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WO2007016672A2 - Adapateur d’avaloir de douche - Google Patents

Adapateur d’avaloir de douche Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2007016672A2
WO2007016672A2 PCT/US2006/030265 US2006030265W WO2007016672A2 WO 2007016672 A2 WO2007016672 A2 WO 2007016672A2 US 2006030265 W US2006030265 W US 2006030265W WO 2007016672 A2 WO2007016672 A2 WO 2007016672A2
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
drain
shower
flange
adapter
integrated bonding
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US2006/030265
Other languages
English (en)
Other versions
WO2007016672A3 (fr
Inventor
Lonnie C. Degooyer
Original Assignee
Degooyer Lonnie C
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Degooyer Lonnie C filed Critical Degooyer Lonnie C
Priority to CA2617864A priority Critical patent/CA2617864C/fr
Publication of WO2007016672A2 publication Critical patent/WO2007016672A2/fr
Publication of WO2007016672A3 publication Critical patent/WO2007016672A3/fr

Links

Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E03—WATER SUPPLY; SEWERAGE
    • E03C—DOMESTIC PLUMBING INSTALLATIONS FOR FRESH WATER OR WASTE WATER; SINKS
    • E03C1/00—Domestic plumbing installations for fresh water or waste water; Sinks
    • E03C1/12—Plumbing installations for waste water; Basins or fountains connected thereto; Sinks
    • E03C1/20—Connecting baths or bidets to the wastepipe
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E03—WATER SUPPLY; SEWERAGE
    • E03F—SEWERS; CESSPOOLS
    • E03F5/00—Sewerage structures
    • E03F5/04—Gullies inlets, road sinks, floor drains with or without odour seals or sediment traps
    • E03F5/0407—Floor drains for indoor use
    • E03F5/0408—Floor drains for indoor use specially adapted for showers
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E03—WATER SUPPLY; SEWERAGE
    • E03F—SEWERS; CESSPOOLS
    • E03F5/00—Sewerage structures
    • E03F5/04—Gullies inlets, road sinks, floor drains with or without odour seals or sediment traps
    • E03F5/0407—Floor drains for indoor use
    • E03F5/0409—Devices for preventing seepage around the floor drain
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E03—WATER SUPPLY; SEWERAGE
    • E03F—SEWERS; CESSPOOLS
    • E03F5/00—Sewerage structures
    • E03F5/04—Gullies inlets, road sinks, floor drains with or without odour seals or sediment traps
    • E03F2005/0412—Gullies inlets, road sinks, floor drains with or without odour seals or sediment traps with means for adjusting their position with respect to the surrounding surface
    • E03F2005/0413—Gullies inlets, road sinks, floor drains with or without odour seals or sediment traps with means for adjusting their position with respect to the surrounding surface for height adjustment
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E03—WATER SUPPLY; SEWERAGE
    • E03F—SEWERS; CESSPOOLS
    • E03F5/00—Sewerage structures
    • E03F5/04—Gullies inlets, road sinks, floor drains with or without odour seals or sediment traps
    • E03F2005/0412—Gullies inlets, road sinks, floor drains with or without odour seals or sediment traps with means for adjusting their position with respect to the surrounding surface
    • E03F2005/0414—Gullies inlets, road sinks, floor drains with or without odour seals or sediment traps with means for adjusting their position with respect to the surrounding surface for inclination adjustment

Definitions

  • the present invention relates generally to pipe fittings utilized in shower or bath installations. More particularly, the present invention relates to pipe fitting adapters utilized in tile shower installations.
  • shower floors conventionally included at least five primary components, including, listed in ascending order: a shower subfloor (including a pre-sloped layer); a shower pan; a mortar bed; a shower drain; and a floor surfacing material (e.g., ceramic tiles).
  • a shower subfloor including a pre-sloped layer
  • a shower pan a mortar bed
  • a shower drain a floor surfacing material
  • floor surfacing material e.g., ceramic tiles
  • the subfloor is typically a concrete floor or a wood floor of the house or dwelling in which the shower is installed.
  • the subfloor provides the support base upon which the other elements of the shower floor rest.
  • the subfloor will primarily be slightly sloped toward the drain so that fluids on top of the pan will migrate or flow toward the drain.
  • One of the common methods of achieving this slope is by "skim coating” or "floating" the subfloor with a thin layer of suitable mortar applied, in an appropriate slope, prior to installing the shower pan over the thin layer of mortar.
  • the shower pan is most often a relatively tough plastic sheet on the order of 30 to 40 mils in thickness. These types of shower pans are generally available in rolls of 4, 5 or 6 feet in width which are installed within the shower enclosure.
  • the mortar bed is generally formed from a sand and cement mixture that is installed over the shower pan as a damp, compactable, coarse material.
  • the 5 mortar bed material is often called a "dry pack" and has only enough water in it to hydrate the cement and make the mortar bed compactable.
  • the mortar bed cures into a hard concrete base capable of supporting the overlaying tiles or other floor covering. Because it has a large proportion of sand, the mortar bed remains very porous and will readily absorb water after it has cured.
  • the mortar 0 bed typically varies in thickness from about 3/4 of an inch to about 3 inches, depending upon the installation, and is generally sloped toward the center (or to the location where the drain is located) so that water will flow on the surface of the floor toward the floor drain.
  • the mortar bed serves two primary purposes: to provide slope 5 to the floor surface so it will drain; and to provide a bedding surface for the overlying floor material (e.g., ceramic tiles) to rest upon and bond to.
  • the mortar bed rests on top of the shower pan, with the entire installation relying upon the shower pan for waterproofing the floor of the shower.
  • the mortar bed is itself very porous, contributing nothing to the waterproofing of the shower. In fact, if 0 the mortar bed is not properly drained, it can actually create a waterproofing liability.
  • the mortar bed quickly absorbs any water that contacts it and will hold a considerable amount of water until it becomes saturated, unless it is properly drained.
  • the drain component of the shower assembly at issue is generally at least 5 a two-piece assembly that is designed to fulfill three primary purposes: to achieve a water-tight connection to the shower pan; to provide drainage to the mortar bed; and to drain the shower floor or other wet surface.
  • This type of drain is often referred to as a “double seepage drain” or “double drainage drain.” This is because it drains the floor surface while also allowing water to seep from the
  • the drain generally includes a collar that attaches to a drain flange of the drain to "sandwich" the shower pan between the collar and the drain, which creates a water-tight seal between the pan and the drain.
  • the weep holes allow water from the mortar bed to drain through the collar and into the drain while the water on the top of the floor surface runs down through the top of the drain.
  • drain fittings with integrated bonding flanges were developed for use with bondable waterproof membranes.
  • one of two types of drains can be installed on the waste pipe by the plumber: the conventional, two-piece drain, or the relatively newly developed integrated bonding flange drain.
  • the type of drain that is installed on the waste pipe generally determines the type of waterproofing system used (e.g., shower pan vs. bondable waterproof membrane)
  • a tile installer is often limited by the plumbing installed prior to the tile installer arriving at the job.
  • shower drain adapter that will allow a tile installer to utilize a bondable waterproof membrane with a conventional two-piece drain system (or "shower pan drain system").
  • the present invention provides a shower drain adapter configured to allow use of a bondable waterproof membrane with a shower pan drain system, including a drain body and a lower mating flange extending from the drain body.
  • the lower mating flange can be operable to mate with a component of a shower pan drain system installable on a waste pipe.
  • An integrated bonding flange can extend from the drain body and can be operable to be sealably attached to a bondable waterproof membrane to provide a substantially waterproof seal between the membrane and the adapter.
  • a method of adapting at least one component of a shower pan drain system for use with a bondable waterproof membrane including: coupling a lower mating flange of a shower drain adapter to an upper portion of a component of the shower pan drain system, the lower mating flange extending from a drain body of the shower drain adapter; and positioning an integrated bonding flange extending from the drain body such that the integrated bonding flange lies adjacent to an area of a shower on which the bondable waterproof membrane will be installed.
  • a method of coupling a bondable waterproof membrane to a component of a shower pan drain system including coupling an extension to an upper portion of the shower pan drain system, the extension including an integrated bonding flange extending therefrom; and attaching the bondable waterproof membrane to the integrated bonding flange of the extension.
  • FIG. 1 is a sectioned view of a drain assembly in accordance with an embodiment of the invention, taken along a vertical center of the drain assembly;
  • FIG. 2A is a bottom view of the drain adapter of FIG. 1 in accordance with an embodiment of the invention
  • FIG. 2B is a top view of the drain adapter of FIG. 1 ;
  • FIG. 3 is a sectioned view of a drain assembly in accordance with another embodiment of the invention, taken along a vertical center of the drain assembly; and
  • FIG. 4 is a sectioned view of the drain assembly of FIG. 3, with a lower mating flange shown in an inverted, downward orientation.
  • subfloor is to be understood to refer to flooring structure of a dwelling through which a shower drain is to be installed.
  • Examples of subfloors include flooring surfaces formed of plywood, particle board, concrete, and the like. It is to be understood that the term subfloor is not to be limited by any commonly used meaning ascribed to the term by any particular field of construction or architectural endeavor.
  • integrated bonding flange drain is to be understood to refer to drain fittings designed for use with, and that are operable under standard conditions when bonded to, a waterproofing membrane.
  • integrated bonding flange drain includes, without limitation, the integrated bonding flange drain sold by Schluter Systems companies under the trade name KERDI-DRAIN.
  • shower pan drain system is to be understood to refer to a drain, or various components assembled as part of a drain system, that is/are operably usable with a conventional shower pan drain.
  • shower pan drain systems generally include at least two components that are assembled on upper and lower sides of a shower pan to thereby clamp the shower pan between the components to create a liquid-tight seal between the shower pan and the shower pan drain system.
  • the innovative systems discussed herein, while advantageously allowing use of a bondable waterproof membrane with a shower pan drain system, will not utilize a shower pan, only one or more components of drain systems that have heretofore only been used with shower pans.
  • relative terms such as “upper,” “lower,” “elevation,” “height,” and the like, are to be understood to refer to relative locations and/or displacements of various elements or components relative to a condition in which a shower drain adapter is oriented in its usable, upright orientation. These such terms are used to more clearly claim and describe the various elements or components of the invention and are not to be construed as limiting the invention to any particular embodiment.
  • the shower drain adapter In the upright orientation, the shower drain adapter will be oriented so as to be operably installable within the subfloor and operably attachable to the plumbing dictated by a particular installation.
  • the terms “substantial,” or “substantially,” refer to the functional achievement of a desired purpose, operation, or configuration, as though such purpose or configuration had actually been attained. Therefore, a relationship between two or more components that creates a substantially watertight seal functions as though, or nearly as though, the components create a completely watertight seal. Furthermore, when used in an exclusionary context, such as a material
  • the terms “substantially lacking” or being “substantially devoid of, or free of an element refer to a functional deficiency of the element to which reference is being made. Therefore, it may be possible that reference is made to a material in which an element is “substantially lacking,” when in fact the element may be present in the material, but only in an amount that is insufficient to significantly,affect the material, or the purpose served by the material in the invention.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates, in a partially sectioned view (taken along section 1-1 of the assembly of FIG. 2B), a shower drain assembly with which a shower drain adapter in accordance with the present invention is incorporated.
  • the drain assembly 10 generally includes a lower drain fitting 12 (not shown in sectioned view) of the type well known in the art for use with a two-piece shower drain system (or a "shower pan drain system") that conventionally incorporates a shower pan (not shown).
  • a shower drain adapter 14 can be coupleable to or over the drain fitting 12 and can include a drain body 16 and a lower mating flange 18.
  • the lower mating flange 18 can be coupled to or can extend from the drain body 16 and can be configured to be coupled to an upper portion 12a of the drain fitting 12.
  • the adapter can include an upper, integrated bonding flange 20 coupled to or extending from the drain body.
  • the upper, integrated bonding flange can be configured to be sealably attached to a bondable waterproof membrane 38 to provide a waterproof seal between the membrane and the adapter 14.
  • the adapter 14 is formed as an integral unit, but it is to be understood that the adapter can be formed of multiple components coupled, bonded or attached to one another, as discussed in more detail below.
  • the shower drain adapter 14 of the present invention can be utilized in a variety of applications and is particularly well suited for use in situations in which it is desired to install a bondable waterproof membrane in applications in which a conventional two-piece drain (or shower pan drain) has been at least partially installed.
  • the drain fitting 12 is generally designed for use in shower installations in which a ring (not shown) would be attached to the upper portion 12a of the drain fitting to "sandwich” or clamp a shower pan (not shown) between the ring and the upper portion of the drain to create a watertight seal between the shower pan and the drain fitting. After the drain and shower pan are thus attached, a mortar bed would be installed over the shower pan and tile flooring would be installed over the mortar bed.
  • the present invention allows the conventional drain fitting 12 to be used with a bondable waterproof member 38, as discussed in more detail below.
  • the present invention can be used to install a bondable waterproof membrane, even in the case where the plumbing for a particular shower installation has been installed for a conventional "weep hole," two-piece, shower pan drain intended for use with a shower pan installation.
  • drain fitting 12 can be installed on or in a waste pipe (not shown) within the subfloor, as if a conventional shower pan waterproofing system were to be utilized. Instead, however, the present invention allows the tile installer to utilize a bondable waterproof membrane system if he or she desires. If this is the case, the adapter 14 can first be placed on or adjacent the upper portion 12a of the drain fitting 12. A quantity, e.g., ring of adhesive 26 (discussed in more detail below) can be attached to a bottom surface of the lower mating 5 flange 18 to form a seal between the lower mating flange and the upper portion of the drain fitting.
  • a quantity, e.g., ring of adhesive 26 discussed in more detail below
  • Slots 28 can be formed in the lower mating flange 18 to receive fasteners 30 to secure the lower mating flange to the upper portion 12a of the drain fitting 12.
  • the ring of 0 adhesive can be provided to ensure that the seal is watertight.
  • washers can be utilized to ensure that the bolt heads or nuts do not pass into or through the slots or holes during installation of the adapter to or over the drain fitting. Note that, while fasteners 30 are shown as bolts in FIG. 1 , it is to be understood that studs configured to receive nuts (neither shown) can be 5 utilized with equal efficacy.
  • the quantity, or ring, segment, etc., of adhesive 26, shown in more detail in FIG. 2B, can include a variety of sealant materials, as would occur to one skilled in the relevant art, and can be formed in a substantially continuous ring, as shown, or can be formed of a series of individual pieces.
  • the ring is supplied attached to the adapter 14 and disposed over the slots 28.
  • the adhesive can include a peelable backing (not shown) applied thereto that can be easily removed by the installer to expose the adhesive prior to installing the adapter over the drain fitting 12.
  • the adhesive ring 15 material 26 can be pierced by the fasteners relatively easily without removing any more material from the adhesive ring than is necessary.
  • the installer can simply drill through the lower mating flange 18 and the adhesive ring to form appropriate holes or slots for receiving the 0 fasteners while the pre-formed holes or slots remain covered by the adhesive ring, reducing the likelihood of leakage through the (in this case unused) slots.
  • bed material 34 can be applied about the adapter and over the surrounding subfloor 24.
  • the bed material is a mortar bed, applied in the conventional manner.
  • some waterproof membrane installations utilize a foam bed material to 5 accelerate the installation process.
  • the present invention can utilize any of a variety of bed systems utilized by tile installers, including mortar, foam, etc.
  • the adapter can include a fleece lining 0 or sheeting 36 (best shown in FIG. 2B) that can be applied to the adapter 14 during manufacture of the adapter.
  • the fleece lining or sheeting can be of a type known to those of ordinary skill in the art that provide a suitable interface for bonding to the bondable waterproof membrane 38, such as polyester sheeting material.
  • the bondable membrane can be applied (and bonded) to the 5 surrounding bed material and can extend over the upper, integrated bonding flange 20 and can be attached to the fleece sheeting across the bonding flange. In this manner, the bondable waterproof membrane can create a watertight barrier across the floor of the shower (and, generally, up the walls of the shower enclosure), including over and across the upper bonding flange of the drain 0 adapter 14.
  • the adapter 14 can include a connector ring 40 that can be configured to be applied to the upper, integrated bonding flange 20 to serve as a receiver and a guide for a drain insert 42.
  • the connector ring can be bonded to the fleece sheeting 36, or can be otherwise bonded or attached to an upper portion of the
  • the connector ring can include retaining means 44 that can extend into or adjacent the internal portion of the drain body to engage the drain insert.
  • the retaining means 44 can be configured to engage and retain the threads on the drain insert 42 to retain the insert in position.
  • the retaining means includes a downwardly extending flexible flange than engages the threads of the drain insert without requiring that the insert be rotatably inserted within the retaining means. That is, the insert can simply be pressed or tapped into the retaining means and the flexible flange will engage and retain the drain insert in position within the drain body.
  • the flexible flange can include one or more slits 45 that can pass partially or fully through the flange to allow the flange to more easily flex and engage the threads of the drain insert as it passes through the flexible flange.
  • the flexible flange not only allows the drain insert to be retained within the drain body in a number of vertical orientations, but also allows the drain insert to be installed within the drain body in a "cocked" manner (not shown), in the case that the tiles 48 adjacent the drain assembly are not installed in a flat or even orientation.
  • the adapter of the present invention can include a variety of retaining means 44 that serve to engage and hold the drain insert 42 within the drain body 16.
  • the adapter can include a tapered internal portion (not shown) that frictionally engages the drain insert to retain the insert within the drain body.
  • the retaining means can also include internal threads configured to engage the external threads of the drain insert.
  • the tile installer can proceed, in the usual manner, with installing the ceramic tiles 48 (or whichever type of flooring will be used in the shower installation) above the waterproofing assembly.
  • FIGs. 3 and 4 illustrate another embodiment of the invention in which shower drain adapter 14b includes a drain body 16' and a lower mating flange 18' and integrated bonding flange 20'.
  • This embodiment can provide similar advantages and features of the above-described embodiments, but can also provide improved flexibility to a tile installer.
  • the lower mating flange 18' and the integrated bonding flange 20' can be separable from one another, e.g., the lower mating flange and integrated bonding flange can be removably attached to one another to provide further adaptability and/or adjustability to the drain adapter 14b.
  • a pliable gasket 50 can be disposed between the drain body and one of the lower mating flange and the integrated bonding flange.
  • the pliable gasket can be configured to provide a releasable, substantially watertight seal between the drain body and the lower mating flange or the integrated bonding flange.
  • the pliable gasket 50 is disposed about a lower portion of the integrated bonding flange component 20' and provides a frictional interface between the integrated bonding flange component and an internal section of a portion of the lower mating flange component 18'.
  • the lower mating flange component can slide upwardly or downwardly about the integrated bonding flange component to provide adjustment of an overall height of the drain adapter 14b.
  • the present invention allows a tile setter to tailor the drain installation to a particular shower location.
  • the flexibility provided by the pliable gasket can allow a tile setter to "cock" the drain insert 42' (e.g., set/install the insert at an angle relative to the adapter), to allow for adjustment of the drain assembly to floors that may not be perfectly level.
  • the lower mating flange 14' can include a shoulder 52 extending therefrom.
  • the shoulder can be engagable with the integrated bonding flange component 20' in either or both the generally downward configuration shown in FIG. 3, and the generally inverted, upward configuration of FIG. 4.
  • the drain adapter 14' can be installed in a relatively compact configuration (FIG. 3), or a relatively extended configuration (FIG. 4).
  • This aspect of the invention can be advantageous in that a distance from the upper portion (12a in FIG. 1) of the lower drain fitting (12 in FIG. 1) to the floor surface (e.g., tile surface) is not always consistent from one job site to another.
  • the tile setter can best achieve proper alignment of the upper portion of the integrated bonding flange component 20' with the area on which the bondable membrane (38 in FIG. 1) is to be installed.
  • the present invention also provides a method of adapting at least one component of a shower pan drain system for use with a bondable waterproof membrane, including: coupling a lower mating flange of a shower drain adapter to an upper portion of a component of the shower pan drain system, the lower mating flange extending from a drain body of the shower drain adapter; and positioning an integrated bonding flange extending from the drain body such that the integrated bonding flange lies adjacent to an area of a shower on which the bondable waterproof membrane will be installed.
  • positioning the integrated bonding flange can include positioning a bondable fleece carried by the integrated bonding flange adjacent to the area of the shower on which the bondable waterproof membrane will be installed.
  • the method can further comprise installing a connector ring adjacent the integrated bonding flange, the connector ring being configured to receive a drain insert therein. In one aspect of the invention, the method can further comprise installing a drain insert in the connector ring.
  • the method can further comprise sealably bonding the lower mating flange to the upper portion of the component of the shower pan drain system.
  • a method of coupling a bondable waterproof membrane to a component of a shower pan drain system including coupling an extension to an upper portion of the shower pan drain system, the extension including an integrated bonding flange extending therefrom; and attaching the bondable waterproof membrane to the integrated bonding flange of the extension.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Sink And Installation For Waste Water (AREA)
  • Bathtubs, Showers, And Their Attachments (AREA)
  • Domestic Plumbing Installations (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un adaptateur d’avaloir de douche (14) configuré pour permettre l’utilisation d’une membrane étanche et collable (38) avec un système de canal de drainage de receveur de douche, comprenant un corps de canal de drainage (16) et une contre-bride inférieure (18) s’étendant à partir du corps de canal de drainage. La contre-bride inférieure peut être actionnée pour s’accoupler avec une partie supérieure (12a) d’un corps de canal de drainage de receveur de douche (12) pouvant être installé sur un tuyau d’évacuation d’eau usée. Un bord de collage intégré (20) s’étend à partir du corps de canal de drainage et peut être actionné pour être relié de façon scellée à une membrane étanche et collable pour apporter un scellement étanche entre la membrane et l’adaptateur.
PCT/US2006/030265 2005-08-02 2006-08-02 Adapateur d’avaloir de douche WO2007016672A2 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CA2617864A CA2617864C (fr) 2005-08-02 2006-08-02 Adapateur d'avaloir de douche

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US70513905P 2005-08-02 2005-08-02
US60/705,139 2005-08-02

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2007016672A2 true WO2007016672A2 (fr) 2007-02-08
WO2007016672A3 WO2007016672A3 (fr) 2007-11-22

Family

ID=37709370

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/US2006/030265 WO2007016672A2 (fr) 2005-08-02 2006-08-02 Adapateur d’avaloir de douche

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (2) US8060956B2 (fr)
CA (1) CA2617864C (fr)
MX (1) MX340763B (fr)
WO (1) WO2007016672A2 (fr)

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US8844068B2 (en) 2005-08-02 2014-09-30 Schluter Systems L.P. Shower drain adapter
US8925123B2 (en) 2006-03-01 2015-01-06 Schluter Systems, L.P. Segmented drain systems
EP3199716A1 (fr) * 2016-01-29 2017-08-02 Kunststofftechnik Schedel GmbH Manchon d'étanchéité pour système de douche comprenant un écoulement au sol, système d'étanchéité pour un élément de receveur de douche, kit, procédé de fabrication d'un soubassement pour une salle d'eau
US11209108B2 (en) 2018-09-10 2021-12-28 Schluter Systems L.P. Drain coupler with compressible seal

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EP2105545A1 (fr) * 2008-03-28 2009-09-30 Purus AB Dispositif de montage pour bouche d'égout
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CN105992616B (zh) * 2013-10-02 2019-09-06 欧文康宁知识产权资本有限责任公司 抑制液态烃的汽化、燃烧和热辐射的泡沫玻璃系统
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US8060956B2 (en) 2011-11-22
US20070056088A1 (en) 2007-03-15
MX340763B (es) 2016-07-26
US20110308008A1 (en) 2011-12-22
CA2617864A1 (fr) 2007-02-08
CA2617864C (fr) 2012-10-16
US8844068B2 (en) 2014-09-30
WO2007016672A3 (fr) 2007-11-22

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