WO2007053248A1 - Procede de reduction des acrylamides dans des aliments cuits - Google Patents
Procede de reduction des acrylamides dans des aliments cuits Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2007053248A1 WO2007053248A1 PCT/US2006/037007 US2006037007W WO2007053248A1 WO 2007053248 A1 WO2007053248 A1 WO 2007053248A1 US 2006037007 W US2006037007 W US 2006037007W WO 2007053248 A1 WO2007053248 A1 WO 2007053248A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- protein
- peptide composition
- food
- uncooked food
- composition
- Prior art date
Links
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 108
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 67
- HRPVXLWXLXDGHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylamide Chemical compound NC(=O)C=C HRPVXLWXLXDGHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 claims abstract description 207
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 claims abstract description 207
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 173
- 239000012460 protein solution Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 101
- 101800000263 Acidic protein Proteins 0.000 claims abstract description 68
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000010411 cooking Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 235000018102 proteins Nutrition 0.000 claims description 199
- 108090000765 processed proteins & peptides Proteins 0.000 claims description 77
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 claims description 27
- 210000003205 muscle Anatomy 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 150000002632 lipids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 244000061456 Solanum tuberosum Species 0.000 claims description 9
- 235000002595 Solanum tuberosum Nutrition 0.000 claims description 9
- 235000009582 asparagine Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- DCXYFEDJOCDNAF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Asparagine Natural products OC(=O)C(N)CC(N)=O DCXYFEDJOCDNAF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- DCXYFEDJOCDNAF-REOHCLBHSA-N L-asparagine Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](N)CC(N)=O DCXYFEDJOCDNAF-REOHCLBHSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 229960001230 asparagine Drugs 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000000346 sugar Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- 241000251468 Actinopterygii Species 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000013372 meat Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000013312 flour Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000002732 Allium cepa var. cepa Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 244000144977 poultry Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 244000291564 Allium cepa Species 0.000 claims 1
- 210000003365 myofibril Anatomy 0.000 abstract description 3
- 210000002235 sarcomere Anatomy 0.000 abstract description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 239000003925 fat Substances 0.000 description 13
- 108090000790 Enzymes Proteins 0.000 description 12
- 102000004190 Enzymes Human genes 0.000 description 12
- 229940088598 enzyme Drugs 0.000 description 12
- 235000019197 fats Nutrition 0.000 description 12
- 239000003929 acidic solution Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 241000287828 Gallus gallus Species 0.000 description 6
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 235000013330 chicken meat Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 102000004196 processed proteins & peptides Human genes 0.000 description 6
- 210000001519 tissue Anatomy 0.000 description 6
- 239000012670 alkaline solution Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000005119 centrifugation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 5
- 235000019688 fish Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 238000004108 freeze drying Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000001694 spray drying Methods 0.000 description 5
- 150000008163 sugars Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 235000012054 meals Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 4
- 240000008042 Zea mays Species 0.000 description 3
- 235000005824 Zea mays ssp. parviglumis Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 235000002017 Zea mays subsp mays Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 3
- 235000001014 amino acid Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 229940024606 amino acid Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 150000001413 amino acids Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000008346 aqueous phase Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000005822 corn Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000000796 flavoring agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000019634 flavors Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 235000015220 hamburgers Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 235000012015 potatoes Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 235000001674 Agaricus brunnescens Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 241000238557 Decapoda Species 0.000 description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 102000008934 Muscle Proteins Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 108010074084 Muscle Proteins Proteins 0.000 description 2
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000015278 beef Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000012020 french fries Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000014571 nuts Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000014594 pastries Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000015277 pork Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000013594 poultry meat Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000013580 sausages Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000015170 shellfish Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000000108 ultra-filtration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 108091005508 Acid proteases Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101800000112 Acidic peptide Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 241000234282 Allium Species 0.000 description 1
- 240000002234 Allium sativum Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000272525 Anas platyrhynchos Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000272814 Anser sp. Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000238017 Astacoidea Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000972773 Aulopiformes Species 0.000 description 1
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 244000000626 Daucus carota Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000002767 Daucus carota Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000723298 Dicentrarchus labrax Species 0.000 description 1
- 102000018389 Exopeptidases Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010091443 Exopeptidases Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 241000276438 Gadus morhua Species 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 235000019687 Lamb Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000276495 Melanogrammus aeglefinus Species 0.000 description 1
- 206010028980 Neoplasm Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241000237502 Ostreidae Species 0.000 description 1
- 108090000526 Papain Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 241000237503 Pectinidae Species 0.000 description 1
- 206010034203 Pectus Carinatum Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241000269908 Platichthys flesus Species 0.000 description 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004365 Protease Substances 0.000 description 1
- 241000277331 Salmonidae Species 0.000 description 1
- 102000005158 Subtilisins Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010056079 Subtilisins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001323 aldoses Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011260 aqueous acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001508 asparagines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000015496 breakfast cereal Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000014121 butter Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 201000011510 cancer Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 235000010675 chips/crisps Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000012489 doughnuts Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000010410 dusting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000013601 eggs Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000013373 food additive Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000002538 fungal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000004611 garlic Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000020993 ground meat Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- BHEPBYXIRTUNPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydridophosphorus(.) (triplet) Chemical compound [PH] BHEPBYXIRTUNPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 241000238565 lobster Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000015090 marinades Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 108010009355 microbial metalloproteinases Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 235000013336 milk Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008267 milk Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000004080 milk Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000020939 nutritional additive Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000020636 oyster Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940055729 papain Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000019834 papain Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000013606 potato chips Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000019515 salmon Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000020637 scallop Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008247 solid mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013599 spices Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000012789 taco shells Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23B—PRESERVATION OF FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES; CHEMICAL RIPENING OF FRUIT OR VEGETABLES
- A23B2/00—Preservation of foods or foodstuffs, in general
- A23B2/70—Preservation of foods or foodstuffs, in general by treatment with chemicals
- A23B2/725—Preservation of foods or foodstuffs, in general by treatment with chemicals in the form of liquids or solids
- A23B2/729—Organic compounds; Microorganisms; Enzymes
- A23B2/762—Organic compounds containing nitrogen
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23B—PRESERVATION OF FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES; CHEMICAL RIPENING OF FRUIT OR VEGETABLES
- A23B7/00—Preservation of fruit or vegetables; Chemical ripening of fruit or vegetables
- A23B7/14—Preserving or ripening with chemicals not covered by group A23B7/08 or A23B7/10
- A23B7/153—Preserving or ripening with chemicals not covered by group A23B7/08 or A23B7/10 in the form of liquids or solids
- A23B7/154—Organic compounds; Microorganisms; Enzymes
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; PREPARATION OR TREATMENT THEREOF
- A23L19/00—Products from fruits or vegetables; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L19/10—Products from fruits or vegetables; Preparation or treatment thereof of tuberous or like starch containing root crops
- A23L19/12—Products from fruits or vegetables; Preparation or treatment thereof of tuberous or like starch containing root crops of potatoes
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; PREPARATION OR TREATMENT THEREOF
- A23L5/00—Preparation or treatment of foods or foodstuffs, in general; Food or foodstuffs obtained thereby; Materials therefor
- A23L5/20—Removal of unwanted matter, e.g. deodorisation or detoxification
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; PREPARATION OR TREATMENT THEREOF
- A23L5/00—Preparation or treatment of foods or foodstuffs, in general; Food or foodstuffs obtained thereby; Materials therefor
- A23L5/20—Removal of unwanted matter, e.g. deodorisation or detoxification
- A23L5/27—Removal of unwanted matter, e.g. deodorisation or detoxification by chemical treatment, by adsorption or by absorption
Definitions
- This invention relates to a process for reducing acrylamide formation in cooked food. More particularly, this invention relates to a process for reducing acrylamide formation in cooked food containing asparagine.
- acrylamide is formed in cooked food when heated to a temperature that supports the reaction of asparagine and reducing sugars (aldose) present in the food.
- the reaction involved is known as a Maillard reaction and involves the condensation of asparagine and reducing sugars in the food to form acrylamide.
- the reaction is effected at about 140° and above.
- acrylamide may cause cancer in animals.
- Representative foods containing asparagine and reducing sugars include potatoes, such as french fried potatoes, potato chips, corn based chips, taco shells and breakfast cereals.
- uncooked food containing asparagines and reducing sugars to be cooked is coated, injected and/or admixed with a dry protein mixture or an aqueous acidic solution of protein mixture derived from animal muscle tissue and/or with a peptide composition derived from the mixture or from the aqueous acidic solution of protein mixture in order to reduce acrylamide formation in the food during cooking at a temperature above about 14O 0 C.
- the protein mixtures comprise a mixture of myofibrillar proteins and sarcoplasmic proteins obtained by one of the processes disclosed in U.S. Patents 6,005,073; 6,288,216; 6,136,959 and/or 6,451 ,975 all of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety.
- dry protein mixture as used herein is meant a dehydrated, protein mixture of myofibrillar proteins and sarcoplasmic proteins derived from animal muscle tissue and which is obtained from an aqueous acid solution (less than or equal to pH 4.0) or an aqueous alkaline solution (greater than or equal to pH 10.5).
- the dry protein mixture also contains less than about 15 weight percent water, preferably between about 3 and 10 weight percent water and most preferably between about 3 and 7 weight percent water based on the total weight of the protein mixture and water. While a dry protein mixture containing 0% water is useful in the present invention, dry powders, in general, containing 0 to 3 weight percent water can be dangerous to process on a commercial scale. Solid mixtures of myofibrillar proteins and sarcoplasmic proteins containing greater than about 15 weight percent water based on total weight of the protein mixture and water are undesirable in this invention since they are microbially unsound.
- aqueous acidic protein solution an aqueous solution of myofibrillar proteins and sarcoplasmic proteins derived from animal muscle tissue and having a pH of 4.0 or less, preferably pH 3.5 or less and most preferably between about 2.5 and about 3.5, but not so low as to adversely affect the protein functionality.
- the aqueous acidic protein solution can be obtained directly from animal muscle tissue by the processes described below or by dissolving the dry protein mixture in water or in a pharmaceutically or food grade acceptable aqueous acidic solution.
- aqueous alkaline protein solution as used herein is meant an aqueous solution of myofibrillar proteins and sarcoplasmic proteins having a pH from about 10.5 to about 12.0.
- the aqueous alkaline protein solution can be obtained directly from animal muscle tissue by the process described below.
- a dry alkaline protein mixture is obtained by drying the aqueous alkaline protein solution such as by lyophilization, evaporation or spray drying.
- the dry protein mixture or dry alkaline protein mixture of myofibrillar proteins and sarcoplasmic protein, in powder form, dehydrated form or small particulate form or peptide composition derived from the dry protein mixture is applied to the surface of the food to be cooked, is injected into the food to be cooked and/or is mixed with the food (ground, minced or thinly sliced) to be cooked such as hamburger or sausage.
- the aqueous acidic protein solution or aqueous alkaline protein solution or peptide composition derived from the aqueous acidic protein solution or aqueous alkaline protein solution can be applied to the surface of the food or it can be mixed with the food or it can be injected into the food.
- the food containing the dry protein mixture, dry alkaline protein mixture, aqueous alkaline protein solution or aqueous acidic protein solution or peptide composition derived therefrom then can be cooked such as by baking or frying such as by deep fat frying at a temperature above about 14O 0 C up to a temperature where the food is overcooked reducing acrylamide formation in the food.
- the difference in weight of acrylamide treated in accordance with this invention after being cooked in compared with food without the dry protein mixture or aqueous acidic protein solution or peptide composition derived therefrom after being cooked in is between about 25 and about 95 %, preferably, between about 50 and about 95% less acrylamide.
- the dry alkaline protein mixture of myofibrillar proteins and sarcoplasmic protein, in powder form, dehydrated form or small particulate form or peptide composition derived from the dry alkaline protein mixture is applied to the surface of the food to be cooked, is injected into the food to be cooked, is injected into the food to be cooked and/or is mixed with the food (ground, minced or thinly sliced) to be cooked such as hamburger or sausage.
- the aqueous alkaline protein solution or peptide composition derived from the aqueous alkaline protein solution can be applied to the surface of the food or it can be mixed with the food or it can be injected into the food.
- the food containing the dry protein mixture or aqueous alkaline protein solution or peptide composition derived therefrom then can be cooked at elevated temperature above about 14O 0 C while minimizing formation of acrylamide.
- the difference in acrylamide formation between food treated in accordance with this invention after being cooked compared with food without the dry alkaline protein mixture or aqueous alkaline protein solution or peptide composition derived therefrom after being cooked is between about 25 and about 95 %, preferably, between about 50 and about 95% less acrylamide.
- the peptide composition useful in the present invention is obtained by contacting the dry protein mixture, the aqueous acidic protein solution; the aqueous alkaline protein solution or the dry alkaline protein mixture with an enzyme composition which converts the protein to a peptide composition at the pH of the protein.
- the peptide composition can be a dry peptide composition, an aqueous acidic peptide composition, an aqueous alkaline peptide solution or a dry alkaline peptide mixture.
- food containing asparagine and reducing sugars to be cooked at above about 14O 0 C is coated, injected with and/or admixed with a dry protein mixture, a dry alkaline protein mixture, an aqueous acidic protein solution or an aqueous alkaline protein solution of myofibrillar proteins and sarcoplasmic proteins derived from animal muscle tissue and/or a peptide composition derived from the dry protein mixture, the dry alkaline protein mixture, the aqueous acidic protein solution or the aqueous alkaline protein solution.
- the dry protein mixture, dry protein alkaline mixture, aqueous alkaline protein solution and aqueous acidic protein solution are obtained by the processes disclosed in U.S. Patents 6,005,073, 6,288,216, 6,136,959 and 6,451,975 all of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety.
- the peptide composition utilized in the present invention is obtained by contacting the dry protein mixture, the aqueous acidic protein solution, the dry alkaline protein mixture or an aqueous alkaline protein solution with an enzyme that converts the protein to a peptide. This dry protein mixture is obtained by one of four processes.
- animal muscle tissue is formed into small tissue particles which are then mixed with sufficient acid to form a solution of the tissue having a pH of 4.0 or less, preferably 3.5 or less and most preferably between about 2.5 and about 3.5, but not such a low pH as to adversely modify the animal tissue protein.
- the solution is centrifuged to form a lowest membrane lipid layer, an intermediate layer of aqueous acidic protein solution and a top layer of neutral lipids (fats and oils).
- the intermediate layer of aqueous acidic protein solution then is separated from the membrane lipid layer or from both the membrane lipid layer and the neutral lipid layer.
- the protein mixture is free of myofibrils and sarcomeres.
- the protein in the aqueous acidic protein solution is recovered after centrifugation (when used) or by drying the aqueous acidic solution, such as by evaporation, spray drying or lyophilization to form the dry protein mixture having the low pH it had when it was dissolved in the aqueous acidic protein solution.
- the aqueous acidic protein solution can be utilized with the uncooked food without drying the solution.
- the protein in the aqueous acidic protein solution can be precipitated and recovered and mixed with a pharmaceutically acceptable or food grade acid to form an aqueous acidic protein solution of a desired viscosity.
- the proteins in the acidic protein solution can be raised to a pH between about 10.5 and 12 using base to form an aqueous alkaline protein solution.
- animal muscle tissue is formed into small tissue particles which are then mixed with sufficient aqueous base solution to form a solution of the tissue wherein at least 75% of the animal muscle protein is solubilized, but not such a high pH as to adversely modify the animal tissue protein, i.e., a pH between about 10.5 and about 12.
- the solution is centrifuged to form a lowest membrane lipid layer, an intermediate aqueous protein rich layer and a top layer of neutral lipids (fats and oils).
- the intermediate aqueous alkaline protein-rich layer then is separated from the membrane lipid layer or from both the membrane lipid layer and the neutral lipid layer.
- aqueous alkaline protein solution can be recovered at this point.
- the pH of the protein-rich aqueous phase can be lowered to a pH below about 4.0, preferably below about 3.5 and most preferably between about 2.0 and 3.5 to form the aqueous acidic protein solution.
- the protein in the aqueous acidic protein solution is recovered after centrifugation (when used) by drying the aqueous acidic protein solution, such as by evaporation, spray drying or lyophilization to form a powder product having the low pH it had when it was dissolved in the aqueous acidic solution.
- the aqueous acidic protein solution can be applied directly to the food without drying.
- the protein in aqueous alkaline solution having a pH between about 10.5 and 12.0 recovered after centrifugation (when used) can be dried, such as by spray drying, evaporation or lyophilization to form a powder product.
- the dry protein mixture, the dry alkaline protein mixture, the aqueous acidic protein solution or the aqueous alkaline protein solution then is coated or injected into and/or admixed with the uncooked food.
- the dry protein mixture, dry alkaline protein mixture, aqueous acidic protein solution, or aqueous acidic protein solution and/or peptide composition derived therefrom can be applied alone or in admixture with conventional food or nutritive additives such as breading or batter coatings, spice dry rubs, cracker meal, corn meal or the like.
- the dry protein mixture, the dry alkaline protein mixture, the aqueous alkaline protein solution or aqueous acidic protein solution and/or peptide composition derived therefrom can be coated on the surface of the uncooked food with an applicator or can be coated by immersion tumbling the uncooked food in the solution or in a marinade containing the acidic aqueous protein solution, the dry alkaline protein mixture, or the aqueous alkaline protein solution or dry acidic protein mixture in a container or tumbling or vacuum tumbling apparatus.
- the dry protein mixture, dry alkaline protein mixture, aqueous acidic protein solution or aqueous alkaline protein solution also can contain flavorants such as butter flavor or garlic flavor or the like.
- dry protein mixture dry alkaline protein mixture, aqueous alkaline protein mixture or the aqueous acidic protein solution utilized in the present invention can be obtained by the following representative methods:
- reduce the pH of the aqueous alkaline solution to about 5.0-5.5 to precipitate the protein lower the pH of the precipitated protein to a pH of 4.0 or less to form a concentrated aqueous acidic protein solution and use the concentrated aqueous acidic solution or dry the solution and use the recovered dry protein.
- reduce the pH of the aqueous alkaline solution to about 5.0-5.5 to precipitate the protein lower the pH of the precipitated protein to a pH of 4.0 or less to form a concentrated aqueous acidic solution and use the concentrated aqueous acidic protein solution or dry the solution and use the recovered dry protein mixture.
- the protein products utilized in the present invention comprise primarily myofibrillar proteins that also contains significant amounts of sarcoplasmic proteins.
- the sarcoplasmic proteins in the protein product admixed with, injected into and/or coated on the uncooked food comprises above about 8%, preferably above about 10%, more preferably above about 15 % and most preferably above about 18%, up to about 30% by weight sarcoplasmic proteins, based on the total weight of protein in the dry protein mixture, dry alkaline protein mixture, the aqueous alkaline protein solution and/or aqueous acidic protein solution.
- the starting protein is derived from meat or fish, including shellfish muscle tissue.
- Representative suitable fish include deboned flounder, sole haddock, cod, sea bass, salmon, tuna, trout or the like.
- Representative suitable shellfish include shelled shrimp, crayfish, lobster, scallops, oysters or shrimp in the shell or like.
- Representative suitable meats include beef, lamb, pork, venison, veal, buffalo or the like; poultry such as chicken, mechanically deboned poultry meat, turkey, duck, a game bird or goose or the like.
- the dry protein mixture, dry alkaline protein mixture, aqueous alkaline protein solution or aqueous acidic protein solution of myofibrillar proteins and sarcoplasmic protein is mixed with one or more enzymes, which convert the protein to peptides thereby to produce a peptide composition which is added to food prior to cooking the food in order to retain moisture cooked food.
- the enzymes can be exoproteases and can be active to produce peptides at an acidic pH, an alkaline pH or a neutral pH.
- Representative suitable enzymes useful at acidic pH include Enzeco Fungal Acid Protease (Enzyme Development Corp., New York, NY; Newlase A (Amano, Troy, VA); and Milezyme 3.5 (Miles Laboratories, Elkhart, IN) or mixtures thereof.
- Representative suitable enzymes useful at alkaline pH include Alcalase 2.4 LFG (Novozyes, Denmark).
- Representative suitable enzymes useful at neutral pH include Neutrase 0.8L (Novozymes, Denmark) and papain (Penta, Livingston, NJ) or mixtures thereof. After, the peptides have been formed, their pH can be adjusted, either alone or in admixture with the protein composition of this invention to pH below about 4.0 or between about 10.5 and about 12.0 prior to applying them to an uncooked food to be cooked.
- the enzyme can be inactivated by changing pH of the protein composition with which it is mixed.
- the peptides formed by reaction of the protein composition with the enzyme composition then can be recovered by drying the solution wherein the reaction takes place. Drying can be effected by evaporation, spray drying, freeze-drying or the like.
- the peptides produced are instantaneously soluble in water at neutral pH.
- the peptide composition can be added to uncooked food for the purposes set forth above.
- the peptide products useful in this invention contain less than about 1 weight percent fats and oils (total), preferably less than about 0.2% weight percent fats and oils based on the weight of peptide.
- the peptide products utilized in the present invention contain less than about 2 weight percent ash, preferably less than about 0.2% weight percent fats and oils based on the weight of peptide. This low ash content is achieved by washing with water the protein starting material. Ash is defined as minerals, such as sodium, potassium, calcium, iron or phosphorous.
- the peptide products of this invention are instantly soluble in water to form a clear solution.
- the peptide products of this invention generally have lighter color whiteness units than the color whiteness units of a similar unhydrolyzed protein isolate from which they are derived as measured by a colorimeter with L, a, b capabilities.
- This lighter color is found with the hydrolyzed peptides of this invention derived from meats such as beef, pork or chicken as well as from dark muscle tissue from fish such as pelagic fish. This lighter color characteristic is desirable since it more easily permits dissolving the peptide product in water to form clear aqueous solutions.
- Color whiteness index is determined by converting the L, a, b values utilizing the formula: 100 [(100-L) 2 + a 2 + b 2 ] 05 . Color is measured using a tristimulus colorimeter utilizing the universally adopted "L, a, b" opponent-type scale developed by Richard Hunter as is well known in the art. "L” is a measure of light ranging from white to black. The “a” value measures the range from green to red, and the "b” value measures the range from blue to yellow. With these three coordinates, a three-dimensional value can be assigned to any color.
- the aqueous acidic protein solution, aqueous alkaline protein solution, the dry alkaline protein mixture or the dry protein mixture of myofibrillar proteins and sarcoplasmic proteins, and/or the peptide composition derived therefrom is applied to a surface of uncooked food to be cooked, or is injected into and/or is mixed with the uncooked food to be cooked.
- the uncooked food is both injected with and coated with the protein and/or peptide composition set forth above.
- the dry protein mixture, dry alkaline protein mixture, aqueous alkaline protein solution or aqueous acidic protein solution can be utilized alone or in admixture with a peptide composition derived therefrom. Alternatively, the peptide composition can be added alone to the uncooked food.
- a surface is a surface of uncooked food which is positioned 90 degrees from an adjacent surface or surfaces of the uncooked food.
- the term “a surface” can comprise the connecting surface connecting two adjacent surfaces positioned 90 degrees from each other.
- the entire surface of the uncooked food is coated with the dry acidic protein mixture, dry alkaline protein mixture, aqueous alkaline protein solution or aqueous acidic protein solution.
- the uncooked food containing the protein and/or the peptide then can be cooked at elevated temperature in acrylamide by the food being cooked.
- particulate food such as ground meat or fish, e.g. hamburger, or a food mixture such as a pastry for doughnuts is mixed with the dry protein mixture, dry alkaline protein mixture, aqueous alkaline protein solution or aqueous acidic protein solution comprising myofibrillar proteins and sarcoplasmic proteins and/or the peptide composition derived therefrom at a weight ratio usually comprising about 0.03 to about 18% weight of the protein mixture based on the weight of the uncooked food, preferably between about 0.5 and 10% weight based on the weight of uncooked food and most preferably comprising between about 0.5 to about 7% weight based on the weight of the uncooked food.
- the aqueous acidic protein solution, aqueous alkaline protein solution or peptide solution derived therefrom can be added to the food in the same ratios based on the weight of and/or peptide precooked food.
- the dry protein mixture, dry alkaline protein mixture, aqueous alkaline protein mixture or aqueous acidic protein solution and/ or peptide composition derived therefrom is applied to at least one surface of the food, the amount of the protein and/ or peptide mixture added is the same weight ratio as set forth above when mixed with uncooked food.
- the uncooked food can become undesirably hard.
- the uncooked food which is modified in accordance with this invention comprises vegetables, such as potato, corn, carrot or onion, tempura; nuts, mushrooms, flour based foods such as batter compositions, pastry compositions or the like. Additional foods include mushroom, nuts, batter compositions such as those comprising flour, egg and milk which can include additional food such as cornmeal, cracker meal or dusting meals.
- the food containing the dry protein mixture, dry alkaline protein mixture, aqueous alkaline protein solution or aqueous acidic protein solution and/or the peptide composition then can be cooked above about 14O 0 C in a conventional manner such as by deep fat frying, pan frying, baking or the like. It has been found that the cooked food provided in accordance with this invention contains between about 25% and about 95%, preferably between about 50% and about 95% less acrylamide by weight as compared to the same cooked food free of the protein and/or peptide composition of this invention.
- Example 1 Extracted chicken proteins to reduce acrylamide formation in deep fat fried potato.
- a chicken protein solution was manufactured according to US Patent No. 6,451 ,975 and concentrated using ultrafiltration and a 500,000 NWCO membrane filter (Koch Membrane, Wilmington, MA). Raw Russet potatoes suitable for french fries were obtained and cut into 3/8 inch strips and placed into cold water prior to frying.
- Frozen chicken breast pieces were ground (Stephan Micro-cut, Columbus, OH) and then acidified in phosphoric acid, pH 3.0 to form the chicken protein solution, 1.7 wt. % solution of dissolved solids. After ultrafiltration, a 3% Brix solution corresponding to an approximately 2.5wt/% protein solution was recovered.
- Sample 1 was a raw potato control which was not contacted with the protein solution.
- Sample 2 was a frozen raw potato control which was not contacted with the protein solution.
- Sample 3 was dipped into the chicken protein (3% Brix) and shaken to rid of excess protein (total approximately 5% pick-up), prior to being placed into a deep-fat fryer to fully cook for approximately 5 min, 30 seconds. Examples 1 and 2 were deep fat fried without any added protein. Product was analyzed for acrylamide content and the results are set forth in Table 1.
- the french fried potato made in accordance with this invention contain less than about 30% by weight acrylamide.
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Nutrition Science (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Meat, Egg Or Seafood Products (AREA)
- General Preparation And Processing Of Foods (AREA)
- Preparation Of Fruits And Vegetables (AREA)
Abstract
Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2008537712A JP2009513134A (ja) | 2005-11-01 | 2006-09-25 | 調理済み食材中のアクリルアミドを減少させるための方法 |
AU2006309256A AU2006309256A1 (en) | 2005-11-01 | 2006-09-25 | Process for reducing acrylamide in cooked food |
EP06804040A EP1942751A4 (fr) | 2005-11-01 | 2006-09-25 | Procede de reduction des acrylamides dans des aliments cuits |
CA002626010A CA2626010A1 (fr) | 2005-11-01 | 2006-09-25 | Procede de reduction des acrylamides dans des aliments cuits |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US73182105P | 2005-11-01 | 2005-11-01 | |
US60/731,821 | 2005-11-01 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2007053248A1 true WO2007053248A1 (fr) | 2007-05-10 |
Family
ID=38006181
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/US2006/037007 WO2007053248A1 (fr) | 2005-11-01 | 2006-09-25 | Procede de reduction des acrylamides dans des aliments cuits |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP1942751A4 (fr) |
JP (1) | JP2009513134A (fr) |
CN (1) | CN101299927A (fr) |
AU (1) | AU2006309256A1 (fr) |
CA (1) | CA2626010A1 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2007053248A1 (fr) |
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US8021709B2 (en) | 2005-07-01 | 2011-09-20 | Mpf, Inc. | Systems and methods for separating proteins from connective tissue |
WO2019158866A1 (fr) | 2018-02-16 | 2019-08-22 | Saint-Gobain Glass France | Procede de depot d'un revetement intumescent organique sur feuille de verre |
WO2019158865A1 (fr) | 2018-02-16 | 2019-08-22 | Saint-Gobain Glass France | Vitrage anti-feu |
FR3119844A1 (fr) | 2021-02-16 | 2022-08-19 | Saint-Gobain Glass France | Vitrage anti-feu comprenant une feuille de verre revêtue d’un revêtement intumescent |
Families Citing this family (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN102805277A (zh) * | 2012-05-31 | 2012-12-05 | 中国农业大学 | 丙烯酰胺抑制剂及其应用 |
US20210307369A1 (en) * | 2020-04-03 | 2021-10-07 | Pacific Foods Solutions, LLC | Reducing fat absorption in prepared foods |
Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6451975B1 (en) * | 1996-12-21 | 2002-09-17 | Advanced Protein Technologies, Inc. | Protein composition and process for isolating a protein composition from a muscle source |
US20050048172A1 (en) * | 2003-09-02 | 2005-03-03 | Vattem Dhiraj A. | Compositions of legume proteins and methods of use thereof for reducing acrylamide in cooked foods |
US20050058757A1 (en) * | 2003-03-12 | 2005-03-17 | Jae Hoon Kim | Snacks having lower acrylamide levels and process for preparation thereof |
US7163707B2 (en) * | 2002-09-24 | 2007-01-16 | Proteus Industries, Inc. | Food product and process for reducing oil and fat content in cooked food |
Family Cites Families (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6005073A (en) * | 1996-12-21 | 1999-12-21 | Advanced Protein Technologies, Inc. | Process for isolating a protein composition from a muscle source and protein composition |
US20040058045A1 (en) * | 2002-09-19 | 2004-03-25 | Elder Vincent Allen | Method for reducing acrylamide formation in thermally processed foods |
US7393550B2 (en) * | 2003-02-21 | 2008-07-01 | Frito-Lay North America, Inv. | Method for reducing acrylamide formation in thermally processed foods |
JP2004305201A (ja) * | 2002-11-27 | 2004-11-04 | Hayashibara Biochem Lab Inc | アクリルアミドの生成抑制方法とその用途 |
JP2004313183A (ja) * | 2003-04-04 | 2004-11-11 | House Foods Corp | 食品中のアクリルアミドの低減方法 |
DE10316998A1 (de) * | 2003-04-11 | 2004-10-28 | Basf Ag | Verfahren zur Verminderung der Acrylamidbildung beim Erhitzen von aminogruppenhaltigen Verbindungen |
EP1740059A2 (fr) * | 2004-02-09 | 2007-01-10 | Cargill, Incorporated | Produit alimentaire a faible teneur en acrylamide |
US20050214411A1 (en) * | 2004-03-29 | 2005-09-29 | Lindsay Robert C | Methods for suppressing acrylamide formation and restoring browned color and flavor |
-
2006
- 2006-09-25 WO PCT/US2006/037007 patent/WO2007053248A1/fr active Application Filing
- 2006-09-25 CN CNA2006800406428A patent/CN101299927A/zh active Pending
- 2006-09-25 AU AU2006309256A patent/AU2006309256A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2006-09-25 EP EP06804040A patent/EP1942751A4/fr not_active Withdrawn
- 2006-09-25 CA CA002626010A patent/CA2626010A1/fr not_active Abandoned
- 2006-09-25 JP JP2008537712A patent/JP2009513134A/ja active Pending
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6451975B1 (en) * | 1996-12-21 | 2002-09-17 | Advanced Protein Technologies, Inc. | Protein composition and process for isolating a protein composition from a muscle source |
US7163707B2 (en) * | 2002-09-24 | 2007-01-16 | Proteus Industries, Inc. | Food product and process for reducing oil and fat content in cooked food |
US20050058757A1 (en) * | 2003-03-12 | 2005-03-17 | Jae Hoon Kim | Snacks having lower acrylamide levels and process for preparation thereof |
US20050048172A1 (en) * | 2003-09-02 | 2005-03-03 | Vattem Dhiraj A. | Compositions of legume proteins and methods of use thereof for reducing acrylamide in cooked foods |
Non-Patent Citations (3)
Title |
---|
RYDBERG ET AL.: "Investigations of Factors that Influence the Acrylamide Content of Heated Foodstuffs", J. AGRIC. FOOD CHEM., vol. 51, November 2003 (2003-11-01), pages 7012 - 7018, XP002291214 * |
See also references of EP1942751A4 * |
TAEYMANS ET AL.: "A Review of Acrylamide: An Industry Perspective on Research, Analysis, Formation, and Control", CRITICAL REVIEW IN FOOD SCIENCE AND NUTRITION, vol. 44, October 2004 (2004-10-01), pages 323 - 347, XP008047217 * |
Cited By (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US8021709B2 (en) | 2005-07-01 | 2011-09-20 | Mpf, Inc. | Systems and methods for separating proteins from connective tissue |
US8871291B2 (en) | 2005-07-01 | 2014-10-28 | M.P.F., Inc. | Methods for separating proteins from connective tissue |
WO2019158866A1 (fr) | 2018-02-16 | 2019-08-22 | Saint-Gobain Glass France | Procede de depot d'un revetement intumescent organique sur feuille de verre |
WO2019158865A1 (fr) | 2018-02-16 | 2019-08-22 | Saint-Gobain Glass France | Vitrage anti-feu |
FR3119844A1 (fr) | 2021-02-16 | 2022-08-19 | Saint-Gobain Glass France | Vitrage anti-feu comprenant une feuille de verre revêtue d’un revêtement intumescent |
WO2022175623A1 (fr) | 2021-02-16 | 2022-08-25 | Saint-Gobain Glass France | Vitrage anti-feu |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CA2626010A1 (fr) | 2007-05-10 |
AU2006309256A1 (en) | 2007-05-10 |
CN101299927A (zh) | 2008-11-05 |
JP2009513134A (ja) | 2009-04-02 |
EP1942751A1 (fr) | 2008-07-16 |
EP1942751A4 (fr) | 2010-12-22 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
US7160567B2 (en) | Process for retaining moisture in cooked food with a peptide | |
US7163707B2 (en) | Food product and process for reducing oil and fat content in cooked food | |
EP1942751A1 (fr) | Procede de reduction des acrylamides dans des aliments cuits | |
ZA200603335B (en) | Food product and process for reducing oil and fat content in cooked food | |
CA2813712A1 (fr) | Procede de reduction de la teneur en lipides et en graisses d'un produit cuisine au moyen de proteines de pois | |
US10182585B2 (en) | Process for reducing oil and fat content in cooked food with animal muscle protein in suspension | |
US20060210680A1 (en) | Process for reducing oil and fat content in cooked potato | |
US20070042092A1 (en) | Process for reducing acrylamide in cooked food | |
US20060204639A1 (en) | Process for reducing oil and fat content in cooked potato | |
US20070259093A1 (en) | Process for thickening food having reduced oil and fat content | |
MXPA06006080A (en) | Food product and process for reducing oil and fat content in cooked food |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 200680040642.8 Country of ref document: CN |
|
DPE2 | Request for preliminary examination filed before expiration of 19th month from priority date (pct application filed from 20040101) | ||
121 | Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application | ||
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 566939 Country of ref document: NZ Ref document number: 2006804040 Country of ref document: EP |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: MX/a/2008/004305 Country of ref document: MX |
|
ENP | Entry into the national phase |
Ref document number: 2008537712 Country of ref document: JP Kind code of ref document: A |
|
ENP | Entry into the national phase |
Ref document number: 2626010 Country of ref document: CA |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 2006309256 Country of ref document: AU |
|
NENP | Non-entry into the national phase |
Ref country code: DE |
|
ENP | Entry into the national phase |
Ref document number: 2006309256 Country of ref document: AU Date of ref document: 20060925 Kind code of ref document: A |