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WO2007012267A1 - Procede permettant de reduire la resistance fluidique et appareil a cet effet - Google Patents

Procede permettant de reduire la resistance fluidique et appareil a cet effet Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2007012267A1
WO2007012267A1 PCT/CN2006/001825 CN2006001825W WO2007012267A1 WO 2007012267 A1 WO2007012267 A1 WO 2007012267A1 CN 2006001825 W CN2006001825 W CN 2006001825W WO 2007012267 A1 WO2007012267 A1 WO 2007012267A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
fluid
movable wall
resistance
layer
movable
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2006/001825
Other languages
English (en)
Chinese (zh)
Inventor
Lisong Zou
Original Assignee
Lisong Zou
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Lisong Zou filed Critical Lisong Zou
Publication of WO2007012267A1 publication Critical patent/WO2007012267A1/fr

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B1/00—Hydrodynamic or hydrostatic features of hulls or of hydrofoils
    • B63B1/32—Other means for varying the inherent hydrodynamic characteristics of hulls
    • B63B1/34—Other means for varying the inherent hydrodynamic characteristics of hulls by reducing surface friction
    • B63B1/36—Other means for varying the inherent hydrodynamic characteristics of hulls by reducing surface friction using mechanical means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15D—FLUID DYNAMICS, i.e. METHODS OR MEANS FOR INFLUENCING THE FLOW OF GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F15D1/00—Influencing flow of fluids
    • F15D1/10—Influencing flow of fluids around bodies of solid material
    • F15D1/12—Influencing flow of fluids around bodies of solid material by influencing the boundary layer
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T70/00—Maritime or waterways transport
    • Y02T70/10—Measures concerning design or construction of watercraft hulls

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method and a typical apparatus for reducing fluid resistance (resistance including frictional resistance, cohesive resistance, and the like) and having a pushing function (pressurizing function).
  • fluid resistance resistance including frictional resistance, cohesive resistance, and the like
  • pushing function pressurizing function
  • the drag reduction method can be roughly divided into four categories according to different ways of reducing the viscous resistance.
  • One is the method of locally changing the fluid near the boundary, such as hovercraft technology and air lubrication technology.
  • the resistance potential is considerable, but the specific technical and technological measures for the replacement of viscous fluids with very different viscosities and specific gravities at all boundaries are still difficult to solve completely. It is difficult to promote and is mainly used in transportation and mechanical engineering.
  • the second type is to change and control the temperature of the boundary layer, or to change the flow velocity distribution of the laminar boundary layer by means of suction and so on to reduce the viscous resistance. It has been studied and applied in the field of aerospace and other outflows, which has been discussed in detail in a large number of monographs. , its drag reduction effect is limited.
  • the three types of polymer dilute solution are used to reduce the resistance in the attached wall area, which can be used for drag reduction of fluids such as crude oil and water.
  • the molecular weight of the molecular polymer is expensive, it is easy to be broken by shearing force, and the effect of drag reduction is limited.
  • the four types use appropriate boundary materials (elastic materials) to make the boundary fully compliant, so that it is easy to generate dynamic response, and it vibrates with the T-S wave fluctuation of the laminar boundary layer.
  • This is developed by bionics research.
  • its drag reduction effect is still limited.
  • the reduction of shape resistance basically remains in the streamlined line of the exploration object.
  • the pressure difference reduces the sticking resistance, but the channel friction resistance is large, which affects the drag reduction effect.
  • Another notable method is to let the boundary surface of the object move with the movement of the fluid.
  • the object of the present invention is to propose a new fluid drag reducing method and to provide a typical device for realizing the method, which can effectively reduce drag and can be widely used in water conservancy, aviation, navigation, underwater sports, transportation. Fluid reduction in the fields of transportation, defense, pipeline transportation, etc., and both propulsion functions (pressurization function).
  • Technical solution adopted by the invention is to propose a new fluid drag reducing method and to provide a typical device for realizing the method, which can effectively reduce drag and can be widely used in water conservancy, aviation, navigation, underwater sports, transportation. Fluid reduction in the fields of transportation, defense, pipeline transportation, etc., and both propulsion functions (pressurization function).
  • the present invention mainly adopts such a technical solution: sequentially arranging at least one layer on each surface of the object to be drag reducing, and not less than one heavy movable wall surface per layer to separate the boundary surface from the surface of the object, so as to enable The fluid moves together, and the fluid near the surface is replaced by human intervention and the layer is stratified in a certain order.
  • Each layer bears a certain relative speed, so that the boundary surface can reduce the relative speed of the fluid with less running resistance.
  • each layer in a certain manner Not less than one moving wall in turn assumes a certain relative speed, and the internal space is replaced by a fluid-assisted drag reduction with lubrication and balance pressure.
  • the movable wall on the contact side of the device and the fluid can move in the direction of fluid movement, after reaching the end point.
  • the inner channel surface connecting the front and rear ends of the object and the multi-layer multiple movable wall surfaces on both sides of the object reduce the friction resistance and increase the fluid discharge amount while also changing the top,
  • the dynamic characteristics of the tail fluid have been reduced compared with the undisposed state, and the effect of reducing the viscosity-resistance effect has been increased.
  • a driving device When a driving device is used to apply a driving force to the movable boundary surface such that the boundary surface moves faster than the fluid velocity or applies a driving force to the fluid, a thrust state occurs, and a negative pressure occurs at the front portion, and a positive pressure occurs at the rear portion, thereby partially adhering to the pressure.
  • the resistance is offset and the fluid friction resistance disappears.
  • the movable wall can function as both the thruster and the pressurizing device. Although its mechanical efficiency is similar to that of other propellers and pressurizing devices, it can make the fluid frictional resistance disappear.
  • the shape resistance can be reduced; at this time, the top and the tail of the object are laterally moved along the direction of the fluid movement or along the movable wall surface which is arranged in the direction of the fluid movement, and the flow is increased by the special device arranged at the top.
  • the speed can also reduce the impact of the fluid on the moving wall; because the active wall device and the object can be seen as a whole in the force analysis at this time, the reduction of fluid resistance to the active wall surface is the reduction of the fluid resistance to the object, or the object to the fluid The resistance is reduced, and the relative motion of the object and the fluid is not affected. It will be completed.
  • the surface of the obstructing object is arranged with multiple layers of multiple movable walls to separate the boundary surface from the surface and move with the fluid, so that the surface fluid is layered and flowed in a certain way.
  • the specific technical scheme and the principle of drag reduction are : 1. Arranging one to multiple, multi-layer movable walls on the wall or surface of the object to be drag reduced. It can be considered that the outermost wall surface in contact with the fluid acts as a boundary surface, so that the movable boundary surface moves with the flow.
  • Directional motion reduces the relative velocity of the boundary surface to the fluid to reduce frictional resistance with the fluid.
  • the outermost wall surface that is, the boundary surface velocity is equal to the fluid velocity, that is, the relative velocity is zero, the fluid frictional resistance disappears.
  • a device of the invention having only one layer of a movable wall similar to a conveyor belt disposed at a fixed wall surface under water, the soft film filling the movable wall can be moved with the rotation of the drum, and the fluid filled in the device is temporarily pressed by water.
  • Figure 1 a device of the invention having only one layer of a movable wall similar to a conveyor belt disposed at a fixed wall surface under water, the soft film filling the movable wall can be moved with the rotation of the drum, and the fluid filled in the device is temporarily pressed by water.
  • the resistance of the drag reducing device is C f .l/2pV 2 S
  • the power loss is C f .l/2pV 3 S
  • the active wall can greatly reduce fluid frictional resistance and energy loss.
  • the arrangement of the active wall and the circulation route vary with the drag reduction situation. From the force analysis, it can be found that the resistance of the device is mainly from the friction between the internal fluid and the movable wall. To reduce this resistance, the device can theoretically be used. The internal vacuum is drawn, and the non-contact force such as electromagnetic force is used to resist the external fluid pressure.
  • the structure of the dynamic seal and the steering device is complicated. At present, the cost is expensive, and the dynamic sealing energy is large, and the vacuum is encountered. Complex issues must be carefully adopted. Therefore, in general, it should be replaced with a lubricating fluid with a small viscosity coefficient. It is sealed or semi-sealed, and multiple, multi-layer similar movable wall devices are arranged inside the device to reduce the running resistance, thus greatly increasing the drag reduction effect. . as shown in picture 2.
  • the length of the mounting unit determines the starting point and the end position.
  • the moving wall moves with the direction of fluid movement, and after reaching the end point, it turns into the returning path and returns to the starting point from the space between the boundary layer and the surface of the object.
  • a space similar to the movable wall can be arranged in the space enclosed by the movable wall to reduce the running resistance, and multiple similar movable walls arranged in the space enclosed by the movable wall are temporarily called a layer, the same Each movable wall of the layer has the same direction of motion rotation; and the space enclosed by the return wall side of the movable wall and the surface of the object can be further arranged to a plurality of movable walls to reduce the running resistance, and the moving direction of the adjacent movable wall of each layer Instead; thereby forming a multi-layer multiple active wall system.
  • the movable wall starts from the top of the object and moves from the top to the end, bypassing
  • the tail of the object returns to the apex of the object from the other side to complete a cycle.
  • multiple movable walls can be arranged. Since the relative velocity of the return side fluid and the movable wall surface is large and the resistance is great, the solution is to arrange one on the other side of the object.
  • the layers are from the multiple active walls of the attribute.
  • the moving surfaces of the two layers are opposite in direction, and the return side is adjacent. Because the moving speed is similar, the resistance is very small. Only two layers of movable walls can meet the requirements. Of course, the actual situation is not ruled out. Need to have other forms of combination.
  • the layers and heavy wall surfaces of the above multiple movable wall surfaces are freely movable with each other, and no contact friction is generated or generated during operation.
  • Each wall surface bears a certain relative speed, and sequentially generates a certain speed gradient, which will be a speed.
  • the motion of V is decomposed into a plurality of motions whose velocity is much smaller than V.
  • the relative velocities between the layers are ⁇ Vi, ⁇ 2 , ⁇ 3 , ⁇ tile, and the specific gravity of the fluid between the cylinders is ⁇ .
  • the m-th cylinder is subjected to force analysis and is subjected to two forces. One is the driving force of the inner fluid to it, the size is C f xI/2pAV m 2 S, and the other is the resistance of the outer helium fluid to it, the size is C f xl/2pAV m+1 2 S, the two forces are equal in magnitude
  • AV m V m+1 can be derived.
  • the same conclusion can be derived for each cylinder. It can be concluded that the relative speed of each layer is V/n, due to the cylinders.
  • the drag reduction effect in plane motion can also be derived by a similar method (the process is abbreviated), and the forces of the fluid received on both sides of each active wall are basically equal in magnitude and opposite in direction, and are in motion balance state, and the dragged and movable walls In the force analysis, it should be regarded as a whole.
  • the fluid resistance of the object depends on the relative motion between the active wall and the fluid in contact with the fluid at the outermost layer. Theoretically, the three- and four-layer (heavy) active wall is It can reduce frictional resistance by more than 90%.
  • the movable wall layer and the weight can be increased without limitation, and the drag reduction effect is continuously increased.
  • the fluid movement speed is reduced, there is still a small amount of energy dissipation when the friction is generated, and the fluid is turned.
  • the fluid to be dragged is a liquid, a fluid having a small viscosity coefficient and a lubricating effect, such as a polymer solution or the like, is selected. If gas is selected, care should be taken to maintain a balance between air pressure and hydraulic pressure. In many cases, the same fluid can also be charged.
  • the movable wall surface can be made of a material with certain elasticity, so that it is easy to generate dynamic response, vibrate with the T-S wave fluctuation of the laminar flow boundary layer, and increase the drag reduction effect.
  • the multi-active multiple wall is arranged on the inner channel surface connecting the front and rear ends of the object, reducing frictional resistance and increasing
  • the fluid discharge quantity also changes the dynamic characteristics of the top and tail fluids, and the pressure difference has been compared with the undisposed state. Reduced, has increased the effect of reducing the effect of viscosity and pressure.
  • a driving device is used to apply a driving force to the active boundary surface so that the boundary surface moves faster than the fluid velocity, a thrust state occurs (which can partially replace the function of the propeller), and a negative pressure occurs at the front and a positive pressure at the rear, thereby The sticking resistance is offset.
  • the sides of the object can also be regarded as non-closed passages, and the movable wall surfaces on both sides can greatly reduce the frictional resistance of the fluid.
  • the driving force is applied to make the moving wall movement speed higher than the speed of the fluid to be reduced, the frictional resistance of the fluid disappears.
  • there is a thrust state and a negative pressure occurs at the front, and a positive pressure occurs at the rear, which is offset by the sticking resistance.
  • Other fluid pumping devices can be added to speed up the fluid transport speed.
  • Arranging the movable wall surface along the direction of fluid movement or along the direction of fluid movement in the top and the tail of the object can also reduce the impact force of the fluid on the object (ie, the shape resistance), and the arrangement should be considered to conform to the streamline principle, and Smooth connection without excessive mutation, minimize the angle between the long axis of the object to reduce the impact force and divergence energy directly from the mechanical impact, and take a part of the active wall for analysis.
  • Each slope can be decomposed into two planes, one is a vertical plane perpendicular to the direction of fluid motion, and the other is a horizontal plane parallel to the direction of fluid motion, both sides moving backwards and toward both sides of the object along the direction of fluid motion.
  • the vertical rearward movement reduces the relative velocity of the fluid and reduces the impact force of the fluid (ie the shape resistance).
  • the friction will discharge the fluid to the sides;
  • the horizontal rearward movement reduces or even eliminates the The frictional resistance of the fluid, moving to both sides also pushes the fluid to the sides;
  • the moving wall is arranged in the direction of the tail in the direction of fluid movement Introducing fluid into the end of the object, increasing the pressure of the fluid on the end of the object to reduce the pressure difference between the front and the rear; therefore, the movable wall disposed at the top and tail can not only directly reduce the fluid impact force and frictional resistance, but also have the function of pumping and discharging fluid and assisting drag reduction. .
  • the Nas-Tok equation is also applied to the top fluid. It is also found that the fluid and kinetic energy changes are reduced after the active wall is placed, and the energy and kinetic energy are reduced.
  • the fluid exerts shape resistance on the impact of the head of the object.
  • part of the shape resistance is frictional resistance. That is, when the fluid velocity on the top surface of the object is decomposed, it is known that the velocity component parallel to the surface of the fluid actually causes frictional resistance. It can be eliminated by arranging the moving wall surface, and the velocity component perpendicular to the surface causes the impact force, but this component is smaller.
  • the dragon is smaller when the shape of the object head conforms to the streamline shape, and applies a lateral velocity to the incoming flow.
  • a modified propeller-like mechanism can be used to apply lateral velocity to the incoming flow, as shown in Figure 16, but with its "blade" plane and incoming flow direction.
  • the above method can be implemented according to the method points, and a specific device is designed to be implemented.
  • the technical feature of the device used in the present invention is that the device and the fluid contact side are provided with multiple movable walls. It can move with fluid motion and reduce the relative velocity with the fluid; when the driving force is applied, its relative movement speed with the object to be dragged can exceed the speed of fluid movement, thereby eliminating fluid friction resistance and reducing shape resistance.
  • the device of the invention is installed between the surface of the object requiring drag reduction and the fluid, and has different compositions and combinations depending on the use situation, but can be basically divided into the following parts: movable wall mechanism, steering mechanism, outer casing and Support mechanism, sealing mechanism, internal lubrication fluid and other auxiliary mechanisms, etc., and can be divided into multiple installation units of the same size or different according to the installation process.
  • the composition of each unit is basically the same, and the organic combination of each unit is composed.
  • the movable wall surface mechanism refers to a soft film type member which can be circulated and moved like a conveyor belt in the device, and is a main execution member for performing a drag reduction method, and can be made of nylon or rubber.
  • the specific gravity is set to be the same as or close to the fluid to be contacted, to reduce the unfavorable load caused by its own weight, and to cover the polytetrafluoroethylene self-lubricating material with a small friction coefficient to reduce the mutual contact between the adjacent movable wall surfaces. Friction (compared to the gas when the drag reducing fluid is gas); the length, width and other parameters are determined according to the installation unit and the associated layer and the number of the weight.
  • the width direction is set to a certain amount of stretching;
  • Two side belts with strong tensile strength and double-sided externally applied high-strength friction material are provided on both sides along the length direction.
  • the side belts are wrapped around the "rotor" of the steering mechanism.
  • the movable wall member can also be laid with special materials due to the use of functional requirements, such as the outermost movable wall to increase the power of the fluid when the outflow is increased or to prevent internal
  • a rough surface or a receiver such as a scraper can be arranged to receive fluid energy to drive the movable wall surface, or to increase the pushing capacity
  • Thick wall surface or steel wire rope reinforcement such as adding a thin stick to resist unbalanced pressure, or laying a wire or a composite magnet material for driving or balancing external force by electromagnetic force, for example, to prevent adjacent
  • the movable wall faces are in contact with each other, and the same pole magnet such as a flexible composite plastic magnetic or rubber magnetic strip can be attached to the opposite movable wall surface to generate a repulsive force, even if the contact friction is unavoidable due to the small positive pressure and
  • the generated friction is small; and the convex magnetic strip arranged in a certain manner can also prevent the movable wall from running off and positioning The sealing effect, and Resist the unfavorable load caused by gravity.
  • the fluid in contact with the movable wall is a gas
  • the weight of the movable wall will cause it to have a large sag.
  • the support or the drum can be supported at intervals, the support or the drum will increase the contact friction.
  • the shape resistance is additionally generated, and the installation thickness is not easy to control. Therefore, the magnetic material can be laid in the movable wall surface, and the magnetic device is also disposed on the solid wall of the object.
  • the spacing and the magnetic field strength should be determined strictly according to the electromagnetic force to eliminate the gravity. The impact.
  • the steering mechanism is a mechanism for driving and assisting the moving wall member to change the moving direction to complete the circular motion, generally consisting of a rotating drum and an auxiliary mechanism thereof, and the rotating drum is arranged symmetrically by the rotating shaft, its bearing and the bracket, and fixed on the rotating shaft.
  • Many pairs of circular runners are formed, just like the belt is wound on the pulley in the belt drive, the side belt on the movable wall is wound on the runner, and the runner structure is similar to the pulley of the transmission, on the outer circumference There are grooves to prevent the sideband from deviating.
  • the number of runners is determined by the number of the movable wall of the layer.
  • the runners with different radii on the drum determine the relative velocity between the heavy moving walls overlying the inflow.
  • a pair of rotating drums are arranged at both ends of each layer, which basically meets the requirements, and then multiple movable walls are respectively wrapped thereon to form a layer.
  • the return wall side of the movable wall and the surface of the object are enclosed.
  • the same method can be used to arrange one layer to the multi-layer movable wall surface, and the adjacent movable wall surfaces of each layer have opposite movement directions, in order to control the relative speed between the layers.
  • a pulley can be arranged outside the rotating shaft of each layer of the drum, and each pulley interacts with a mechanical transmission such as a belt drive to control the relative speed between the layers; the device for the external flow is also determined by the drag reduction method.
  • the device from the attribute quality can be installed separately on both sides of the object and on the top part of the object, or can be installed as a circulation line; thereby forming a multi-layer multi-active wall system device.
  • the driving drum In order to drive the outermost wall surface to generate thrust, the driving drum is driven, and the rotating shaft adopts a built-in driving motor to drive the rotating drum.
  • the motor driving is a relatively mature technology in the conveyor industry, and of course, other methods are not excluded.
  • the drive for example mechanical transmission, transmits kinetic energy; the drive drum can be arranged along the outermost active wall, the number and position of the arrangement being determined as desired, and not limited to the active wall turn.
  • the steering drum is set up because the diameter of the rotating drum is large to reduce the total thickness of the movable wall to avoid the shape resistance caused by the outflow and the effective overcurrent sectional area during the inflow, and there is no between the runner and the rotating shaft. Fixed, but the bearings can be rotated freely, the radius between the runners is not much different, the ideal state is roughly equal to the distance between two adjacent movable walls, the sidebands of the movable wall are turned and twisted in turn on the steering drum after being turned by the drum On each of the runners, the thickness of the installation is reduced.
  • the gap between the layers can be replaced by a fluid with lubrication and pressure balance.
  • the principle of fluid selection for lubrication is generally a fluid with a small viscosity coefficient and a small density. If the fluid to be dragged is a gas, hydrogen and helium are preferred. Wait for the gas, but if the dangerous hydrogen is selected, the sealing device is strict. If the drag reducing fluid is liquid, choose a fluid with a small viscosity coefficient and a lubricating effect, such as a polymer solution. If you choose a gas, you should pay attention to keep it.
  • the balance between pressure and hydraulic pressure, especially the vertical surface of the device used as the movable wall surface should be specially equipped or specially designed to maintain the pressure balance.
  • a thin stick can be placed in the width direction in the movable wall to strengthen the liquid resistance.
  • the transverse baffle is arranged in the gas chamber to divide it into a plurality of independent small air chambers in the vertical direction, and the dynamic sealing design is performed between the baffle and the movable wall surface, and each small air chamber maintains a certain pressure value ( It is often equal to the pressure of the liquid outside the midpoint of the gas chamber to make the sum of the inner and outer pressures equal.)
  • the unbalanced fluid pressure of the small gas chambers at the upper and lower ends is balanced by the electromagnetic force generated by the method of arranging the permanent magnet or the like, or The push and pull forces generated by the designed sealing mechanism are balanced.
  • magnetic suspension technology can also be considered to balance the uneven fluid pressure.
  • the pressure changes encountered during operation generally consider that the lubricating fluid is closed to change its volume with pressure, so that it can be balanced against the pressure.
  • the side belt and the positioning rib can also be arranged like a spiral labyrinth seal. Therefore, when the upper and lower wall positions can be controlled, the non-contact dynamic seal is formed, and the rotating shaft and the outer casing are combined to form one or more sealed or semi-enclosed spaces, and the rigidity of each wall surface is increased, the initial tension is preset, the number of rotating drums is increased, and the installation is reduced.
  • Unit size and the addition of electromagnetic force resistance device and fluid pressure compensation device can improve the ability to resist external pressure changes.
  • the stiffness of the outermost wall should be strengthened.
  • the cylinder, and the outermost wall at the top position is separately provided with a circulation line, or a plurality of drums can be arranged to directly resist the fluid impact (the rotating drum doubles as the movable wall and the driving device), so that the part is cancelled most
  • the outer active wall becomes a special case.
  • the seal can be eliminated and external fluids can be easily accessed as much as possible to maintain pressure balance.
  • the mechanism for applying lateral velocity or pumping fluid to the incoming flow at the top of the object may be provided with an improved propeller structure or a blade and a blade as needed.
  • the width direction sealing device is mainly arranged along the boundary of the outer casing or the supporting edge and the movable wall surface, and the selection is the same as the general dynamic sealing design; the sealing along the length direction is generally arranged between the mounting units.
  • the moving speed is the same and between the adjacent outermost movable wall surface and the movable wall surface (if necessary, a sealing can be provided between the inner movable wall surfaces), and a strong magnetic substance with strong penetrating force is placed in the movable wall surface outside the side band.
  • Externally applied to the same or similar material as the gasket for sealing (can also be directly attached to a composite magnetic strip such as a rubber magnetic strip).
  • the seal is a live button type, which can be pulled or synthesized as needed; in the case where the reaction speed is not required Designed to open and close mechanical locking device may refer to the principles of the fastener means. If the device is filled with dangerous goods such as hydrogen that are not allowed to leak, the sealing device is strict, and even a magnetic fluid seal may be considered.
  • the sealing mechanism prevents the lubricating fluid from escaping and prevents impurities from entering, and can also strengthen the connection of the movable wall through its connection, so as to form a relatively closed space, have certain stability, and have certain resistance imbalance. Ability to force.
  • the device is provided with a housing for the convenience of processing or preventing the lubrication fluid from corroding the surface of the object.
  • the manner of fixing the steering mechanism and the outer casing and the outer surface of the outer surface of the object to be dragged can be flexibly determined according to requirements, and sometimes the outer casing can be eliminated. Replaced by the surface of the object.
  • the end casing can also resist the impact of the steering fluid on the end, and sometimes a support can be provided to balance the centrifugal force generated by the fluid steering where there is no casing against the fluid impact at the movable wall turning position.
  • the electromagnetic force driving method is still applicable, that is, the metal mesh or the wire is arranged in the movable wall to pass current or cause an induced current, Or arrange a strong magnetic material, and another electromagnetic field to drive it, as shown in Figure 17, this way is the same as the linear motor, the active wall is equivalent to the secondary of the linear motor, and the device with external electromagnetic field is equivalent In the primary of the linear motor, the thrust generated by the movable wall is also transmitted directly to the object through the primary and is no longer transmitted through the bearing and bracket of the rotating shaft.
  • the steering can also be placed at the primary and the retaining position (or similar to the stator of the high-speed motor).
  • the mechanism can assist the steering, the lateral force under the condition of starting or braking at the rotating shaft can also be balanced and positioned by magnetic levitation or even superconducting technology.
  • the rotating shaft and the rotating wheel can even be set as primary or secondary respectively, for example in
  • the wires are arranged on the rotating shaft to generate an induced current, which is controlled by the conductive wheel and the sideband. System current activities within the wire introduction wall surface may be controlled to thereby control the force activities where each heavy wall surface and the like, the technical details with reference to linear motor technology.
  • Controlling the relative velocity of each heavy moving wall and the fluid and the object to be dragged within a certain value can prevent the shock wave from being generated and eliminate the shock wave resistance, but there will still be somewhere on the top of the moving object and the rotating shaft runner. Shock waves appear, and should be considered and arranged in the specific design. In the case of lower speed applications such as ships and submarines, such propulsion schemes can also be used. In seawater, electromagnetic fluid propulsion technology can also be combined. It has the characteristics of high power, fast start, high energy utilization, etc. Large investment and high technical requirements.
  • auxiliary mechanisms such as safety operation monitoring mechanisms, various types of sensors and control lines, various fairing mechanisms, lubrication fluid replenishing mechanisms and pressure compensation balancing mechanisms are also important components of the device, which are basically the same as the prior art.
  • Some parts of the low-speed motion can directly refer to the relevant content of the conveyor technology.
  • the present invention and its apparatus are equivalent to solving the object table in relation to the first type of method in the background art.
  • the replacement technique and process measures of the viscous fluid with different viscosity and specific gravity are realized, so that the considerable drag reduction potential can be explored; compared with the second method, it is easier to control the flow when changing the boundary surface and the relative velocity of the fluid.
  • the invention has both its drag reduction characteristics and the advantages of other methods, thereby further reducing the resistance.
  • the present invention arranges the movable wall surface reduction item and the tail pressure difference from the both sides or the internal passage on the basis of retaining the streamline type drag reducing effect, thereby The drag reduction effect is increased, and the streamlined top and tail surfaces are further arranged with the movable wall surface to further increase the drag reduction effect; and it is more important to note that when the present invention is used as a drag reduction propulsion method or tool, not only the shape resistance is reduced, but The frictional resistance of the fluid disappears, which is unmatched by any other drag reduction method and propeller at present, and therefore the present invention is a major breakthrough in the fluid drag reduction method.
  • the invention has the advantages of simple structure, low cost, convenient safety, and favorable industrialization, and has wide application prospects in various drag reduction fields.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic view showing a simple drag reduction of the device of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing the arrangement of a plurality of movable walls and a circulation route in an inflow state
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic view showing a movable wall surface disposed outside a self-rotating moving object such as a flywheel;
  • Figure 4 is a schematic view showing the arrangement of multiple active walls and a circulation route in an outflow state
  • Figure 5 is a schematic view showing the structure of the driving drum
  • Figure 6 is a front elevational view of the drive drum
  • Figure 7 is a schematic view showing the structure of the steering drum
  • Figure 8 is a front elevational view of the steering drum
  • Figure 9 is a schematic view of the movable wall surface deflected by the steering drum to reduce the installation thickness
  • Figure 10 is a schematic view showing a flexible positioning magnetic strip attached to the movable wall surface
  • Figure 11 is a schematic view of the relative speed of each layer of the drum controlled by the belt drive
  • Figure 12 is a schematic view showing the structure of the movable wall
  • Figure 13 is a schematic view showing the division and positional relationship of the installation units of the oil pipeline in the first embodiment
  • Figure 14 is a schematic view showing the division of the water supply channel installation unit in the second embodiment
  • Figure 15 is a longitudinal sectional view showing the water body drag reduction installation of the side wall type hovercraft in the fourth embodiment
  • Figure 16 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the improved propeller
  • Figure 17 is a schematic diagram of the primary drive of the linear motor placed at the active wall turn with current.
  • Figure 13 is a schematic diagram of the division of the drag reducing installation unit of the petroleum conveying pipeline and the positional relationship of each unit. If the pipe diameter is about 1100mm, the width of each unit is about 500 ⁇ 600mm, and three layers are set, one to two and two from the inside to the outside.
  • the triple active wall, the average specific gravity of the movable wall is the same as the specific gravity of the oil or lubricating fluid, which can eliminate the sag caused by gravity, and at the same time, a flexible composite magnetic strip is attached to prevent or reduce the friction of the touch.
  • a special joint is arranged at the pipe joint, and a driving drum, a steering drum and the like are arranged therein, and the movable wall surface turning manner is the same as that shown in Fig. 9.
  • each heavy movable wall surface installation (including its own thickness and the weight interval) is about 4 mm.
  • the total thickness is about 4.4cm, and there is a live button sealing mechanism.
  • the fluid for lubrication is a petroleum or water mixed with a cerium concentration ⁇ molecular polymer. Although the over-flow area is reduced by about 20% after installation, the speed is increased by 2-4 times under the same energy consumption. If combined with the water circulation technology, it can be transported under normal temperature and pressure.
  • FIG. 14 is a schematic diagram of the division of the mounting unit, and can be increased when the cell width is too wide.
  • the top is air, so there is no drag reduction device; five layers of movable walls are installed along the channel wall, and each layer is one-, two-, three-, three-, and five-fold moving walls from the channel wall. Face, with a length of 100 m as a mounting unit, a recessed groove is provided in the wall of the canal every 100 m.
  • the drive drum is placed in the trough, and the rotating drum and the inter-layer contact mechanism are turned.
  • the movable button seal of the present invention is disposed between adjacent outermost movable wall surfaces of each mounting unit, and a multi-stage dynamic seal is arranged between the end baffle of each unit and the movable wall surface, and the space enclosed by the movable wall surface is filled with high density.
  • the aqueous solution of the high molecular weight polymer is used as a lubricant, and the driving drum is only provided with a small power driving motor to supplement the energy of the frictional resistance loss, or simply without a driving motor, so that the channel has a certain slope, and the kinetic energy converted by gravity energy is supplemented.
  • the friction loss causes the water flow to maintain a high speed, and a conduit can be provided at each unit connection to derive the bottom sediment, as shown in FIG.
  • a mounting unit is installed above the water channel.
  • the unit only needs one or two movable walls (the upper part is in contact with air), and the wire is laid in a certain way in the movable wall to make it a straight line.
  • the secondary of the motor, and the primary that is fixed to the channel wall by the bracket. The blade can also be added outside the movable wall to increase the ability to push the drainage flow, but the blade should avoid the primary position to avoid excessive air gap).
  • the current is caused by the active wall to push the water flow upward along the bottom of the slope. Due to the high power and high energy conversion rate of linear motors, such channels will have great applications in long-distance water transfer projects and transport waterways.
  • the floating body is a cylinder having a diameter of about 1.5 meters, and is divided into three mounting units, and the positional relationship profiles of the three mounting units are the same as those of the first embodiment.
  • the cross-section diagrams are very similar. The difference is that the hexagons enclosed by three units are outside the cylinder. Each unit is about 1 meter wide.
  • the longitudinal section is basically the same as that in Figure 4. Note that the three units intersect at the head and tail. The arrangement, two of which are turned at right angles at the head and tail, and the inboard current drag reduction on the outside arranges multiple movable walls to reduce the resistance across the top.
  • Each unit is arranged with five movable walls, and the return side is arranged with subordinate movable walls. It is also five-fold. Each weight is about 5mm thick and 5mm apart. The same polarity flexible magnetic strip is adhered to prevent or reduce contact friction. Every 2 meters or so, there is a driving drum, a built-in driving motor, and the movable wall side belt is modified by a high-power transmission belt. The movement of the fluid pressure at the top position is complicated, so the driving drum is further added, and the outermost wall is thickened. To keep the device stable.
  • a sealing mechanism is arranged at each relevant part, a lubricating fluid is a high concentration polymer aqueous solution, and a battery or the like can be arranged in the floating body, so that after the current is passed, the plurality of driving motors drive the movable wall to move backward at a speed greater than the speed, thereby Propulsion is generated and the fluid frictional resistance disappears.
  • the principle is as shown in Fig. 16, and a multi-layer modified propeller device is added on the top to reduce the shape resistance.
  • FIG. 15 is a schematic longitudinal cross-sectional view, and the air-cushion apron of the hovercraft's head and tail is cancelled and replaced by two hollow large drums. Wrapped up Moving the wall, but because the hull has been lifted off the surface of the water, the drag reduction effect is not very large, so the part of the device is saved and the drum is reserved, which is equivalent to the special case where the movable wall is arranged only at the beginning and the end.
  • the drum can provide partial buoyancy
  • the hull load is mainly supported by buoyancy provided by the air cushion chamber
  • the dynamic seal design is performed between the drum and the air chamber and the movable wall surface of the side wall to reduce the pressure loss of the air chamber.
  • the outer wall of the drum is laid with a wire to make it a "linear motor” secondary.
  • the primary part of the "linear motor” is placed at the junction of the hull and the drum.
  • the drum rotates at a high speed to discharge the water to the rear of the drum. Generate thrust. Since the water flow is not discharged to both sides, not only the shape resistance is reduced, but also the wave resistance is reduced or even eliminated.
  • the radius of the drum is relatively large, so that it can cross the height of the wave.
  • the wave can only impact the lower half of the drum, and its impact force becomes the driving force of the drum rotation, thereby reducing or even eliminating the resistance of the tower; and the two rigid sidewalls
  • the 5 ⁇ 10 active wall is also set according to the external flow drag reduction mode, and the driving device can also be provided to provide the propulsive force, thereby reducing or even eliminating the frictional resistance of the sidewall fluid.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
  • Buildings Adapted To Withstand Abnormal External Influences (AREA)
  • Structures Of Non-Positive Displacement Pumps (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention porte sur un procédé qui permet de réduire la résistance fluidique, lequel procédé consiste à former au moins un niveau de parois mobiles autour de l'objet dont on souhaite réduire la résistance fluidique, ledit niveau comprenant au moins une couche de parois, lesdites parois tournant à une certaine vitesse relative de manière qu'elles forcent le fluide à s'écouler en conséquence, le fluide qui s'écoule le long de la surface de l'objet pouvant se transformer en écoulement stratifié. D'autre part, les parois mobiles précitées sont mises en contact avec le fluide et agissent comme face de contour, de manière que la face de contour et la surface de l'objet peuvent être séparées. En outre, la face de contour tourne avec le fluide et leur vitesse relative est réduite sans que cela influence le mouvement de l'objet. L'invention concerne également un appareil destiné à réduire la résistance fluidique.
PCT/CN2006/001825 2005-07-29 2006-07-24 Procede permettant de reduire la resistance fluidique et appareil a cet effet WO2007012267A1 (fr)

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CNA2005100361797A CN1730950A (zh) 2005-07-29 2005-07-29 多重活动壁面流体减阻装置
CN200510036179.7 2005-07-29

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WO2012069472A1 (fr) * 2010-11-22 2012-05-31 MAX-PLANCK-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der Wissenschaften e.V. Élimination d'une turbulence dans des écoulements limités par une paroi
US20120227819A1 (en) * 2009-11-13 2012-09-13 Lisong Zou Fluid resistance reducing method and resistance reducing propulsion device
GB2626368A (en) * 2023-01-20 2024-07-24 Thaleron Ltd Developments to flywheel energy storage

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CN102777450A (zh) * 2012-07-26 2012-11-14 上海交通大学 新型高速表面减阻结构
CN109505829B (zh) * 2018-11-28 2021-12-03 中国核电工程有限公司 一种非能动模块化流体阻力元件
CN110636685B (zh) * 2019-09-10 2021-09-28 空气动力学国家重点实验室 一种基于等离子体发生器的壁面减阻机构

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Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20120227819A1 (en) * 2009-11-13 2012-09-13 Lisong Zou Fluid resistance reducing method and resistance reducing propulsion device
US9441650B2 (en) * 2009-11-13 2016-09-13 Lisong Zou Fluid resistance reducing method and resistance reducing propulsion device
WO2012069472A1 (fr) * 2010-11-22 2012-05-31 MAX-PLANCK-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der Wissenschaften e.V. Élimination d'une turbulence dans des écoulements limités par une paroi
US9261119B2 (en) 2010-11-22 2016-02-16 Institute Of Science And Technology Austria Eliminating turbulence in wall bounded flows
GB2626368A (en) * 2023-01-20 2024-07-24 Thaleron Ltd Developments to flywheel energy storage
WO2024153774A1 (fr) 2023-01-20 2024-07-25 Thaleron Limited Développements apportés au stockage d'énergie de volant d'inertie
GB2626368B (en) * 2023-01-20 2025-05-21 Thaleron Ltd Developments to flywheel energy storage

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