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WO2007016594A2 - Composition d'autocompression/de surpression - Google Patents

Composition d'autocompression/de surpression Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO2007016594A2
WO2007016594A2 PCT/US2006/030002 US2006030002W WO2007016594A2 WO 2007016594 A2 WO2007016594 A2 WO 2007016594A2 US 2006030002 W US2006030002 W US 2006030002W WO 2007016594 A2 WO2007016594 A2 WO 2007016594A2
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
composition
acid
oxidizer
autoignition
gas
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US2006/030002
Other languages
English (en)
Other versions
WO2007016594A3 (fr
Inventor
Deborah L. Hordos
Original Assignee
Automotive Systems Laboratory, Inc.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Automotive Systems Laboratory, Inc. filed Critical Automotive Systems Laboratory, Inc.
Priority to JP2008524284A priority Critical patent/JP5156627B2/ja
Priority to DE112006002030T priority patent/DE112006002030T5/de
Publication of WO2007016594A2 publication Critical patent/WO2007016594A2/fr
Publication of WO2007016594A3 publication Critical patent/WO2007016594A3/fr

Links

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
    • C06D—MEANS FOR GENERATING SMOKE OR MIST; GAS-ATTACK COMPOSITIONS; GENERATION OF GAS FOR BLASTING OR PROPULSION (CHEMICAL PART)
    • C06D5/00—Generation of pressure gas, e.g. for blasting cartridges, starting cartridges, rockets
    • C06D5/06—Generation of pressure gas, e.g. for blasting cartridges, starting cartridges, rockets by reaction of two or more solids
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
    • C06C—DETONATING OR PRIMING DEVICES; FUSES; CHEMICAL LIGHTERS; PYROPHORIC COMPOSITIONS
    • C06C9/00—Chemical contact igniters; Chemical lighters

Definitions

  • the present invention relates generally to gas generating systems, and to autoignition compositions employed in gas generator devices for automotive restraint systems, for example.
  • the present invention relates to autoignition compositions that upon ignition provide the flame front and pressure front necessary to safely ignite gas generant compositions in combustible communication therewith.
  • gas generators are typically provided with an autoignition composition that in the event of a fire ignites responsive to a desired threshold temperature. As a result, the gas generant is ignited prior to melting for example, thereby safely igniting the main gas generant composition to inhibit or prevent theJikelihood of an explosive event once the gas generant begins to combust.
  • compositions are provided to serve correspondingly discrete functions. These compositions often include a primary gas generating composition that when combusted is employed to provide sufficient quantities of gaseous products to operate the associated restraint device, such as an airbag or seatbelt pretensioner.
  • a booster composition is utilized to elevate the pressure and heat within the gas generator prior to combustion of the primary gas generant, thereby creating favorable conditions within the inflator for acceptable combustion of the primary gas generant.
  • the auto-ignition composition employed to provide safe combustion of the other compositions in the event of a fire.
  • the auto-ignition composition is designed to ignite at temperatures below the melting point of the primary gas generant for example, thereby ensuring the controlled combustion of the primary gas generant, as opposed to an explosive reaction perhaps.
  • gas generating systems including an autoignition composition containing a first oxidizer selected from metal chlorates, such as potassium chlorate, a carboxylic acid or dicarboxylic acid as a primary fuel, a secondary oxidizer selected from metal and nonmetal nitrates, nitrites, oxides, basic metal nitrates, and other known oxidizers, and a secondary fuel selected from azoles including tetrazoles, triazoles, and furazans, and salts thereof.
  • a first oxidizer selected from metal chlorates, such as potassium chlorate, a carboxylic acid or dicarboxylic acid as a primary fuel
  • a secondary oxidizer selected from metal and nonmetal nitrates, nitrites, oxides, basic metal nitrates, and other known oxidizers
  • a secondary fuel selected from azoles including tetrazoles, triazoles, and furazans, and salts thereof.
  • FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional side view showing the general structure of an inflator in accordance with the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic representation of an exemplary vehicle occupant restraint system containing a gas generant composition in accordance with the present invention.
  • the present compositions contain a first oxidizer selected from alkali, alkaline earth, and transitional metal chlorates, and mixtures thereof, such as potassium chlorate, at about 10-60 weight%; a primary fuel selected from carboxylic acids and dicarboxylic acids, such as DL-tartaric acid, at about 15-45 weight%; a secondary oxidizer selected from metal and nonmetal nitrates, nitrites, oxides, and other known oxidizers at about 30-50%; and a secondary fuel selected from tetrazoles, triazoles, furazans, and salts thereof at about 0-30 weight %, said weight percent calculated with regard to the weight of the total composition.
  • Extrusion aids or processing additives such as graphite or fumed silica may be added in relatively smaller amounts, such as 0.1-2% by weight of the total composition for example.
  • compositions contain a metal chlorate such as potassium chlorate; a primary fuel selected from carboxylic acids and dicarboxylic including DL-tartaric acid, L- tartaric acid, D-tartaric acid, succinic acid, glutamic acid, adipic acid, mucic acid, fumaric acid, oxalic acid, galactaric acid, citric acid, glycolic acid, L-malic acid, and compounds having at least one -COOH- group, and mixtures thereof; a second fuel selected from an azole including tetrazoles, triazoles, furazans, salts thereof, and mixtures thereof; a secondary oxidizer selected from metal and nonmetal nitrates or other known oxidizers not containing a perchlorate.
  • a metal chlorate such as potassium chlorate
  • a primary fuel selected from carboxylic acids and dicarboxylic including DL-tartaric acid, L- tartaric acid, D-tartaric acid, succinic acid, glut
  • the carboxylic acid or dicarboxylic acid will preferably have a primary hydrogen or PKA less than or equal to 3. Nevertheless, it has been found that with certain fuels/salts, the pKa of the base acid may range up to 5.0 or less.
  • the total fuel constituent including he carboxylic fuel and the second fuel is provided at about 20-45% by weight of the total composition; the oxidizer constituent is provided at about 20-50% by weight of the total composition; and the potassium chlorate or metal chlorate is provided at about 10-60% by weight of the total composition wherein the weight percent of the chlorate is separately calculated from that of the oxidizer.
  • the composition may be formed by wet or dry mixing the constituents in a granulated form in a known manner, and then pelletizing or otherwise forming the composition for further use.
  • the constituents may be provided by Fisher Chemical, Aldrich Chemical, GFS, and other known suppliers.
  • COMPARATIVE EXAMPLE 1 A known autoignition composition was prepared by homogeneously mixing dried and granulated D-glucose at about 26.875 wt% and potassium chlorate at about 73.125 wt%, the percents stated by weight of the total composition. The composition autoignited at about 144 C as measured by DSC analysis. The propellant formed from the constituents resulted in an approximate 55.5% gas yield. The impact sensitivity of this formulation had an HD50 of 2.0 inches as conducted in conformance with the Bruceton Test.
  • An exemplary formulation was provided that functions as a booster, an autoignition, and a gas generant composition.
  • the formulation contains 5-aminotetrazole at about 19.0 wt%, DL-tartaric acid at about 20.0 wt%, strontium nitrate at about 35.0 wt%, and potassium chlorate at about 26.0 wt%.
  • the constituents were previously and separately ground to a relatively small size in a known manner. They were then dry-mixed to form a substantially homogeneous composition.
  • the composition autoignited at about 140 C as measured by DSC analysis.
  • the propellant formed from the constituents resulted in an approximate 67% gas yield.
  • the impact sensitivity of this formulation had an HD50 of 1 1 .5 inches as conducted in conformance with the Bruceton Test.
  • the composition was aged for about 480 hours at 107C and still autoignited at about 145.1 C as determined by DSC analysis.
  • EXAMPLE 3 An exemplary formulation was provided that functions as a booster, an autoignition, and a gas generant composition.
  • the formulation contains 5-aminotetrazole at about 19.0 wt%, DL-tartaric acid at about 19.0 wt%, strontium nitrate at about 50.0 wt%, and potassium chlorate at about 12.0 wt%.
  • the constituents were granulated and dry-mixed to form a substantially homogeneous composition.
  • the composition autoignited at about 141 C as measured by DSC analysis.
  • the propellant formed from the constituents resulted in an approximate 68.2% gas yield.
  • the impact sensitivity of this formulation had an HD50 of 8.8 inches as conducted in conformance with the Bruceton Test. As shown in FIG.
  • the composition reflected a relatively strong burn rate across several pressure regimes, and in particular indicated burn rates of over 0.8 inches per second (ips).
  • ips inches per second
  • FIG. 3 it can be seen that the composition exhibited a burn rate of about 0.2 ips at about 200 psig, about 0.35 ips at about 550 psig, about 0.5 ips at about 1000 psig, about 0.55 ips at about 1500 psig, about 0.85 ips at about 2000 psig, about 0.9 ips at about 2500 psig, about 0.85 ips at about 3000 psig; and about 1.2 ips at about 3900 psig.
  • a composition in accordance with the present invention exhibits a satisfactory burn rate (typically 0.4 ips or more at about 2500-3000 psig) thereby ensuring satisfactory functionality as a primary gas generant.
  • the composition was aged for about 480 hours at 107C and still autoignited at about 174.7C as determined by DSC analysis.
  • An exemplary formulation was provided that functions as a booster, an autoignition, and a gas generant composition.
  • the formulation contains DL-tartaric acid at about 28.0 wt%, strontium nitrate at about 32.0 wt%, and potassium chlorate at about 30.0 wt%.
  • the constituents were previously and separately ground to a relatively small size in a known manner. They were then dry-mixed to form a substantially homogeneous composition.
  • the composition autoignited at about 1 53 C as measured by DSC analysis.
  • the propellant formed from the constituents resulted in an approximate 66.1 % gas yield.
  • the impact sensitivity of this formulation had an HD50 of 8.1 inches as conducted in conformance with the Bruceton Test.
  • compositions formed in accordance with the present invention preferably autoignite at or below about 18OC and provide a booster function as well.
  • the compositions of the present invention may also produce substantial quantities of gas, and exhibit sufficient burn rates thereby producing sufficient amounts of gas when activated.
  • Compositions employing a secondary oxidizer, such as strontium nitrate provide relative increased quantities of gas and an improved sensitivity.
  • compositions formed in this manner may be provided to singularly replace the three discrete booster, autoignition, and primary gas generant compositions normally found in a gas generator.
  • gas generators made as known in the art and also vehicle occupant protection systems manufactured as known in the art are also contemplated.
  • autoignition compositions of the present invention are employed in gas generators, seat belt assemblies, and/or vehicle occupant protection systems, all manufactured as known in the art.
  • the present compositions may be employed within a gas generating system.
  • a vehicle occupant protection system made in a known way contains crash sensors in electrical communication with an airbag inflator in the steering wheel, and also with a seatbelt assembly.
  • the gas generating compositions of the present invention may be employed in both subassemblies within the broader vehicle occupant protection system or gas generating system. More specifically, each gas generator employed in the automotive gas generating system may contain a gas generating composition as described herein.
  • Extrusion aides may be selected from the group including talc, graphite, borazine [(BN) 3 ], boron nitride, fumed silica, and fumed alumina.
  • the extrusion aid preferably constitutes 0-10% and more preferably constitutes 0-5% of the total composition.
  • the compositions may be dry or wet mixed using methods known in the art.
  • the various constituents are generally provided in particulate form and mixed to form a uniform mixture with the other gas generant constituents.
  • an exemplary inflator incorporates a dual chamber design to tailor the force of deployment of an associated airbag.
  • an inflator containing a primary gas generant 12 and an autoignition/booster composition 14 formed as described herein may be manufactured as known in the art.
  • U.S. Patent Nos. 6,422,601 , 6,805,377, 6,659,500, 6,749,219, and 6,752,421 exemplify typical airbag inflator designs and are each incorporated herein by reference in their entirety.
  • Airbag system 200 includes at least one airbag 202 and an inflator 10 containing a gas generant composition 12 in accordance with the present invention, coupled to airbag 202 so as to enable fluid communication with an interior of the airbag.
  • Airbag system 200 may also include ⁇ or be in communication with) a crash event sensor 210.
  • Crash event sensor 210 includes a known crash sensor algorithm that signals actuation of airbag system 200 via, for example, activation of airbag inflator 10 in the event of a collision.
  • FIG. 2 shows a schematic diagram of one exemplary embodiment of such a restraint system.
  • Safety belt assembly 150 includes a safety belt housing 152 and a safety belt 100 extending from housing 152.
  • a safety belt retractor mechanism 154 (for example, a spring-loaded mechanism) may be coupled to an end portion of the belt.
  • a safety belt pretensioner 156 containing propellant 12 and autoignition 14 may be coupled to belt retractor mechanism 154 to actuate the retractor mechanism in the event of a collision.
  • Typical seat belt retractor mechanisms which may be used in conjunction with the safety belt embodiments of the present invention are described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,743,480, 5,553,803, 5,667,161 , 5,451 ,008, 4,558,832 and 4,597,546, each incorporated herein by reference.
  • Illustrative examples of typical pretensioners with which the safety belt embodiments of the present invention may be combined are described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,505,790 and 6,419,177, incorporated herein by reference.
  • Safety belt assembly 150 may also include (or be in communication with) a crash event sensor 158 (for example, an inertia sensor or an accelerometer) including a known crash sensor algorithm that signals actuation of belt pretensioner 156 via, for example, activation of a pyrotechnic igniter (not shown) incorporated into the pretensioner.
  • a crash event sensor 158 for example, an inertia sensor or an accelerometer
  • U.S. Patent Nos. 6,505,790 and 6,419,177 previously incorporated herein by reference, provide illustrative examples of pretensioners actuated in such a manner.
  • safety belt assembly 150 airbag system 200, and more broadly, vehicle occupant protection system 180 exemplify but do not limit gas generating systems contemplated in accordance with the present invention.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Air Bags (AREA)
  • Feeding, Discharge, Calcimining, Fusing, And Gas-Generation Devices (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un générateur de gaz (10) comprenant une composition incluant un chlorate de métal, tel que le chlorate de potassium, en tant qu'oxydant, un acide carboxylique, tel que l'acide DL-tartarique, en tant que combustible primaire, un second oxydant, tel que le nitrate de strontium, et, si on le souhaite, un second combustible, tel que le 5- aminotétrazole. L'invention concerne également des systèmes de génération de gaz (180), tels que des systèmes de protection des occupants d'un véhicule (180), contenant le générateur de gaz (10).
PCT/US2006/030002 2005-07-29 2006-07-31 Composition d'autocompression/de surpression WO2007016594A2 (fr)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP2008524284A JP5156627B2 (ja) 2005-07-29 2006-07-31 自己発火／ブースター組成物
DE112006002030T DE112006002030T5 (de) 2005-07-29 2006-07-31 Selbstzündungs-/Booster-Zusammensetzung

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US70399805P 2005-07-29 2005-07-29
US60/703,998 2005-07-29

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2007016594A2 true WO2007016594A2 (fr) 2007-02-08
WO2007016594A3 WO2007016594A3 (fr) 2007-10-04

Family

ID=37709331

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/US2006/030002 WO2007016594A2 (fr) 2005-07-29 2006-07-31 Composition d'autocompression/de surpression

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US20070034307A1 (fr)
JP (1) JP5156627B2 (fr)
DE (1) DE112006002030T5 (fr)
WO (1) WO2007016594A2 (fr)

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US20080078486A1 (en) * 2006-09-30 2008-04-03 Khandhadia Paresh S Gas generating system and composition
US20070169863A1 (en) * 2006-01-19 2007-07-26 Hordos Deborah L Autoignition main gas generant
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE112006002030T5 (de) 2008-07-10
WO2007016594A3 (fr) 2007-10-04
US20070034307A1 (en) 2007-02-15
JP5156627B2 (ja) 2013-03-06
JP2009502718A (ja) 2009-01-29

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