen und deren Gemische in Betracht. Bakterizide können zur Stabilisierung der wäßrigen Fungizid-Formulierung zugesetzt werden. Als Bakterizide, die in den erfindungsgemäßen Formulierungen enthalten sein können, kommen alle zur Formulierung von agrochemischen Wirkstoffen üblichen Bakterizide in Betracht wie zum Beispiel Bakterizide basierend auf Diclorophen und Benzy- lalkoholhemiformal. Beispiele für Bakterizide sind Proxel® der Fa. ICI oder Acticide® RS der Fa. Thor Chemie und Kathon® MK der Firma Rohm & Haas.
Als Frostschutzmittel, die in den erfindungsgemäßen Formulierungen enthalten sein können, kommen alle zur Formulierung von agrochemischen Wirkstoffen üblichen Frostschutzmittel in Betracht. Geeignete Frostschutzmittel sind z.B. Ethylenglycol, Pro- pylenglycol, Harnstoff oder Glycerin..
Als Kleber, kommen alle üblichen in Beizmitteln einsetzbaren Bindemittel in Frage. Vorzugsweise genannt seien Polyvinylpyrrolidon, Polyvinylacetat, Polyvinylalkohol und TyI ose.
Des weiteren könnenden erfindungsgemäßen Formulierungen optional auch Farbstoffe zugesetzt werden. Hierbei kommen alle für derartige Zwecke üblichen Farbstoffe in Betracht. Dabei sind sowohl in Wasser wenig lösliche Pigmente als auch in Wasser lösliche Farbstoffe verwendbar. Als Beispiele genannt seien die unter den Bezeichnungen Rhodamin B, Cl. Pigment Red 1 12 und Cl. Solvent Red 1 bekannten Farbstoffe, sowie pigment blue 15:4, pigment blue 15:3, pigment blue 15:2, pigment blue 15:1 , pigment blue 80, pigment yellow 1 , pigment yellow 13, pigment red 1 12, pigment red 48:2, pigment red 48:1 , pigment red 57:1 , pigment red 53:1 , pigment orange 43, pigment orange 34, pigment orange 5, pigment green 36, pigment green 7, pigment white 6, pigment brown 25, basic violet 10, basic violet 49, acid red 51 , acid red 52, acid red 14, acid blue 9, acid yellow 23, basic red 10, basic red 108
Die Herstellung der entsprechender, agrochemischer Formulierungstypen auf Basis der erfindungsgemässen Wirkstoffteilchen sowie die dafür benötigte Technologie ist dem Fachmann bekannt (vgl. US 3,060,084, EP-A 707 445 (für flüssige Konzentrate), Browning, "Agglomeration", Chemical Engineering, Dec. 4, 1967, 147-48, Perry's
Chemical Engineer's Handbook, 4th Ed., McGraw-Hill, New York, 1963, S. 8-57 und ff. WO 91/13546, US 4,172,714, US 4,144,050, US 3,920,442, US 5,180,587, US 5,232,701 , US 5,208,030, GB 2,095,558, US 3,299,566, Klingman, Weed Control as a Science, John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York, 1961 , Hance et al., Weed Control Handbook, 8th Ed., Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford, 1989 und Mollet, H., Grubemann, A., Formulation technology, Wiley VCH Verlag GmbH, Weinheim (Federal Republic of Germany), 2001).
Die Größe der wirkstoffhaltigen Polymerteilchen wird in erster Linie durch die Größe der Polymerteilchen und das Wirkstoff/ Polymer- Verhältnis bestimmt. So wird ein 100nm großes Polymerteilchen, das die 7fache Menge an Wirkstoff aufnimmt, seine Masse ver 8- fachen. Dies bedeutet bei vergleichbarer Dichte von Wirkstoff und Polymerteilchen eine Verdopplung des Durchmessers auf 200nm. Entsprechend wird ein Teilchen (Durchmesser 100nm), das die 124fache Menge an Wirkstoff aufnimmt, entsprechend einem Anstieg der Gesamtmasse auf das 125fache, auf einen Durchmesser von 500nm vergrößert.
Wie ausgeführt, können die pH- sensitiven, geregelten Polymerteilchen sogar das 1000fache ihres eigenen Volumens an Wirkstoff aufnehmen entsprechend einem Anstieg der Teilchengröße auf das 10fache.
In der Regel sind die wirkstoffhaltigen Polymerteilchen kugelförmig mit einer glatten Oberfläche. Bevorzugt handelt es sich um nicht koagulierte, frei bewegliche Einzelteilchen, in denen der Wirkstoff homogen verteilt ist. Bevorzugt sind die Teilchen monodispers, d.h. >80Gew% aller Teilchen zeigen denselben Teilchendurchmes- ser.Daneben ist es auch möglich, Wirkstoff haltige Polymerteilchen mit einer bimodalen oder multimodalen Teilchengrößenverteilung einzusetzen. Dies ist einerseits von Interesse, wenn man die Teilchen in wässeriger Dispersion mit einem möglichst geringen Gehalt an Wasser zur Anwendung bringen möchte, andererseits bietet sich diese Möglichkeit an, wenn man in einer Dispersion unterschiedliche wirkstoffhaltige Polymerteilchen mit z.B. unterschiedlichen Freisetzungsbedingungen realisieren möchte.
Im allgemeinen ergibt sich mit diesen wirkstoffhaltigen Polymerteilchen bei Erreichen des entsprechenden pH- Wertes, bei dem das Teilchen löslich ist, eine schnelle Freisetzung des Wirkstoffes.
In einer Ausführungsform der vorliegenden Erfindung sind die erfindungsgemäßen wirkstoffhaltigen Polymerteilchen dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Polymerteilchen einen Gehalt an < 1 Gew% an Monomeren der allgemeinen Formel
(I) (CH2=CRi-CO-(-O-CHR2-CO-)m-O-)n-R3
wobei Ri und R2 unabhängig von einander für H oder CH3 stehen, m für 1- 20 steht und
R3 für einen gegebenenfalls substituierten Alkylrest mit 1- 18 Kohlenstoffatomen für n= 1 bzw. für einen gegebenenfalls substiuierten Alkylidenrest mit 2- 18 Kohlen- stoffatomen für n=2 steht, aufweisen.
Ganz besonders bevorzugt sind wirkstoffhaltige Polymerteilchen, deren Polymerkomponente die oben genannten Monomeren (I) überhaupt nicht enthalten.
Die vorliegende Erfindung umfasst auch Verfahren zur Bekämpfung von phytopatho- genen Pilzen und/oder unerwünschtem Pflanzenwuchs und/oder unerwünschtem Insekten- oder Milbenbefall und/oder zur Regulation des Wachstums von Pflanzen, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß man eine erfindungsgemäße Formulierung auf die jeweiligen Schädlinge (d.h. phytopathogenen Pilze und/oder unerwünschte Insekten oder Milben), deren Lebensraum oder die vor dem jeweiligen Schädling zu schützenden Pflanzen, Saatgut dieser Pflanzen den Boden und/oder auf unerwünschte Pflanzen und/oder deren Lebensraum einwirken lässt.
Der Begriff phytopathogene Pilze beschreibt ist aber nicht beschränkt auf folgende Spezies:
Alternaria spp. an Reis, Gemüse, Sojabohnen, Raps, Zuckerrübe und Früchen, Apha- nomyces spp. an Zuckerrübe und Gemüse, Bipolaris and Drechslera spp. Mais, Getreide, Reis und Zierrasen, Blumeria graminis (powdery mildew) an Getreide, Botrytis cinerea (gray mold) an Erdbeeren, Gemüse, Zierblumen, Weintrauben, Bremia lactu- cae an Salat, Cercospora spp. an Mais, Soja, und Zuckerrübe, Cochliobolus spp. an Mais, Getreide, Reis (e.g. Cochliobolus sativus an Getreide, Cochliobolus miyabeanus an Reis), Colletotrichum spp. an Soja und Baumwolle, Drechslera spp. an Getreide und Korn / Mais , Exserohilum spp. an Mais, Erysiphe cichoracearum und Sphaerotheca fuliginea an Gurken, Erysiphe necator an Weintrauben, Fusarium and Verticillium spp. an unterschiedlichen Pflanzen, Gaeumannomyces graminis an Getreide, Gibberella spp. an Getreide und Reis (e.g. Gibberella fujikuroi an Reis, Gibberella zeae an Getreide), Grainstaining complex an Reis, Microdochium nivale an Getreide, Mycosphaerella spp. an Getreide, bananas and peanuts, Phakopsora pachyrhizi und Phakopsora meibomiae on soybeans, Phomopsis spp. an Soja and sunflower, Phytophthora in- festans an potatoes and tomatoes, Plasmopara viticola an Weintrauben, Podosphae- ra leucotricha an Äpfeln, Pseudocercosporella herpotrichoides an Weizen und Gerste, Pseudoperonospora spp. an Hofpen und Gurke, Puccinia spp. an Getreide und Mais, Pyrenophora spp. an Getreide, Pyricularia oryzae an Reis, , Cochliobolus miyabeanus and Corticium sasakii (Rhizoctonia solani), Fusarium semitectum (and/or moniliforme), Cercospora oryzae, Sarocladium oryzae, S attenuatum, Entyloma oryzae, Gibberella fujikuroi (bakanae), Grainstaining complex (various pathogens), Bipolaris spp., Drechslera spp. und Pythium and Rhizoctonia spp. an Reis, Mais, Baumwolle, Sonnenblume, Raps, Raps (canola, oilseed rape), Gemüse, Zierrasen, Nüsse und weitere Pflanzen, Rhizoctonia solani an Kartoffel, Sclerotinia spp. an Rapsarten (canola/oilseed rape) und Sonnenblume , Septoria tritici and Stagonospora nodorum an Weizen, Uncinula necator an Weintrauben, Sphacelotheca reiliana an Mais , Thievaliopsis spp. an Soja
und Baumwolle, Tilletia spp. an Getreiden , Ustilago spp. an Getreide, Mais, Zuckerrohr und, Venturia spp. (scab) an Äpfeln und Birnen.
Der Begriff unerwünschte Insekten- oder Milben beschreibt ist aber nicht beschränkt auf folgende Gattungen:
Millipeden (Diplopoda) z.B. Blaniulus spp
Ameisen (Hymenoptera), z.B. Atta capiguara, Atta cephalotes, Atta laevigata, Atta ro- busta, Atta sexdens, Atta texana, Monomorium pharaonis, Solenopsis geminata, SoIe- nopsis invicta, Pogonomyrmex spp und Pheidole megacephala,
Käfer (Coleoptera), z.B. Agrilus sinuatus, Agriotes lineatus, Agriotes obscurus und andere Agriotes spp, Amphimallus solstitialis, Anisandrus dispar, Anthonomus grandis, Anthonomus pomorum, Aracanthus morei, Atomaria linearis, Blapstinus spp,
Blastophagus piniperda, Blitophaga undata, Bothynoderes punciventris, Bruchus rufi- manus, Bruchus pisorum, Bruchus lentis, Byctiscus betulae, Cassida nebulosa, Cero- toma trifurcata, Ceuthorrhynchus assimilis, Ceuthorrhynchus napi, Chaetocnema tibia- Ns, Conoderus vespertinus und andere Conoderus spp, Conorhynchus mendicus, Crio- ceris asparagi, Cylindrocopturus adspersus, Diabrotica (longicornis) barberi, Diabrotica semi-punctata, Diabrotica speciosa, Diabrotica undecimpunctata, Diabrotica virgifera und andere Diabrotica spp, Eleodes spp, Epilachna varivestis, Epitrix hirtipennis, Euti- nobothrus brasiliensis, Hylobius abietis, Hypera brunneipennis, Hypera postica, Ips typographus, Lema bilineata, Lema melanopus, Leptinotarsa decemlineata, Limonius californicus und andere Limonius spp, Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus, Listronotus bonarien- sis, Melanotus communis und andere Melanotus spp, Meligethes aeneus, Melolontha hippocastani, Melolontha melolontha, Oulema oryzae, Ortiorrhynchus sulcatus, Ory- zophagus oryzae, Otiorrhynchus ovatus, Oulema oryzae, Phaedon cochleariae, Phyl- lotreta chrysocephala, Phyllophaga cuyabana und andere Phyllophaga spp, Phyllo- pertha horticola, Phyllotreta nemorum, Phyllotreta striolata, und andere Phyllotreta spp, Popillia japonica, Promecops carinicollis, Premnotrypes voraz, Psylliodes spp, Sitona lineatus, Sitophilus granaria, Sternechus pinguis, Sternechus subsignatus, und Tany- mechus palliatus und andere Tanymechus spp,
Fliegen (Diptera) z.B. Agromyza oryzea, Chrysomya bezziana, Chrysomya hominivo- rax, Chrysomya macellaria, Contarinia sorghicola, Cordylobia anthropophaga, Dacus Cucurbitae, Dacus oleae, Dasineura brassicae, DeNa antique, DeNa coarctata, DeNa platura, DeNa radicum, Fannia canicularis, Gasterophilus intestinalis, Geomyza Tri- punctata, Glossina morsitans, Haematobia irritans, Haplodiplosis equestris, Hypoder- ma lineata, Liriomyza sativae, Liriomyza trifolii, Lucilia caprina, Lucilia cuprina, Lucilia sericata, Lycoria pectoralis, Mayetiola destructor, Muscina stabulans, Oestrus ovis, Opomyza florum, Oscinella frit, Pegomya hysocyami, Phorbia antiqua, Phorbia brassi-
cae, Phorbia coarctata, Progonya leyoscianii, Psila rosae, Rhagoletis cerasi, Rhagole- tis pomonella, Tabanus bovinus, Tetanops myopaeformis, Tipula oleracea und Tipula paludosa,
Heteroptera (Heteroptera), z.B. Acrosternum hilare, Blissus leucopterus, Cicadellidae z.B. Empoasca fabae, Chrysomelidae, Cyrtopeltis notatus, Delpahcidae, Dysdercus cingulatus, Dysdercus intermedius, Eurygaster integriceps, Euschistus impictiventris, Leptoglossus phyllopus, Lygus lineolaris, Lygus pratensis, Nephotettix spp, Nezara viridula, Pentatomidae, Piesma quadrata, Solubea insularis und Thyanta perditor,
Blattläuse und andere Homoptera, e.g. Acyrthosiphon onobrychis, Adelges laricis, Aphidula nasturtii, Aphis fabae, Aphis forbesi, Aphis glycines, Aphis gossypii, Aphis grossulariae, Aphis pomi, Aphis schneiden, Aphis spiraecola, Aphis sambuci, Acyrthosiphon pisum, Aulacorthum solani, Brachycaudus cardui, Brachycaudus helichrysi, Brachycaudus persicae, Brachycaudus prunicola, Brevicoryne brassicae, Capitophorus horni, Cerosipha gossypii, Chaetosiphon fragaefolii, Cryptomyzus ribis, Dreyfusia nordmannianae, Dreyfusia piceae, Dysaphis radicola, Dysaulacorthum pseudosolani, Dysaphis plantaginea, Dysaphis pyri, Empoasca fabae, Hyalopterus pruni, Hyperomy- zus lactucae, Macrosiphum avenae, Macrosiphum euphorbiae, Macrosiphon rosae, Megoura viciae, Melanaphis pyrarius, Metopolophium dirhodum, Myzodes (Myzus) persicae, Myzus ascalonicus, Myzus cerasi, Myzus varians, Nasonovia ribis-nigri, NiIa- parvata lugens, Pemphigus bursarius, Pemphigus populivenae, und andere Pemphigus spp, Perkinsiella saccharicida, Phorodon humuli, Psyllidae z.B. Psylla mali, Psylla piri und andere Psylla spp, Rhopalomyzus ascalonicus, Rhopalosiphum maidis, Rhopalo- siphum padi, Rhopalosiphum insertum, Sappaphis mala, Sappaphis mali, Schizaphis graminum, Schizoneura lanuginosa, Sitobion avenae, Trialeurodes vaporariorum, To- xoptera aurantiiand, und Viteus vitifolii;
Lepidoptera, for example Agrotis ypsilon, Agrotis segetum und andere Agrotis spp, Alabama argillacea, Anticarsia gemmatalis, Argyresthia conjugella, Autographa gam- ma, Bupalus piniarius, Cacoecia murinana, Capua reticulana, Cheimatobia brumata, Chilo suppresalis und andere Chilo spp.Choristoneura fumiferana, Choristoneura occi- dentalis, Cirphis unipuncta, Cnaphlocrocis medinalis, Cydia pomonella, Dendrolimus pini, Diaphania nitidalis, Diatraea grandiosella, Earias insulana, Elasmopalpus lignosel- lus, Eupoecilia ambiguella, Euxoa spp, Evetria bouliana, Feltia subterranea, Galleria mellonella, Grapholitha funebrana, Grapholitha molesta, Heliothis armigera, Heliothis virescens, Heliothis zea, HeIIuIa undalis, Hibernia defoliaria, Hyphantria cunea, Hypo- nomeuta malinellus, Keiferia lycopersicella, Lambdina fiscellaria, Laphygma exigua, Lerodea eufala, Leucoptera coffeella, Leucoptera scitella, Lithocolletis blancardella, Lobesia botrana, Loxostege sticticalis, Lymantria dispar, Lymantria monacha, Lyonetia clerkella, Malacosoma neustria, Mamestra brassicae, Momphidae, Orgyia pseudotsu- gata, Ostrinia nubilalis, Panolis flammea, Pectinophora gossypiella, Peridroma saucia, Phalera bucephala, Phthorimaea operculella, Phyllocnistis citrella, Pieris brassicae,
Plathypena scabra, Plutella xylostella, Pseudoplusia includens, Rhyacionia frustrana, Scrobipalpula absoluta.Sesamia nonagrioides und andere Sesamia spp, Sitotroga ce- realella, Sparganothis pilleriana, Spodoptera frugiperda, Spodoptera littoralis, Spodop- tera litura, Thaumatopoea pityocampa, Tortrix viridana, Trichoplusia ni und Zeiraphera canadensis,
Orthoptera, z.B. Acrididae, Acheta domestica, Blatta orientalis, Blattella germanica, Forficula auricularia, Gryllotalpa gryllotalpa, Locusta migratoria, Melanoplus bivittatus, Melanoplus femur-rubrum, Melanoplus mexicanus, Melanoplus sanguinipes, MeIa- noplus spretus, Nomadacris septemfasciata, Periplaneta americana, Schistocerca a- mericana, Schistocerca peregrina, Stauronotus maroccanus und Tachycines asynamo- rus ;
Termiten (Isoptera), z.B. Calotermes flavicollis, Coptotermes spp, Dalbulus maidis, Leucotermes flavipes, Macrotermes gilvus, Reticulitermes lucifugus und Termes nata- lensis;
Thripse (Thysanoptera) z.B. Frankliniella fusca, Frankliniella occidentalis, Frankliniella tritici und andere Frankliniella spp, Scirtothrips citri, Thrips oryzae, Thrips palmi, Thrips simplex und Thrips tabaci,
Spinnentiere, z.B. Arachniden (Acarina), for example e.g. of the families Argasidae, Ixodidae und Sarcoptidae, z.B. Amblyomma americanum, Amblyomma variegatum, Argas persicus, Boophilus annulatus, Boophilus decoloratus, Boophilus microplus, Dermacentor silvarum, Hyalomma truncatum, Ixodes ricinus, Ixodes rubicundus, Orni- thodorus moubata, Otobius megnini, Dermanyssus gallinae, Psoroptes ovis, Rhipi- cephalus appendiculatus, Rhipicephalus evertsi, Sarcoptes scabiei, und Eriophyidae spp z.B. Aculus schlechtendali, Phyllocoptrata oleivora und Eriophyes sheldoni; Tarso- nemidae spp z.B. Phytonemus pallidus und Polyphagotarsonemus latus; Tenuipalpidae spp z.B. Brevipalpus phoenicis; Tetranychidae spp z.B. Tetranychus cinnabarinus, Tetranychus kanzawai, Tetranychus pacificus, Tetranychus telarius und Tetranychus urticae, Panonychus ulmi, Panonychus citri, und Oligonychus pratensis;
Nematoden, insbesondere Pflanzenparasitäre Nematoden z.B. "root knot" Nematoden, Meloidogyne hapla, Meloidogyne incognita, Meloidogyne javanica, und andere Meloi- dogyne spp; cyst-forming nematodes, Globodera rostochiensis und andere Globodera spp; Heterodera avenae, Heterodera glycines, Heterodera schachtii, Heterodera trifolii, und andere Heterodera spp; Seed gall nematodes, Anguina spp; Stern und foliar nematodes, Aphelenchoides spp; Sting nematodes, Belonolaimus longicaudatus und an- dere Belonolaimus spp; Pine nematodes, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus und andere Bur- saphelenchus spp; Ring nematodes, Criconema spp, Criconemella spp, Criconemoi- des spp, Mesocriconema spp; Stern und bulb nematodes, Ditylenchus destructor, Dity-
lenchus dipsaci und andere Ditylenchus spp; AwI nematodes, Dolichodorus spp; Spiral nematodes, Heliocotylenchus multicinctus und andere Helicotylenchus spp; Sheath and sheathoid nematodes, Hemicycliophora spp and Hemicriconemoides spp; Hirsh- manniella spp; Lance nematodes, Hoploaimus spp; false rootknot nematodes, Nacob- bus spp; Needle nematodes, Longidorus elongatus und andere Longidorus spp; Lesion nematodes, Pratylenchus neglectus, Pratylenchus penetrans, Pratylenchus curvitatus, Pratylenchus goodeyi und andere Pratylenchus spp; Burrowing nematodes, Radopho- lus similis und andere Radopholus spp; Reniform nematodes, Rotylenchus robustus und andere Rotylenchus spp; Scutellonema spp; Stubby root nematodes, Trichodorus primitivus und andere Trichodorus spp, Paratrichodorus spp; Stunt nematodes, Tylen- chorhynchus claytoni, Tylenchorhynchus dubius und andere Tylenchorhynchus spp; Citrus nematodes, Tylenchulus spp; Dagger nematodes, Xiphinema spp; und andere Pflanzen parasitäte Nematoden.
Bekämpfung unerwünschten Pflanzenwuchses bedeutet die Bekämpfung/Zerstörung von Planzen, welche an Orten wachsen, an welchen sie unerwünscht sind, z.B. von
Dicotyledonen Pflanzen der Arten: Sinapis, Lepidium, Galium, Stellaria, Matricaria, Anthemis, Galinsoga, Chenopodium, Urtica, Senecio, Amaranthus, Portulaca, Xan- thium, Convolvulus, Ipomoea, Polygonum, Sesbania, Ambrosia, Cirsium, Carduus, Sonchus, Solanum, Rorippa, Rotala, Lindernia, Lamium, Veronica, Abutilon, Emex, Datura, Viola, Galeopsis, Papaver, Centaurea, Trifolium, Ranunculus, Taraxacum.
Monocotyledonen Pflanzen der Arten: Echinochloa, Setaria, Panicum, Digitaria, Phleum, Poa, Festuca, Eleusine, Brachiaria, Lolium, Bromus, Avena, Cyperus, Sorghum, Agropyron, Cynodon, Monochoria, Fimbristyslis, Sagittaria, Eleocharis, Scirpus, Paspalum, Ischaemum, Sphenoclea, Dactyloctenium, Agrostis, Alopecurus, Apera
Die vorliegende Erfindung beansprucht auch Saatgut, gebeizt mit einer erfindungsge- mäßen Formulierung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8. Hierbei variiren die Wirkstoffmengen im allgemeinen zwischen 0,1 g bis 10 kg pro 100 kg Saatgut, vorzugsweise von 1 g bis 5 kg pro 100 kg Saatgut, besonders bevorzugt von 1 g bis 2,5 kg pro 100 kg Saatgut. Für spezielles Saatgut wie Salat können auch höhere Wirkstoffmengen verwendet werden.
Geeignetes Saatgut sind Getreidesaaten Halmfruchtsaaten, Hackfruchtsaaten, Ölsaa- ten, Gemüsesaaten, Gewürzsaatgut, Zierpflanzensaatgut, z.B. Saatgut von Hartweizen, Weizen, Gerste, Hafer, Roggen, Mais (Futtermais und Zuckermais), Soja , Ölsaa- ten, Kreuzblütler, Baumwolle, Sonnenblumen, Bananen, Reis, Raps, Rüben, , Zucker- rüben, Futterrüben Eierpflanzen, Kartoffeln, Gras, (Zier-)Rasen, Futtergras, Tomaten, Lauch, Kürbis, Kohl, Eisberg Salat, Pfeffer, Gruken, Melonen, Brassica spp, Melonen,
Bohnen, Erbsen, Knoblauch, Zwiebeln, Karotten, Knollengewächse wie Zuckerrohr, Tabbak, Weintrauben, Petunien und Geranien, Stiefmütterchen, Springkraut.
Als Saatgut kann auch das Saatgut transgener oder durch herkömmliche Züchtungs- methoden erhaltener Pflanzen eingesetzt werden.
So kann für Saatgut eingesetzt werden, das gegenüber Herbiziden, Fungiziden oder Insektiziden tolerant sind, z.B. gegenüber Sulfonylharnstoffen, Imidazolinonen oder Glufonsinat oder Glyphosate resistenen Pflanzen (s. z.B. EP-A-0242236, EP-A- 242246, WO 92/00377, EP-A-0257993, Shaner und Robinson (1985) Weed Sei. 33:469-471 , Newhouse et al. (1992) Plant Physiol. 100:882886, Barrett et al. (1989) Crop Safeners for Herbicides, Sebastian et al. (1989) Crop Sei. 29:1403-1408; Swan- son et al., 1989 Theor. Appl. Genet. 78:525-530; Newhouse et al. (1991) Theor. Appl. Genet. 83:65-70; Sathasivan et al. (1991) Plant Physiol. 97:1044-1050; Mourand et al. (1993) J. Heredity 84:91-96; U.S. Patent No. 5,545,822, Newhouse et al. (1992) Plant Physiol. 100:882-886, Miller and Al-Khatib (2004) Crop Sei. 44:1037-1038, ((2002) Weed Sei. 50:432-437, White et al. (2003) Weed Sei. 51 :845-853, Ott et al. (1996) J. Mol. Biol. 263:359-368, U.S. Patent Nos. 4,761 ,373, 5,331 ,107, 5,304,732, 6,21 1 ,438, 6,21 1 ,439 and 6,222,100, U.S. Patent No. 5,013,659, U.S. Patent No. 5,731 ,180 and U.S. Patent No. 5,767,361 , U.S. Patent Nos. 5,545,822, 5,736,629, 5,773,703,
5,773,704, 5,952,553 und 6,274,796, WO 03/01436; WO 03/014357, oder Pflanzen, die gegenüber Cyclohexadienon Herbiziden oder Aryloxyphenoxypropionsäure Herbiziden tolerant sind (US 5,162,602 , US 5,290,696 , US 5,498,544 , US 5,428,001 , US 6,069,298 , US 6,268,550 , US 6,146,867 , US 6,222,099 , US 6,414,222) oder in transgenen Pflanzen, z.B. Baumwolle, die Bacillus thuringiensis toxin (Bt toxins) produzieren und dadurch gegenüber bestimmten Schadorganismen gegenüber resistent sind (E P-A-0142924, E P-A-0193259).
Weiterhin kann auch Saatgut von Pflanzen eingesetzt werden, die im Vergleich mit herkömmlichen Pflanzen modifizierte Eigenschaften aufweisen eignesetzt werden. Beispiele hierfür sind geänderte Stärkesynthese (e.g. WO 92/1 1376, WO 92/14827, WO 91/19806) oder Fettsäurezusammensetzungen (WO 91/13972).
Claims
1. Agrochemische Formulierung umfassend wirkstoffhaltige Polymerteilchen, umfassend ein Vinylpolymerisat aus 10- 80 Gew% Amino- und/oder Carboxylgrup- pen enthaltenden Monomeren, das in einem Teil des pH- Bereichs von 0- 10 unlöslich ist und in einem anderen Teilbereich löslich ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass diese wirkstoffhaltigen Polymerteilchen
(i) pro Gewichtsanteil Vinylpolymerisat 3 bis 1000 Gewichtsanteile Pestizid als Wirkstoff enthalten,
(ii) eine Teilchengröße im Bereich 10nm - 100μm aufweisen und
(iii) das Vinylpolymerisat zu > 50 Gew% aus Polymeren mit einem mittleren Molekulargewicht < 100.000 Daltons aufgebaut ist; und
wobei das Pestizid in molekular dispers gelöster Form im Polymer vorliegt.
2. Formulierung gemäß Anspruch 1 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Polymer- komponente aus
A) 20- 90 Gew.% Alkylestern der Acryl- und/oder Methacrylsäure,
B) 80- 10 Gew.% Monomeren mit Carboxylgruppen und/oder Aminogruppen,
C) 0- 40 Gew.% weiteren, mit A) und B) copolymerisierbaren Monomeren besteht.
3. Formulierung gemäß den Ansprüchen 1 oder 2 dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Polymerkomponente zu > 90 Gew.% aus Polymeren mit einem mittleren Molekulargewicht < 20.000 Daltons aufgebaut ist.
4. Formulierung gemäß den Ansprüchen 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass als Wirkstoffe flüssige oder ölige Substanzen mit einer Wasserlöslichkeit von weni- ger als 50g / 1 zum Einsatz kommen.
5. Agrochemische Formulierung enthaltend polymerhaltige Wirkstoffteilchen nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4 sowie weitere für die Formulierung von Pestiziden geeignete Hilfsmittel.
6. Agrochemische Formulierung enthaltend polymerhaltige Wirkstoffteilchen nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4 dispergiert in Wasser sowie optional weitere für die Formulierung von Pestiziden geeignete Hilfsmittel.
7. Verfahren zur Herstellung der Formulierung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass eine wässerige Polymerdispersion enthaltend ein Vinylpolymerisat, das aus 10- 80 Gew.% Amino- und/oder Carboxylgruppen enthaltenden Monomeren aufgebaut ist und das in einem Teil des pH- Bereichs von 0- 10 unlöslich und in einem anderen löslich ist, das zu > 50 Gew.% aus Polyme- ren mit einem Molekulargewicht < 100.000 Daltons besteht, in einem pH- Bereich, in dem das Polymere unlöslich ist, mit 3- 1000 Gewichtsanteilen Wirkstoff pro Gewichtsanteil Polymer versetzt wird, wobei wirkstoffhaltige Polymerteilchen in einem Größenbereich von 10nm- 100μm gebildet werden.
8. Verfahren zur Bekämpfung von phytopathogenen Pilzen und/oder unerwünschtem Pflanzenwuchs und/oder unerwünschtem Insekten- oder Milbenbefall und/oder zur Regulation des Wachstums von Pflanzen, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß man eine Formulierung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6 auf die jeweiligen Schädlinge (d.h. phytopathogenen Pilze und/oder unerwünschte Insekten oder Milben), deren Lebensraum oder die vor dem jeweiligen Schädling zu schützenden Pflanzen, Saatgut dieser Pflanzen den Boden und/oder auf unerwünschte Pflanzen und/oder deren Lebensraum einwirken lässt.
9. Saatgut, gebeizt mit einer Formulierung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6.
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WO2003039254A1 (en) * | 2001-11-07 | 2003-05-15 | Basf Aktiengesellschaft | Cinidon-ethyl containing solid crop protection formulations and corresponding dispersions |
WO2005097197A1 (de) * | 2004-04-05 | 2005-10-20 | Basf Aktiengesellschaft | Wirkstoffhaltige polymerteilchen |
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