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WO2007031337A1 - Procede et dispositif pour usiner des pieces a usiner par enlevement de copeaux - Google Patents

Procede et dispositif pour usiner des pieces a usiner par enlevement de copeaux Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2007031337A1
WO2007031337A1 PCT/EP2006/009018 EP2006009018W WO2007031337A1 WO 2007031337 A1 WO2007031337 A1 WO 2007031337A1 EP 2006009018 W EP2006009018 W EP 2006009018W WO 2007031337 A1 WO2007031337 A1 WO 2007031337A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
clearance angle
tool
workpiece
cutting
cutting edge
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2006/009018
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Wolfgang Hintze
Carsten Möller
Frank Eglins
Original Assignee
Tutech Innovation Gmbh
Technische Universität Hamburg-Harburg
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Tutech Innovation Gmbh, Technische Universität Hamburg-Harburg filed Critical Tutech Innovation Gmbh
Publication of WO2007031337A1 publication Critical patent/WO2007031337A1/fr

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q15/00—Automatic control or regulation of feed movement, cutting velocity or position of tool or work
    • B23Q15/007—Automatic control or regulation of feed movement, cutting velocity or position of tool or work while the tool acts upon the workpiece
    • B23Q15/14—Control or regulation of the orientation of the tool with respect to the work
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
    • G05B2219/00—Program-control systems
    • G05B2219/30—Nc systems
    • G05B2219/50—Machine tool, machine tool null till machine tool work handling
    • G05B2219/50256—Orienting selected tool with respect to workpiece
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
    • G05B2219/00—Program-control systems
    • G05B2219/30—Nc systems
    • G05B2219/50—Machine tool, machine tool null till machine tool work handling
    • G05B2219/50312—Compensation of tool wear by adapting program to profile of tool

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method and apparatus for machining workpieces with a tool having at least one cutting edge.
  • An open space adjoins the cutting edge, which encloses a clearance angle along the cutting edge with the workpiece surface.
  • a rake face that includes a rake angle along the cutting edge with an imaginary perpendicular to the workpiece surface.
  • machining which are characterized by a variable feed.
  • the variation of the feed or the engagement takes place up to the value zero or to a value close to zero, in order to favor a chip breaking.
  • the cutting speed is modulated with the target, the contact between the cutting edge and the workpiece, ie to significantly reduce or interrupt the engagement of the cutting edge to promote chip breaking.
  • a tool holder is known whose critical angle, such as the clearance angle and / or the setting angle, is determined by a CNC control for each section of the geometry of the tool targeted. In order to approach the newly determined position of the tool holder, it is adjusted synchronously with the movement of one of the three linear movement axes. It is also proposed to adjust the clearance angle of the cutting tool with respect to a geometry of the workpiece.
  • the invention is based on the object for the machining, for example, turning, planing or bumping, milling, drilling, broaching or chipping, to improve the service life of the tool with simple dimensions, without degrading the quality of processing.
  • the inventive method for machining workpieces uses a tool with at least one cutting edge, which has a rake face and an open face.
  • the free surface forms along the cutting edge during machining a clearance angle with the workpiece surface.
  • the clearance angle is increased over time.
  • This contact surface is also referred to below as the first section.
  • the clearance angle change is particularly useful in such Zerspanvor réellen useful in which wear marks on the free surface limit the quality of the Zerspanreaes, the workpiece quality or tool life.
  • the change in the clearance angle takes place in the method according to the invention such that when the free surface forms a wear mark, in the area no longer the original clearance angle is present, but due to wear a reduced free angle is present, by changing the free winkeis the cutting edge of the clearance angle in the area the wear mark, ie in the first section, is increased. If one considers the clearance angle not in sections, but point by point, so in the inventive change of the clearance angle, the blade is adjusted so that at all points of the active cutting length (first section) of the clearance angle increases or remains at least constant.
  • the change of the clearance angle according to the invention counteracts the rake angle so that a rake angle change of opposite sign occurs. If one now considers the case of a clearance angle increase for compensation of the free surface wear, the result is a reduction of the rake angle by the same amount. This rake angle leads to an increase in cutting temperature and cutting force.
  • the invention is based on the finding that this disadvantageous effect is not significant in comparison to the positive effect caused by the oppositely equal increase in the free angle.
  • a clearance angle change dominates the behavior of the chip action as compared to the effects of the rake angle change. This effect is independent of whether or not the effective rake angle increases as a result of scumming due to wear.
  • the clearance angle is changed while the blade is engaged with the workpiece.
  • a continuous change of the clearance angle is used when long cutting paths are to be processed without interruption, such as when working on rollers.
  • a relative movement between the tool and workpiece is defined when changing the clearance angle, which is superimposed on the feed and / or cutting movement.
  • the relative movement can be superimposed depending on the type of machining as translational and / or rotational movement. For this purpose it is possible to change the position on the tool side and / or on the workpiece side.
  • the change of the clearance angle is effected by a change in the position and / or the orientation between the workpiece free surface and the tangent, which bears against the contact point of the workpiece.
  • the free-angle change is achieved by a translational and / or rotational movement.
  • the cutting edge is machined in external machining, i. in the processing of convex curved surfaces, in the circumferential direction of the workpiece in the cutting direction forward or in the internal machining, i. the processing of concave curved surfaces, in the circumferential direction of the workpiece counter to the cutting direction, ie backward, translationally adjusted.
  • Such an adjustment can be realized for example by a Y-axis, which is preferably arranged at a distance from the workpiece rotation axis C.
  • a Y-axis which is preferably arranged at a distance from the workpiece rotation axis C.
  • the clearance angle can also be changed between two processing sections.
  • the two processing sections can be formed by the machining of two workpieces and / or by the processing of two contour elements on one or more workpieces.
  • the clearance angle in the first section is increased in order to compensate for a wear-related decrease in the clearance angle.
  • the decrease of the clearance angle can be partially compensated by the wear by the inventive adjustment of the clearance angle in the first section. Based on the first adjustment, the further adjustment operations of the tool are made such that the length of the first section preferably does not change in these.
  • the adjustment of the clearance angle preferably takes place in two independent directions.
  • the object of the invention is also achieved by a method having the features of claim 12.
  • the inventive method according to claim 12 relates to the sizing of a workpiece made of a hard and / or brittle and / or abrasive material with a tool having at least one cutting edge.
  • the group of these materials include, for example, hardened steel materials (from 47 HRC) or cast iron materials or brass or aluminum alloys with higher silicon content or magnesium alloys or fiber and / or particle-reinforced, preferably ceramic reinforced materials.
  • the engagement of the tool in the working plane is changed during the working process.
  • a work process can also include the machining of several workpieces or workpiece contour elements, each with individual Zerspanvor réellen.
  • the work plane is spanned by the cutting and feed directions. Preferably, the work operation or the feed operation is changed.
  • the work operation defines the size of the tool's engagement, measured in the working plane and vertically to the feed direction.
  • the feed engagement defines the amount of engagement of the tool in the feed direction and is particularly important in turning and milling and drilling and rubbing.
  • Important for an effective use of the tool during finishing is that there is the largest possible average engagement of the tool.
  • Finishing is a machining operation under conditions that achieve the desired dimensional and shape accuracy as well as surface quality or roughness on the workpiece. The focus here is on the quality of the workpiece, with the proviso of producing as large a workpiece surface as possible per unit time, and not the maximum possible technically possible per unit time of workpiece volume dispensed with the given pairing of material and cutting material.
  • the change in the engagement makes it possible to avoid periodic profile peaks forming on the workpiece surface with increasing cutting path and increasing cutting time. As a result of the changed engagement, there are fewer wear notches and less chipping on the cutting edge, which results in significantly lower workpiece roughness.
  • the crucial idea is that although the kinematically induced theoretical roughness is increased by the change in engagement, an improved workpiece surface is nevertheless achieved, since the influence of the shearknellability on the workpiece surface quality is dominated by the influence of the theoretical roughness ,
  • the intervention starts from a base value for the intervention and is performed within a predetermined interval. valls varies.
  • the tool remains in engagement with the workpiece.
  • the engagement is erf ⁇ ndungshiel kept always greater than zero.
  • the variation of the Vorschubeingriffes or work intervention takes place in such a way that the value in a predetermined interval continuously or discontinuously fluctuates around an average and is always greater than zero.
  • the variation around the mean value can be realized in various forms, such as in the form of a vibration with a certain amplitude and frequency, in the form of a time- or location-dependent linear growth and decreasing the Vorschubeingriffes or the labor intervention or in the form of a constant value to the Advance intervention or the work intervention gradually increased and lowered accordingly. It follows that the advancing engagement or engagement is always greater than zero, ie, that the process has a substantially higher productivity over existing processes in which chip removal must be accomplished by decreasing the advancing engagement or the zero operation. In this embodiment of the invention, in turn, the clearance angle can be varied according to one of the above features.
  • the object of the invention is also achieved by a device according to claim 16 for machining workpieces with a tool carrier with at least one tool.
  • the tool has at least one cutting edge, which has a rake face and an open face, wherein the free face along the cutting edge during machining encloses a clearance angle with the workpiece surface.
  • means are provided for adjusting a relative position of the workpiece and the tool in such a way that the clearance angle increases in a first section in which the clearance angle decreases as a result of wear during machining.
  • the enlargement of the clearance angle in the first section is effected by a rotation and / or displacement / translational movement of the tool carrier.
  • the adjustment of the tool carrier can be done via a toothing, an NC axis, a torque motor and / or a clutch.
  • the adjusting movement of the tool carrier is superimposed on at least one further movement about a translational and / or rotational axis.
  • FIGS. 4a-d show in schematic views the wear mark widths
  • FIG. 6 is a block diagram for controlling a continuous clearance angle change
  • FIGS. 7 a-f the clearance angle increase when rotating cylinder and plane surfaces of a shaft or annular component
  • FIGS. FIGS. 8a-b show, in a schematic representation from the front and from the side, a recess during longitudinal turning with round cutting plates with a variation of the clearance angle
  • FIG. 8a-b show, in a schematic representation from the front and from the side, a recess during longitudinal turning with round cutting plates with a variation of the clearance angle
  • FIG. 14 measurement results for three different clearance angles
  • FIG. 15 measurement results for a variation of the working engagement
  • FIG. 17 shows the enlargement of the clearance angle in a machine having a rotation axis B, which is arranged skewed to a Z axis
  • Fig. 18 shows the adjustment of a tool turret to change the
  • FIG. 1 shows the schematic course of cutting force and / or temperature for the method 10 according to the invention in comparison with the prior art 12.
  • the prior art curve 12 increases above the cutting time or the cutting path due to the wear-related reduction of the clearance angle ct ⁇ up to the wear limit 14 continuously, whereby the service life or the tool life is achieved.
  • the cutting force and / or temperature increases continuously as a result of the wear-related reduction of the clearance angle Cu 1 up to the defined wear limit. Then a new clearance angle ⁇ 2 > adjusted, which abruptly the cutting force and / or temperature drops. In view of the resulting smaller rake angle, the cutting force and / or temperature reaches only approximately the level of the working cutting edge.
  • the qualitative profile of the maximum wear mark widths for the method according to the invention is shown in FIG. 10 in comparison with a known method.
  • the wear curve 16 is characterized by a turning point 18, after which it increases progressively.
  • the wear limit 20 is established and the tool life or tool life is obtained.
  • the tool cutting edge is only until about the inflection point of the wear curve and then increased the clearance angle of a ⁇ to ⁇ 2 and later to ⁇ 3 . This procedure is repeated until other service life criteria, eg the permissible surface roughness, have been reached.
  • other service life criteria eg the permissible surface roughness
  • FIG. 9 Another possible embodiment of the method according to the invention is shown in FIG. 9.
  • the clearance angle is slightly increased in each case after short individual cutting paths or individual cutting times, whereby the cutting force and / or temperature decreases.
  • FIGS. 4 a to d illustrate, irrespective of whether a cylinder or end face is to be machined, the influence of the flank wear during cutting with a defined cutting edge.
  • a worn cutting edge 24 with wear mark widths 26 VB 1 , VBn, VBm is shown in each case in the original position 22, which has contact with the workpiece over the entire free surface wear, resulting inter alia in a high cutting force and / or temperature.
  • a new clearance angle is set (solid line), whereby the cutting force and / or temperature drops.
  • 4b shows the adjustment processes, each with different clearance angles c ⁇ ⁇ ctu ⁇ ctm. In both adjustment processes, the wear mark width VB remains the same in each case.
  • Fig. 4c shows two successive adjustment operations, in which in each case the same clearance angle a. is set and wear widths increase VBi ⁇ VBn ⁇ VB III .
  • Fig. 4d shows the case where the wear mark width decreases VB 1 > VB ⁇ ⁇ VBm.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates, by way of example, a possibility for implementing the clearance angle increase in the surface-producing cutting area for the outer longitudinal turning 30.
  • the tool clearance angle is ct ⁇ (see Fig. 2b).
  • a positive clearance angle is achieved by a translatory tool and / or workpiece displacement in the Y direction and / or by a rotational displacement of the tool about a C 2 axis 34 by the tool cutting edge is positioned below the center of rotation.
  • a translational displacement can be further realized by the cutting edge is arranged at a distance from a rotation axis and the rotation axis is arranged so that it is not parallel to or identical to the Y-axis. This turns a Freiwin
  • FIG. 5 shows an exemplary embodiment in which the cutting edge is positioned translationally above the rotational center. Due to a translational and / or rotational displacement of the tool cutting above or below the center of rotation, it comes to the workpiece to form and dimensional deviations that make compensatory movements in at least one further feed axis necessary.
  • FIG. 3 for external transverse planing 42 illustrates the increase in the free angle in the surface-producing region in the case of flat surfaces.
  • the change of the clearance angle can be carried out only by a rotational movement 44 of the tool and / or workpiece, which is realized in the example shown by an A 2 axis.
  • the inclination of the tool and / or workpiece ⁇ A 2 corresponds to the newly set clearance angle C ⁇ 2 .
  • Fig. 7 illustrates the embodiment of the method according to the invention when turning 46 of cylinder and plane surfaces of a typical wave-shaped component 48 or annular component, wherein the free-angle increase takes place at each edge-generating cutting point 50.
  • Fig. 7a the feed direction for the processing of the respective end and cylindrical surfaces is shown.
  • the middle and lower drawing, Fig. 7b and 7c explains ways in which the free-angle change can take place.
  • the middle illustration shows a rotation of the tool 56, wherein the axis of rotation lies in the XZ plane and has an angle to the Z-axis of 0 ° to 90 °, preferably 30 ° to 60 °.
  • Fig. 7c shows an embodiment with 2 pivot axes with which the free-angle change for the machining of face and cylinder surface can be performed separately from each other.
  • FIG. 7a vectorially, contact the cutting edge with a levels and a convexly curved workpiece surface area.
  • the arrangement shown in FIG. 7b with an adjusting axis arranged at an angle as well as a blade spaced therefrom consequently permits an increase of the clearance angle in the entire active cutting area.
  • this is only possible with the selected feed direction. If the face shoulder is machined from the small to the large workpiece diameter, ie radially outward (reverse feed direction as in FIG. 7a), a blade contact with a concavely curved workpiece surface and with the selectively flat workpiece surface results due to the chip width on the face shoulder.
  • An equal adjustment of the clearance angle to higher values for the entire active cutting area does not appear possible in this constellation.
  • the falling face shoulder requires a rotation in the opposite direction (see double arrow) due to the surface normal facing away from the adjustment axis in order to increase the clearance angle on the flat workpiece surface.
  • U al , U a2 or U b1 , U b2 which is different from zero, between the engagement region and the rotation axis of the tool.
  • the shoulder is now moved from small to large Piece diameter, ie processed radially outward (see arrow), which is in contact with the active cutting edge workpiece surface concavely curved.
  • the rotation according to the double arrow leads to the change in height .DELTA.h opposite to the cutting direction, so that the clearance angle increases as intended in the entire active cutting area.
  • FIGS. 8a and b show a Aushuntn by longitudinal rotation with round cutting plates 56, wherein the contour to be produced is wider than the tool cutting edge.
  • this is split, wherein alternately from the left and right sides 58, 60 of the contour is rotated towards the center.
  • the clearance angle for the active tool cutting edge is adjusted in opposite directions.
  • the application also offers the possibility of increasing the tool life and the tool life during the roughing process.
  • the cutting at a distance U can be positioned from the adjustment axis, on which the cutting movement v c-facing side.
  • the vertical position of the cutting edge is reduced by an amount .DELTA.h during rotational adjustment and as a result the clearance angle also increases on the cylindrical outer surface.
  • the smaller the workpiece diameter 2 ⁇ WST is the larger there is the free angle increase ⁇ and the result for the exemplary arrangement of FIG. 8b is sin ⁇ ⁇ h I r ⁇ ys ⁇ -
  • the clearance angle can also be varied continuously in-process.
  • Input variables 62 which determine the cutting process, are the workpiece material, the cutting material, the cutting geometry and the Cutting parameters.
  • the tool wear affects the output variables of shape and dimensional accuracy, surface quality, workpiece edge zone and cutting performance.
  • in-process measured variables 64 such as force and / or torque and / or acceleration and / or strain and / or temperature and / or current and / or power tool wear is determined indirectly.
  • the measured values are compared with the stored nominal values 66, from which the free angle change is calculated by a controller 68 and this is returned by an actuating unit 70 to the machining process.
  • the controller determines the resulting shape and dimensional deviation and compensates for this by correcting movements of the feed axes.
  • the clearance angle change is the turning of sintered cemented carbide.
  • the service life of the tool cutting edge is reached.
  • the service life of the cutting edge was increased to approx. 17.5 minutes.
  • the cutting force according to the method of the invention has a nearly linear course, whereas the pressure force, which is the vectorial addition of the feed and passive force, initially decreases with each increase in clearance angle and then increases again because of the renewed flank wear.
  • Fig. 12 shows the variation of the feed engagement in the machining.
  • the erfmdungs- proper method by a variable Vorschubeingriff.
  • the feed of the tool (not shown) is indicated by the arrow 70.
  • Fig. 13 illustrates an embodiment of the invention for varying the working engagement along the cutting path or the cutting operation in comparison with the prior art.
  • the working engagement remains constant during the cutting path, so that always the same surface-generating cutting area is engaged, whereby this cutting area has pronounced wear notches and scars, and thus the workpiece surface quality decreases rapidly.
  • the invention varies during the cutting path of the work, so that the surface-generating cutting area is loaded evenly, so that wear notches and scars are minimized in the cutting area and the workpiece roughness remains almost constant.
  • An application example for varying the work engagement is the Feinstzerspanung by planing, which is shown in Fig. 15.
  • the change of the clearance angle is performed by a tool-side and / or workpiece-side movement.
  • the clearance angle change is gradual or continuous, wherein a stepwise change of the clearance angle is preferably carried out between the machining of successive workpieces and / or between the processing of two contour elements, a continuous change of the clearance angle, preferably during machining.
  • the clearance angle can be changed according to predetermined cutting times or paths or after a number of machined workpieces by an angular amount based on previously determined empirical values.
  • the clearance angle during the machining process can be changed continuously at a constant or variable speed, with no detection of measured variables.
  • the change of the clearance angle can be controlled or regulated stepwise or continuously on the basis of directly or indirectly, in-process or process-intermittently detected measures.
  • the clearance angle and its wear-related change can be measured indirectly on the processing machine on or at the processing machine according to various measurement methods (for example optical or mechanical scanning) directly or else indirectly via the wear mark.
  • a modified clearance angle can be indirectly detected with the aid of in-process measured variables, such as force and / or moment and / or strain and / or acceleration and / or acoustic emission and / or temperature and / or current and / or power.
  • Corresponding correction movements for the clearance angle are carried out via a control loop.
  • the numerical control calculates a systematic error in the shape and dimensional accuracy of the workpiece, resulting from the change of the clearance angle, and compensates for this by correcting movements of the feed axes.
  • the clearance angle in the contour producing cutting area (i.e., the cutting edge) deserves particular attention, e.g. with regard to the compliance with tolerances and / or the avoidance of thermo-mechanical damage of the workpiece edge zone or of material deposits / fake chip formation on the free surface. Therefore, the clearance angle change is about for this area.
  • the free angle change can also be carried out preferably for cutting points at which high chip thicknesses are present or the effective clearance angle is low or the temperature is high.
  • This embodiment is advantageous, for example, in the case of roughing and / or for reasons of component or tool rigidity and / or to avoid vibrations in the cutting process and / or to reduce the heat input into the tool.
  • the clearance angle change may preferably be made for the cutting area which processes the workpiece contour in the direction of least component rigidity or which points in the direction of lowest tool rigidity, e.g. for slender shafts or long cantilever slender tools (e.g., drill rods) in the radial direction.
  • slender shafts or long cantilever slender tools e.g., drill rods
  • the invention therefore provides methods and devices in order to make free angle changes in different, preferably two independent directions. Also, moving, in particular rotating tools are provided with motor controllable in the angular orientation cutting.
  • the free angle changes are performed depending on the contour more radially or axially, depending on which of the criteria influencing the free angle change priority. In the case of finishing, this may e.g. the clearance angle at each contour-generating cutting area, in the case of roughing the clearance angle of a cutting area of the main cutting to reduce abrasion and / or when working with thermally sensitive cutting materials, such as HSS or diamond, to reduce the heat input into the tool.
  • the invention can also be used instead of a Standwegverinrung an improvement in workpiece quality thereby achieve that fluctuations in the quality-determining process parameters (For example, cutting force and / or temperature) are significantly reduced.
  • the second aspect of the invention relates to the surface quality.
  • the surface quality of the workpiece is determined by the kinematic, ie theoretical roughness of the cutting profile, further by the chipping of the new cutting edge, further by the surface quality of chip and flank surface and by material-related influences, such as built-up edge and breakouts of material particles, Bonding of material removal on the open space.
  • material-related influences such as built-up edge and breakouts of material particles, Bonding of material removal on the open space.
  • R theo is determined by the feed advance a f and the working engagement a e .
  • R t h eo progressively increases with af or ae, and roughly quadratically with a round cutting profile.
  • the influence of the cutting edge roughness ("cut surface roughness”) on the surface quality of the workpiece in comparison to the influence of the cutting profile (theoretical roughness) is of considerable importance, for example in that measured workpiece surface characteristics, such as the average roughness R 2 or the maximum roughness R t) is more than twice to four times the theoretical roughness R theo - Accordingly, a f or a e can be varied within limits without the workpiece surface deteriorating.
  • Local stresses and defects of the cutting edge can have systematic and random causes.
  • systematic causes is the formation of wear notches, caused for example by strongly solidified or elastically rebounding areas of the workpiece edge zone, especially at the ends of the chip cross section.
  • the same cutting area With constant a f or a e , constant cutting edge inclination and constant setting angle, the same cutting area always has contact or periodically repeated contact with the solidified or elastically rebounding workpiece surface area.
  • the said cutting area is responsible for the formation of the cut surface roughness, so that the stresses described above strongly wear-promoting in the sense of deteriorating Affect workpiece surface quality.
  • the engagement of the cutting edge is changed tangentially to the workpiece surface produced during the period of use of the tool by relative movements between the tool and the workpiece are superimposed on the feed and / or cutting movements.
  • the variation of the thrust engagement or the working engagement is in the range of ⁇ 5% to ⁇ 60%, preferably ⁇ 10% to ⁇ 30%, the variation of the inclination angle ⁇ is in the range of +/- 30 degrees, preferably +/- 10 degrees , The variation occurs in stages or alternately around a fixed underlying.
  • the change of the feed engagement or the work operation is performed by a tool side and / or workpiece side movement.
  • the change of the feed engagement or the working engagement may be made stepwise, wherein a stepwise change is preferably made between the machining of successive workpieces and / or between the machining of two contour elements and / or cutting paths.
  • the feed intervention or the working intervention is varied after a predetermined number of cutting paths in discrete steps, which lie within a defined interval and are based on previously determined empirical values.
  • the working engagement a e 0.008 / 0.01 / 0.012 / 0.01 / 0.008 / 0.01 mm, etc.
  • Another possible embodiment of the method according to the invention is that the feed advance or the working engagement during the cutting path is changed continuously at a constant or variable speed, wherein there is no detection of measured variables.
  • An improved workpiece surface quality is achieved when, for example, when turning or milling or Breitschlichtfräsen the condition Vorschubeingriff a f 'surface-generating Schneckenckenradius r £ or planing, bumping or milling the condition a e «r £ and a ⁇ « d is met.
  • the surface finish of the workpiece can be improved by wiping and / or indexable inserts with wiper geometries During the cutting time, notch wear occurs in the surface-forming cutting area, which reduces the surface finish and thus limits the cutting edge life Cutting radius in the surface-generating cutting area is significantly larger than the engagement, the formation of a notch wear can be delayed or reduced by a varying intervention.
  • the inclination of the cutting edge in the surface-generating cutting area can be varied.
  • Fig. 16 shows a further preferred embodiment for increasing the clearance angle on cylindrical peripheral surfaces, on rising and falling, eg conical or toric contours and on rising and falling plane surfaces using the axes X, Z and the adjustment axis R, wherein the R axis is arranged approximately in the XY plane.
  • the active cutting point of the tool 62 is located at a distance U to the rotation axis R and is in the external machining on the cutting direction facing side, in the internal machining on the side facing away from the cutting direction.
  • This arrangement is suitable for example disk-shaped and wavy workpieces.
  • the R-axis may be inclined relative to the X-axis.
  • Fig. 17 shows a further embodiment in which an in-machine rotational axis B which is spaced from the Z-axis, i. skewed, is used to adjust the clearance angle when machining annular plane surfaces, e.g. Increase contact surfaces / plan shoulders of waves.
  • the cutting edge is arranged at a height H which is 0.6 to 0.95 times the inner ring surface radius rws ⁇ min.
  • the clearance angle increase a depends mainly on the ratio between the distance cutting point to the turret rotation axis ⁇ R and the workpiece radius ⁇ WST . If the distance cutting point to the turret axis of rotation ⁇ R is significantly greater than the workpiece radius r ⁇ ys ⁇ ( ⁇ R » ⁇ W ST ), eg during shaft machining, then the adjustment is preferably carried out by motors with reduction gears and / or torque motors, since these movements can realize 6 R of a few angular minutes of preferably ⁇ 0.5 °, especially ⁇ 0, l °, cf. Fig. 18.
  • the motors with reduction ratios are electric, eg DC motor, three-phase motor and stepper motor, or hydraulically.
  • torque motors which allow continuous adjustment of the clearance angle due to a high torque
  • a motor with reduction with which preferably discontinuous deliveries are made.
  • the adjustment axis is clamped during machining by a brake or shiftable clutch in order to increase the rigidity and to eliminate the game especially in a gear reduction.
  • the cutting point to the turret axis of rotation r R and workpiece radius r ⁇ vs ⁇ ( ⁇ R ⁇ ⁇ WST ), such as the brake disc, or at a Clearly larger workpiece radius ⁇ WST compared to the distance cutting point to the turret axis of rotation ⁇ R ( ⁇ R «r ⁇ vs ⁇ ), such as during roll machining, the adjustment of the turret preferably by a motor with a reduction and / or a torque motor and / or To realize a teeth and / or a clutch, since the turret to larger angle increments, ie, multiple degrees to adjust.
  • the adjustment by means of gears and / or clutches can be done in discrete steps and outside the cutting engagement.
  • a clearance angle change is preferably to arrange the adjustment at an angle of at most 30 °, more preferably at most 20 ° to the normal of the plane surface, since the effective angle change is achieved only by a rotation of the revolver.
  • a maximum clearance angle change occurs when the turret axis of rotation is perpendicular to the surface normal of the workpiece surface at the cutting point.
  • the height H which represents the distance of the cutting point to the axis of rotation of the workpiece, should be less than or equal to the minimum workpiece diameter rws T.mm.

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Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé pour usiner des pièces à usiner par enlèvement de copeaux au moyen d'un outil comportant au moins une lame. Cette lame comporte une face d'attaque et une face de dépouille qui forme un angle de dépouille avec la surface de l'outil, le long de la lame, lors de l'usinage. Selon l'invention, une première section de l'angle de dépouille diminue lors de l'usinage en raison de l'usure. La présente invention est caractérisée en ce qu'il y a un mouvement relatif entre l'outil et la pièce à usiner, ce mouvement relatif s'ajoutant au mouvement d'avance et/ou de coupe et augmentant ladite première section de l'angle de dépouille.
PCT/EP2006/009018 2005-09-16 2006-09-15 Procede et dispositif pour usiner des pieces a usiner par enlevement de copeaux WO2007031337A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE200510045143 DE102005045143A1 (de) 2005-09-16 2005-09-16 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur spanenden Bearbeitung von Werkstücken
DE102005045143.8 2005-09-16

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WO2007031337A1 true WO2007031337A1 (fr) 2007-03-22

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CN101813930A (zh) * 2009-02-09 2010-08-25 德克尔马霍普夫龙滕有限公司 生成用于控制包含至少五轴的机床上的刀具的控制数据的方法和设备
US8567039B2 (en) 2009-02-09 2013-10-29 Deckel Maho Pfronten Gmbh Machine tool and process for machining a workpiece
CN109365915A (zh) * 2018-12-24 2019-02-22 江苏泰源数控机床有限公司 一种坩埚一次机加工成型机床
CN111872488A (zh) * 2020-07-31 2020-11-03 天津航天长征火箭制造有限公司 一种大直径铝合金框环双刀快速切削装置

Families Citing this family (1)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102020116893A1 (de) 2020-06-26 2021-12-30 Klingelnberg Ag Verfahren zum herstellen von zahnrädern

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US4292865A (en) * 1977-08-15 1981-10-06 Chunghorng R. Liu Tool holder for varying tool rake angle
US4417489A (en) * 1979-12-21 1983-11-29 Liu Chunghorng R Method and apparatus for machining a workpiece by varying the tool geometry
DE19838505A1 (de) * 1998-08-25 2000-03-02 Index Werke Kg Hahn & Tessky Werkzeugrevolvereinrichtung für eine CNC-gesteuerte Drehmaschine

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101813930A (zh) * 2009-02-09 2010-08-25 德克尔马霍普夫龙滕有限公司 生成用于控制包含至少五轴的机床上的刀具的控制数据的方法和设备
EP2221693A3 (fr) * 2009-02-09 2011-05-04 DECKEL MAHO Pfronten GmbH Procédé et dispositif de production de données de commande destinées à commander un outil sur une machine-outil comportant au moins 5 axes
US8567039B2 (en) 2009-02-09 2013-10-29 Deckel Maho Pfronten Gmbh Machine tool and process for machining a workpiece
US8615317B2 (en) 2009-02-09 2013-12-24 Deckel Maho Pfronten Gmbh Process and apparatus for generating control data for controlling a tool on a machine tool comprising at least 5 axes
CN109365915A (zh) * 2018-12-24 2019-02-22 江苏泰源数控机床有限公司 一种坩埚一次机加工成型机床
CN109365915B (zh) * 2018-12-24 2023-12-19 江苏泰源数控机床有限公司 一种坩埚一次机加工成型机床
CN111872488A (zh) * 2020-07-31 2020-11-03 天津航天长征火箭制造有限公司 一种大直径铝合金框环双刀快速切削装置
CN111872488B (zh) * 2020-07-31 2023-06-20 天津航天长征火箭制造有限公司 一种大直径铝合金框环双刀快速切削装置

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