WO2006138039A2 - Procede de production de fibres haute qualite a partir de proteines de ble ainsi que produits fabriques a partir de fibres de proteines de ble - Google Patents
Procede de production de fibres haute qualite a partir de proteines de ble ainsi que produits fabriques a partir de fibres de proteines de ble Download PDFInfo
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- WO2006138039A2 WO2006138039A2 PCT/US2006/020430 US2006020430W WO2006138039A2 WO 2006138039 A2 WO2006138039 A2 WO 2006138039A2 US 2006020430 W US2006020430 W US 2006020430W WO 2006138039 A2 WO2006138039 A2 WO 2006138039A2
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- percent
- fibers
- wheat
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Links
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 178
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 title claims abstract description 155
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- 235000021307 Triticum Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 133
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- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 11
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 title description 9
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- 238000005345 coagulation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 21
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- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 19
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- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 13
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- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 12
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- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000007380 fibre production Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 8
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- 108010073771 Soybean Proteins Proteins 0.000 claims description 6
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- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanoic acid Natural products OC=O BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
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- 239000002759 woven fabric Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- DNJIEGIFACGWOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl mercaptane Natural products CCS DNJIEGIFACGWOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- DGVVWUTYPXICAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N β‐Mercaptoethanol Chemical compound OCCS DGVVWUTYPXICAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(3-methoxyphenyl)aniline Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC(C=2C=CC(N)=CC=2)=C1 OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000017060 Arachis glabrata Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000010777 Arachis hypogaea Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000018262 Arachis monticola Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 241000287828 Gallus gallus Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 210000003746 feather Anatomy 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000019253 formic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 238000004061 bleaching Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000004043 dyeing Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000007669 thermal treatment Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 150000001413 amino acids Chemical class 0.000 abstract 1
- 235000018102 proteins Nutrition 0.000 description 107
- 108010068370 Glutens Proteins 0.000 description 48
- 235000021312 gluten Nutrition 0.000 description 48
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 17
- 108090000790 Enzymes Proteins 0.000 description 16
- 102000004190 Enzymes Human genes 0.000 description 16
- 229940088598 enzyme Drugs 0.000 description 16
- 210000002268 wool Anatomy 0.000 description 12
- 108010061711 Gliadin Proteins 0.000 description 11
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 11
- 108010050792 glutenin Proteins 0.000 description 8
- SXRSQZLOMIGNAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glutaraldehyde Chemical compound O=CCCCC=O SXRSQZLOMIGNAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 7
- GGAUUQHSCNMCAU-ZXZARUISSA-N (2s,3r)-butane-1,2,3,4-tetracarboxylic acid Chemical group OC(=O)C[C@H](C(O)=O)[C@H](C(O)=O)CC(O)=O GGAUUQHSCNMCAU-ZXZARUISSA-N 0.000 description 6
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- -1 but not limited to Substances 0.000 description 6
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000002166 wet spinning Methods 0.000 description 5
- 108010015776 Glucose oxidase Proteins 0.000 description 4
- 239000004366 Glucose oxidase Substances 0.000 description 4
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229940116332 glucose oxidase Drugs 0.000 description 4
- 235000019420 glucose oxidase Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- GEHJYWRUCIMESM-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium sulfite Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])=O GEHJYWRUCIMESM-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
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- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- 244000068988 Glycine max Species 0.000 description 2
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- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 102000003992 Peroxidases Human genes 0.000 description 2
- PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 240000008042 Zea mays Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000005824 Zea mays ssp. parviglumis Nutrition 0.000 description 2
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- 235000018417 cysteine Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229920006240 drawn fiber Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 235000013336 milk Nutrition 0.000 description 2
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- 108040007629 peroxidase activity proteins Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 239000004627 regenerated cellulose Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 235000011152 sodium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
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- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009987 spinning Methods 0.000 description 2
- KWSLGOVYXMQPPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-2h-tetrazole Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C1=CC=CC(C2=NNN=N2)=C1 KWSLGOVYXMQPPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002955 Art silk Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000793 Azlon Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 description 1
- BWGNESOTFCXPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dihydrogen disulfide Chemical compound SS BWGNESOTFCXPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DWAQJAXMDSEUJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium bisulfite Chemical compound [Na+].OS([O-])=O DWAQJAXMDSEUJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 108060008539 Transglutaminase Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001299 aldehydes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- DIZPMCHEQGEION-UHFFFAOYSA-H aluminium sulfate (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Al+3].[Al+3].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O DIZPMCHEQGEION-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium sulfate Chemical compound N.N.OS(O)(=O)=O BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052921 ammonium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011130 ammonium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 1
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-VFUOTHLCSA-N beta-D-glucose Chemical compound OC[C@H]1O[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-VFUOTHLCSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001718 carbodiimides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000013339 cereals Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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- VHJLVAABSRFDPM-QWWZWVQMSA-N dithiothreitol Chemical compound SC[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)CS VHJLVAABSRFDPM-QWWZWVQMSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-NJFSPNSNSA-N methanone Chemical compound O=[14CH2] WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-NJFSPNSNSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
- D01F4/00—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of proteins; Manufacture thereof
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
- D01D1/00—Treatment of filament-forming or like material
- D01D1/02—Preparation of spinning solutions
Definitions
- the present invention relates generally to protein fiber production, and particularly to a method of producing protein fibers from proteins in wheat grains to be used in various products including textiles, films, composites, and the like.
- Protein fibers are commonly preferred over synthetics and natural cellulose fibers for several applications.
- the unique properties of protein fibers such as their high extensibility, moisture absorption, better warmth retention, soft hand, luxurious appearance and durability make them preferred fibers for several applications.
- wool and silk are the only two natural protein fibers available on the market.
- the total world production of protein fibers is about 2.5 million tons, only about 4% of the total world fiber production.
- the limited availability of wool and silk makes them to be relatively expensive fibers. For instance, , medium quality wool costs about $5 per pound and silk costs about $12 per pound competing against cotton selling at $0.60 per pound and most synthetic fibers selling at less than $1 per pound. This makes wool and silk to be premium fibers used for high value applications.
- the present invention provides a process of fiber production and modification that produces fibers from wheat proteins that have mechanical properties similar to that of wool, and appearance and handle similar to that of silk.
- the unique properties and low cost advantage of wheat gluten and other wheat proteins have been utilized to produce high quality 100% protein fibers.
- wheat proteins particularly wheat gluten, are relatively low cost in comparison to soy proteins and zein. Purified zein is reported to cost $8 to $12 per pound and soy protein costs about $1.20 per pound. Wheat gluten costs about $0.50 per pound.
- Other advantages of wheat proteins include excellent water and thermal stability and oxygen barrier properties.
- wheat proteins have excellent spinnability and can be used to form fine fibers.
- a method for production of wheat protein fibers may include dissolving wheat proteins by use of at least one of an alkali, acid, alcohol, reducing agent, chemical additive, or salt in weight ratios ranging between approximately 0.5 percent and 50 percent by weight of a single wheat protein or a combination of one or more wheat proteins. Further, the method may include aging the dissolved wheat proteins at temperatures from approximately minus thirty degrees Celsius (- 3O 0 C) to one hundred and fifty degrees Celsius (150 0 C) for approximately one to eighty hours to obtain a spinnable solution. In addition, the method entails extruding the dissolved wheat proteins into a coagulation bath to precipitate the wheat protein fibers in which the coagulation bath includes at least one of an alkali, acid or salt.
- a textile product or a composite product may include extracted wheat protein fibers, wherein the extracted wheat protein fibers include at least one of a fineness ranging from approximately eight deniers to one hundred and fifty deniers, a strength ranging from approximately 0.1 grams to five grams per denier or elongation from two percent to fifty percent.
- the textile product may be yarn, woven material, non-woven material, apparel, carpet, automotive fabric, or a medical textile.
- a protein fiber production kit may include a dissolving solution.
- the dissolving solution includes at least one of an alkali, acid, alcohol, reducing agent, chemical additive, or salt in weight ratios ranging between approximately 0.5 percent and fifty percent by weight of a single protein source or a combination of one or more protein sources.
- the protein source may vary including a wheat protein, a soy protein, a peanut protein, zein, or a chicken feather protein.
- the kit may also include a coagulation bath to precipitate the fibers.
- the coagulation bath may include at least one of an alkali, acid or salt to allow the fiber proteins to be precipitated.
- the yielded protein fibers are suitable for use in a variety of products including, but not limited to, woven fabrics, non-woven materials, composites, powders and films. Further, the products may include varying amounts of wheat protein fibers ranging from one hundred percent form or as blends with other fibers or polymers in ratios ranging from approximately five percent to ninety five percent.
- FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method of production of wheat protein fibers in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 2 is a graphical depiction of the effect of wheat gluten concentration on the strength of the fibers in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 3 is a graphical depiction of the effect of aging time on the strength of the fibers in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 4 is a graphical depiction of the effect of aging temperature on the strength of wheat fibers in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 5 is a scanning electron microscope image of a wheat protein fiber in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, wherein the wheat protein fiber includes a smooth outer surface;
- FIG. 6 is a scanning electron microscope image of a wheat protein fiber in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, wherein the wheat protein fiber includes a solid cross-section;
- FIG. 7 is a graphical depiction of the X-ray diffraction pattern of wheat gluten, wheat gluten fibers in comparison to wool in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 8 is an X-ray diffraction image of a wheat gluten fiber in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present invention. DETAELED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
- a method 100 for production of wheat protein fibers from wheat proteins including gluten, glutenin, gliadin or other like wheat proteins is provided.
- Commercially available wheat gluten in "as is” form is preferred for producing fibers to avoid additional costs in purifying the wheat proteins.
- the wheat gluten may be purified to separate the two major components glutenin and gliadin and these components may be used separately or in any combination to produce the protein fibers.
- the method 100 may include dissolving wheat proteins 102 by use of at least one of an alkali, acid, alcohol, reducing agent, chemical additive, or salt in weight ratios ranging between approximately 0.5 percent and fifty percent by weight of a single wheat protein or a combination of one or more wheat proteins.
- the at least one alkali, acid, alcohol, reducing agent, chemical additive, or salt dissolves the proteins by breaking the disulfide linkages and hydrogen bonds in the wheat proteins.
- any solvent that dissolves proteins including alkalis, alcohols and acids can be used for dissolving the wheat proteins.
- wheat gluten solvents include, but are not limited to ethanol, isopropyl alcohol, urea, mercaptoethanol, sodium hydroxide, urea, formaldehyde, and like reagents. These solvents can be used alone or as a combination of one or more solvents to achieve complete dissolution of the proteins and form a highly viscous and spinnable solution. Reducing agents such as sodium sulfite, sodium bisulfite, mercaptoethanol, dithiothreitol and cysteine may also be used in weight ratios of 0.05 to twenty percent on weight of the proteins used. In addition to the solvents and reducing agents, other chemicals such as plasticizers may also be added to improve the spinnability and properties of the fibers.
- plasticizers include but not limited glycerol and ethanol in ratios of 0.1 to fifty percent, preferably between approximately one and twenty percent and more preferably between approximately one and ten percent of the weight of proteins used.
- the protein dissolution can be carried out at temperatures ranging from approximately minus thirty degrees Celsius and one hundred degrees Celsius, preferably at room temperature and more preferably between approximately fifty and ninety degrees Celsius.
- the method 100 may include aging the dissolved wheat proteins 104 at temperatures from approximately minus thirty degrees Celsius (-3O 0 C) to one hundred and fifty degrees Celsius (150 0 C) for approximately one to eighty hours, more preferably between approximately twenty and forty hours, and more preferably between approximately twenty four and thirty eight hours, in order to form a viscous, spinnable solution.
- temperatures from approximately minus thirty degrees Celsius (-3O 0 C) to one hundred and fifty degrees Celsius (150 0 C) for approximately one to eighty hours, more preferably between approximately twenty and forty hours, and more preferably between approximately twenty four and thirty eight hours, in order to form a viscous, spinnable solution.
- the method 100 may entail extruding the dissolved wheat proteins into a coagulation bath 106 to precipitate the wheat protein fibers in which the coagulation bath includes at least one of an alkali, acid or salt.
- the aged solution will be used to produce fibers using the dry or wet spinning system depending on the protein solvent used.
- a suitable coagulation bath will be formulated to precipitate the solvents and obtain the fibers.
- Spinning of the fibers can be carried out at atmospheric or elevated temperatures. Most suitable temperatures are about twenty five to eighty five degrees Celsius and more preferably between approximately sixty and one hundred degrees Celsius.
- the fibers from the spinning system can be air dried in the case of dry spinning or treated in a coagulation bath for the fibers to precipitate if wet spinning is used.
- the coagulation bath for wet spinning is composed of acids, alkalis, salts and other chemicals depending on the solvent system used. Examples of acids used include, but are not limited to sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid and formic acid. Examples of salts used include sodium chloride, sodium sulfate, ammonium sulfate, and aluminum sulfate.
- the temperature of the coagulation bath could be between approximately zero and one hundred degrees Celsius, preferably between approximately twenty and fifty degrees Celsius and more preferably between approximately forty and eighty degrees Celsius.
- wheat proteins may be used as a blend to produce bicomponent or multicomponent fibers using the wet or dry spinning system. Fibers in various configurations such as sheath core, island-in-sea or other configurations can be produced.
- the method 100 may include subjecting the wheat protein fibers to various after treatments 108 to improve the properties of the fibers.
- Several after treatments may be used to improve the properties of the wheat protein fibers.
- One or more of these processes may be necessary to obtain fibers suitable for a particular end use.
- wheat protein fibers may be crosslinked either during or after fiber production.
- Crosslinking agents can be dissolved during protein dissolution or in the coagulation bath as a one-step process or the fibers may be crosslinked after fiber formation as a two-step process.
- crosslinking agents that may be used for crosslinking wheat protein fibers include but not limited to Poly(carboxylic acids) containing more than two carboxylic groups such as Butanetetracarboxylic acid (BTCA) and citric acid, carbodiimides, aldehydes such as formaldehyde and gluteraldehyde, cysteine and enzymes such as peroxidase, glucose oxidase and transglutaminase (Tgase).
- the concentration of the crosslinking agents used can be between approximately 0.001 to thirty percent based on the weight of the fibers, preferably between approximately 0.01 to twenty percent and more preferably between approximately three and ten percent.
- Crosslinking can be performed between zero to one hundred degrees Celsius, preferably between twenty to seventy degrees Celsius.
- the time of crosslinking is usually between approximately one and three hundred and sixty minutes, preferably between ten and two hundred minutes.
- the crosslinked fibers may be dried and cured. Some of the crosslinking chemicals need to be cured for the crosslinking reaction to occur. Curing temperatures may be from one hundred to three hundred degrees Celsius depending on the crosslinking chemicals used.
- the time of curing is usually between approximately one and one hundred and twenty minutes, preferably between approximately one and thirty minutes and more preferably between approximately one and ten minutes depending on the type of chemicals and the concentration of chemicals used for crosslinking.
- the crosslinking chemicals and enzymes listed here may be used in combination with the others. Any suitable catalyst may also be used to accelerate the crosslinking reaction.
- the wheat protein fibers may be subjected to heat treatment to improve the strength of the wheat protein fibers.
- wheat protein fibers are heated in dry air or in water at temperatures between ambient to approximately two- hundred degrees Celsius for approximately two to six-hundred minutes and preferably between eighty five to one hundred and forty degrees Celsius for sixty to one hundred and twenty minutes and more preferably between one hundred and one hundred and twenty degrees Celsius for about sixty to eighty minutes
- drawing may be utilized to increase the alignment of the polymers along the fiber axis thereby leading to increased fineness, strength and elongation.
- the wheat protein fibers formed may be drawn by hand or any suitable means to lengths from approximately two to five hundred percent of their original length after extrusion.
- drawing may be carried out during extrusion or coagulation as a one step process or after fiber formation as a two step process. Moreover, drawing may be carried in the dry or wet state. The wet state could be achieved using water or any other solution that does not dissolve wheat proteins.
- wheat protein fibers may be subject to physical treatments such as ultra-violet (UV) light treatment and ⁇ -irradiation to improve the fiber properties.
- UV and ⁇ -irradiation can be done using standard equipment for any lengths of time as required to improve the properties of fibers.
- a protein fiber production kit may include a dissolving solution.
- the dissolving solution includes at least one of an alkali, acid, alcohol, reducing agent, chemical additive, or salt in weight ratios ranging between approximately 0.5 percent and fifty percent by weight of a single protein source or a combination of one or more protein sources.
- the protein source may vary including a wheat protein, a soy protein, a peanut protein, zein, or a chicken feather protein.
- the kit may also include an extruding solution for dissolving the proteins source into a coagulation bath.
- the coagulation bath may include at least one of an alkali, acid or salt to allow the fiber proteins to be precipitated.
- the yielded protein fibers are suitable for use in a variety of products including, but not limited to, woven fabrics, non-woven materials, composites, powders and films. Further, the products may include varying amounts of wheat protein fibers ranging from one hundred percent form or as blends with other fibers or polymers in ratios ranging from approximately five percent to ninety five percent.
- the present method and kit yield high quality one hundred percent protein fibers and products which may be utilized to produce numerous products including, but not limited to, woven fabrics, non-woven materials, composites, powders and films, the products including wheat protein fibers in one hundred percent form or as blends with other fibers or polymers in ratios ranging from approximately five percent to ninety five percent.
- Wheat protein fibers obtained according to this invention have the fineness, length, strength and elongation required for textile (e.g., yarn, woven material, non-woven material, apparel, carpet, automotive fabric, or a medical textile) and other fibrous applications.
- wheat protein fibers with a fineness ranging from approximately eight deniers to one hundred and fifty deniers, a strength ranging from approximately 0.1 grams to five grams per denier or elongation from two percent to fifty percent may be produced by the presently disclosed method.
- Example 1 Dissolving wheat proteins.
- the wheat proteins specifically, wheat gluten, glutenin and gliadin were dissolved using various solvents and reducing agents.
- Wheat gluten and glutenin were dissolved using a urea solution with three percent sodium sulfite to form a twenty percent solution.
- the solution was aged for twenty-four hours and fibers extruded using a syringe and needle. Fibers were extruded into a coagulation bath including ten percent sodium sulfate and ten percent sulfuric acid in equal proportions. The fibers were allowed to stay in the coagulation bath for fifteen minutes and were later dried under ambient conditions.
- Fibers obtained under these conditions had deniers of about two hundred and seventy, strength of 0.14 to 0.23 grams per denier and an elongation of 1.5 to three percent.
- Gliadin purified form wheat gluten was dissolved using aqueous alcohol.
- a twenty five percent gliadin solution was prepared using a seventy percent alcohol solution.
- the gliadin solution was aged for about 15 hours and later extruded in air.
- Gliadin fibers obtained had strength of about 0.75 grams per denier and an elongation of eight percent.
- Example 2 Adding plasticizers. Plasticizers such as glycerol were added into the wheat gluten solution and fibers were extruded. Adding the plasticizers increased the viscosity of the solution and fine fibers were produced. Fibers of seventy deniers with strength of 0.3 grams per denier and elongation of 1.5 to three percent were obtained.
- Example 3 Effect of drawing. Fibers obtained from Examples 1 and 2 were dipped in water and then stretched by hand to about two hundred to three hundred percent of their original length. The fibers were dried in tension to retain the extended length. The drawn fibers had increased fineness by about two hundred percent, strength of about one hundred percent and elongation by about three hundred to five hundred percent compared to the corresponding undrawn fibers.
- Example 4 Studying the effect of concentration of wheat gluten.
- Various concentrations of wheat gluten were prepared to study the effect of wheat gluten concentration on fiber properties. The solutions were aged for thirty-two hours at a temperature of twenty degrees Celsius.
- FIG. 2 shows the effect of increasing wheat gluten concentration on the strength of the fibers. As seen from the figure, increasing the concentration of wheat gluten increases the strength of the fibers up to thirty percent and the strength decreases upon further increase in concentration. A concentration of thirty percent was found to be optimum for obtaining fibers with high strength.
- Example 5 Studying the effect of aging time.
- the aging time of the wheat gluten solution was varied from twenty-four to thirty-six hours to obtain a spinnable solution that could provide fibers with the highest possible strength.
- the effect of aging time on the strength of the fibers is shown in FIG. 3.
- an aging time of thirty hours provides fibers with the highest strength.
- Example 6 Studying the effect of aging temperature. Three temperatures, ten, twenty, and thirty degrees Celsius were used to study the effect of temperature on the spinnability of the wheat gluten solutions and the strength of wheat gluten fibers. The results of the temperature study are shown in FIG. 4. As illustrated in FIG. 4, a temperature of twenty degrees Celsius provides fibers with the best strength.
- Example 7 Producing fibers from glutenin andgliadin.
- the two major components of wheat gluten, glutenin and gliadin were separated and fibers produced from each of the individual components.
- Gliadin fibers were produced by dissolving gliadin in alcohol and glutenin fibers were produced using urea as a solvent.
- Gliadin fibers produced had strength of 0.75 grams per denier and an elongation of 8.6 percent.
- fibers produced from glutenin had strength of 0.6 grams per denier and an elongation of eighteen percent.
- Example 8 Crosslinking using poly(carboxylic acids). Wheat gluten fibers were crosslinked using butanetetracarboxylic acid (BTCA).
- BTCA butanetetracarboxylic acid
- a three percent BTCA solution with sodium hypophosphite as a catalyst was used for crosslinking. Fibers were allowed to stay in the crosslinking solution for thirty minutes and were later dried and cured. Fibers were cured at a temperature of one hundred and seventy degrees Celsius for three minutes.
- the BTCA crosslinked fibers were of forty-two denier with strength of 0.60 grams per denier and an elongation of thirty-two percent.
- Example 9 Crosslinking with gluteraldehyde.
- Wheat gluten fibers were crosslinked using gluteraldehyde at varying temperatures and pH's.
- about 0.02 grams of wheat gluten fibers were dipped in 6.5 ml of twenty-five percent of gluteraldehyde solution.
- the pH of the solution was adjusted to 5.1 using a buffer.
- the fibers in the solution were allowed to react at fifty degrees Celsius for forty-five minutes in an oven.
- the crosslinked fibers were removed from the solution and redipped in a solution containing 3ml of twenty-five percent gluteraldehyde and allowed to stay in this solution for about thirty minutes at ambient temperature.
- the crosslinked fibers were then drawn by hand to about 100 to 200% of their original length.
- the drawn fibers were dried in a oven at eighty-five degrees Celsius for one hundred and twenty minutes and were later conditioned at twenty-one degrees Celsius and sixty five percent relative humidity (RH) for twenty-four hours before testing for the fiber properties.
- RH percent relative humidity
- Example 10 Crosslinking using a single enzyme.
- Three types of enzymes, peroxidase, glucose oxidase and Tgase were used for crosslinking wheat gluten fibers.
- Crosslinking conditions such as the concentration of enzymes used, time and temperature of treatment were varied to obtain fibers with the highest possible strength and elongation without affecting other fiber properties.
- Either single enzymes or a combination of two or more enzymes was used to crosslink the fibers, hi a typical example of crosslinking using a single enzyme, about 0.3 grams of anhydrous glucose and 0.08 grams of glucose oxidase or Tgase was dissolved in 20 ml of water and the pH of the solution was adjusted to 5.1.
- Example 11 Crosslinking using multiple enzymes.
- Single enzymes i.e. glucose oxidase and Tgase used to crosslink wheat gluten did not improve the properties of the wheat gluten fibers to the required extent. It was desired to have wheat gluten fibers with strengths higher than 1 gram per denier. To achieve higher strength, a combination of enzymes was used. After the initial treatment with a single enzyme as described in example 10, the fibers were retreated with 0.5g of Tgase in 15mL of water for 2 hours at 45 0 C. The fibers were later dried at 85 0 C for 2 hours. The changes in the properties of the fibers when a combination of enzymes was used are given in Table 3 below.
- FIGS. 5 and 8 examples of the morphological and physical structure of the fibers produced by the aforementioned methods are provided.
- FIGS. 5 and 6 show the longitudinal and cross-sectional view of a wheat gluten fiber, respectively obtained using scanning electron microscopes.
- Wheat gluten fiber has a smooth surface and a solid cross-section as seen from FIGS. 5 and 6, respectively.
- the physical structure of the wheat gluten fibers was studied using X-ray diffraction in terms of the percent crystallinity and orientation of the protein crystals in the fibers.
- FIG. 7 shows a picture of the diffraction pattern of wheat gluten, wheat gluten fibers in comparison to wool.
- wheat gluten fibers have the lowest percent crystallinity compared to gluten and wool.
- the fiber forming process may have hydrolyzed the wheat proteins leading to fibers with lower percent crystallinity.
- the wheat gluten fibers also have poor orientation as demonstrated by the weak and broad diffracting arcs in FIG. 8. Based on the diffraction presented in FIG. 7, wheat gluten fibers have a crystallinity of about twenty percent compared to thirty-five percent for the gluten powder and about twenty-five percent for wool.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Textile Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
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- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Artificial Filaments (AREA)
- Nonwoven Fabrics (AREA)
Abstract
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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CA002612074A CA2612074A1 (fr) | 2005-06-17 | 2006-05-25 | Procede de production de fibres haute qualite a partir de proteines de ble ainsi que produits fabriques a partir de fibres de proteines de ble |
EP06771284A EP1896650A4 (fr) | 2005-06-17 | 2006-05-25 | Procede de production de fibres haute qualite a partir de proteines de ble ainsi que produits fabriques a partir de fibres de proteines de ble |
AU2006259799A AU2006259799A1 (en) | 2005-06-17 | 2006-05-25 | Process for the production of high quality fibers from wheat proteins and products made from wheat protein fibers |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
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US69181605P | 2005-06-17 | 2005-06-17 | |
US60/691,816 | 2005-06-17 |
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WO2006138039A2 true WO2006138039A2 (fr) | 2006-12-28 |
WO2006138039A3 WO2006138039A3 (fr) | 2007-11-01 |
Family
ID=37570942
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PCT/US2006/020430 WO2006138039A2 (fr) | 2005-06-17 | 2006-05-25 | Procede de production de fibres haute qualite a partir de proteines de ble ainsi que produits fabriques a partir de fibres de proteines de ble |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
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US (1) | US20060282958A1 (fr) |
EP (1) | EP1896650A4 (fr) |
AU (1) | AU2006259799A1 (fr) |
CA (1) | CA2612074A1 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2006138039A2 (fr) |
Cited By (5)
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EP2213785A1 (fr) * | 2007-11-19 | 2010-08-04 | Ajinomoto Co., Inc. | Fibre traitée et son procédé de fabrication |
WO2012079760A1 (fr) * | 2010-12-15 | 2012-06-21 | Anke Domaske | Procédé de fabrication de fibres de protéine de lait et produits à base de fibres de protéine de lait obtenus par ce procédé |
CN104018244A (zh) * | 2014-05-30 | 2014-09-03 | 江南大学 | 一种酶处理结合静电纺制备新型复合蛋白纤维的方法 |
US9034412B2 (en) | 2007-04-13 | 2015-05-19 | Archer-Daniels-Midland Company | Wheat protein and methods of production |
US9723859B2 (en) | 2014-10-03 | 2017-08-08 | Erie Foods International, Inc. | Method for producing a high protein food |
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CN106023790A (zh) * | 2007-01-12 | 2016-10-12 | 艾利丹尼森公司 | 标签及相关方法 |
AU2012310322A1 (en) * | 2011-08-19 | 2014-04-03 | Farmcorp Wools Limited | Fibrous protein processing method |
CN103352296A (zh) * | 2013-06-27 | 2013-10-16 | 山东万泰创业投资有限公司 | 含有小麦蛋白纤维的多功能混纺面料及其制备方法 |
CN104532380B (zh) * | 2014-12-30 | 2016-06-01 | 江南大学 | 一种高强度小麦蛋白纤维的制备方法 |
CN109868522A (zh) * | 2019-03-15 | 2019-06-11 | 江南大学 | 一种制备性能改善的谷朊蛋白纤维的方法 |
CN112646194B (zh) * | 2020-12-17 | 2022-05-13 | 宜宾惠美纤维新材料股份有限公司 | 一种纤维复合用藜麦蛋白液及藜麦蛋白纤维的制备方法 |
CN112899803B (zh) * | 2021-02-23 | 2022-03-11 | 江南大学 | 一种面筋蛋白纤维的制备方法 |
CN117966297B (zh) * | 2024-01-29 | 2024-09-24 | 北京工商大学 | 一种利用微流控纺丝技术制备植物蛋白纤维的方法 |
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- 2006-05-25 CA CA002612074A patent/CA2612074A1/fr not_active Abandoned
- 2006-05-25 EP EP06771284A patent/EP1896650A4/fr not_active Withdrawn
- 2006-05-25 AU AU2006259799A patent/AU2006259799A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2006-05-25 WO PCT/US2006/020430 patent/WO2006138039A2/fr active Application Filing
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Cited By (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US9034412B2 (en) | 2007-04-13 | 2015-05-19 | Archer-Daniels-Midland Company | Wheat protein and methods of production |
EP2213785A1 (fr) * | 2007-11-19 | 2010-08-04 | Ajinomoto Co., Inc. | Fibre traitée et son procédé de fabrication |
JPWO2009066785A1 (ja) * | 2007-11-19 | 2011-04-07 | 味の素株式会社 | 繊維加工物及びその製造法 |
EP2213785A4 (fr) * | 2007-11-19 | 2013-01-09 | Ajinomoto Kk | Fibre traitée et son procédé de fabrication |
WO2012079760A1 (fr) * | 2010-12-15 | 2012-06-21 | Anke Domaske | Procédé de fabrication de fibres de protéine de lait et produits à base de fibres de protéine de lait obtenus par ce procédé |
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CN104018244A (zh) * | 2014-05-30 | 2014-09-03 | 江南大学 | 一种酶处理结合静电纺制备新型复合蛋白纤维的方法 |
US9723859B2 (en) | 2014-10-03 | 2017-08-08 | Erie Foods International, Inc. | Method for producing a high protein food |
US11696590B2 (en) | 2014-10-03 | 2023-07-11 | Erie Group International, Inc. | Method for producing a high protein food |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CA2612074A1 (fr) | 2006-12-28 |
WO2006138039A3 (fr) | 2007-11-01 |
US20060282958A1 (en) | 2006-12-21 |
AU2006259799A2 (en) | 2008-12-18 |
EP1896650A2 (fr) | 2008-03-12 |
AU2006259799A1 (en) | 2006-12-28 |
EP1896650A4 (fr) | 2010-01-06 |
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