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WO2006123389A1 - Electrolytic capacitor with gas-sorbing compound - Google Patents

Electrolytic capacitor with gas-sorbing compound Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2006123389A1
WO2006123389A1 PCT/IT2006/000349 IT2006000349W WO2006123389A1 WO 2006123389 A1 WO2006123389 A1 WO 2006123389A1 IT 2006000349 W IT2006000349 W IT 2006000349W WO 2006123389 A1 WO2006123389 A1 WO 2006123389A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
capacitor according
previous
getter
organic compound
compound
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/IT2006/000349
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Marco Amiotti
Luca Toia
Original Assignee
Saes Getters S.P.A.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Saes Getters S.P.A. filed Critical Saes Getters S.P.A.
Publication of WO2006123389A1 publication Critical patent/WO2006123389A1/en

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Classifications

    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01GCAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
    • H01G9/00Electrolytic capacitors, rectifiers, detectors, switching devices, light-sensitive or temperature-sensitive devices; Processes of their manufacture
    • H01G9/004Details
    • H01G9/022Electrolytes; Absorbents
    • H01G9/035Liquid electrolytes, e.g. impregnating materials
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01GCAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
    • H01G11/00Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
    • H01G11/22Electrodes
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01GCAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
    • H01G9/00Electrolytic capacitors, rectifiers, detectors, switching devices, light-sensitive or temperature-sensitive devices; Processes of their manufacture
    • H01G9/145Liquid electrolytic capacitors
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2300/00Electrolytes
    • H01M2300/0017Non-aqueous electrolytes
    • H01M2300/0025Organic electrolyte

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an electrolytic capacitor comprising a compound that can sorb the gases generated during the functioning of the capacitor.
  • the known electrolytic capacitors e.g. EDLC (Electrochemical Double Layer
  • Capacitor supercapacitors comprise a dielectric formed of one or more sheets impregnated with particular electrolytic solutions. In operation, these solutions can generate gases that may damage the capacitors, even irreparably, due to pressure build-up; the gases that are most commonly generated by functioning of capacitors are carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), water vapor (H 2 O) and, particularly, hydrogen (H 2 ).
  • CO 2 carbon dioxide
  • H 2 O water vapor
  • H 2 hydrogen
  • JP 03-292712 describes an additive including a particulate made of platinum, palladium or alloys thereof, which can sorb hydrogen and is applied onto the sheets after they have been impregnated with the electrolytic solution.
  • these sheets may have a very small thickness, in particular less than 10 ⁇ m, so that they may be damaged by particles contained in such a particulate due to the relatively large diameter thereof, e.g. about 10 ⁇ m, with the consequent risk of accidental short-circuits within the capacitor.
  • the organic compounds capable of sorbing gas molecules will also be referred to as getter compounds.
  • getter compounds can be dissolved in the solvent of electrolytic solutions for capacitors, so as to sorb the gases generated in these capacitors without dispersing harmful particles and thus without the risk of damaging the capacitor.
  • the getter compound can advantageously be dissolved in the electrolytic solution before this is used to impregnate the sheets working as dielectric.
  • the getter compound preferably includes an unsaturated organic compound.
  • These particular getter compounds do not require activation, do not generate water during the sorption of hydrogen, have a high sorbing capacity and speed as well as low manufacturing cost, thus being particularly suitable for use as additives for electrolytic capacitors.
  • it has been found that such getter compounds do not significantly alter the electric features of the capacitor wherein it is used.
  • the getter compound is used in obination with a hydrogenation catalyst.
  • unsaturated hydrogen getter compounds useful in the present invention are the compounds described in the PCT patent application WO 01/68516, having the general formula A or A' :
  • R 1 , R 2 and R 3 are hydrogen or hydrocarbon moieties optionally comprising one or more heteroatoms and wherein at least one among R 1 , R 2 and R 3 is chosen in the group formed by alkenil, alkynil, arylalkenil, arylalkynil moieties, possibly comprising one or more heteroatoms.
  • the three substituents R 1 , R 2 and R 3 may all be different from hydrogen and may each one show more than one unsaturated bond, so as to maximize the amount of hydrogen irreversibly sorbed per gram of substance. Furthermore, according to a particular embodiment of the present invention, the substituents R 1 , R 2 and R 3 comprise at least one heteroatom, chosen among N, O 3 and S and directly bonded to the triazine ring. In order to allow a simplified synthesis of the getter compound of general formula A or A', the three substituents R 1 , R 2 and R 3 are preferably equal to each other.
  • Compound a has the name IUPAC 2,4,6-tris-(E-3-phenyl-prop-2-enyl-l-oxy)-
  • compound b has the name IUPAC 2,4,6-tris-(4-methoxy-but-2-ynyl-l-oxy)-l,3,5-triazine and molecular weight 375.38 g/mol.
  • the catalyst to be used along with the getter compound can be any catalyst known in the art for hydrogenation reactions, such as transition metals belonging to Group VIII of the periodic table or salts and complexes thereof; these latter are preferred due to their solubility in the electrolytic solutions of the capacitors. It is also possible to use these metals in supported form, preferably in this case holding the catalyst inside the capacitor in an inner space in fluid communication with the solution but in such a way as to avoid physical contact between the particles of the support and the sheets making up the dielectric, in order to avoid the possible damages referred to above.
  • palladium supported on alumina or on coal are preferably used, that may be kept separated from the sheets keeping the catalyst in a chamber having at least a portion of its surface permeable to the solution (and of course to hydrogen) but capable of retaining particulate solids; this may be obtained, e.g., by using a porous septum.
  • the amount of palladium is in any case comprised between 0.1% and 10% by weight of the unsaturated organic compound.
  • the getter compound may be a cyclic anhydride.
  • CO 2 or H 2 O getters do not generally require a catalyst, because the chemical reaction giving rise to the absorption of the gas takes place instantaneously when the gas molecule reaches the getter compound.
  • Mixtures of the getter compunds described above may be employed, to take care of the possible release of different gases inside electrolytic capacitors.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • Polyoxymethylene Polymers And Polymers With Carbon-To-Carbon Bonds (AREA)
  • Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)

Abstract

A capacitor comprising at least one electrolytic solution, characterized by including at least a getter compound which can be dissolved in the electrolytic solution. In particular, such a getter compound is a hydrogen getter, preferably used in combination with a hydrogenation catalyst.

Description

"ELECTROLYTIC CAPACITOR WITH GAS-SORBING COMPOUND"
The present invention relates to an electrolytic capacitor comprising a compound that can sorb the gases generated during the functioning of the capacitor. The known electrolytic capacitors, e.g. EDLC (Electrochemical Double Layer
Capacitor) supercapacitors, comprise a dielectric formed of one or more sheets impregnated with particular electrolytic solutions. In operation, these solutions can generate gases that may damage the capacitors, even irreparably, due to pressure build-up; the gases that are most commonly generated by functioning of capacitors are carbon dioxide (CO2), water vapor (H2O) and, particularly, hydrogen (H2).
In order to overcome the problems in case of hydrogen, JP 03-292712 describes an additive including a particulate made of platinum, palladium or alloys thereof, which can sorb hydrogen and is applied onto the sheets after they have been impregnated with the electrolytic solution. However, these sheets may have a very small thickness, in particular less than 10 μm, so that they may be damaged by particles contained in such a particulate due to the relatively large diameter thereof, e.g. about 10 μm, with the consequent risk of accidental short-circuits within the capacitor.
Object of the present invention is thus to provide a capacitor being free from such a drawback. Said object is achieved by a capacitor comprising a dielectric formed of one or more sheets impregnated with at least an electrolytic solution, characterized by including at least an organic compound capable of sorbing gas molecules and being soluble in said electrolytic solution.
In the following, the organic compounds capable of sorbing gas molecules will also be referred to as getter compounds.
It has been found that some particular getter compounds can be dissolved in the solvent of electrolytic solutions for capacitors, so as to sorb the gases generated in these capacitors without dispersing harmful particles and thus without the risk of damaging the capacitor. In order to simplify the capacitor manufacturing, the getter compound can advantageously be dissolved in the electrolytic solution before this is used to impregnate the sheets working as dielectric.
Further advantages and characteristics of the additive according to the present invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art from the following detailed and not limiting description of some embodiments thereof. In order to sorb hydrogen, the getter compound preferably includes an unsaturated organic compound. These particular getter compounds do not require activation, do not generate water during the sorption of hydrogen, have a high sorbing capacity and speed as well as low manufacturing cost, thus being particularly suitable for use as additives for electrolytic capacitors. In addition, it has been found that such getter compounds do not significantly alter the electric features of the capacitor wherein it is used. Preferably, the getter compound is used in obination with a hydrogenation catalyst.
An example of unsaturated hydrogen getter compounds useful in the present invention are the compounds described in the PCT patent application WO 01/68516, having the general formula A or A' :
R1
Figure imgf000003_0001
A A1 wherein R1, R2 and R3 are hydrogen or hydrocarbon moieties optionally comprising one or more heteroatoms and wherein at least one among R1, R2 and R3 is chosen in the group formed by alkenil, alkynil, arylalkenil, arylalkynil moieties, possibly comprising one or more heteroatoms.
The getter compound useful for the invention can also be a dimer or a polymer of the compound having general formula A or A', as well as a copolymer wherein one of the structural units has the general formula A or A'.
The three substituents R1, R2 and R3 may all be different from hydrogen and may each one show more than one unsaturated bond, so as to maximize the amount of hydrogen irreversibly sorbed per gram of substance. Furthermore, according to a particular embodiment of the present invention, the substituents R1, R2 and R3 comprise at least one heteroatom, chosen among N, O3 and S and directly bonded to the triazine ring. In order to allow a simplified synthesis of the getter compound of general formula A or A', the three substituents R1, R2 and R3 are preferably equal to each other.
The two following compounds, both having general formula A and being described in detail in PCT patent application WO 01/68516, can be employed as getter compounds in the present invention:
Figure imgf000004_0001
a
Figure imgf000004_0002
Compound a has the name IUPAC 2,4,6-tris-(E-3-phenyl-prop-2-enyl-l-oxy)-
1,3,5-triazine and molecular weight 477.56 g/mol, while compound b has the name IUPAC 2,4,6-tris-(4-methoxy-but-2-ynyl-l-oxy)-l,3,5-triazine and molecular weight 375.38 g/mol.
The catalyst to be used along with the getter compound can be any catalyst known in the art for hydrogenation reactions, such as transition metals belonging to Group VIII of the periodic table or salts and complexes thereof; these latter are preferred due to their solubility in the electrolytic solutions of the capacitors. It is also possible to use these metals in supported form, preferably in this case holding the catalyst inside the capacitor in an inner space in fluid communication with the solution but in such a way as to avoid physical contact between the particles of the support and the sheets making up the dielectric, in order to avoid the possible damages referred to above. In this latter case, palladium supported on alumina or on coal are preferably used, that may be kept separated from the sheets keeping the catalyst in a chamber having at least a portion of its surface permeable to the solution (and of course to hydrogen) but capable of retaining particulate solids; this may be obtained, e.g., by using a porous septum. The amount of palladium is in any case comprised between 0.1% and 10% by weight of the unsaturated organic compound.
In case the sorption of CO2 is needed, a suitable getter compound may be naphthol and/or guanidine.
In case the sorption of H2O is needed, the getter compound may be a cyclic anhydride.
CO2 or H2O getters do not generally require a catalyst, because the chemical reaction giving rise to the absorption of the gas takes place instantaneously when the gas molecule reaches the getter compound.
Mixtures of the getter compunds described above may be employed, to take care of the possible release of different gases inside electrolytic capacitors.
The amount and the composition of the getter compound (or compounds) to be used can be determined according to the amount and to the type of gas that can be generated in the electrolytic capacitor; these data can be obtained by orientative tests carried out on capacitors without getter compounds.
Further variations and/or additions may be made by those skilled in the art to the hereinabove described and illustrated embodiments of the invention while remaining within the scope of the same invention.

Claims

1. A capacitor comprising a dielectric formed of one or more sheets impregnated with at least an electrolytic solution, characterized by including at least an organic compound capable of sorbing gas molecules and being soluble in said electrolytic solution.
2. A capacitor according to the previous claim, characterized in that such an organic compound comprises a hydrogen getter compound.
3. A capacitor according to the previous claim, characterized in that such a hydrogen getter compound comprises an unsaturated compound.
4. A capacitor according to the previous claim, characterized by further comprising a hydrogenation catalyst
5. A capacitor according to the previous claim, characterized in that such an unsaturated compound has the general formula A or A', a dimer or a polymer thereof, or a copolymer wherein one of the structural units has general formula A or A':
R1
Figure imgf000006_0001
A A1 wherein R1, R2 and R3 are hydrogen or hydrocarbon moieties optionally comprising one or more heteroatoms, at least one among R1, R2 and R3 being chosen in the group formed by alkenil, alkynil, arylalkenil, arylalkynil moieties, possibly comprising one or more heteroatoms.
5. A capacitor according to the previous claim, characterized in that R1, R2 and R3 comprise at least one heteroatom chosen among N, O, S, which is directly bonded to the triazine ring.
6. A capacitor according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that R1, R2 and R3 are equal to each other.
7. A capacitor according to the previous claim, characterized in that R , R and R can be represented by the general formula R-(C ≡ C)n-CH2-O, wherein n> 1 and R is a hydrocarbon moiety.
8. A capacitor according to claim 6, characterized in that R1, R2 and R3 can be represented by the general formula R-(C=C)n-CH2-O, wherein n≥ l and R is a hydrocarbon moiety.
9. A capacitor according to claims 3 to 8, characterized in that the hydrogenation catalyst is chosen among metals belonging to Group VIII of the periodic table, salts and complexes thereof.
10. A capacitor according to the previous claim, characterized in that the hydrogenation catalyst is palladium supported on alumina or coal.
11. A capacitor according to claims 9 or 10, characterized in that the amount of palladium is comprised between 0.1% and 10% by weight of the unsaturated compound.
12. A capacitor according to claim 1, characterized by comprising an unsaturated organic compound having formula:
Figure imgf000007_0001
13. A capacitor according to claim 1, characterized by comprising an unsaturated organic compound having formula:
Figure imgf000007_0002
14. A capacitor according to claim 1, characterized in that such an organic compound comprises a getter for carbon dioxide.
15. A capacitor according to the previous claim, characterized by comprising one or more between naphthol and guanidine.
16. A capacitor according to claim 1, characterized in that such an organic compound comprises a getter for water vapor.
17. A capacitor according to the previous claim, characterized by comprising a cyclic anhydride.
PCT/IT2006/000349 2005-05-17 2006-05-10 Electrolytic capacitor with gas-sorbing compound WO2006123389A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
ITMI2005A000904 2005-05-17
IT000904A ITMI20050904A1 (en) 2005-05-17 2005-05-17 ADDITIVE FOR ELECTROLYTIC CONDENSERS

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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7663865B2 (en) 2005-12-06 2010-02-16 Saes Getters S.P.A. Electrolytic capacitors comprising means in the form of a multilayer polymeric sheet for the sorption of harmful substances
US8081417B2 (en) 2006-01-16 2011-12-20 Saes Getters S.P.A. Electrolytic capacitor comprising means for the sorption of harmful substances
WO2019027925A1 (en) * 2017-07-31 2019-02-07 Pellion Technologies Electrochemical cell with getter and method of forming same

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB979024A (en) * 1962-10-15 1965-01-01 Dubilier Condenser Co 1925 Ltd Improvements in or relating to electrolytic capacitors
US3331002A (en) * 1963-10-10 1967-07-11 Cornell Dubilier Electric Sealed capacitor having hydrogen absorbing material therein
US20030052304A1 (en) * 2000-03-15 2003-03-20 Saes Getters S.P.A. Hydrogen getter composition
EP1437749A1 (en) * 2001-09-26 2004-07-14 Rubycon Corporation Electrolyte solution for driving electrolytic capacitor and electrolytic capacitor

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB979024A (en) * 1962-10-15 1965-01-01 Dubilier Condenser Co 1925 Ltd Improvements in or relating to electrolytic capacitors
US3331002A (en) * 1963-10-10 1967-07-11 Cornell Dubilier Electric Sealed capacitor having hydrogen absorbing material therein
US20030052304A1 (en) * 2000-03-15 2003-03-20 Saes Getters S.P.A. Hydrogen getter composition
EP1437749A1 (en) * 2001-09-26 2004-07-14 Rubycon Corporation Electrolyte solution for driving electrolytic capacitor and electrolytic capacitor

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7663865B2 (en) 2005-12-06 2010-02-16 Saes Getters S.P.A. Electrolytic capacitors comprising means in the form of a multilayer polymeric sheet for the sorption of harmful substances
US8081417B2 (en) 2006-01-16 2011-12-20 Saes Getters S.P.A. Electrolytic capacitor comprising means for the sorption of harmful substances
WO2019027925A1 (en) * 2017-07-31 2019-02-07 Pellion Technologies Electrochemical cell with getter and method of forming same

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