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WO2006108892A1 - Analog system for indicating the connection status of a selected subset zd of the electrical loads z parallel-connected to a power supply - Google Patents

Analog system for indicating the connection status of a selected subset zd of the electrical loads z parallel-connected to a power supply Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2006108892A1
WO2006108892A1 PCT/ES2006/000170 ES2006000170W WO2006108892A1 WO 2006108892 A1 WO2006108892 A1 WO 2006108892A1 ES 2006000170 W ES2006000170 W ES 2006000170W WO 2006108892 A1 WO2006108892 A1 WO 2006108892A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
frequency
terminals
voltage
filter
load
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/ES2006/000170
Other languages
Spanish (es)
French (fr)
Inventor
Julio Ricardo Fuchelman Gross
Original Assignee
Julio Ricardo Fuchelman Gross
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Julio Ricardo Fuchelman Gross filed Critical Julio Ricardo Fuchelman Gross
Publication of WO2006108892A1 publication Critical patent/WO2006108892A1/en

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J13/00—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network
    • H02J13/00006—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network characterised by information or instructions transport means between the monitoring, controlling or managing units and monitored, controlled or operated power network element or electrical equipment
    • H02J13/00007—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network characterised by information or instructions transport means between the monitoring, controlling or managing units and monitored, controlled or operated power network element or electrical equipment using the power network as support for the transmission
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for AC mains or AC distribution networks
    • H02J3/12—Circuit arrangements for AC mains or AC distribution networks for adjusting voltage in AC networks by changing a characteristic of the network load
    • H02J3/14—Circuit arrangements for AC mains or AC distribution networks for adjusting voltage in AC networks by changing a characteristic of the network load by switching loads on to, or off from, network, e.g. progressively balanced loading
    • H02J3/144—Demand-response operation of the power transmission or distribution network
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2310/00—The network for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by its spatial reach or by the load
    • H02J2310/50—The network for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by its spatial reach or by the load for selectively controlling the operation of the loads
    • H02J2310/56—The network for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by its spatial reach or by the load for selectively controlling the operation of the loads characterised by the condition upon which the selective controlling is based
    • H02J2310/58—The condition being electrical
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B70/00—Technologies for an efficient end-user side electric power management and consumption
    • Y02B70/30—Systems integrating technologies related to power network operation and communication or information technologies for improving the carbon footprint of the management of residential or tertiary loads, i.e. smart grids as climate change mitigation technology in the buildings sector, including also the last stages of power distribution and the control, monitoring or operating management systems at local level
    • Y02B70/3225—Demand response systems, e.g. load shedding, peak shaving
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y04—INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
    • Y04S—SYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
    • Y04S20/00—Management or operation of end-user stationary applications or the last stages of power distribution; Controlling, monitoring or operating thereof
    • Y04S20/20—End-user application control systems
    • Y04S20/222—Demand response systems, e.g. load shedding, peak shaving
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y04—INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
    • Y04S—SYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
    • Y04S40/00—Systems for electrical power generation, transmission, distribution or end-user application management characterised by the use of communication or information technologies, or communication or information technology specific aspects supporting them
    • Y04S40/12—Systems for electrical power generation, transmission, distribution or end-user application management characterised by the use of communication or information technologies, or communication or information technology specific aspects supporting them characterised by data transport means between the monitoring, controlling or managing units and monitored, controlled or operated electrical equipment
    • Y04S40/121—Systems for electrical power generation, transmission, distribution or end-user application management characterised by the use of communication or information technologies, or communication or information technology specific aspects supporting them characterised by data transport means between the monitoring, controlling or managing units and monitored, controlled or operated electrical equipment using the power network as support for the transmission

Definitions

  • Analog system indicating the connection status of a selected subset Z d of the electrical loads Z connected in parallel to a power supply.
  • the main technical sector associated with the present invention are intelligent buildings, home automation and electrical or electronic circuits with parallel loads.
  • the present invention allows us, in analog form with the help of a sinusoidal voltage source (6) e ⁇ (f ⁇ ) and filters, to divide the connected loads in parallel to a sinusoidal voltage source (I) or 0 (fo) in those that we are interested in detecting (2) Z d and those that we are not interested in detecting (3) Z f , to then determine, previously choosing an acceptable load threshold, if among those we are interested in detecting there are one or more connected than by its consumption or importance we would like to disconnect
  • a sinusoidal voltage source I
  • 0 sinusoidal voltage source
  • the present invention tells us if something has been connected in Z.
  • Auxiliary filters can be passive and the installation is practically
  • each interface is cascaded with an interface with a numerical address, which generally incorporates sensors of the state of charge and actuators, and then interacts, through a communication system and software, with it from a remote unit that can be another interface or a central process unit.
  • a communication system and software with it from a remote unit that can be another interface or a central process unit.
  • each load is associated with a numerical address and connected to a numerical interface that identifies it so that it interacts, using a pulse-modulated carrier, either with a central unit or with the interface of another load.
  • a pulse-modulated carrier either with a central unit or with the interface of another load.
  • These systems report the status of each load that is addressed.
  • Most systems operate in accordance with: a) the X-IO standard that modulates eleven half cycles of the supply voltage with a 120 KHz pulse signal and makes use of a central unit. Supports up to 276 addresses.
  • the main market for this standard is the USA through companies such as Levitón Manufacturing Co, General Electric, C&K Systems, Honeywell, etc.
  • EIB European tnstallation Bus
  • a control bus twisted pair laid in parallel to the power wiring (220V), actuators and sensors, a power supply per line.
  • the information is transmitted by pulses with a speed of 9600 bits / sec.
  • Group addresses are assigned to join the functions of actuators and sensors.
  • the main market for this standard is Europe, in Spain alone there are around 200 registered companies that sell products under this standard, such as ABB Automation Products, Grupo Temper, etc.
  • Other systems that operate with a structure similar to those mentioned in a) and b) would be: Konnex, Lon Works, Cebus, etc.
  • the main problem to solve is to determine at a given time, if in a subset (2) Z ⁇ j of a set of loads (16) Z connected in parallel to a power supply (1) or o (fo) there is one or more connected than by its consumption or importance we may want to disconnect.
  • Figure 1 represents in blocks the simplest form of the present invention.
  • Z are excluded by filters (5)
  • Exclusion means that the voltage (9) U 1 ( ⁇ ) does not depend on Z f .
  • the set Z ⁇ is formed by all the charges of Z that we are interested in detecting, that is, they do not belong to Z f .
  • Z d r be one of the loads of the set Z ⁇ . If we want Z ⁇ of an indication as if it must be cascaded between Zd, r in series with its switch and terminals (12) AB a quadrupole (22) Q to dp, r adapter as indicated in figure 5.
  • the switch (20) SW d , r associated with the load (21) Z ⁇ r , is left permanently connected and switched (21) Zd, r via the switch (24) SW adP , r •
  • the filter (25) F adP , r (l 5 0) behaves like an open circuit and the filter (26) F ad p , r (O, l) behaves like a short circuit
  • the filter (26) F adP; r (O, l) behaves like an open circuit
  • the signal (6) ei (fi) is applied to (2) Z d through the filter (8) F 1 (I 5 O).
  • An intermittent load is considered R-detectable if and only if it behaves in all its states as R-detectable. Intermittent loads that cannot be detected or are included in Z f through filters (5) F f (O 5 I) or are adapted with adapter quadrupoles (22) Q adp and are included in Zd. If we adapt an R-detectable load R 5 we get another R-detectable load R adP
  • I 1 -State-2 that indicates if none or one or more of the loads belonging to Z d are connected but with ⁇ > R eqv > R U; 1 , that is 0 ⁇ P eqv ⁇ P u, i- It corresponds to what we will define as interval (29) I 2 .
  • P eqv Pu, i •
  • P eqv is a useful variable since it is more intuitive for the user to choose P U; 1 than R u31 .
  • the symbol “e” means “belongs to”.
  • the interval (a, b] is open at a and closed at b.
  • the threshold value can be associated with either of the two intervals I 1 or I 2 .
  • Each interval, I 1 or I 2 can in turn be divided into subintervals by choosing new threshold values P U; 2 , P Uj3 , etc.
  • the value of R 1 is set by P U) 1 .
  • the present invention applies to both single-phase and multi-phase systems with neutral in star connection.
  • the multi-phase circuit at the frequency ft is reduced to the single phase by connecting between each phase with the next one of n-1 dipole filters (36) F p (l, 0), which at the frequency f 0 behaves like an open circuit already The fi frequency as a short circuit.
  • n-phase filter (37) Fo, n (O, l) consisting of n + 1 filters (32) FoXO 5 I) each connected to a phase.
  • F O j (O, l) behaves at the frequency f 0 as a short circuit and at the frequency ⁇ ⁇ as an open circuit.
  • the loads (34) that we are not interested in detecting are excluded, at the frequency fl, by interleaving an n-phase filter (31) F ⁇ n (O, l) formed by n + 1 filters (33) F ⁇ i ( Or, l) each connected to a phase.
  • Each filter (33) F f; i (O, l) behaves at the frequency f 0 as a short circuit and at the frequency fi as an open circuit.
  • the proposed solution consists in applying the system of the present invention to each of these subsets of loads as indicated in Figure 8. All systems can work with the same fi frequency or one or more with different frequencies.
  • the device consists of a filter (40) F ⁇ nd (l, O), connected on one side to the terminals
  • One or more second observation points can be connected, figure 11, simply by connecting them to the network in parallel, terminals (12) AB, with the loads Z ⁇ j under study.
  • the number n of parallel charges that make up Za (Z d J, Z d , 2 , ...., Z dn ) can be as large as desired. It is only limited by the maximum current of the source u 0 (f 0 ).
  • Figure 2. Shows the equivalent circuit that the source uo (f o ) sees at the frequency fo.
  • Figure 3 Shows the equivalent circuit that the source e ⁇ (fi) sees at the frequency f ⁇ .
  • Figure 4 It shows how we divide (2) Z d into two subsets: the one formed by the (18) Z d , i that are connected directly to terminals (12) AB through their switches (19) SW d, i and that of (21) Z d, r that are connected to terminals (12) AB through the adapter quadrupoles (22) Qadp, r. Its switches (20) SW d , r are left permanently connected.
  • Figure 5 Shows in detail a quadrupole adapter (22).
  • Figure 6. Shows the extreme values of the intervals (28) I 1 e (29) I 2 .
  • Figure 7 Shows the application of the present invention to a three-phase system with neutral.
  • Figure 8. Shows how the level of discrimination is increased.
  • Figure 9 Shows an additional device for indication only.
  • FIG. 10 Shows a parallel resonant circuit (41), with a resonant frequency of 1 OOKhz. This circuit (41) is used repeatedly in Figure 11.
  • Figure 11 Shows a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
  • This embodiment can be used in a house, office, business, etc.
  • the voltage u ⁇ (fi) is measured between terminals (53) EF using the voltmeter (54).
  • the switch (63) is always connected and the load (62) Z d, r is switched with the switch (57).
  • the loads (56) Z d , ⁇ , which are the ones we do not need to adapt, are connected directly between the terminals (55) AB.
  • the filter (64) F f (O 5 I) makes the voltage between the terminals (53) EF at the fi frequency not dependent on Z f .
  • the load (67) Z f connected between the terminals continues to be seen from terminals (55) AB
  • the additional indication-only device consists of the filter (69) Fj nd ( 10 0) and the voltmeter (70) that measures the voltage between the terminals (7I) IJ which is approximately equal to the voltage between the terminals (53 ) EF. That is, the voltmeter (70) repeats the measurement of the voltmeter (54).

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Measurement Of Current Or Voltage (AREA)

Abstract

An analog system for indicating the connection status of a selected subset Zd of the electrical loads Z parallel-connected to a power supply. The present invention enables the loads parallel-connected to a sinusoidal voltage supply (1)u0(f0) to be divided in an analog manner into those to be detected (2) Zd and those not to be detected (3) Zf using a sinusoidal voltage supply (6)e1(f1) and filters, whereafter it is determined, following prior selection of an acceptable load threshold, whether or not the loads to be detected include one or more connected loads that have a consumption rate or size such that they ought to be disconnected, but without indicating the load in question (if any). No additional cable-laying is required and the power supply line itself is used as the communication medium.

Description

DESCRIPCIÓN DESCRIPTION
Sistema analógico indicador del estado de conexión de un subconjunto seleccionado Zd de las cargas eléctricas Z conectadas en paralelo a una fuente de alimentación. Sector técnico de la invención El principal sector técnico asociado con la presente invención son los edificios inteligentes, la domótica y circuitos eléctricos o electrónicos con cargas en paralelo. El presente invento nos permite, en forma analógica con el auxilio de una fuente de tensión sinusoidal (6)eι(f{) y filtros, dividir las cargas conectadas en paralelo a una fuente de tensión sinusoidal (I)u0(fo) en aquellas que nos interesa detectar (2) Zd y aquellas que no nos interesa detectar (3) Zf, para luego determinar, eligiendo previamente un umbral de carga aceptable, si entre las que nos interesa detectar hay una o más conectadas que por su consumo o importancia nos interesaría desconectar Por ejemplo (en forma simplificada) en una casa (2) Zd podría estar formado por luces, estufas eléctricas, plancha, computador y TV, y (3) Zf por neveras y lavadora. El presente invento nos indica si en Z¿ha quedado algo conectado. Los filtros auxiliares pueden ser pasivos y la instalación es prácticamente Plug & Play. Técnica anteriorAnalog system indicating the connection status of a selected subset Z d of the electrical loads Z connected in parallel to a power supply. Technical sector of the invention The main technical sector associated with the present invention are intelligent buildings, home automation and electrical or electronic circuits with parallel loads. The present invention allows us, in analog form with the help of a sinusoidal voltage source (6) eι (f {) and filters, to divide the connected loads in parallel to a sinusoidal voltage source (I) or 0 (fo) in those that we are interested in detecting (2) Z d and those that we are not interested in detecting (3) Z f , to then determine, previously choosing an acceptable load threshold, if among those we are interested in detecting there are one or more connected than by its consumption or importance we would like to disconnect For example (in simplified form) in a house (2) Z d could be formed by lights, electric stoves, iron, computer and TV, and (3) Z f by refrigerators and washing machine. The present invention tells us if something has been connected in Z. Auxiliary filters can be passive and the installation is practically Plug & Play. Prior art
En la técnica anterior cuando se quiere conocer el estado de conexión de un conjunto seleccionado de cargas eléctricas conectadas en paralelo a una fuente de alimentación se direcciona numéricamente, desde una unidad central remota, cada carga de la cual se quiere saber su estado. Para esto se coloca a cada carga, en cascada, una interfase con una dirección numérica, que generalmente incorpora sensores del estado de carga y actuadores, para luego interactuar, mediante un sistema de comunicación y un software, con ella desde una unidad remota que puede ser otra interfase o una unidad central de procesos. Estos sistemas requieren, en las interfases y en la unidad central, el uso de un software (programas especiales), sensores, actuadores, procesadores digitales, fuentes de alimentación, líneas de información destinadas, etc. A nivel comercial existen en el mercado sistemas, de este tipo, donde a cada carga se le asocia una dirección numérica y se la conecta a una interfase numérica que la identifica para que interactúe, mediante una portadora modulada en pulsos, bien con una unidad central o con la interfase de otra carga. Estos sistemas informan del estado de cada carga que se direcciona. La mayoría de los sistemas funciona conforme a: a)la norma X-IO que modula once semiciclos de la tensión de alimentación con una señal de pulsos de 120 KHz y hace uso de una unidad central. Admite hasta 276 direcciones. El principal mercado de esta norma es USA a través de empresas como Levitón Manufacturing Co, General Electric, C&K Systems, Honeywell, etc. b)el EIB (European tnstallation Bus) que utiliza un bus de control (par trenzado) tendido en paralelo al cableado de alimentación (220V), actuadores y sensores , una fuente de alimentación por línea. En este caso no hay unidad central y la información se transmite por pulsos con una velocidad de 9600 bits/sec. Se asignan direcciones de grupo para unir las funciones de actuadores y sensores. El principal mercado de esta norma es Europa, solo en España hay del orden de 200 empresas registradas que comercializan productos bajo esta norma, como ABB Automation Products, Grupo Temper, etc. Otros sistemas que funcionan con una estructura similar a los mencionados en a) y b) serían: Konnex, Lon Works, Cebus, etc.In the prior art when it is desired to know the connection status of a selected set of electric charges connected in parallel to a power source, each load of which one wants to know its status is addressed numerically, from a remote central unit. For this purpose, each interface is cascaded with an interface with a numerical address, which generally incorporates sensors of the state of charge and actuators, and then interacts, through a communication system and software, with it from a remote unit that can be another interface or a central process unit. These systems require, at the interfaces and in the central unit, the use of software (special programs), sensors, actuators, digital processors, power supplies, intended information lines, etc. On a commercial level, there are systems of this type on the market, where each load is associated with a numerical address and connected to a numerical interface that identifies it so that it interacts, using a pulse-modulated carrier, either with a central unit or with the interface of another load. These systems report the status of each load that is addressed. Most systems operate in accordance with: a) the X-IO standard that modulates eleven half cycles of the supply voltage with a 120 KHz pulse signal and makes use of a central unit. Supports up to 276 addresses. The main market for this standard is the USA through companies such as Levitón Manufacturing Co, General Electric, C&K Systems, Honeywell, etc. b) the EIB (European tnstallation Bus) that uses a control bus (twisted pair) laid in parallel to the power wiring (220V), actuators and sensors, a power supply per line. In this case there is no central unit and the information is transmitted by pulses with a speed of 9600 bits / sec. Group addresses are assigned to join the functions of actuators and sensors. The main market for this standard is Europe, in Spain alone there are around 200 registered companies that sell products under this standard, such as ABB Automation Products, Grupo Temper, etc. Other systems that operate with a structure similar to those mentioned in a) and b) would be: Konnex, Lon Works, Cebus, etc.
Para la desconexión existen en el mercado, aparte de la desconexión manual, temporizadores y detectores de movimiento.For disconnection there are in the market, apart from manual disconnection, timers and motion detectors.
Existen muchas patentes pero todas referidas a sistemas del tipo X-IO o EIB. Por ejemplo las patentes españolas ES2023339, ES2066263 y las patentes USA RE35793, 5696695, 5301122. Problema técnicoThere are many patents but all related to systems of type X-IO or EIB. For example, Spanish patents ES2023339, ES2066263 and US patents RE35793, 5696695, 5301122. Technical problem
El principal problema a resolver consiste en determinar en un momento dado, si en un subconjunto (2) Z<j de un conjunto de cargas (16) Z conectadas en paralelo a una fuente de alimentación (1) uo(fo) hay una o más conectadas que por su consumo o importancia podemos querer desconectar.The main problem to solve is to determine at a given time, if in a subset (2) Z < j of a set of loads (16) Z connected in parallel to a power supply (1) or o (fo) there is one or more connected than by its consumption or importance we may want to disconnect.
La mayoría de las veces no es suficiente la medición de la intensidad de la corriente o del consumo para determinar si en un momento dado hay conectadas cargas que por su importancia o consumo podamos querer desconectar. Por ejemplo si tenemos conectada una carga intermitente de alto consumo que nos interesa detectar y que en el momento de observación está desconectada por la intermitencia podemos suponer observando su consumo que no está conectada. Tampoco podemos discernir, observando el consumo, si tenemos conectada o no una carga de bajo consumo, pero importante por su funcionalidad.Most of the time it is not enough to measure the intensity of the current or consumption to determine if at any given time there are connected loads that due to their importance or consumption we may want to disconnect. For example, if we have connected an intermittent load of high consumption that we are interested in detecting and that at the moment of observation is disconnected by intermittence we can assume observing its consumption that is not connected. Nor can we discern, observing consumption, whether or not we have a connected Low consumption load, but important for its functionality.
Por otro lado cuanto más grande es el número de cargas de las cuales queremos saber y controlar su estado de conexión, mayor es el problema asociado, tanto desde el punto de vista técnico como de la utilización por parte del usuario, ya que delante de cada carga debemos conectar una interfase con sensores, y eventualmente actuadores, líneas dedicadas, fuentes de alimentación, utilizar un software y una unidad central.On the other hand, the larger the number of loads of which we want to know and control their connection status, the greater the associated problem, both from the technical point of view and the use by the user, since in front of each load we must connect an interface with sensors, and eventually actuators, dedicated lines, power supplies, use a software and a central unit.
Esto implica una gran complejidad con un mayor coste asociado, una mayor dificultad de uso y una pérdida de confiabilidad.This implies a great complexity with a greater associated cost, a greater difficulty of use and a loss of reliability.
Solución técnica y explicación de la invención Todas las tensiones a las que nos referimos son alternas sinusoidales y su frecuencia se indica entre paréntesis. Las minúsculas se refieren a valores instantáneos y las mayúsculas a sus respectivos valores eficaces.Technical solution and explanation of the invention All the tensions referred to are alternate sinusoidal and their frequency is indicated in brackets. Lowercase refers to instantaneous values and uppercase to their respective effective values.
La figura 1 representa en bloques la forma más simple de la presente invención.Figure 1 represents in blocks the simplest form of the present invention.
Sea un conjunto de cargas eléctricas (16) Z conectadas en paralelo con una fuente de alimentación de tensión (1) uo(fo) = ^2 U0 senwot y frecuencia £>= wo/2π.Be a set of electrical charges (16) Z connected in parallel with a voltage power supply (1) uo (f o ) = ^ 2 U 0 sinw or t frequency £ > = wo / 2π.
Sea (6) e1(f1)=V2 Etsenwit una fuente de tensión de frecuencia fi = w\/2π.Let (6) e 1 (f 1 ) = V2 E t be a voltage source of frequency fi = w \ / 2π.
Entre uo(fo), bornes (14) LN, y Z se intercala un filtro (4) F0(O5I). Donde F0(O5I) es un filtro que: a) si se aplica entre los bornes (14) LN una tensión ULN (fo) aparece entre los bornes (12) AB una tensión UABÍÍO) = ULNÍÍO) y si se aplica entre los bornes (12)AB una tensión UAB (fi) aparece entre los bornes (14) LN una tensión U^N^) tal que ULN(fi)/UAB(fi)= 0, b) la inserción de Fo(O5I) no altera la carga (16) Z que ve uo(fo).Between u o (f o ), terminals (14) LN, and Z a filter (4) F 0 (O 5 I) is inserted. Where F 0 (O 5 I) is a filter that: a) if a voltage ULN (fo) is applied between terminals (14) LN between terminals (12) AB a voltage UABÍO O ) = ULNÍO O ) and if A voltage UA B (fi) is applied between terminals (12) AB between terminals (14) LN a voltage U ^ N ^) such that ULN (fi) / UAB (fi) = 0, b) the insertion of Fo (O 5 I) does not alter the load (16) Z that sees u or (fo).
Dividimos el conjunto de cargas (16) Z en dos subconjuntos (2) Zd y (3) Zf mediante la intercalación entre ambos de filtros (5) Ff(O5I). Donde Ff(O5I) es un filtro que: a la frecuencia f0 si se aplica entre los bornes (12) AB una tensión UABÍÍO) aparece entre los bornes (13) CD una tensión Ucü(fo) = UAB(ÍO) y a la frecuencia ft si se aplica entre los bornes (12) AB una tensión UAB(ÍI) aparece entre los bornes (13)CD una tensiónWe divide the set of charges (16) Z into two subsets (2) Z d and (3) Z f by interleaving between the two filters (5) F f (O 5 I). Where F f (O 5 I) is a filter that: at frequency f 0 if a voltage UABÍO O is applied between terminals (12) AB) a voltage Ucü (fo) = UAB appears between terminals (13) CD Í O ) and at frequency ft if a voltage UA B (ÍI) is applied between terminals (12) AB between terminals (13) CD a voltage
Ucü(fi) tal que UcD(fi)/
Figure imgf000005_0001
O5 b) la impedancia de carga que ve UABÍÍO) entre los bornes (12) AB de Ff(O5I) es la misma Zf que la conectada entre los bornes (13) CD de Ff(O5I) y la impedancia de carga que ve UAB(ÍI) entre los bornes (12) AB de Ff(O5I) es un circuito abierto.Ucü (fi) such that UcD (fi) /
Figure imgf000005_0001
O 5 b) the load impedance seen UA B II O) between terminals (12) AB Ff (O 5 I) is the same Z f that connected between terminals (13) CD Ff (O 5 I ) and the load impedance seen by U AB (ÍI) between terminals (12) AB of F f (O 5 I) is an open circuit.
A la frecuencia ft se excluyen de (16) Z mediante filtros (5) Ff(O5I) las cargas (3) Zf, conectadas entre los bornes (13) CD, que son aquellas cuyo estado de conexión no nos interesa conocer a pesar de que puedan tener un consumo mayor que un valor de umbral previamente elegido. La exclusión significa hacer que la tensión (9) U1(^) no dependa de Zf. El conjunto Z¿ está formado por todas las cargas de Z que nos interesa detectar, es decir que no pertenecen a Zf.At frequency ft, (16) Z are excluded by filters (5) F f (O 5 I) loads (3) Z f , connected between terminals (13) CD, which are those whose connection status we are not interested in knowing even though they may have a consumption greater than a previously chosen threshold value. Exclusion means that the voltage (9) U 1 (^) does not depend on Z f . The set Z¿ is formed by all the charges of Z that we are interested in detecting, that is, they do not belong to Z f .
Sea (19)Zd,r una de las cargas del conjunto Z¿ . Si queremos que Z^ de una indicación como si
Figure imgf000006_0001
se debe conectar en cascada entre Zd,ren serie con su interruptor y los bornes (12) AB un cuadripolo (22) Qadp,r adaptador como el indicado en la figura 5.Let (19) Z d , r be one of the loads of the set Z¿. If we want Z ^ of an indication as if
Figure imgf000006_0001
it must be cascaded between Zd, r in series with its switch and terminals (12) AB a quadrupole (22) Q to dp, r adapter as indicated in figure 5.
El interruptor (20) SWd,r, asociado a la carga (21) Z^r, se deja permanentemente conectado y se conmuta (21) Zd,r mediante el interruptor (24) SWadP,r • A la frecuencia f0 el filtro (25) FadP,r(l50) se comporta como un circuito abierto y el filtro (26) Fadp,r(O,l) se comporta como un cortocircuito A la frecuencia fi el filtro (25) FadP,r(l,O) se comporta como un cortocircuito y el filtro (26) FadP;r(O,l) se comporta como un circuito abiertoThe switch (20) SW d , r , associated with the load (21) Z ^ r , is left permanently connected and switched (21) Zd, r via the switch (24) SW adP , r • At the frequency f 0 the filter (25) F adP , r (l 5 0) behaves like an open circuit and the filter (26) F ad p , r (O, l) behaves like a short circuit At the frequency fi the filter (25) F adP, r (l, O) behaves like a short circuit and the filter (26) F adP; r (O, l) behaves like an open circuit
En consecuencia la tensión (9) U1(T1) ve una carga igual a (27) Radp,ry la fuente uo(fo) continua viendo la carga (21) Zd>r. Definimos, a efectos del presente invento, que una carga es R-detectable si es resistiva y su valor es menor o igual que Ru>1 = Uo2ZPuJ . Donde U0 es el valor eficaz de la tensión de alimentación (1) uo(fo) y Pu,i es una variable independiente a elegir por el usuario del invento y que representa la potencia que consumiría la resistencia Ru l cuando se le aplica la tensión eficaz U0. Las demás cargas las definimos como No-R- detectables. El conjunto Zd está compuesto por cargas que si son R-detectables, (18)Zd,¡, las incluimos tal como están y si sonNo-R-detectables, (21)Zd,r, las hacemos R- detectables conectándolas a través de un cuadripolo adaptador (22) QadP,r • Zd se selecciona, a la frecuencia fi, por diferencia entre los conjuntos de la totalidad de cargas (16) Z y las que no nos interesa detectar (3) Zf. Es decir Z¿= Z - Z{. La señal (6) ei(fi) se aplica a (2) Zd a través del filtro (8) F1(I5O). Donde F1(I5O) es un filtro que: a) a la frecuencia ft si se aplica entre los bornes (11) EF de F1(I5O) una tensión UEF(ÍI) aparece entre los bornes (12) AB una tensión UAB(ÍI) = UEF(ÍI) y a la frecuencia f0 si se aplica entre los bornes (12) AB una tensión L1 ABCf0) aparece entre los bornes (11) EF una tensión UEF(ÍO) tal que UEFCÍO)/ UEF(fi)= 0, b) a la frecuencia fi la carga que ve U1(Jf1) entre los bornes (11) EF de F1(I5O) es la misma que antes de la inserción de F1(I5O) y a la frecuencia f0 la carga que ve UAB(ÍO) entre los bornes (12) AB de F1(I5O) se comporta como un circuito abierto.Consequently, the voltage (9) U 1 (T 1 ) sees a load equal to (27) R ad p, r and the source u or (f o ) continues to see the load (21) Z d> r . We define, for the purposes of the present invention, that a load is R-detectable if it is resistive and its value is less than or equal to R u> 1 = Uo 2 ZP or J. Where U 0 is the effective value of the supply voltage (1) uo (fo) and P u , i is an independent variable to be chosen by the user of the invention and that represents the power that the resistance R ul would consume when applied the effective voltage U 0 . The other charges are defined as non-R- detectable. The set Zd is composed of loads that if they are R-detectable, (18) Z d, ¡, we include them as they are and if they are Non-R-detectable, (21) Z d , r , we make them R- detectable by connecting them to through an adapter quadrupole (22) Q adP, r • Z d is selected, at the fi frequency, by difference between the sets of all loads (16) Z and those that we are not interested in detecting (3) Z f . That is Z¿ = Z - Z {. The signal (6) ei (fi) is applied to (2) Z d through the filter (8) F 1 (I 5 O). Where F 1 (I 5 O) is a filter that: a) at frequency ft if applied between terminals (11) EF of F 1 (I 5 O) a UEF voltage (ÍI) appears between terminals (12) AB a voltage UA B (ÍI) = U EF (Í I ) and at frequency f 0 if a voltage L 1 AB Cf 0 ) is applied between terminals (12) AB between terminals (11) EF a UEF (Í O ) voltage such as UEFI) / UEF (fi) = 0, b) at the fi frequency the load seen by U 1 (Jf 1 ) between terminals (11) EF of F 1 (I 5 O) is the same as before the insertion of F 1 (I 5 O) and at the frequency f 0 the load seen by UAB (Í O ) between terminals (12) AB of F 1 (I 5 O) behaves like an open circuit.
Una carga intermitente la consideramos R-detectable si y solo si se comporta en todos sus estados como R-detectable. Las cargas intermitentes no detectables o se incluyen en Zf mediante filtros (5) Ff(O5I) o se adaptan con cuadripolos adaptadores (22) Qadpy se incluyen en Zd. Si adaptamos una carga R-detectable R5 obtenemos otra carga R-detectable RadP An intermittent load is considered R-detectable if and only if it behaves in all its states as R-detectable. Intermittent loads that cannot be detected or are included in Z f through filters (5) F f (O 5 I) or are adapted with adapter quadrupoles (22) Q adp and are included in Zd. If we adapt an R-detectable load R 5 we get another R-detectable load R adP
Incluimos en (3) Zf todas las cargas que, R-detectables o no, no nos interesa detectar. Denominamos (17) RsqV = Zeqv (fi) a la impedancia equivalente que presenta el conjunto de cargas Zd entre los bornes (12) AB y a la frecuencia fi después de conectar los cuadripolos adaptadores (22) QadP necesarios para: a)hacer R-detectables las cargas no-R-detectables que deseamos detectar o b)adaptar una carga R-detectable R a otro valor de carga R-detectable RadP.We include in (3) Z f all loads that, R-detectable or not, we are not interested in detecting. We denominate (17) Rsq V = Z eqv (fi) to the equivalent impedance of the set of loads Z d between terminals (12) AB and to the fi frequency after connecting the adapter quadrupoles (22) Q adP necessary for: a ) make R-detectable the non-R-detectable loads we want to detect or b) adapt an R-detectable load R to another R-detectable load value R adP .
Los valores de Peqv~U2 0/Reqvy U1 = eι* Reqv / (R1 + Rgqv) son funciones uno a uno de ReqV , lo cual permite para un ReqV dado medir (9) ui(fi) o (10) ii(fi) y presentar la información en valores de Peqv o de cualquier variable uno a uno con Reqv. Definimos el estado de conexión del conjunto de cargas Zd como una variable discreta con dos valores posibles:The values of Pe q v ~ U 2 0 / R eq v and U 1 = eι * Re qv / (R 1 + Rg qv ) are one-to-one functions of Req V , which allows for a given Req V to measure (9) ui (fi) or (10) ii (fi) and present the information in values of P eqv or of any one-to-one variable with R eqv . We define the connection status of the set of loads Z d as a discrete variable with two possible values:
-Estado- 1 que indica si una o más de las cargas pertenecientes a Zd están conectadas dando lugar a 0<Reqv< RUjl, es decir ∞> PeqV≥ Puj. Se corresponde con lo que definiremos como intervalo (28) I1 -Estado-2 que indica si ninguna o una o más de las cargas pertenecientes a Zd están conectadas pero con ∞>Reqv> RU;1, es decir 0 < Peqv< Pu,i- Se corresponde con lo que definiremos como intervalo (29) I2.-State- 1 that indicates if one or more of the loads belonging to Z d are connected giving rise to 0 <Re qv <R Ujl , that is ∞> P e q V ≥ P u j. It corresponds to what we will define as interval (28) I 1 -State-2 that indicates if none or one or more of the loads belonging to Z d are connected but with ∞> R eqv > R U; 1 , that is 0 < P eqv <P u, i- It corresponds to what we will define as interval (29) I 2 .
La indicación del estado de conexión de Zd se realiza mediante la medición de ui(fi) sobre una escala dividida en dos intervalos, (28) I1 e (29) I2 definidos por valores de ui(fi)/ei(fi), ii(fi), Reqv o Peqv, y separados por un valor de umbral (30) de Peqv = Pu,i • Podemos asociar una indicación luminosa u sonora a cada una de las zonas limitadas por el valores de umbral elegido. Esto lo hace amigable para que lo utilicen personas ciegas o sordas.The indication of the connection status of Z d is made by measuring ui (fi) on a scale divided into two intervals, (28) I 1 and (29) I 2 defined by values of ui (fi) / ei (fi ), ii (fi), Reqv or P eqv , and separated by a threshold value (30) of P eqv = Pu, i • We can associate a light or sound indication to each of the zones limited by the threshold values chosen . This makes it friendly for people to use. blind or deaf
Es decir se indica si mediante sus interruptores asociados (19) SW^i5 una o más (sin indicar cual) de las impedancias (18) Zd,¡, después de adaptar las No R-detectables que pertenecen a Z¿, están conectadas y generan un consumo Peqv mayor o igual que un valor de umbral (30) PU;1 previamente elegido.That is to say, if by means of their associated switches (19) SW ^ i 5 one or more (without indicating which) of the impedances (18) Z d , ¡, after adapting the Non-R-detectable ones that belong to Z¿, are connected and generate a consumption P eqv greater than or equal to a threshold value (30) P U; 1 previously chosen.
Este sistema no informa del estado de conexión de cada carga individual, sino del conjunto (2) Zd=(Z^1, Zd,2, •— ,Zd,n}de las n cargas en paralelo.This system does not report the connection status of each individual load, but of the set (2) Z d = (Z ^ 1 , Z d, 2 , • -, Z d, n } of the n loads in parallel.
La presente invención aporta como solución un sistema analógico que nos dice si el subconjunto de cargas (2) Zd de las cargas eléctricas (16) Z conectadas en paralelo a la fuente de alimentación (1) uo(fo) = V2 Uo senwot, donde previamente hemos adaptado con cuadripolos adaptadores (22) QadP las cargas No-R-detectables que nos interesa detectar, se encuentra en Estado-1 o en Estado-2.The present invention provides as an solution an analog system that tells us if the subset of charges (2) Z d of the electric charges (16) Z connected in parallel to the power supply (1) uo (fo) = V2 Uo senwot, where we have previously adapted with adapter quadrupoles (22) Q to d P the Non-R-detectable loads that we are interested in detecting, it is in State-1 or State-2.
Procedimiento para determinar el estado de conexiónProcedure to determine the connection status
El estado de conexión se obtiene midiendo el valor de (9) U1(I1) o (10) i^fi), asociándolo biunívocamente con Reqv y con Peqv = U2o/ReqV , y determinando a cual de los intervalos, (28) I1 o (29) h, pertenece. Si pertenece a I1 diremos que Zd está enThe connection status is obtained by measuring the value of (9) U 1 (I 1 ) or (10) i ^ fi), associating it biunivocally with R eqv and with P eqv = U 2 or / Req V , and determining to which of the intervals, (28) I 1 or (29) h, belong. If it belongs to I 1 we will say that Zd is in
Estado- 1 y si pertenece a I2 diremos que Zd está en Estado-2.State-1 and if it belongs to I 2 we will say that Z d is in State-2.
Peqv es una variable útil ya que es más intuitivo para el usuario elegir PU;1 que Ru31.P eqv is a useful variable since it is more intuitive for the user to choose P U; 1 than R u31 .
La elección del umbral (30) principal y generación de los intervalos (28) I1 e (29) I2 se realiza eligiendo primero para Peqv un valor PU;1 al cual le corresponde una resistenciaThe choice of the main threshold (30) and generation of the intervals (28) I 1 e (29) I 2 is made by first choosing for P eqv a value P U; 1 to which a resistance corresponds
Reqv - Ru,i = U2o/Pu,i. Ver figura 6.Reqv - Ru, i = U 2 o / P u , i. See figure 6.
Para este valor de RU;1 le hacemos corresponder una posición sobre la escala del voltímetro que mide (9)uχ(fi), es decir un U1(Jf1) / eι (I1) = 1/p con p real y p>l, luego de Ru,i/(Ri+Ru,i) = 1/p y eligiendo p resulta el valor de (7)RÍ. Por ejemplo si p = 2 resulta R1 = R1^1 y la división de los intervalos resultaría en el medio de la escala.For this value of R U; 1 we correspond a position on the scale of the voltmeter that measures (9) uχ (fi), that is a U 1 (Jf 1 ) / eι (I 1 ) = 1 / p with real p and p> l, after Ru, i / (Ri + Ru, i) = 1 / p and choosing p results in the value of (7) R Í . For example, if p = 2, R 1 = R 1 ^ 1 results and the division of the intervals would result in the middle of the scale.
También alternativamente se puede elegir (T)R1 y calcular p.Alternatively you can choose (T) R 1 and calculate p.
De esta forma hemos definido dos intervalos que definen los dos estados de conexión:In this way we have defined two intervals that define the two connection states:
-Intervalo (28) I1 donde u^fO/e^fO e (0,1/p] y Reqv e (0, RU;1] y Peqv e (∞,PU;1] que identifica la zona donde una o más (sin indicar cual) de las impedancias que pertenecen a Zd están conectadas y su consumo conjunto a la frecuencia fo (después de adaptar con cuadripolos adaptadores (22) Qadp) es mayor o igual que P^1. -Intervalo (29) I2 donde ui(fi)/ei(fi) e (l/p,l) y Reqv e (RU)1,∞) y Peqv e (Pu>i , 0) que identifica la zona donde ninguna de las impedancias que pertenecen a Z¿ están conectadas o si una o más están conectadas su consumo conjunto es menor que PUjl.-Interval (28) I 1 where u ^ fO / e ^ fO e (0.1 / p] and R eqv e (0, R U; 1 ] and P eqv e (∞, P U; 1 ] that identifies the zone where one or more (without indicating which) of the impedances belonging to Z d are connected and their consumption together with the frequency fo (after adapting with adapter quadrupoles (22) Q ad p) is greater than or equal to P ^ 1 . -Interval (29) I 2 where ui (fi) / ei (fi) e (l / p, l) and Reqv e (R U) 1 , ∞) and P eqv e (P u> i, 0) that identifies The zone where none of the impedances belonging to Z are connected or if one or more are connected, their combined consumption is less than P Ujl .
El símbolo "e" significa "pertenece a". El intervalo (a,b] es abierto en a y cerrado en b.The symbol "e" means "belongs to". The interval (a, b] is open at a and closed at b.
El valor de umbral se puede asociar a cualquiera de los dos intervalos I1 o I2.The threshold value can be associated with either of the two intervals I 1 or I 2 .
Cada intervalo, I1 o I2 , se pueden a su vez dividir en subintervalos eligiendo nuevos valores de umbral PU;2 , PUj3 , etc. El valor de R1 queda fijado por PU)1 .Each interval, I 1 or I 2 , can in turn be divided into subintervals by choosing new threshold values P U; 2 , P Uj3 , etc. The value of R 1 is set by P U) 1 .
Aplicación a sistemas polifásicos. El presente invento se aplica tanto en sistemas monofásicos como en polifásicos con neutro en conexión estrella.Application to multi-phase systems. The present invention applies to both single-phase and multi-phase systems with neutral in star connection.
La figura 7 muestra la aplicación del presente invento a un circuito trifásico (n=3). En ella (35) representa el conjunto de cargas que nos interesa detectar y (34) las que no nos interesa detectar. El circuito polifásico a la frecuencia ft se reduce al monofásico mediante la conexión entre cada fase con la siguiente de n-1 filtros dipolares (36) Fp(l,0), que a la frecuencia f0 se comportan como un circuito abierto y a la frecuencia fi como un cortocircuito.Figure 7 shows the application of the present invention to a three-phase circuit (n = 3). In it (35) it represents the set of charges that we are interested in detecting and (34) those that we are not interested in detecting. The multi-phase circuit at the frequency ft is reduced to the single phase by connecting between each phase with the next one of n-1 dipole filters (36) F p (l, 0), which at the frequency f 0 behaves like an open circuit already The fi frequency as a short circuit.
La alimentación n-fásica se conecta a través de un filtro n-fásico (37) Fo,n(O,l) formado por n+1 filtros (32) FoXO5I) conectados cada uno a una fase. Cada filtro (32)The n-phase power is connected through an n-phase filter (37) Fo, n (O, l) consisting of n + 1 filters (32) FoXO 5 I) each connected to a phase. Each filter (32)
FOj(O,l) se comporta a la frecuencia f0 como un cortocircuito y a la frecuencia í\ como un circuito abierto.F O j (O, l) behaves at the frequency f 0 as a short circuit and at the frequency í \ as an open circuit.
Las cargas (34) que no nos interesa detectar se excluyen, a la frecuencia fl, mediante la intercalación de un filtro n-fásico (31) Fξn(O,l) formado por n+1 filtros (33) Fζi(O,l) conectados cada uno a una fase. Cada filtro (33) Ff;i(O,l) se comporta a la frecuencia f0 como un cortocircuito y a la frecuencia fi como un circuito abierto.The loads (34) that we are not interested in detecting are excluded, at the frequency fl, by interleaving an n-phase filter (31) Fξ n (O, l) formed by n + 1 filters (33) F ζ i ( Or, l) each connected to a phase. Each filter (33) F f; i (O, l) behaves at the frequency f 0 as a short circuit and at the frequency fi as an open circuit.
Nivel de discriminación n.Level of discrimination n.
El problema se plantea si queremos aumentar el nivel de discriminación, es decir dividir a Zd en p (dos o más) subconjuntos Zdj, Zd,2 , ...., Zd,p , que se completan y se excluyen, e indicar para cada uno de ellos su estado de conexión. La solución propuesta consiste en aplicar a cada uno de estos subconjuntos de cargas el sistema de la presente invención como se indica en la figura 8. Todos los sistemas pueden trabajar con la misma frecuencia fi o uno o más con frecuencias distintas.The problem arises if we want to increase the level of discrimination, that is, to divide Zd into p (two or more) subsets Z d j, Zd, 2 , ...., Z d , p , which are completed and excluded, and indicate for each of them its connection status. The proposed solution consists in applying the system of the present invention to each of these subsets of loads as indicated in Figure 8. All systems can work with the same fi frequency or one or more with different frequencies.
Dispositivo adicional de solo indicación. Figura 9.Additional device for indication only. Figure 9
Se puede disponer de múltiples puntos de información que repiten la indicación de (9)Multiple information points are available that repeat the indication of (9)
El dispositivo consiste en un filtro (40) F¡nd(l,O), conectado por un lado a los bornesThe device consists of a filter (40) F¡ nd (l, O), connected on one side to the terminals
(12) AB y por el otro, entre sus bornes (39) IJ5 un voltímetro o dispositivo indicador(12) AB and on the other, between its terminals (39) IJ 5 a voltmeter or indicating device
(38) V de alta impedancia.(38) V high impedance.
El filtro (40) Find(l,O) es tal que: a) a la frecuencia fi, si se aplica entre los bornes (12)AB de Find(l,0) una tensión ÜAB(fi) aparece entre los bornes (45)IJ de Find(l,O) una tensión Uπ(fi) = UAB(ÍI) y a la frecuencia f0 si se aplica entre los bornes (12)AB de Fjnd(l,O) una tensión UABÍÍO) aparece entre los bornes (39)IJ de Fjnd(l,O) una tensión Uij(f0) tal que Uu(f0)/ Uu(fi) = 0, b) a la frecuencia f! la impedancia que veThe filter (40) Fi nd (l, O) is such that: a) at the fi frequency, if applied between terminals (12) AB of Fi nd (l, 0) a voltage ÜAB (fi) appears between the terminals (45) IJ of Fi nd (l, O) a voltage Uπ (fi) = UA B (ÍI) and at the frequency f 0 if a voltage is applied between terminals (12) AB of Fj nd (l, O) U AB Í O ) appears between terminals (39) IJ of Fj nd (l, O) a voltage Uij (f 0 ) such that Uu (f 0 ) / Uu (fi) = 0, b) at the frequency f ! the impedance he sees
UAB(Í0 entre los bornes (12) AB de F¡nd(l,O) es la misma que la conectada entre los bornes (39)IJ de F¡nd(l ,0), y a la frecuencia f0 la carga que ve UABÍÍO) entre los bornesUA B (Í0 between terminals (12) AB of F¡ nd (l, O) is the same as that connected between terminals (39) IJ of F¡ nd (l, 0), and at frequency f 0 the load seeing U AB ÍÍ O) between terminals
(12) AB de Fjnd(l,O) es un circuito abierto.(12) AB of Fj nd (l, O) is an open circuit.
Para reubicarlo simplemente se lo desenchufa y se lo vuelve a enchufar, siempre en paralelo con los bornes (12) AB de Zd en un nuevo punto de observación.To relocate it, simply unplug it and plug it in again, always in parallel with terminals (12) AB of Z d at a new observation point.
Ventajas de la invención Es mucho más sencillo y económico:Advantages of the invention It is much simpler and cheaper:
-informar a nivel del conjunto Zd de cargas que a nivel individual, Zd;i5 de cada carga.- report at the level of the set Z d of charges that at the individual level, Z d; 5 of each load.
-dar una información discreta como pertenencia a (28) I1 o (29) h, que una información continua.-give discreet information as belonging to (28) I 1 or (29) h, which information continues.
-seleccionar un conjunto de cargas Zd deseleccionando del total Z las cargas Zf que no están en estudio, que seleccionar una a una las cargas de las cuales se desea conocer su estado de conexión.-select a set of loads Z d by deselecting from the total Z the loads Z f that are not under study, than selecting one by one the loads of which you want to know their connection status.
Permite un uso muy sencillo y amigable por parte de todo tipo de personas incluyendo ciegas o sordas. Solo hay que observar, figura 6, una escala dividida en dos zonas principales o unas luces indicadoras o escuchar un sonido y tomar la decisión de desconexión/conexión o dejar el estado de conexión como está.It allows a very simple and friendly use by all kinds of people including blind or deaf. You just have to observe, figure 6, a scale divided into two main areas or indicator lights or listen to a sound and make the disconnection / connection decision or leave the connection state as is.
Permite trabajar en con una única fuente de señal, de medida y control, sinusoidal ei(fi) de frecuencia fi que puede implementarse mediante un oscilador sinusoidal sencillo y económico.It allows to work with a single signal, measurement and control source, sinusoidal ei (fi) of fi frequency that can be implemented by means of a sinusoidal oscillator simple and economical
El trabajar con una tensión sinusoidal permite la realización física de filtros mediante circuitos pasivos muy sencillos, económicos y de alta confiabilidad. También se pueden utilizar filtros activos. No se necesita direccionar cada una de las cargas en estudio. Se aplica una única señalWorking with a sinusoidal voltage allows the physical realization of filters through passive circuits that are very simple, economical and of high reliability. You can also use active filters. It is not necessary to address each of the loads under study. A single signal is applied
U1(Jf1) a la totalidad de las cargas Z y se deseleccionan a la frecuencia fi, de Z, las cargas Zf mediante filtros Ff(O5I).U 1 (Jf 1) to all the loads Z and deselects the frequency fi, Z, Z loads by filters F f f (O 5 I).
No altera el estado de carga Z que ve la alimentación uo(fb).It does not alter the state of charge Z that sees the power supply uo (fb).
No necesita el tendido de líneas adicionales, ya que utiliza la red de la fuente de alimentación uo(fo) para transmitir la señal U1(U1).You do not need to lay additional lines, since you use the power supply network uo (fo) to transmit the U 1 (U 1 ) signal.
La unidad central (15), formada por (6) Qι(f{), (7) Rl y (8) F1(I5O), es fácilmente reubicable, solo desconectarla (desenchufarla) y volverla conectar (enchufar) en la nueva ubicación, en paralelo con los bornes (12) AB de las cargas Z¿ en estudio.The central unit (15), consisting of (6) Qι (f {), (7) Rl and (8) F 1 (I 5 O), is easily relocatable, just disconnect (unplug) and reconnect (plug) in the new location, in parallel with terminals (12) AB of the Z¿ loads under study.
Elimina la necesidad de interfases digitales complejas, direccionamientos numéricos, sensores, actuadores y procesadores digitales.Eliminates the need for complex digital interfaces, digital addresses, sensors, actuators and digital processors.
Se pueden conectar varios sistemas idénticos en el mismo edificio sin que interactúen entre ellos, aún cuando trabajen con la misma frecuencia f\.Several identical systems can be connected in the same building without interacting with each other, even if they work with the same frequency f \ .
Se pueden conectar uno o más segundos puntos de observación, figura 11, simplemente conectándolos a la red en paralelo, bornes (12) AB, con las cargas Z<j en estudio.One or more second observation points can be connected, figure 11, simply by connecting them to the network in parallel, terminals (12) AB, with the loads Z < j under study.
Indica si en un momento dado hay conectadas cargas que nos interesa detectar y la toma de decisiones por parte del usuario de buscarlas y desconectarlas o no.Indicates if at any given time there are connected loads that we are interested in detecting and the decision making by the user to find and disconnect them or not.
El número n de cargas en paralelo que componen Za=(ZdJ, Zd,2, .... ,Zd n) puede ser tan grande como se quiera. Solo está limitado por la corriente máxima de la fuente u0(f0).The number n of parallel charges that make up Za = (Z d J, Z d , 2 , ...., Z dn ) can be as large as desired. It is only limited by the maximum current of the source u 0 (f 0 ).
Descripción de las figurasDescription of the figures
Figura 1. Muestra en bloques la forma más simplificada de la presente invención.Figure 1. Shows in blocks the most simplified form of the present invention.
Figura 2. Muestra el circuito equivalente que ve la fuente uo(fo) a la frecuencia fo. Figura 3. Muestra el circuito equivalente que ve la fuente eχ(fi) a la frecuencia f\.Figure 2. Shows the equivalent circuit that the source uo (f o ) sees at the frequency fo. Figure 3. Shows the equivalent circuit that the source eχ (fi) sees at the frequency f \ .
Figura 4. Muestra como dividimos (2) Zd en dos subconjuntos: el formado por las (18) Zd,i que se conectan directamente a los bornes (12) AB a través de sus interruptores (19) SWd,i y el de las (21) Zd,r que se conectan a los bornes (12) AB a través de los cuadripolos adaptadores (22) Qadp,r. Sus interruptores (20) SWd,rse dejan permanentemente conectados.Figure 4. It shows how we divide (2) Z d into two subsets: the one formed by the (18) Z d , i that are connected directly to terminals (12) AB through their switches (19) SW d, i and that of (21) Z d, r that are connected to terminals (12) AB through the adapter quadrupoles (22) Qadp, r. Its switches (20) SW d , r are left permanently connected.
Figura 5. Muestra en detalle un cuadripolo adaptador (22). Figura 6. Muestra los valores extremos de los intervalos (28) I1 e (29)I2.Figure 5. Shows in detail a quadrupole adapter (22). Figure 6. Shows the extreme values of the intervals (28) I 1 e (29) I 2 .
Figura 7. Muestra la aplicación del presente invento a un sistema trifásico con neutro.Figure 7. Shows the application of the present invention to a three-phase system with neutral.
Figura 8. Muestra como se aumenta el nivel de discriminación.Figure 8. Shows how the level of discrimination is increased.
Figura 9. Muestra un dispositivo adicional de solo indicación.Figure 9. Shows an additional device for indication only.
Figura 10. Muestra un circuito resonante paralelo (41), con frecuencia de resonancia de 1 OOKhz. Este circuito (41) se utiliza en forma repetitiva en la figura 11.Figure 10. Shows a parallel resonant circuit (41), with a resonant frequency of 1 OOKhz. This circuit (41) is used repeatedly in Figure 11.
Figura 11. Muestra un modo preferente de realización del presente invento.Figure 11. Shows a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
Descripción de un modo de realizar la invención.Description of a way of carrying out the invention.
La figura 11 ilustra una configuración preferente monofásica con nivel de discriminación p=l para el presente invento.Figure 11 illustrates a single-phase preferred configuration with discrimination level p = 1 for the present invention.
Este modo de realización puede ser utilizado en una casa, oficina, negocio, etc.This embodiment can be used in a house, office, business, etc.
El circuito resonante paralelo (41), descrito por la figura 10, está formado por la inductancia (43) de 254 μH que resuena con el capacitor (42) de 1OnF a una frecuencia de 1 OOKhz = ft y la (44) R=1Ω representa la resistencia de la bobina y sus conexiones. De esta forma (41) presenta entre los bornes (45) 1-1 ', a frecuencia fo=5OHz una resistencia de aproximadamente 1Ω y a la frecuencia fχ=l OOKhz una resistencia de aproximadamente 25,3KΩ.The parallel resonant circuit (41), described in Figure 10, is formed by the inductance (43) of 254 μH that resonates with the capacitor (42) of 1OnF at a frequency of 1 OOKhz = ft and the (44) R = 1Ω represents the resistance of the coil and its connections. In this way (41) it presents between the terminals (45) 1-1 ', at frequency f o = 5OHz a resistance of approximately 1Ω and at the frequency fχ = l OOKhz a resistance of approximately 25.3KΩ.
La fuente de alimentación externa considerada es (46)uo(fo) = V2 220 senwot y frecuencia fo= wo/2π = 50Hz, se aplica entre los bornes (47) NL. El filtro (48) Fo(O5I) está formado por el circuito resonante paralelo (41) con resonancia a 1 OOKhz = fμThe external power supply considered is (46) uo (fo) = V2 220 senw or t frequency f o = wo / 2π = 50Hz, it is applied between terminals (47) NL. The filter (48) Fo (O 5 I) is formed by the parallel resonant circuit (41) with resonance at 1 OOKhz = fμ
Se eligió una potencia de umbral PU;1 = 50W, por lo que resulta una resistencia de umbral RU;1 = 2202/50 = 968 Ω.A power threshold P was chosen U 1 = 50W, making it a resistance threshold R U 1 = 220 2/50 = 968 Ω.
Si elegimos p = 2 , el umbral (30) se ubica en la mitad de la escala, lo que conduce a (51) R! = Ru,i = 968Ω.If we choose p = 2, the threshold (30) is located in the middle of the scale, which leads to (51) R ! = R u, i = 968Ω.
El generador de tensión (52) e(fi) = V2 1 serώπfit, de frecuencia fi = 1 OOKhz.The voltage generator (52) e (fi) = V2 1 serώπfit, with frequency fi = 1 OOKhz.
La tensión uχ(fi) se mide entre los bornes (53) EF mediante el voltímetro (54). El filtro (50) F1(I3O) está formado por el circuito resonante paralelo (41) y el capacitor (49) C=IOOnF que presenta una reactancia capacitiva Xc(50Hz)=31,8 KΩ y X0(IOOKHz)=Io Ω.The voltage uχ (fi) is measured between terminals (53) EF using the voltmeter (54). The filter (50) F 1 (I 3 O) is formed by the parallel resonant circuit (41) and the capacitor (49) C = IOOnF that has a capacitive reactance X c (50Hz) = 31.8 KΩ and X 0 ( IOOKHz) = Io Ω.
El cuadripolo adaptador (60) Qadp,r, donde elegimos (59) Radp,r = 0,9 RU;1 y el capacitor (58) de 10OnF con Xc(100KHz)=16 Ω y Xc(50Hz)=31,8 KΩ, presenta: a) a la frecuencia Jf1 una carga igual a (59) Radp,r en paralelo con el circuito resonante paralelo (41) que a la frecuencia fi se comporta como una carga de 25,3 KΩ. Es decir presenta aproximadamente (59) Radp,r • b) y a la frecuencia f0 se continúa viendo la carga (62) Z¿¿, ya que el circuito resonante paralelo (41) a frecuencia fo=5OHz se comporta como una resistencia de aproximadamente 1Ω y el capacitor (58) como una carga de 31,8 KΩ.The quadrupole adapter (60) Q a dp, r, where we choose (59) Radp, r = 0.9 R U; 1 and the 10OnF capacitor (58) with X c (100KHz) = 16 Ω and X c (50Hz ) = 31.8 KΩ, presents: a) at the frequency Jf 1 a load equal to (59) R ad p, r in parallel with the parallel resonant circuit (41) that at the fi frequency behaves as a load of 25 , 3 KΩ. In other words, it has approximately (59) R a dp, r • b) and at frequency f 0 the load (62) Z ¿is still seen, since the parallel resonant circuit (41) at frequency fo = 5OHz behaves as a resistance of approximately 1Ω and the capacitor (58) as a load of 31.8 KΩ.
El interruptor (63) permanece siempre conectado y la carga (62) Zd,r se conmuta con el interruptor (57). Las cargas (56) Zd,¡, que son las que no necesitamos adaptar, se conectan directamente entre los bornes (55) AB.The switch (63) is always connected and the load (62) Z d, r is switched with the switch (57). The loads (56) Z d , ¡, which are the ones we do not need to adapt, are connected directly between the terminals (55) AB.
El filtro (64) Ff(O5I) hace que a la frecuencia fi la tensión entre los bornes (53) EF no dependa de Zf. Ff(O3I) está formado por el circuito resonante paralelo (41) con resonancia a lOOKhz = fi y el capacitor (65) C=IOOnF que presenta una reactancia capacitiva Xc(50Hz)=31847 Ω y Xc(100KHz)=16 Ω. Es decir a la frecuencia f0 se continúa viendo desde los bornes (55) AB la carga (67) Zf conectada entre los bornesThe filter (64) F f (O 5 I) makes the voltage between the terminals (53) EF at the fi frequency not dependent on Z f . F f (O 3 I) is formed by the parallel resonant circuit (41) with resonance at lOOKhz = fi and the capacitor (65) C = IOOnF that has a capacitive reactance X c (50Hz) = 31847 Ω and X c (100KHz ) = 16 Ω. In other words, at frequency f 0 , the load (67) Z f connected between the terminals continues to be seen from terminals (55) AB
(66) CD y a la frecuencia fi , desde los bornes (55) AB una carga aproximada de 25,3(66) CD and at the fi frequency, from terminals (55) AB an approximate load of 25.3
KΩ.KΩ
El dispositivo adicional de solo indicación está compuesto por el filtro (69) Fjnd(l50) y el voltímetro (70) que mide la tensión entre los bornes (7I)IJ que es aproximadamente igual a la tensión entre los bornes (53) EF. Es decir el voltímetro (70) repite la medida del voltímetro (54). The additional indication-only device consists of the filter (69) Fj nd ( 10 0) and the voltmeter (70) that measures the voltage between the terminals (7I) IJ which is approximately equal to the voltage between the terminals (53 ) EF. That is, the voltmeter (70) repeats the measurement of the voltmeter (54).

Claims

REINVINDICACIONES REINVINDICATIONS
1. Sistema indicador y controlador del estado de conexión de un subconjunto (2) Za de las cargas eléctricas (16) Z conectadas en paralelo a una fuente de tensión (1) uo =Λ/2Uosenwot y frecuencia fo= wo/t, que comprende: -Un generador de tensión (6) e(fi) = "^2E1 senw^, de frecuencia fi = w^π, y su resistencia serie (7) R1 asociada. Todas las tensiones a las que nos referimos son alternas sinusoidales y su frecuencia se indica entre paréntesis. Las minúsculas se refieren a valores instantáneos y las mayúsculas a sus respectivos valores eficaces. -Un filtro (8) F1(I5O) tal que: a) a la frecuencia fi si se aplica entre los bornes (11) EF de F1(I5O) una tensión UEF (fi) aparece entre los bornes (12)AB de F1(I5O) una tensión UAB(ÍI) ~ UEF(ÍI) y a la frecuencia f0 si se aplica entre los bornes (12) AB de F1(I5O) una tensión UAB(Í)) aparece entre los bornes (11) EF de F1(I5O) una tensión UEF(ÍO) tal que UEFÍÍ))/ UEF(E1)= 0, b) a la frecuencia fi la carga que ve U^f1) entre los bornes (11) EF de F1(I5O) es la misma que antes de la inserción de F1(I5O) ), y a la frecuencia fo la carga que ve UAB(ÍO) entre los bornes (12) AB de F1(I5O) se comporta como un circuito abierto.1. Indicator system and controller of the connection status of a subset (2) Za of the electrical loads (16) Z connected in parallel to a voltage source (1) or o = Λ / 2Uosenwot and frequency f o = w o / t, comprising: -A voltage generator (6) e (fi) = "^ 2E 1 senw ^, of frequency fi = w ^ π, and its associated series resistance (7) R 1. All the voltages to which we mean they are alternate sinusoidal and their frequency is indicated in brackets.The lower case refers to instantaneous values and the capital letters to their respective effective values.- A filter (8) F 1 (I 5 O) such that: a) to the frequency fi if applied between terminals (11) EF F 1 (I 5 O) a voltage U E F (fi) appears between terminals (12) AB F 1 (I 5 O) A UAB (ii) voltage ~ UEF (Í I ) and at frequency f 0 if a voltage UAB (Í) is applied between terminals (12) AB of F 1 (I 5 O) between terminals (11) EF of F 1 (I 5 O ) a voltage UE F (Í O ) such that UE F ÍÍ)) / UE F (E 1 ) = 0, b) at fi frequency the load seen by U ^ f 1 ) between terminals (11) EF of F 1 (I 5 O) is the same as before the insertion of F 1 (I 5 O)), and at the frequency fo the load which sees UA B (Í O ) between terminals (12) AB of F 1 (I 5 O) behaves like an open circuit.
-Filtros (5) Ff(O5I) tal que: a) a la frecuencia f0 si se aplica entre los bornes (12) AB de Ff(O5I) una tensión UAB(ÍO) aparece entre los bornes (13) CD de Ff(O5I) una tensión UcD(fo) = UAB(ÍO) y a la frecuencia fi si se aplica entre los bornes (12)AB de Ff(O5I) una tensión UAB (fi) aparece entre los bornes (13) CD de Ff(O5I) una tensión UCD(ÍI) tal que UCD(ÍÍ)/ UAB(ÍI)= 0, b) a la frecuencia fo la impedancia de carga que ve UABÍÍO) entre los bornes (12) AB de Ff(O5I) es la misma Zf que la conectada entre los bornes (13) CD de Ff(O5I) y a la frecuencia ft la impedancia de carga que ve UAB(ÍI) entre los bornes (12) AB de Ff(O5I) es un circuito abierto. -Un filtro (4) F0(O5I) tal que: a) a la frecuencia f0 si se aplica entre los bornes (14) LN de F0(O5I) una tensión ULN(ÍO) aparece entre los bornes (12) AB de Fo(O5I) una tensión UABÍÍO) = ULN (fo) y a la frecuencia fi si se aplica entre los bornes (12) AB de Fo(O5I) una tensión UAB(ÍI) aparece entre los bornes (14) LN de Fo(O5I) una tensión ULN (fi) tal que ULN (fi)/ UAB(ÍI) = 0, b) la inserción de Fo(O3I) no altera, a la frecuencia f0, la carga ( 16) Z que ve la fuente uo(fo).-Filters (5) F f (O 5 I) such that: a) at the frequency f 0 if applied between terminals (12) AB of Ff (O 5 I) a voltage UAB (Í O ) appears between the terminals (13) CD of F f (O 5 I) a voltage UcD (fo) = UA B (Í O ) and at the fi frequency if a voltage UAB is applied between terminals (12) AB of F f (O 5 I) (fi) a voltage U CD (Í I ) appears between terminals (13) CD of Ff (O 5 I) such that UCD (ÍÍ) / UAB (ÍI) = 0, b) at the frequency fo the load impedance seeing UA B II O) between terminals (12) AB F f (O 5 I) is the same Z f that connected between terminals (13) CD Ff (O 5 I) and the frequency ft impedance of load that sees UA B (ÍI) between terminals (12) AB of F f (O 5 I) is an open circuit. -A filter (4) F 0 (O 5 I) such that: a) at frequency f 0 if a voltage U L N (Í O ) is applied between terminals (14) LN of F 0 (O 5 I) A voltage UABÍO O ) = U L N (fo) appears between terminals (12) AB of Fo (O 5 I) and at the fi frequency if a voltage is applied between terminals (12) AB of Fo (O 5 I) UA B (ÍI) appears between terminals (14) LN of Fo (O 5 I) a voltage U L N (fi) such that U L N (fi) / UAB (ÍI) = 0, b) the insertion of Fo (O 3 I) does not alter, at the frequency f 0 , the load (16) Z seen by the source uo (f o ).
Caracterizado porque el conjunto de cargas eléctricas (16) Z conectadas en paralelo con la fuente de alimentación (1) uo(fo) a través del filtro (4) F0(O5I) se divide mediante filtros (5) Ff(O3I) en dos subconjuntos disjuntos: (2) Zd del cual queremos conocer su estado de conexión y (3) Zf del cual no buscamos conocer su estado de conexión, con Z = Zd U Zf (U=unión)5 haciendo que la tensión (9) U1(Jf1) de frecuencia fl dependa de Zd y no dependa de Zf. El generador de tensión (6) e^fi) y su resistencia serie (7) R1 se conectan a través del filtro (8) F1(I5O), con el subconjunto (2) Z4 Characterized in that the set of electric charges (16) Z connected in parallel with the power supply (1) or (fo) through the filter (4) F 0 (O 5 I) is divided through filters (5) F f (O 3 I) in two disjoint subsets: (2) Z d of which we want to know its connection status and (3) Z f of which we do not seek to know its connection status, with Z = Z d UZ f (U = union) 5 making the voltage (9) U 1 (Jf 1 ) of frequency fl depend on Z d and not depend on Zf. The voltage generator (6) e ^ fi) and its series resistor (7) R 1 are connected through the filter (8) F 1 (I 5 O), with the subset (2) Z 4
2. Sistema conforme a la reivindicación precedente comprendiendo además cuadripolos adaptadores (22) Qadp,r formados por un interruptor (24) SWadP,r , un filtro (25) Fadp,r(l,O) que a la frecuencia f0 se comporta como un circuito abierto y a la frecuencia fi presenta una impedancia cuyo módulo es despreciable frente a (27) Radp,r , un filtro (26) FadP,r(05l) que a la frecuencia f0 se comporta como un cortocircuito y a la frecuencia fi como un circuito abierto.2. System according to the preceding claim further comprising adapter quadrupoles (22) Q to dp, r formed by a switch (24) SW to d P , r, a filter (25) F adp, r (l, O) that a the frequency f 0 behaves like an open circuit and the fi frequency has an impedance whose module is negligible against (27) Radp, r, a filter (26) F adP, r (0 5 l) than at the frequency f 0 It behaves like a short circuit and at the fi frequency as an open circuit.
Caracterizado porque el interruptor (20) SW^, en serie con la carga (21) Zd,r, se deja permanentemente conectado y Zd,r se conmuta mediante el interruptor (24) SWadP,r • Los bornes (12) AB del cuadripolo (22) Qadp,r van conectados a las demás impedancias del conjunto (2) Zd y el otro extremo, bornes (23)G H, a la carga a adaptar (21) Zd,r con su interruptor serie (20) SWd,r asociado. La rama central del cuadripolo adaptador está formada por el filtro (25) Fadp,r(l50) en serie con la resistencia (27) Radp,rY los laterales uno por el interruptor (24) SWadP,ry el otro por el filtro (26) Fadp,r(0,l).Characterized in that the switch (20) SW ^, in series with the load (21) Z d , r , is left permanently connected and Z d, r is switched by the switch (24) SWa dP , r • The terminals (12) AB of the quadrupole (22) Q a dp, r are connected to the other impedances of the assembly (2) Z d and the other end, terminals (23) GH, to the load to be adapted (21) Z d , r with its switch series (20) SWd, r associated. The central branch of the adapter quadrupole is formed by the filter (25) F adp , r (l 5 0) in series with the resistor (27) R ad p, r And the sides one by the switch (24) SW adP , r and the other by the filter (26) F adp, r (0, l).
De esta forma la tensión (9) U1Cf1) ve entre los bornes (11) EF una carga resistiva (27) Radp,r y la fuente (1) uo(f0) continua viendo la carga (21) Zd,r.In this way the voltage (9) U 1 Cf 1 ) sees between the terminals (11) EF a resistive load (27) Radp, r and the source (1) uo (f 0 ) continues to see the load (21) Zd, r .
3. Sistema conforme a cualquier reivindicación precedente comprendiendo además un dispositivo de solo indicación formado por: -Un filtro (40) FM(I5O) que: a) a la frecuencia fi, si se aplica entre los bornes (12)AB de Find(l,0) una tensión UAB (fi) aparece entre los bornes (45)IJ de F¡nd(l50) una tensión Uu(fi) = UAB (fi) y a la frecuencia f0 si se aplica entre los bornes (12) AB de Fmd(l,0) una tensión UAB (fo) aparece entre los bornes (39)IJ de Find(l,0) una tensión Uu (f0) = 0, b) a la frecuencia fi la impedancia que ve UAB(fi) entre los bornes (12) AB de F¡nd(l ,0) es la misma que la conectada entre los bornes (39)IJ de Fjnd(l ,0), y a la frecuencia f0 la carga que ve UAB(ÍO) entre los bornes (12) AB de FM(I5O) es un circuito abierto. -Un voltímetro indicador (38) de alta impedancia.3. System according to any preceding claim further comprising a single indication device consisting of: - A filter (40) FM (I 5 O) that: a) at the fi frequency, if applied between terminals (12) AB of Fi nd (l, 0) a voltage UA B (fi) appears between terminals (45) IJ of F¡ n d (l 5 0) a voltage Uu (fi) = UA B (fi) and at the frequency f 0 if A voltage UA B (fo) is applied between terminals (12) AB of F md (l, 0) between terminals (39) IJ of Fi nd (l, 0) a voltage Uu (f 0 ) = 0, b) at the frequency fi the impedance seen by U AB (fi) between terminals (12) AB of F¡ nd (l, 0) is the same as that connected between terminals (39) IJ of Fjn d (l, 0), and at frequency f 0 the load seen by UA B (Í O ) between terminals (12) AB of FM (I 5 O) is an open circuit. -A high impedance indicator voltmeter (38).
Caracterizado porque el filtro (40) Fjnd(l,O) se conecta por un lado en paralelo con (2) Zd a través de los bornes (12) AB y por el otro, bornes IJ (39), en paralelo con un voltímetro (38) que mide (9) U^f1) indicando el estado de conexión de Zd . La reubicación del dispositivo de solo indicación consiste en desconectarlo y volverlo a conectar, en paralelo con Zd, en su nuevo punto de observación.Characterized in that the filter (40) Fj nd (l, O) is connected on one side in parallel with (2) Z d through terminals (12) AB and on the other, terminals IJ (39), in parallel with a voltmeter (38) measuring (9) U ^ f 1 ) indicating the connection status of Zd. The relocation of the indication-only device consists of disconnecting it and reconnecting it, in parallel with Z d , at its new observation point.
4. Sistema conforme a cualquier reivindicación precedente, donde la alimentación de frecuencia fo es un sistema polifásico (n-fásico) con neutro en conexión estrella y que alimenta el conjunto de cargas (35) que nos interesa detectar y las (34) que no nos interesa detectar, comprendiendo además:4. System according to any preceding claim, wherein the frequency feed fo is a multi-phase (n-phase) system with neutral in star connection and that feeds the set of loads (35) that we are interested in detecting and those (34) that do not We are interested in detecting, also understanding:
-un conjunto de n-1 filtros (36) Fp(l,0) que a la frecuencia íι se comporta como un cortocircuito y a la frecuencia fo como un circuito abierto.-a set of n-1 filters (36) F p (l, 0) that at the frequency íι behaves as a short circuit and at the frequency fo as an open circuit.
-un filtro n-fásico (37) F0;n(0,l) formado por n+l filtros (32) Fo,¡(O,l) conectados cada uno a una fase. Cada filtro (32) F0,i(0,l) se comporta a la frecuencia fo como un cortocircuito y a la frecuencia fι como un circuito abierto.-a n-phase filter (37) F 0; n (0, l) formed by n + l filters (32) Fo , ¡(O, l) each connected to a phase. Each filter (32) F 0, i (0, l) behaves at frequency fo as a short circuit and at frequency fι as an open circuit.
-un filtro n-fásico (31) Ff;11(O,l) formado por n+l filtros (33) Ff;¡(O,l) conectados cada uno a una fase. Cada filtro (33) Ff;¡(0,l) se comporta a la frecuencia fo como un cortocircuito y a la frecuencia fj como un circuito abierto. Caracterizado porque cada filtro Fp(l,0) se conecta entre cada fase con la siguiente para hacer que, a la frecuencia fi, el generador e^ft) vea las n cargas (35) como un circuito paralelo de las mismas. El filtro (37) Fo5n(O5I) se conecta a la entrada de la alimentación n-fásica y su salida se conecta con (35) las n cargas en estudio y en paralelo con el filtro (31) Ff;n(O,l) que está en cascada con (34) las cargas Z^n cuyo estado de conexión no estamos determinando. De esta forma a la frecuencia ft las n cargas (35) en estudio se ven en paralelo, reduciendo el problema n-fásico a monofásico.-an n-phase filter (31) F f; 11 (O, l) formed by n + l filters (33) F f; ¡(O, l) each connected to a phase. Each filter (33) Ff ; ¡(0, l) behaves at frequency f or as a short circuit and at frequency fj as an open circuit. Characterized because each filter F p (l, 0) is connected between each phase with the next one to make the generator e ^ ft) see the n loads (35) as a parallel circuit of them at the fi frequency. The filter (37) Fo 5n (O 5 I) is connected to the n-phase power input and its output is connected with (35) the n loads under study and in parallel with the filter (31) F f; n (Or, l) that is cascaded with (34) the Z ^ n loads whose connection status we are not determining. In this way at frequency ft the n loads (35) under study are seen in parallel, reducing the n-phase to single-phase problem.
5. Sistema, ver figura 8, formado por p sistemas conformes a cualquier reivindicación precedente y caracterizado porque se divide a (2) Zd en p subconjuntos Z¿¿, Z^ , ...., Zd,p que se completan y se excluyen. A cada Zd;P se le conecta un sistema conforme a cualquier reivindicación precedente y todos los p conjuntos se conectan en paralelo con (1) uo(fo) aumentando el nivel de discriminación del estado de conexión ya que cada uno de ellos indica su estado de conexión. Todos los sistemas pueden trabajar con la misma frecuencia Jf1 o uno o más con frecuencias distintas, sin interactuar entre ellos.5. System, see figure 8, formed by p systems conforming to any preceding claim and characterized in that a (2) Z d is divided into p subsets Z¿¿, Z ^, ...., Z d , p that are completed and are excluded. A system according to any preceding claim is connected to each Z d; P and all p sets are connected in parallel with (1) uo (f o ) increasing the level of discrimination of the connection state since each of them indicates Your connection status. All systems can work with the same frequency Jf 1 or one or more with different frequencies, without interacting with each other.
6. Procedimiento aplicable a cualquier reivindicación precedente para determinar el estado de conexión del conjunto de cargas (2) Z¿ y caracterizado porque Diremos que una carga es R-detectable si es resistiva y su valor es menor o igual que6. Procedure applicable to any preceding claim to determine the state of connection of the set of loads (2) Z¿ and characterized in that we will say that a load is R-detectable if it is resistive and its value is less than or equal to
Ru,i = Uo2/PU)i donde U0 es el valor eficaz de la tensión de alimentación uo(fo) y Pu,i es una variable independiente a elegir por el usuario del invento que representa la potencia que consumiría la resistencia Ru>1 cuando se le aplica la tensión Uo. Las demás cargas las consideraremos No-R-detectables. Denominamos (17) Reqv = Zeqv (fi) a la impedancia equivalente que presenta el conjunto de cargas Zd entre los bornes (12) AB, a la frecuencia fi, después de conectar los cuadripolos adaptadores (20) QadP, definidos en la reivindicación 2, necesarios para: a)hacer R-detectables las cargas No-R-detectables que deseamos detectar o b)adaptar una carga detectable R a otro valor de carga detectable RadP. Definimos el estado de conexión del conjunto de cargas Zd como una variable discreta con dos valores posibles:Ru, i = Uo 2 / P U) i where U 0 is the effective value of the supply voltage uo (fo) and P u , i is an independent variable to be chosen by the user of the invention that represents the power that would consume the resistance R u> 1 when the voltage Uo is applied. The other charges will be considered Non-R-detectable. We designate (17) R eqv = Z eqv (fi) to the equivalent impedance presented by the set of loads Z d between terminals (12) AB, at the fi frequency, after connecting the adapter quadrupoles (20) Q adP , defined in claim 2, necessary to: a) make R-detectable the non-R-detectable loads we wish to detect b) adapt a detectable load R to another detectable load value R adP . We define the connection status of the set of loads Z d as a discrete variable with two possible values:
-Estado- 1 que indica si una o más de las cargas pertenecientes a Zd están conectadas dando lugar a 0<ReqV≤ Ru,i5 es decir ∞> Peqv> P^1 . Se corresponde con lo que definiremos como intervalo (28) I1 -Estado-2 que indica si ninguna o una o más de las cargas pertenecientes a Zd están conectadas pero con ∞>Reqv> Ru l , es decir 0 < Peqv < Pu,i- Se corresponde con lo que definiremos como intervalo (29) I2.-State- 1 that indicates if one or more of the loads belonging to Z d are connected giving rise to 0 <Req V ≤ R u , i 5 ie ∞> P eqv > P ^ 1 . It corresponds to what we will define as interval (28) I 1 -State-2 that indicates if none or one or more of the loads belonging to Z d are connected but with ∞> R eqv > R ul , that is 0 <P eqv < P u , i- It corresponds to what we will define as interval (29) I 2 .
La indicación del estado de conexión del conjunto de cargas Zd se determina por el siguiente procedimiento: a) Conectamos el filtro (4) F0(O5I), definido y según lo indicado en la reivindicaciónThe indication of the connection status of the load set Z d is determined by the following procedure: a) We connect the filter (4) F 0 (O 5 I), defined and as indicated in the claim
1. b) Conectamos el filtro (8) F1(I5O), la fuente (6) e^fi) y la resistencia (7) R1 , definidos y según lo indicado en la reivindicación 1. c) Conectamos filtros (5) Ff(O5I)5 definidos y según lo indicado en la reivindicación 1. d) Conectamos los cuadripolos adaptadores (20) Qadp, definidos y según lo indicado en la reivindicación 2, necesarios para: a)hacer R-detectables las cargas No-R- detectables que deseamos detectar o b)adaptar una carga detectable R a otro valor de carga detectable RadP. e) Elección de un umbral (30) principal PUjl al cual le corresponde una resistencia Ru>1 = U2 0/Pu,i. f) A este valor de R^1 le hacemos corresponder una posición sobre la escala, es decir un
Figure imgf000018_0001
= 1/p. Eligiendo p resulta el valor de R1. También alternativamente se puede elegir R1 y resulta p. g) definimos con valores de U1(U1) / ei(fi) , M(Jf1), Reqv o Peqv dos intervalos: -Intervalo (26) I1 formado por todos los valores de U1(Jf1) / ei(fi) pertenecientes al intervalo (0,1/p), en correspondencia con it e (ei(fi)/Ri , ei(fi)/(Ri + Ru>1)) y Reqv e (0, Ru l) y Peqv e (∞,PU {) que identifica la zona donde una o más (sin indicar cual) de las impedancias que pertenecen a Zd están conectadas y su consumo conjunto a la frecuencia fo es mayor o igual que PU;1. I1 se corresponde con el Estado- 1. -Intervalo (27) I2 formado por todos los valores de U1(^) / Qι(f{) pertenecientes al intervalo (l/p,l) > en correspondencia con it e (ei(fi)/(Ri + RU)1), 0) y ReqV e (Ru;1,∞) y Peqv e (PUll , 0) que identifica la zona donde ninguna de las impedancias que pertenecen a Zd están conectadas o si una o más están conectadas su consumo conjunto es menor que PU;1. 12 se corresponde con el Estado-2. El símbolo "e" significa "pertenece a". Los valores de U1(^), ii(fi) y Peqv = U2o/ReqV están en correspondencia biunívoca con Reqv que los determina. h) medición directa de la tensión (9) U1(^) = e1(f1)*Reqv/(R1 + Reqv) o de la corriente (10) ii(fi)=ei(fi)/(Ri + Reqv), para una Zd adaptada dada, e indicación a cual de los dos intervalos, (26) I1 o (27) I2, que determina respectivamente el Estado- 1 o Estado-2 de conexión de Zd. 1. b) We connect the filter (8) F 1 (I 5 O), the source (6) e ^ fi) and the resistance (7) R 1 , defined and as indicated in claim 1. c) We connect filters (5) F f (O 5 I) 5 defined and as indicated in claim 1. d) We connect the adapter quadrupoles (20) Q to dp, defined and as indicated in claim 2, necessary to: a) make R-detectable non-R-detectable loads that we want to detect or b) adapt a detectable load R to another value of detectable load R adP . e) Choice of a main threshold (30) P Ujl which corresponds to a resistance R u> 1 = U 2 0 / Pu, i. f) To this value of R ^ 1 we correspond a position on the scale, that is a
Figure imgf000018_0001
= 1 / p. Choosing p results in the value of R 1 . Alternatively you can choose R 1 and it turns out p. g) we define with values of U 1 (U 1 ) / ei (fi), M (Jf 1 ), Reqv or P eqv two intervals: -Interval (26) I 1 formed by all the values of U 1 (Jf 1 ) / ei (fi) belonging to the interval (0.1 / p), in correspondence with it e (ei (fi) / Ri, ei (fi) / (Ri + R u> 1 )) and Re qv e (0, R ul ) and P eqv e (∞, P U {) that identifies the area where one or more (without indicating which) of the impedances that belong to Z d are connected and their joint consumption at the frequency fo is greater than or equal to P U; 1 . I 1 corresponds to the State- 1. -Interval (27) I 2 formed by all the values of U 1 (^) / Qι (f {) belonging to the interval (l / p, l) > in correspondence with it e (ei (fi) / (Ri + R U) 1 ), 0) and R e q V e (R u; 1 , ∞) and P eqv e (P Ull , 0) that identifies the zone where none of the impedances that belong to Zd are connected or if one or more are connected, their overall consumption is less than P U; 1 . 1 2 corresponds to State-2. The symbol "e" means "belongs to". The values of U 1 (^), ii (fi) and P e qv = U 2 or / Req V are in biunivocal correspondence with R e q v that determines them. h) direct measurement of voltage (9) U 1 (^) = e 1 (f 1 ) * R eqv / (R 1 + R eqv ) or current (10) ii (fi) = ei (fi) / (Ri + Re qv ), for a given adapted Z d , and indication at which of the two intervals, (26) I 1 or (27) I 2 , which respectively determines the State-1 or State-2 of Z connection d .
PCT/ES2006/000170 2005-04-11 2006-04-10 Analog system for indicating the connection status of a selected subset zd of the electrical loads z parallel-connected to a power supply WO2006108892A1 (en)

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