WO2006105769A1 - Method and device for controlling the temperature of blanks - Google Patents
Method and device for controlling the temperature of blanks Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2006105769A1 WO2006105769A1 PCT/DE2006/000590 DE2006000590W WO2006105769A1 WO 2006105769 A1 WO2006105769 A1 WO 2006105769A1 DE 2006000590 W DE2006000590 W DE 2006000590W WO 2006105769 A1 WO2006105769 A1 WO 2006105769A1
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- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- preform
- heating
- heating zone
- microwaves
- microwave
- Prior art date
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C49/00—Blow-moulding, i.e. blowing a preform or parison to a desired shape within a mould; Apparatus therefor
- B29C49/42—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
- B29C49/64—Heating or cooling preforms, parisons or blown articles
- B29C49/6409—Thermal conditioning of preforms
- B29C49/6436—Thermal conditioning of preforms characterised by temperature differential
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
- B29B13/00—Conditioning or physical treatment of the material to be shaped
- B29B13/02—Conditioning or physical treatment of the material to be shaped by heating
- B29B13/023—Half-products, e.g. films, plates
- B29B13/024—Hollow bodies, e.g. tubes or profiles
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C49/00—Blow-moulding, i.e. blowing a preform or parison to a desired shape within a mould; Apparatus therefor
- B29C49/08—Biaxial stretching during blow-moulding
- B29C49/10—Biaxial stretching during blow-moulding using mechanical means for prestretching
- B29C49/12—Stretching rods
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C49/00—Blow-moulding, i.e. blowing a preform or parison to a desired shape within a mould; Apparatus therefor
- B29C49/42—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
- B29C49/4205—Handling means, e.g. transfer, loading or discharging means
- B29C49/42073—Grippers
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C49/00—Blow-moulding, i.e. blowing a preform or parison to a desired shape within a mould; Apparatus therefor
- B29C49/42—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
- B29C49/4205—Handling means, e.g. transfer, loading or discharging means
- B29C49/42093—Transporting apparatus, e.g. slides, wheels or conveyors
- B29C49/42095—Rotating wheels or stars
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C49/00—Blow-moulding, i.e. blowing a preform or parison to a desired shape within a mould; Apparatus therefor
- B29C49/42—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
- B29C49/64—Heating or cooling preforms, parisons or blown articles
- B29C49/68—Ovens specially adapted for heating preforms or parisons
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C35/00—Heating, cooling or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanising; Apparatus therefor
- B29C35/02—Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould
- B29C35/08—Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould by wave energy or particle radiation
- B29C35/0805—Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould by wave energy or particle radiation using electromagnetic radiation
- B29C2035/0855—Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould by wave energy or particle radiation using electromagnetic radiation using microwave
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C2949/00—Indexing scheme relating to blow-moulding
- B29C2949/07—Preforms or parisons characterised by their configuration
- B29C2949/0715—Preforms or parisons characterised by their configuration the preform having one end closed
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C49/00—Blow-moulding, i.e. blowing a preform or parison to a desired shape within a mould; Apparatus therefor
- B29C49/02—Combined blow-moulding and manufacture of the preform or the parison
- B29C49/06—Injection blow-moulding
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C49/00—Blow-moulding, i.e. blowing a preform or parison to a desired shape within a mould; Apparatus therefor
- B29C49/08—Biaxial stretching during blow-moulding
- B29C49/10—Biaxial stretching during blow-moulding using mechanical means for prestretching
- B29C49/122—Drive means therefor
- B29C49/1229—Drive means therefor being a cam mechanism
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C49/00—Blow-moulding, i.e. blowing a preform or parison to a desired shape within a mould; Apparatus therefor
- B29C49/42—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
- B29C49/64—Heating or cooling preforms, parisons or blown articles
- B29C49/6409—Thermal conditioning of preforms
- B29C49/6436—Thermal conditioning of preforms characterised by temperature differential
- B29C49/6445—Thermal conditioning of preforms characterised by temperature differential through the preform length
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C49/00—Blow-moulding, i.e. blowing a preform or parison to a desired shape within a mould; Apparatus therefor
- B29C49/42—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
- B29C49/64—Heating or cooling preforms, parisons or blown articles
- B29C49/6409—Thermal conditioning of preforms
- B29C49/6436—Thermal conditioning of preforms characterised by temperature differential
- B29C49/6454—Thermal conditioning of preforms characterised by temperature differential through the preform thickness
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2023/00—Use of polyalkenes or derivatives thereof as moulding material
- B29K2023/10—Polymers of propylene
- B29K2023/12—PP, i.e. polypropylene
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2067/00—Use of polyesters or derivatives thereof, as moulding material
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
- B29L2031/00—Other particular articles
- B29L2031/712—Containers; Packaging elements or accessories, Packages
- B29L2031/7158—Bottles
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for controlling the temperature of preforms made of a thermoplastic material, in which the preforms are exposed at least partially and at least temporarily to microwave radiation.
- the invention furthermore relates to a device for tempering preforms made of a thermoplastic material which has at least one microwave generator and at least one heating zone bounded by a wall.
- Such methods and devices are used, for example, for the tempering of preforms, which are converted into a container after thermal conditioning by a blowing process.
- bottles are made of plastic in such a container molding.
- Blastikein precisely be preforms made of a thermoplastic material, for example, preforms made of PET (polyethylene terephthalate), supplied to different processing stations within a blow molding machine.
- a blow molding machine of the type having a heating device and a blowing device, in the region of which the previously tempered preform is expanded by biaxial orientation to a container. The expansion takes place by means of compressed air, which is introduced into the preform to be expanded.
- the preforms as well as the blown containers may be transported by means of different handling devices.
- the use of transport thorns, onto which the preforms are attached, has proven to be useful.
- the preforms can also be handled with other support devices.
- the use of tongs for handling preforms and the use of spreaders for mounting in a mouth region of the preform are also part of the available constructions.
- a handling of containers using transfer wheels is described, for example, in DE-OS 199 06 438 in an arrangement of the transfer wheel between a blowing wheel and a discharge path.
- blow stations which are arranged on rotating transport wheels, a book-like Aufklappbarkeit the mold carrier is often-meet. But it is also possible to use relative to each other ver-displaceable or differently guided mold carriers.
- fixed blowing stations which are particularly suitable for receiving a plurality of cavities for container molding, typically plates arranged parallel to one another are used as mold carriers.
- the preformed rings are typically attached to transport mandrels which either pass the preform through the entire Transport blowing machine or circulating only in the heating device.
- transport mandrels which either pass the preform through the entire Transport blowing machine or circulating only in the heating device.
- the preforms are usually plugged onto a sleeve-shaped holding element of the transport mandrel.
- expanding mandrels are introduced into the mouths of the preforms, which clamp the preforms in the rule.
- thermoplastic material has pronounced thermally insulating properties, sufficient time for the preforms to heat up for about 20 seconds results in adequate heat propagation. To avoid overheating of the surface areas of the preform takes place at the same time for heating and blowing with cooling air. This results in a relatively high energy consumption for the implementation of the heating.
- Object of the present invention is to improve a method of the type mentioned in the introduction so that with low mechanical engineering effort a high-quality heating is supported at the same time high throughput rates.
- This object is achieved in that the microwave radiation, a heat profile in the wall of the preform is produced, that the preform ling is heated in at least one bounded by a wall heating zone, which receives only a portion of the preform and that during at least one part the temperature is generated relative movement between the preform and the heating zone.
- a further object of the present invention is to design a device of the type mentioned in the introduction in such a way that high throughput rates are supported with a simple structural design.
- This object is achieved in that the heating zone is dimensioned such that it receives only a portion of the preform and that a positioning device for generating a relative movement between the preform and the heating zone adjacent to the heating zone is arranged.
- the microwaves have a high penetration depth in the material of the preform, so that a volumetric heating of the preforms is supported. It can thereby be generated a favorable radial temperature profile in the wall of the preform. Due to a high conversion rate of the energy used into heat energy within the preform wall, the efficiency of the heating is substantially increased.
- the effectiveness of the heating can be further increased by the fact that the microwave radiation is concentrated in a portion of the heating zone.
- a shortening of the heating time can be achieved despite the use of a small-sized microwave generator in that the preform is arranged in the region of the concentrated microwave radiation.
- a typical field of application is defined by tempering the preform with microwave radiation in the frequency range from 0.8 to 12 GHz.
- a microwave generator with predetermined ter fixed frequency or variable frequency is used.
- the preform is moved relative to a stationary heating zone.
- the heating zone is moved relative to the preform.
- the generation of a desired temperature profile is assisted, in particular, by carrying out the relative movement between the preform and the heating zone in the direction of a preform longitudinal axis.
- the preform is heated by several heating zones simultaneously.
- the generation of an advantageous field distribution within the heating zone can be assisted by superposing two microwaves in the region of the heating zone. In principle, however, only a microwave can be used.
- At least two microwaves of the same frequency are superimposed.
- at least two microwaves of different frequency are superimposed. These different frequency microwaves can be generated by a plurality of microwave generators.
- Back-reflection damage to the microwave generator can be avoided by dissipating microwave radiation reflected back from the heating zone in the direction of the microwave generator.
- the microwave radiation generates a temperature profile in the material of the preform in the direction of the preform longitudinal axis.
- the microwave radiation generates a temperature profile in the material of the preform in the circumferential direction.
- a particularly preferred field of application is that the tempered preform is transformed into a container following the heating with the microwaves by a blow molding process.
- An optimization of the heating process can be carried out by performing an impedance matching during the execution of the microwave heating.
- FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a blow molding station for the production of containers from preforms
- FIG. 2 shows a longitudinal section through a blow mold, in which a preform is stretched and expanded
- FIG. 3 shows a sketch to illustrate a basic structure of a device for blow-molding containers
- FIG. 5 shows a schematic representation of the coupling of a microwave generator with a heating zone using typical coupling elements
- FIG. 7 shows a schematic longitudinal section through a preform arranged in the region of the heating zone
- FIG. 8 shows a longitudinal section through a preform, which is simultaneously introduced into a plurality of heating zones
- 9 shows an illustration of an arrangement having a plurality of heating zones arranged one behind the other and at a distance
- FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating a plurality of blowable temperature profiles
- FIG. 11 shows a field-like arrangement of a plurality of heating zones for simultaneous heating of a plurality of preforms.
- FIG. 1 The basic structure of a device for forming preforms (1) in container (2) is shown in FIG. 1 and in FIG. 2.
- the device for forming the container (2) consists essentially of a blowing station (3) which is provided with a blow-mold (4) into which a preform (1) can be inserted.
- the preform (1) may be an injection-molded part of polyethylene terephthalate.
- the blow mold (4) consists of mold halves (5, 6) and a bottom part (7), which is a lifting device (8) is positio-nierbar.
- the preform (1) can be held in the region of the blowing station (3) by a transporting mandrel (9) which, together with the preform (1), passes through a plurality of treatment stations within the device. But it is also possible to use the preform (1), for example via pliers or other handling means directly into the blow mold (4).
- a connecting piston (10) is arranged below the transport mandrel (9). assigns the compressed air to the preform (1) and at the same time performs a seal relative to the transport mandrel (9).
- a connecting piston (10) is arranged below the transport mandrel (9). assigns the compressed air to the preform (1) and at the same time performs a seal relative to the transport mandrel (9).
- solid compressed air supply lines it is basically also conceivable to use solid compressed air supply lines.
- a stretching of the preform (1) takes place in this exemplary embodiment by means of a stretch rod (11) which is positioned by a cylinder (12).
- a mechanical positioning of the stretch rod (11) is carried out over curve segments, which are acted upon by Abgriff rollers.
- the use of curve segments is particularly useful when a plurality of blowing stations (3) are arranged on a rotating blowing wheel
- the stretching system is designed such that a tandem arrangement of two cylinders (12) is provided. From a primary cylinder (13), the stretch rod (11) is first moved to the area of a bottom (14) of the preform (1) before the beginning of the actual stretching operation.
- the primary cylinder (13) with extended stretching rod together with a carriage (15) carrying the primary cylinder (13) is posi-tioned by a secondary cylinder (16) or via a cam control.
- the secondary cylinder (16) in such a cam-controlled manner that a current stretching position is predetermined by a guide roller (17) which slides along a curved path during the execution of the stretching operation.
- the guide roller (17) is pressed by the secondary cylinder (16) against the guideway.
- the carriage (15) slides along two guide elements (18). After closing the mold halves (5, 6) arranged in the region of carriers (19, 20), the carriers (19, 20) are locked relative to one another by means of a locking device (20).
- Fig. 2 shows in addition to the blown container (2) and dashed lines drawn the preform (1) and schematically a developing container bladder (23).
- FIG. 3 shows the basic structure of a blasting machine, which is provided with a heating section (24) and a rotating blowing wheel (25). Starting from a preform input (26), the preforms become
- heating elements (30) and blower (31) are arranged to temper the pre-moldings (1). After a sufficient temperature control of the preforms (1), they are transferred to the blowing wheel (25), in the region of which the blowing stations (3) are arranged. The finished blown containers (2) are fed by other ⁇ berga- begann a discharge line (32).
- thermoplastic material different plastics can be used.
- PET, PEN or PP can be used.
- the expansion of the preform (1) during the orientation process takes place by compressed air supply.
- the compressed air supply is in a pre-blow phase in which gas, for example compressed air, is supplied at a low pressure level and subdivided into a subsequent main blow phase in which gas at a higher pressure level is supplied, during the pre-blow phase typically Compressed air is used with a pressure in the interval of 10 bar to 25 bar and during the main blowing phase compressed air is supplied with a pressure in the interval from 25 bar to 40 bar.
- the heating section (24) is formed of a plurality of revolving transport elements (33) which are strung together like a chain and guided by Um-steering wheels (34).
- the chain-like arrangement would open up a substantially rectangular basic contour.
- a single relatively large-sized guide wheel (34) and in the area of adjacent deflections two comparatively smaller dimensioned deflection wheels (36) used.
- any other guides are conceivable.
- the arrangement shown to be particularly useful since three deflection wheels (34, 36) are positioned in the region of the corresponding extent of the heating section (24) , in each case the smaller deflection wheels (36) in the region of the transition to the linear courses of the heating track (24) and the larger deflection wheel (34) in the immediate transfer area to the transfer wheel (29) and to the input wheel (35) ,
- chain-like transport elements (33) it is also possible, for example, to use a rotating heating wheel.
- Fig. 4 shows the basic structure of a heating element (30).
- the heating element (30) has a microwave generator (41), which is typically designed as a magnetron.
- the microwave generator (41) can be coupled to a heating zone (44) via the series connection of a circulator (42) and a tuner (43).
- the circulator (42) serves to prevent re-radiation of microwaves into the microwave generator (41).
- microwave radiation reflected from the heating zone (44) is discharged via the circulator (42) into a water load (45) and absorbed there.
- the circulator (42) and the tuner (43) may be formed as a waveguide. Likewise, training as a coaxial conductor is possible.
- the circulator (42) has a design similar to a T-piece, wherein the middle leg of the T-piece opens into the water load (42).
- the absorption of microwave energy by the preform (1) is essentially dependent on the dielectric properties of the material of the preform (1). These dielectric properties are temperature-dependent and change during the performance of the heating.
- the impedance matching using the tuner (43) can be either controlled or regulated, including impedance detection.
- a measurement of a current impedance can be performed using diode elements.
- Temperature measurement can be done using typical infrared sensors. A high-quality temperature measurement is possible in particular because essentially only the preform and not adjacent to the preform components are heated and thereby stray radiation is largely avoided.
- the heating zone (44) is designed as a coupling-in system for the microwave radiation.
- a microwave field of high power density is generated in the area of the heating zone (44).
- the high power density can be achieved, for example, by reducing the height of the waveguide, by dielectric or metallic auxiliary bodies and / or by suitable shaping of walls of the heating zone (44).
- a resonator chamber with an E010 resonance is used.
- a height of the waveguide is increased by 30%, and when using a stack of heating zones (44), a height of the waveguide is reduced by 60%.
- Fig. 6 illustrates an embodiment of the arrangement in Fig. 5.
- the circulator (42) is realized here with a docked water load (45).
- an analysis unit (46) is arranged between the circulator (42) and the tuner (43).
- Through the heating zone (44) extends through an antenna (47).
- Behind the door ner (43) is a transition element (48) arranged to allow a transition from the waveguide to a coaxial conductor.
- the transition element (48) is terminated by a short gate valve (49).
- Another connection of the heating zone (44) opens via a further transition element (50) in a waveguide (51) which is connected to a short-circuiting slide (52) and a water load (53).
- the analysis unit (46) detects the impedance of the microwave system and the tuner (43) and the short shifters (49, 52) adjust the impedance of the microwave generator (41) to the present microwave path.
- Fig. 7 shows a longitudinal section through a preform (1), which is arranged in the region of the heating zone (44).
- the preform (1) is moved both around a preform longitudinal axis (54) and also positioned in the direction of the preform axis (54).
- the illustrated embodiment shows a stationary heating zone (44), which is partially enclosed by a wall (55).
- the heating zone (44) is formed like a chamber and has two openings (56, 57), which are adapted to an external dimensioning of the preform (1).
- the openings (56, 57) have a circular configuration and are provided with a diameter that is slightly larger than an outer diameter of the preform (1).
- a field distribution within the heating zone (44) forms as a temperature profile on the preform (1).
- a movement of the preform (1) relative to the heating zone (44) preferably with variably adjustable speed, one can adjustable temperature profile along the parison longitudinal axis (54) are generated.
- FIG. 8 shows an embodiment in which a plurality of heating zones (44) are arranged in a stack in the direction of the preform longitudinal axis (54) one behind the other. Even with such an arrangement, either the preform (1) can be moved relative to the heating chambers (44) or the heating chambers (44) relative to the preform (1).
- the power input into the preform (1) can be regulated by various methods. In principle, it proves to be advantageous to use a microwave generator (41) with controllable power. Another control parameter is the specification of the relative speed between the preform (1) and the heating chamber (44). With a variable speed specification, it is possible, for example, to generate locally higher temperatures by means of lower speeds of movement. It is also possible to use the tuner (43) to vary the power flow in the feeder by an impedance change. When stacking a plurality of heating chambers (44), the impedance change is expediently carried out in all feeds used. When using a plurality of heating zones (44) next to or above each other, there is a minimization of the high-frequency technical coupling of the individual heating zones (44).
- FIG. 9 shows an arrangement in which a plurality of heating zones (44) are arranged one behind the other in a transport direction (58) of the preforms (1).
- the individual heating zones (44) each have a spacing relative to one another.
- the preform (1) will be included of this embodiment with its preform longitudinal axes (54) in the transport direction (58) moves.
- An arrangement of the preforms (1) can take place on transport elements (59).
- a relative movement between the preforms (1) and the heating zones (44) is generated by the transport speed of the preforms (1) and / or a movement of the heating zones (44). In particular, it is intended to move the heating zones (44) independently of one another.
- the 10 shows a compilation of blowable temperature profiles.
- the course (60) shows the temperature distribution over the product length for the blown container (2), the course (61) the corresponding temperature distribution after carrying out the microwave heating for the preform (1) and the course (62) the corresponding temperature distribution in use a conventional infrared heater instead of microwave heating according to the invention. It can be seen in particular that the unwanted temperature control of the mouth region of the preform in the length range from 0 to 20 mm can be significantly reduced by microwave heating.
- Fig. 11 shows a field-like arrangement of a plurality of heating zones (44) to allow parallel heating of a plurality of preforms (1).
- the heating elements (30) according to the invention make it possible, in particular, to cause a local concentration of the microwaves within the heating zone (44). It is thereby possible to carry out the corresponding concentration of the microwaves in that region of an inner space of the heating zone (44) in which the preform ling (1) is arranged. This concentration makes it possible to minimize the resulting heating time without using extremely powerful microwave generators (41).
- both IR emitters and microwaves can be used to control the temperature of the preforms (1).
- a heating of the mouth of the preform (1) opposite ground area with IR radiation is particularly preferred.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Blow-Moulding Or Thermoforming Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Temperierung von Vorform- lingenMethod and device for tempering preforms
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Temperierung von Vorformlingen aus einem thermoplastischen Material, bei dem die Vorformlinge mindestens bereichsweise und mindestens zeitweise eine Mikrowellenstrahlung ausgesetzt werden.The invention relates to a method for controlling the temperature of preforms made of a thermoplastic material, in which the preforms are exposed at least partially and at least temporarily to microwave radiation.
Die Erfindung betrifft darüber hinaus eine Vorrichtung zur Temperierung von Vorformlingen aus einem thermoplastischen Material, die mindestens einen Mikrowellengenerator sowie mindestens eine von einer Wandung begrenzte Heizzone aufweist.The invention furthermore relates to a device for tempering preforms made of a thermoplastic material which has at least one microwave generator and at least one heating zone bounded by a wall.
Derartige Verfahren und Vorrichtungen werden beispielsweise zur Temperierung von Vorformlingen verwendet, die nach einer thermischen Konditionierung durch ein Blas- verfahren in einen Behälter umgeformt werden. Beispielsweise werden bei einer derartigen Behälterformung Flaschen aus Kunststoff hergestellt. Bei einer Behälterformung durch. Blasdruckeinwirkung werden Vorformlinge aus einem thermoplastischen Material, bei-spielsweise Vorformlinge aus PET (Polyethylen- terephthalat) , innerhalb einer Blasmaschine unterschiedlichen Bearbei-tungsstationen zugeführt. Typischerweise weist eine der-artige Blasmaschine eine Heizeinrichtung sowie eine Blas-einrichtung auf, in deren Bereich der zuvor temperierte Vorformling durch biaxiale Orientierung zu einem Behälter expandiert wird. Die Expansion erfolgt mit Hilfe von Druck-luft, die in den zu expandierenden Vorformling eingeleitet wird. Der verfahrenstechnische Ablauf bei einer derartigen Expansion des Vorformlings wird in der DE-OS 43 40 291 erläutert. Die einleitend erwähnte Einleitung des unter Druck stehenden Gases umfaßt auch die Druckgaseinleitung in die sich entwickelnde Behälterblase sowie die Druckgas-einleitung in den Vorformling zu Beginn des Blasvorganges .Such methods and devices are used, for example, for the tempering of preforms, which are converted into a container after thermal conditioning by a blowing process. For example, bottles are made of plastic in such a container molding. In a container forming by. Blasdruckeinwirkung be preforms made of a thermoplastic material, for example, preforms made of PET (polyethylene terephthalate), supplied to different processing stations within a blow molding machine. Typically, a blow molding machine of the type having a heating device and a blowing device, in the region of which the previously tempered preform is expanded by biaxial orientation to a container. The expansion takes place by means of compressed air, which is introduced into the preform to be expanded. The procedural sequence in such an expansion of the preform is explained in DE-OS 43 40 291. The introductory mentioned introduction of the pressurized gas also includes the introduction of compressed gas into the developing container bubble and the introduction of compressed gas into the preform at the beginning of the blowing process.
Der grundsätzliche Aufbau einer Blasstation zur Behäl- ter-formung wird in der DE-OS 42 12 583 beschrieben. Möglich-keiten zur Temperierung der Vorformlinge werden in der DE-OS 23 52 926 erläutert.The basic structure of a blowing station for container molding is described in DE-OS 42 12 583. Possibilities for tempering the preforms are explained in DE-OS 23 52 926.
Innerhalb der Vorrichtung zur Blasformung können die vor-formlinge sowie die geblasenen Behälter mit Hilfe unter-schiedlicher Handhabungseinrichtungen transportiert werden. Bewährt hat sich insbesondere die Verwendung von Transport-dornen, auf die die Vorformlinge aufgesteckt werden. Die Vorformlinge können aber auch mit anderen Trageinrichtungen gehandhabt werden. Die Verwendung von Greifzangen zur Hand-habung von Vorform- lingen und die Verwendung von Spreiz-dornen, die zur Halterung in einen Mündungsbereich des Vor-formlings einführbar sind, gehören ebenfalls zu den ver-fügbaren Konstruktionen.Within the blow molding apparatus, the preforms as well as the blown containers may be transported by means of different handling devices. In particular, the use of transport thorns, onto which the preforms are attached, has proven to be useful. The preforms can also be handled with other support devices. The use of tongs for handling preforms and the use of spreaders for mounting in a mouth region of the preform are also part of the available constructions.
Eine Handhabung von Behältern unter Verwendung von Übergaberädern wird beispielsweise in der DE-OS 199 06 438 bei einer Anordnung des Übergaberades zwischen einem Blasrad und einer Ausgabestrecke beschrieben.A handling of containers using transfer wheels is described, for example, in DE-OS 199 06 438 in an arrangement of the transfer wheel between a blowing wheel and a discharge path.
Die bereits erläuterte Handhabung der Vorformlinge erfolgt zum einen bei den sogenannten Zweistufenverfahren, bei denen die Vorformlinge zunächst in einem Spritzgußverfahren hergestellt, anschließend zwischengelagert und erst später hinsichtlich ihrer Temperatur konditioniert und zu einem Behälter aufgeblasen werden. Zum anderen erfolgt eine An-wendung bei den sogenannten Einstufenverfahren, bei denen die Vorformlinge unmittelbar nach ihrer spritzgußtech-nischen Herstellung und einer ausreichenden Verfestigung geeignet temperiert und anschließend aufgeblasen werden.The already described handling of the preforms takes place firstly in the so-called two-stage process, in which the preforms are first produced in an injection molding process, then temporarily stored and later conditioned in terms of their temperature and inflated to a container. On the other hand, there is an application in the so-called one-step process, in which the preforms are suitably tempered immediately after their injection-molding production and sufficient solidification and then inflated.
Im Hinblick auf die verwendeten Blasstationen sind un- ter-schiedliche Ausführungsformen bekannt. Bei Blasstationen, die auf rotierenden Transporträdern angeordnet sind, ist eine buchartige Aufklappbarkeit der Formträger häufig anzu-treffen. Es ist aber auch möglich, relativ zueinander ver-schiebliche oder andersartig geführte Formträger einzu-setzen. Bei ortsfesten Blasstationen, die insbesondere dafür geeignet sind, mehrere Kavitäten zur Behälterformung aufzunehmen, werden typischerweise parallel zueinander angeordnete Platten als Formträger verwendet.With regard to the blowing stations used, different embodiments are known. In blow stations, which are arranged on rotating transport wheels, a book-like Aufklappbarkeit the mold carrier is often-meet. But it is also possible to use relative to each other ver-displaceable or differently guided mold carriers. In fixed blowing stations, which are particularly suitable for receiving a plurality of cavities for container molding, typically plates arranged parallel to one another are used as mold carriers.
Vor einer Durchführung der Beheizung werden die Vor- form-linge typischerweise auf Transportdorne aufgesteckt, die den Vorformling entweder durch die gesamte Blasmaschine transportieren oder die lediglich im Bereich der Heizein-richtung umlaufen. Bei einer stehenden Beheizung der Vor-formlinge derart, daß die Mündungen der Vorformlinge in lotrechter Richtung nach unten orientiert sind, werden die Vorformlinge üblicherweise auf ein hülsenförmiges Hal-terungselement des Trans- portdornes aufgesteckt. Bei einer hängenden Beheizung der Vorformlinge, bei der diese mit ihren Mündungen in lotrechter Richtung nach oben orientiert sind, werden in der Regel Spreizdorne in die Mündungen der vorformlinge eingeführt, die die Vorformlinge festklemmen.Before the heating is carried out, the preformed rings are typically attached to transport mandrels which either pass the preform through the entire Transport blowing machine or circulating only in the heating device. In a stationary heating of the pre-moldings such that the mouths of the preforms are oriented in a vertical direction downwards, the preforms are usually plugged onto a sleeve-shaped holding element of the transport mandrel. In a hanging heating of the preforms, in which they are oriented with their mouths in a vertical direction upwards, expanding mandrels are introduced into the mouths of the preforms, which clamp the preforms in the rule.
Ein wesentliches Problem bei der Verwendung von konventionellen Infrarot-Strahlern zur Beheizung der Vorformlinge besteht darin, daß der überwiegende Strahlungsanteil bereits in der unmittelbaren Nähe der Oberfläche des Vor-formlings in Wärme umgesetzt wird und daß eine Temperierung der inneren Wandungsbereiche des Vorform- lings nur durch Wärmeausbreitung innerhalb des thermoplastischen Materials erfolgt. Da das thermoplastische Material ausgeprägte thermisch isolierende Eigenschaften aufweist, ergibt sich für eine ausreichende Wärmeausbreitung ein Zeitbedarf für die Beheizung der Vorformlinge von etwa 20 Sekunden. Zur Vermeidung einer Überhitzung der Oberflächenbereiche des Vorformlings erfolgt gleichzeitig zur Beheizung auch ein Anblasen mit Kühlluft. Hieraus resultiert ein relativ hoher Energieaufwand für die Durchführung der Beheizung.An essential problem with the use of conventional infrared radiators for heating the preforms is that the predominant radiation component is already converted into heat in the immediate vicinity of the surface of the preform and that a temperature control of the inner wall portions of the preform only by Heat propagation occurs within the thermoplastic material. Since the thermoplastic material has pronounced thermally insulating properties, sufficient time for the preforms to heat up for about 20 seconds results in adequate heat propagation. To avoid overheating of the surface areas of the preform takes place at the same time for heating and blowing with cooling air. This results in a relatively high energy consumption for the implementation of the heating.
Zur Unterstützung einer möglichst gleichmäßigen aktiven Be-heizung der Vorformlinge durch die Wanddicke des Vorform-lings hindurch ist es ebenfalls bekannt, alternativ oder ergänzend zu einer Beheizung mit Infrarotstrahlern auch eine Beheizung mit HF-Strahlung bzw. Mikrowellenstrahlung durchzuführen. Aus der US-PS 3,830,893 ist es bereits bekannt, Vor- formlinge aus Nitridlpolymeren mit Mikrowellen zu erwärmen. Die Vorformlinge werden hierbei durch Hohlleiter mit recht-eckigem oder runden Querschnitt hindurch transportiert und dabei erwärmt. Der gesamte Bereich des Vorformlingskörpers wird hierbei mit einer homogenen Temperaturverteilung versehen. Im gesamten Hohlleiterbereich wird eine vergleichsweise geringe elektrische Feldstärke des Mikrowellenfeldes bereitgestellt. Derartige geringe Feldstärken sind zur Temperierung von Nitrilpolymeren ausreichend, bei einer Vielzahl von thermoplastischen Materialien mit schwacher Mikrowelle- nabsorbtion sind derartige Verfahren und Vorrichtungen aber nicht anwendbar.To support as even as possible active heating of the preforms by the wall thickness of the preform, it is also known to carry out heating with HF radiation or microwave radiation as an alternative or in addition to heating with infrared radiators. From US Pat. No. 3,830,893 it is already known to heat preforms made of nitride polymers with microwaves. The preforms are in this case transported through waveguide rectangular or round cross section through and thereby heated. The entire area of the preform body is provided here with a homogeneous temperature distribution. In the entire waveguide region, a comparatively low electric field strength of the microwave field is provided. Such low field strengths are sufficient for tempering nitrile polymers, but such methods and devices are not applicable to a variety of thermoplastic materials having low microwave absorbance.
Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung ist es, ein Verfahren der einleitend genannten Art derart zu verbessern, daß mit geringem maschinenbaulichen Aufwand eine qualitativ hoch-wertige Beheizung bei gleichzeitig hohen Durchsatzraten unterstützt wird.Object of the present invention is to improve a method of the type mentioned in the introduction so that with low mechanical engineering effort a high-quality heating is supported at the same time high throughput rates.
Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß dadurch gelöst, daß durch die Mikrowellenstrahlung ein Wärmeprofil in der Wandung des Vorformlings erzeugt wird, daß der Vorform- ling in mindestens einer von einer Wandung begrenzten Heizzone beheizt wird, die lediglich einen Teilbereich des Vorformlings aufnimmt und daß während mindestens eines Teiles der Temperierung eine Relativbewegung zwischen dem Vorformling und der Heizzone erzeugt wird.This object is achieved in that the microwave radiation, a heat profile in the wall of the preform is produced, that the preform ling is heated in at least one bounded by a wall heating zone, which receives only a portion of the preform and that during at least one part the temperature is generated relative movement between the preform and the heating zone.
Weitere Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung ist es, eine Vorrichtung der einleitend genannten Art derart zu kon- stru-ieren, daß hohe Durchsatzraten bei einfachem konstruktiven Aufbau unterstützt werden. Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß dadurch gelöst, daß die Heizzone derart dimensioniert ist, daß sie lediglich einen Teilbereich des Vorformlings aufnimmt und daß eine Positioniereinrichtung zur Erzeugung einer Relativbewegung zwischen dem Vorformling und der Heizzone benachbart zur Heizzone angeordnet ist.A further object of the present invention is to design a device of the type mentioned in the introduction in such a way that high throughput rates are supported with a simple structural design. This object is achieved in that the heating zone is dimensioned such that it receives only a portion of the preform and that a positioning device for generating a relative movement between the preform and the heating zone adjacent to the heating zone is arranged.
Durch das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren und die Vorrichtung ist es möglich, auch im Bereich von Vorformlingen aus schwach absorbierenden Kunststoffen ein feinab- stimrabares Temperaturprofil zu generieren. Die Mikrowellen weisen eine hohe Eindringtiefe in das Material des Vorformlings auf, so daß eine volumetrische Erwärmung der Vorformlinge unterstützt wird. Es kann hierdurch ein günstiges radiales Temperaturprofil in der Wandung des Vorformlinges erzeugt werden. Aufgrund einer hohen Umsetzrate der aufgewendeten Energie in Wärmeenergie innerhalb der vorformlingswandung wird die Effizienz der Beheizung wesentlich erhöht.By means of the method and the device according to the invention, it is also possible to generate a finely tunable temperature profile in the area of preforms made of low-absorbing plastics. The microwaves have a high penetration depth in the material of the preform, so that a volumetric heating of the preforms is supported. It can thereby be generated a favorable radial temperature profile in the wall of the preform. Due to a high conversion rate of the energy used into heat energy within the preform wall, the efficiency of the heating is substantially increased.
Die Effektivität der Heizung läßt sich weiterhin dadurch erhöhen, daß die Mikrowellenstrahlung in einem Teilbereich der Heizzone konzentriert wird.The effectiveness of the heating can be further increased by the fact that the microwave radiation is concentrated in a portion of the heating zone.
Insbesondere kann eine Verkürzung der Heizdauer trotz Verwendung eines gering dimensionierten Mikrowellengenerators dadurch erreicht werden, daß der Vorformling im Bereich der konzentrierten Mikrowellenstrahlung angeordnet wird.In particular, a shortening of the heating time can be achieved despite the use of a small-sized microwave generator in that the preform is arranged in the region of the concentrated microwave radiation.
Ein typisches Anwendungsgebiet wird dadurch definiert, daß der Vorformling mit Mikrowellenstrahlung im Frequenzbereich von 0,8 bis 12 GHz temperiert wird. Hierzu kann wahlweise ein Mikrowellengenerator mit vorbestimm- ter fester Frequenz oder mit variabler Frequenz verwendet wird.A typical field of application is defined by tempering the preform with microwave radiation in the frequency range from 0.8 to 12 GHz. For this purpose, optionally a microwave generator with predetermined ter fixed frequency or variable frequency is used.
Hinsichtlich der itiaschinenbaulichen Realisierung erweist es sich als vorteilhaft, daß der Vorformling relativ zu einer ortsfest angeordneten Heizzone bewegt wird.With regard to the construction of the mechanical engineering it proves to be advantageous that the preform is moved relative to a stationary heating zone.
Gemäß einer weiteren Erfindungsvariante ist auch daran gedacht, daß die Heizzone relativ zum Vorformling bewegt wird.According to a further variant of the invention, it is also contemplated that the heating zone is moved relative to the preform.
Die Erzeugung eines gewünschten Temperaturprofils wird insbesondere dadurch unterstützt, daß die Relativbewegung zwischen dem Vorformling und der Heizzone in Richtung einer Vorformlingslangsach.se durchgeführt wird.The generation of a desired temperature profile is assisted, in particular, by carrying out the relative movement between the preform and the heating zone in the direction of a preform longitudinal axis.
Zur Verkürzung der Heizzeit wird weiterhin vorgeschlagen, daß der Vorformling von mehreren Heizzonen gleichzeitig temperiert wird.To shorten the heating time is further proposed that the preform is heated by several heating zones simultaneously.
Die Durchführung eines kontinuierlichen Heizprozesses wird dadurch erleichtert, daß mehrere Heizzonen in einer Transportrichtung des Vorformlings zeitlich nacheinander vom Vorformling durchlaufen werden.The implementation of a continuous heating process is facilitated by several heating zones in a transport direction of the preform are sequentially passed through the preform.
Die Generierung einer vorteilhaften Feldverteilung innerhalb der Heizzone kann dadurch unterstützt werden, daß im Bereich der Heizzone zwei Mikrowellen überlagert werden. Grundsätzlich kann aber auch lediglich eine Mikrowelle verwendet werden.The generation of an advantageous field distribution within the heating zone can be assisted by superposing two microwaves in the region of the heating zone. In principle, however, only a microwave can be used.
Gemäß einer Ausführungsform ist daran gedacht, daß mindestens zwei Mikrowellen gleicher Frequenz überlagert werden. Darüber hinaus ist es auch möglich, daß mindestens zwei Mikrowellen unterschiedlicher Frequenz überlagert werden. Diese Mikrowellen unterschiedlicher Frequenz können von einer Mehrzahl von Mikrowellengeneratoren erzeugt werden.According to one embodiment, it is contemplated that at least two microwaves of the same frequency are superimposed. In addition, it is also possible that at least two microwaves of different frequency are superimposed. These different frequency microwaves can be generated by a plurality of microwave generators.
Eine Beschädigung des Mikrowellengenerators durch Rückreflexion kann dadurch vermieden werden, daß von der Heizzone in Richtung auf den Mikrowellengenerator zurückreflektierte Mikrowellenstrahlung abgeleitet wird.Back-reflection damage to the microwave generator can be avoided by dissipating microwave radiation reflected back from the heating zone in the direction of the microwave generator.
Hinsichtlich typischer Anwendungen erweist es sich als vorteilhaft, daß durch die Mikrowellenstrahlung ein Temperaturprofil im Material des Vorformlings in Richtung der Vorformlingslängsachse erzeugt wird.With regard to typical applications, it proves to be advantageous that the microwave radiation generates a temperature profile in the material of the preform in the direction of the preform longitudinal axis.
Alternativ oder ergänzend ist es auch möglich, daß durch die Mikrowellenstrahlung ein Temperaturprofil im Material des Vorformlings in Umfangsriehtung erzeugt wird.Alternatively or additionally, it is also possible that the microwave radiation generates a temperature profile in the material of the preform in the circumferential direction.
Ein besonders bevorzugtes Anwendungsgebiet besteht darin, daß der temperierte Vorformling im Anschluß an die Beheizung mit den Mikrowellen durch einen Blasformungs- prozeß in einen Behälter umgeformt wird.A particularly preferred field of application is that the tempered preform is transformed into a container following the heating with the microwaves by a blow molding process.
Eine Optimierung des Heizvorganges kann dadurch erfolgen, daß während der Durchführung der Mikrowellenbeheizung eine Impedanzanpassung durchgeführt wird.An optimization of the heating process can be carried out by performing an impedance matching during the execution of the microwave heating.
Die Änderung von Materialparametern als Folge der Aufheizung kann dadurch berücksichtigt werden, daß die Impedanzanpassung in Abhängigkeit von einer gemessenen Dielektrizitätskonstante des Vorformlings durchgeführt wird. In den Zeichnungen sind Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung schematisch dargestellt. Es zeigen:The change in material parameters as a result of the heating can be taken into account by performing the impedance matching as a function of a measured preform dielectric constant. In the drawings, embodiments of the invention are shown schematically. Show it:
Fig. 1 Eine perspektivische Darstellung einer Blasstation zur Herstellung von Behältern aus Vor- formlingen,1 is a perspective view of a blow molding station for the production of containers from preforms,
Fig. 2 einen Längsschnitt durch eine Blasform, in der ein Vorformling gereckt und expandiert wird,2 shows a longitudinal section through a blow mold, in which a preform is stretched and expanded,
Fig. 3 eine Skizze zur Veranschaulichung eines grundsätzlichen Aufbaus einer Vorrichtung zur Blasformung von Behältern,3 shows a sketch to illustrate a basic structure of a device for blow-molding containers,
Fig. 4 eine modifizierte Heizstrecke mit vergrößerter Heizkapazität,4 shows a modified heating section with increased heating capacity,
Fig. 5 eine schematische Darstellung der Kopplung eines Mikrowellengenerators mit einer Heizzone unter Verwendung typischer Kopplungselemente,5 shows a schematic representation of the coupling of a microwave generator with a heating zone using typical coupling elements,
Fig. 6 eine gegenüber Fig. 5 abgewandelte Anordnung,6 shows a comparison with FIG. 5 modified arrangement,
Fig. 7 einen schematischen Längsschnitt durch einen im Bereich der Heizzone angeordneten Vorformling,7 shows a schematic longitudinal section through a preform arranged in the region of the heating zone,
Fig. 8 einen Längsschnitt durch einen Vorformling, der gleichzeitig in eine Mehrzahl von Heizzonen eingeführt ist, Fig. 9 eine Darstellung einer Anordnung mit einer Mehrzahl hintereinander und beabstandet angeordneter Heizzonen,8 shows a longitudinal section through a preform, which is simultaneously introduced into a plurality of heating zones, 9 shows an illustration of an arrangement having a plurality of heating zones arranged one behind the other and at a distance,
Fig. 10 ein Diagramm zur Veranschaulichung mehrerer blasfähiger Temperaturprofile und10 is a diagram illustrating a plurality of blowable temperature profiles and
Fig. 11 eine feldartige Anordnung einer Mehrzahl von Heizzonen zur gleichzeitigen Beheizung einer Vielzahl von Vorformlingen.11 shows a field-like arrangement of a plurality of heating zones for simultaneous heating of a plurality of preforms.
Der prinzipielle Aufbau einer Vorrichtung zur Umformung von Vorformlingen (1) in Behälter (2) ist in Fig. 1 und in Fig. 2 dargestellt.The basic structure of a device for forming preforms (1) in container (2) is shown in FIG. 1 and in FIG. 2.
Die Vorrichtung zur Formung des Behälters (2) besteht im wesentlichen aus einer Blasstation (3) , die mit einer Blas-form (4) versehen ist, in die ein Vorformling (1) einsetz-bar ist. Der Vorformling (1) kann ein spritzgegossenes Teil aus Polyethylenterephthalat sein. Zur Ermöglichung eines Einsetzens des Vorformlings (1) in die Blasform (4) und zur Ermöglichung eines Herausnehmens des fertigen Behälters (2) besteht die Blasform (4) aus Formhälften (5, 6) und einem Bodenteil (7) , das von einer Hubvorrichtung (8) positio-nierbar ist. Der Vorformling (1) kann im Bereich der Blas-station (3) von einem Transportdorn (9) gehalten sein, der gemeinsam mit dem Vorformling (1) eine Mehrzahl von Behandlungsstationen innerhalb der Vorrichtung durchläuft. Es ist aber auch möglich, den Vorformling (1) beispielsweise über Zangen oder andere Handhabungsmittel direkt in die Blasform (4) einzusetzen.The device for forming the container (2) consists essentially of a blowing station (3) which is provided with a blow-mold (4) into which a preform (1) can be inserted. The preform (1) may be an injection-molded part of polyethylene terephthalate. To allow the preform (1) to be inserted into the blow mold (4) and to allow the finished container (2) to be removed, the blow mold (4) consists of mold halves (5, 6) and a bottom part (7), which is a lifting device (8) is positio-nierbar. The preform (1) can be held in the region of the blowing station (3) by a transporting mandrel (9) which, together with the preform (1), passes through a plurality of treatment stations within the device. But it is also possible to use the preform (1), for example via pliers or other handling means directly into the blow mold (4).
Zur Ermöglichung einer Druckluftzuleitung ist unterhalb des Transportdornes (9) ein Anschlußkolben (10) ange- ordnet, der dem Vorformling (1) Druckluft zuführt und gleichzeitig eine Abdichtung relativ zum Transportdorn (9) vornimmt. Bei einer abgewandelten Konstruktion ist es grundsätzlich aber auch denkbar, feste Druckluftzuleitungen zu verwenden.To enable a compressed air supply line, a connecting piston (10) is arranged below the transport mandrel (9). assigns the compressed air to the preform (1) and at the same time performs a seal relative to the transport mandrel (9). In a modified construction, it is basically also conceivable to use solid compressed air supply lines.
Eine Reckung des Vorformlings (1) erfolgt bei diesem Aus-führungsbeispiel mit Hilfe einer Reckstange (11) , die von einem Zylinder (12) positioniert wird. Gemäß einer anderen Ausführungsform wird eine mechanische Positionierung der Reckstange (11) über Kurvensegmente durchgeführt, die von Abgriffrollen beaufschlagt sind. Die Verwendung von Kurven-segmenten ist insbesondere dann zweckmäßig, wenn eine Mehr-zahl von Blasstationen (3) auf einem rotierenden Blasrad angeordnet sindA stretching of the preform (1) takes place in this exemplary embodiment by means of a stretch rod (11) which is positioned by a cylinder (12). According to another embodiment, a mechanical positioning of the stretch rod (11) is carried out over curve segments, which are acted upon by Abgriff rollers. The use of curve segments is particularly useful when a plurality of blowing stations (3) are arranged on a rotating blowing wheel
Bei der in Fig. 1 dargestellten Ausführungsform ist das Recksystem derart ausgebildet, daß eine Tandem- Anordnung von zwei Zylindern (12) bereitgestellt ist. Von einem Primärzylinder (13) wird die Reckstange (11) zunächst vor Beginn des eigentlichen Reckvorganges bis in den Bereich eines Bodens (14) des Vorformlings (1) gefahren. Während des eigentlichen Reckvorganges wird der Primärzylinder (13) mit ausgefahrener Reckstange gemeinsam mit einem den Primärzylinder (13) tragenden Schlitten (15) von einem Sekundärzylinder (16) oder über eine Kurvensteuerung posi-tioniert . Insbesondere ist daran gedacht, den Sekundär-zylinder (16) derart kurvengesteuert einzusetzen, daß von einer Führungsrolle (17) , die während der Durchführung des Reckvorganges an einer Kurvenbahn entlang gleitet, eine aktuelle Reckposition vorgegeben wird. Die Führungsrolle (17) wird vom Sekundärzylinder (16) gegen die Führungsbahn gedrückt. Der Schlitten (15) gleitet entlang von zwei Führungselementen (18) . Nach einem Schließen der im Bereich von Trägern (19, 20) angeordneten Formhälften (5, 6) erfolgt eine Verriegelung der Träger (19, 20) relativ zueinander mit Hilfe einer Verriegelungseinrichtung (20) .In the embodiment shown in Fig. 1, the stretching system is designed such that a tandem arrangement of two cylinders (12) is provided. From a primary cylinder (13), the stretch rod (11) is first moved to the area of a bottom (14) of the preform (1) before the beginning of the actual stretching operation. During the actual stretching process, the primary cylinder (13) with extended stretching rod together with a carriage (15) carrying the primary cylinder (13) is posi-tioned by a secondary cylinder (16) or via a cam control. In particular, it is envisaged to use the secondary cylinder (16) in such a cam-controlled manner that a current stretching position is predetermined by a guide roller (17) which slides along a curved path during the execution of the stretching operation. The guide roller (17) is pressed by the secondary cylinder (16) against the guideway. The carriage (15) slides along two guide elements (18). After closing the mold halves (5, 6) arranged in the region of carriers (19, 20), the carriers (19, 20) are locked relative to one another by means of a locking device (20).
Zur Anpassung an unterschiedliche Formen eines Mündungsabschnittes (21) des Vorformlings (1) ist gemäß Fig. 2 die Verwendung separater Gewindeeinsätze (22) im Bereich der Blasform (4) vorgesehen.To adapt to different shapes of a mouth portion (21) of the preform (1), the use of separate threaded inserts (22) in the region of the blow mold (4) is provided according to FIG.
Fig. 2 zeigt zusätzlich zum geblasenen Behälter (2) auch gestrichelt eingezeichnet den Vorformling (1) und schematisch eine sich entwickelnde Behälterblase (23) .Fig. 2 shows in addition to the blown container (2) and dashed lines drawn the preform (1) and schematically a developing container bladder (23).
Fig. 3 zeigt den grundsätzlichen Aufbau einer Blasma- schine, die mit einer Heizstrecke (24) sowie einem rotierenden Blasrad (25) versehen ist. Ausgehend von einer Vorform-lingseingabe (26) werden die Vorformlinge3 shows the basic structure of a blasting machine, which is provided with a heating section (24) and a rotating blowing wheel (25). Starting from a preform input (26), the preforms become
(1) von Über-gaberädern (27, 28, 29) in den Bereich der Heizstrecke (24) transportiert. Entlang der Heizstrecke(1) of transfer wheels (27, 28, 29) transported in the region of the heating section (24). Along the heating route
(24) sind Heiz-elemente (30) sowie Gebläse (31) angeordnet, um die Vor-formlinge (1) zu temperieren. Nach einer ausreichenden Temperierung der Vorformlinge (1) werden diese an das Blasrad (25) übergeben, in dessen Bereich die Blasstationen (3) angeordnet sind. Die fertig geblasenen Behälter (2) werden von weiteren ϋberga- berädern einer Ausgabestrecke (32) zugeführt.(24) heating elements (30) and blower (31) are arranged to temper the pre-moldings (1). After a sufficient temperature control of the preforms (1), they are transferred to the blowing wheel (25), in the region of which the blowing stations (3) are arranged. The finished blown containers (2) are fed by other ϋberga- berädern a discharge line (32).
Um einen Vorformling (1) derart in einen Behälter (2) umformen zu können, daß der Behälter (2) Materialeigen- schaften aufweist, die eine lange Verwendungsfähigkeit von innerhalb des Behälters (2) abgefüllten Lebensmitteln, insbesondere von Getränken, gewährleisten, müssen spezielle Verfahrensschritte bei der Beheizung und Ori- entierung der Vorfoπnlinge (1) eingehalten werden. Darüber hinaus können vorteilhafte Wirkungen durch Einhaltung spezieller Dimen-sionierungsvorschriften erzielt werden.In order to be able to transform a preform (1) into a container (2) in such a way that the container (2) has material properties which ensure a long usefulness of foodstuffs filled inside the container (2), in particular drinks, special ones must be used Procedural steps in the heating and Ori- Respect the Vorfoπnlinge (1) are respected. In addition, advantageous effects can be achieved by adhering to special dimensioning regulations.
Als thermoplastisches Material können unterschiedliche Kunststoffe verwendet werden. Einsatzfähig sind bei- spiels-weise PET, PEN oder PP.As a thermoplastic material different plastics can be used. For example, PET, PEN or PP can be used.
Die Expansion des Vorformlings (1) während des Orientierungsvorganges erfolgt durch DruckluftZuführung. Die DruckluftZuführung ist in eine Vorblasphase, in der Gas, zum Beispiel Preßluft, mit einem niedrigen Druckniveau zugeführt wird und in eine sich anschließende Haupt-blasphase unterteilt, in der Gas mit einem höheren Druck-niveau zugeführt wird, während der Vorblas- phase wird typischerweise Druckluft mit einem Druck im Intervall von 10 bar bis 25 bar verwendet und während der Hauptblasphase wird Druckluft mit einem Druck im Intervall von 25 bar bis 40 bar zugeführt.The expansion of the preform (1) during the orientation process takes place by compressed air supply. The compressed air supply is in a pre-blow phase in which gas, for example compressed air, is supplied at a low pressure level and subdivided into a subsequent main blow phase in which gas at a higher pressure level is supplied, during the pre-blow phase typically Compressed air is used with a pressure in the interval of 10 bar to 25 bar and during the main blowing phase compressed air is supplied with a pressure in the interval from 25 bar to 40 bar.
Aus Fig. 3 ist ebenfalls erkennbar, daß bei der dargestellten Ausführungsform die Heizstrecke (24) aus einer Vielzahl umlaufender Transportelemente (33) ausgebildet ist, die kettenartig aneinandergereiht und entlang von Um-lenkrädern (34) geführt sind. Insbesondere ist daran ge-dacht, durch die kettenartige Anordnung eine im we- sent-lichen rechteckförmige Grundkontur aufzuspannen. Bei der dargestellten Ausführungsform werden im Bereich der dem Übergaberad (29) und einem Eingaberad (35) zugewandten Ausdehnung der Heizstrecke (24) ein einzelnes relativ groß dimensioniertes Umlenkrad (34) und im Bereich von benach-barten Umlenkungen zwei vergleichsweise kleiner dimension-ierte Umlenkräder (36) verwendet. Grundsätzlich sind aber auch beliebige andere Führungen denkbar.From Fig. 3 it can also be seen that in the illustrated embodiment, the heating section (24) is formed of a plurality of revolving transport elements (33) which are strung together like a chain and guided by Um-steering wheels (34). In particular, it is thought that the chain-like arrangement would open up a substantially rectangular basic contour. In the illustrated embodiment, in the area of the transfer wheel (29) and an input wheel (35) facing the expansion of the heating section (24) a single relatively large-sized guide wheel (34) and in the area of adjacent deflections two comparatively smaller dimensioned deflection wheels (36) used. In principle, however, any other guides are conceivable.
Zur Ermöglichung einer möglichst dichten Anordnung des Übergaberades (29) und des Eingaberades (35) relativ zuein-ander erweist sich die dargestellte Anordnung als besonders zweckmäßig, da im Bereich der entsprechenden Ausdehnung der Heizstrecke (24) drei Umlenkräder (34, 36) positioniert sind, und zwar jeweils die kleineren Umlenkräder (36) im Bereich der Überleitung zu den linearen Verläufen der Heiz-strecke (24) und das größere Umlenkrad (34) im unmittel-baren Übergabebereich zum Übergaberad (29) und zum Eingabe-rad (35) . Alternativ zur Verwendung von kettenartigen Transportelementen (33) ist es beispielsweise auch möglich, ein rotierendes Heizrad zu verwenden.To enable a possible dense arrangement of the transfer wheel (29) and the input wheel (35) relative to each other, the arrangement shown to be particularly useful, since three deflection wheels (34, 36) are positioned in the region of the corresponding extent of the heating section (24) , in each case the smaller deflection wheels (36) in the region of the transition to the linear courses of the heating track (24) and the larger deflection wheel (34) in the immediate transfer area to the transfer wheel (29) and to the input wheel (35) , As an alternative to the use of chain-like transport elements (33), it is also possible, for example, to use a rotating heating wheel.
Nach einem fertigen Blasen der Behälter (2) werden diese von einem Entnahmerad (37) aus dem Bereich der Blasstationen (3) herausgeführt und über das Übergaberad (28) und ein Ausgaberad (38) zur Ausgäbestrecke (32) trans-portiert .After a finished blowing of the containers (2), they are led out of the region of the blowing stations (3) by a removal wheel (37) and transported via the transfer wheel (28) and a delivery wheel (38) to the delivery route (32).
In der in Fig. 4 dargestellten modifizierten Heizstrek- ke (24) können durch die größere Anzahl von Heizelementen (30) eine größere Menge von vorformlingen (1) je Zeiteinheit temperiert werden. Die Gebläse (31) leiten hier Kühlluft in den Bereich von Kühlluftkanälen (39) ein, die den zuge-ordneten Heizelementen (30) jeweils gegenüberliegen und über Ausströmöffnungen die Kühlluft abgeben. Durch die Anordnung der Ausströmrichtungen wird eine Strömungs-richtung für die Kühlluft im wesentlichen quer zu einer Transportrichtung der Vorform- linge (1) realisiert. Fig. 5 zeigt den prinzipiellen Aufbau eines Heizelementes (30) . Das Heizelement (30) weist einen Mikrowellen- generator (41) auf, der typischerweise als ein Magnetron ausgebildet ist. Der Mikrowellengenerator (41) kann über die Reihenschaltung eines Zirkulators (42) und eines Tuners (43) an eine Heizzone (44) angekoppelt sein.In the modified Heizstrek- ke (24) shown in Fig. 4 can be tempered by the larger number of heating elements (30) a larger amount of preforms (1) per unit time. The fans (31) introduce cooling air into the region of cooling air ducts (39), which in each case oppose the associated heating elements (30) and deliver the cooling air via outflow openings. Due to the arrangement of the outflow directions, a flow direction for the cooling air is realized essentially transversely to a transport direction of the preforming rings (1). Fig. 5 shows the basic structure of a heating element (30). The heating element (30) has a microwave generator (41), which is typically designed as a magnetron. The microwave generator (41) can be coupled to a heating zone (44) via the series connection of a circulator (42) and a tuner (43).
Der zirkulator (42) dient zur Verhinderung einer Rückstrahlung von Mikrowellen in den Mikrowellengenerator (41) . Gegebenenfalls von der Heizzone (44) reflektierte Mikrowellenstrahlung wird über den Zirkulator (42) in eine Wasserlast (45) abgeleitet und dort absorbiert. Der Zirkulator (42) und der Tuner (43) können als Hohlleiter ausgebildet sein. Ebenfalls ist eine Ausbildung als Koaxialleiter möglich. Der Zirkulator (42) weist eine Gestaltung ähnlich zu einem T-Stück auf, wobei der mittlere Schenkel des T-Stückes in die Wasserlast (42) einmündet .The circulator (42) serves to prevent re-radiation of microwaves into the microwave generator (41). Optionally, microwave radiation reflected from the heating zone (44) is discharged via the circulator (42) into a water load (45) and absorbed there. The circulator (42) and the tuner (43) may be formed as a waveguide. Likewise, training as a coaxial conductor is possible. The circulator (42) has a design similar to a T-piece, wherein the middle leg of the T-piece opens into the water load (42).
Die Aufnahme von Mikrowellenenergie durch den Vorform- ling (1) ist wesentlich von den dielektrischen Eigenschaften des Materials des Vorformlings (1) abhängig. Diese dielektrischen Eigenschaften sind temperaturabhängig und verändern sich während der Durchführung der Beheizung. Unter Verwendung des Tuners (43) ist es möglich, eine Impedanzanpassung durchzuführen und hierdurch während des Heizprozesses auch bei sich ändernden dielektrischen Eigenschaften des Vorformlings (1) den Heizvorgang zu optimieren und hierdurch sowohl den Wirkungsgrad hinsichtlich der eingesetzten Energie zu ma- ximieren als auch die erforderlich Heizdauer zu minimieren. Die Impedanzanpassung unter Verwendung des Tuners (43) kann entweder gesteuert oder geregelt unter Einbeziehung einer Impedanzinessung erfolgen. Eine Messung einer aktuellen Impedanz kann unter Verwendung von Diodenelementen durchgeführt werden. Eine Temperaturmessung kann unter Verwendung typischer Infrarot-Sensoren erfolgen. Eine qualitativ hochwertige Temperaturmessung ist insbesondere deshalb möglich, da im wesentlichen nur der Vorformling und nicht benachbart zum vorformling angeordnete Bauelemente erhitzt werden und hierdurch Streustrahlungen weitgehend vermieden werden.The absorption of microwave energy by the preform (1) is essentially dependent on the dielectric properties of the material of the preform (1). These dielectric properties are temperature-dependent and change during the performance of the heating. Using the tuner (43), it is possible to perform an impedance matching and thereby to optimize the heating process during the heating process, even with changing dielectric properties of the preform (1) and thereby maximize both the energy efficiency and the energy efficiency required to minimize heating time. The impedance matching using the tuner (43) can be either controlled or regulated, including impedance detection. A measurement of a current impedance can be performed using diode elements. Temperature measurement can be done using typical infrared sensors. A high-quality temperature measurement is possible in particular because essentially only the preform and not adjacent to the preform components are heated and thereby stray radiation is largely avoided.
Die Heizzone (44) ist als ein EinkoppelSystem für die Mikrowellenstrahlung ausgebildet. Im Bereich der Heizzone (44) wird ein Mikrowellenfeld hoher Leistungsdichte erzeugt. Die hohe Leistungsdichte kann beispielsweise durch eine Reduktion der Höhe des Hohlleiters, durch dielektrische oder metallische Hilfskδrper und/oder durch eine geeignete Formgebung von Wandungen der Heizzone (44) erfolgen. Gemäß einem Ausführungsbeispiel wird eine Resonatorkammer mit einer E010-Resonanz verwendet. Bei Verwendung einer einzelnen Heizzone (44) wird eine Höhe des Hohlleiters um 30% und bei Verwendung eines Stapels von Heizzonen (44) wird eine Höhe des Hohlleiters um 60% reduziert. Durch diese konstruktiven Maßnahmen läßt sich eine Steigerung der Leistungsdichte um den Faktor 2 bzw. um den Faktor 9 erzielen.The heating zone (44) is designed as a coupling-in system for the microwave radiation. In the area of the heating zone (44), a microwave field of high power density is generated. The high power density can be achieved, for example, by reducing the height of the waveguide, by dielectric or metallic auxiliary bodies and / or by suitable shaping of walls of the heating zone (44). According to one embodiment, a resonator chamber with an E010 resonance is used. When using a single heating zone (44), a height of the waveguide is increased by 30%, and when using a stack of heating zones (44), a height of the waveguide is reduced by 60%. These constructive measures increase the power density by a factor of 2 or by a factor of 9.
Fig. 6 veranschaulicht eine AusführungsVariante zur Anordnung in Fig. 5. Der zirkulator (42) ist hier mit einer angekoppelten Wasserlast (45) realisiert. Zwischen dem Zirkulator (42) und dem Tuner (43) ist eine Analyseeinheit (46) angeordnet. Durch die Heizzone (44) hindurch erstreckt sich eine Antenne (47) . Hinter dem Tu- ner (43) ist ein Übergangselement (48) zur Ermöglichung eines Überganges vom Hohlleiter zu einem Koaxialleiter angeordnet. Das Übergangselement (48) ist von einem KurzeSchlußschieber (49) abgeschlossen. Ein weiterer Anschluß der Heizzone (44) mündet über ein weiteres Übergangselement (50) in einen Hohlleiter (51) , der an einen Kurzschlußschieber (52) und eine Wasserlast (53) angeschlossen ist. Auch bei dieser Anordnung erfaßt die Analyseeinheit (46) die Impedanz des Mikrowellensystems und der Tuner (43) und die Kurzschlußschieber (49, 52) passen die Impedanz des Mikrowellengenerators (41) an die vorliegende Mikrowellenstrecke an.Fig. 6 illustrates an embodiment of the arrangement in Fig. 5. The circulator (42) is realized here with a docked water load (45). Between the circulator (42) and the tuner (43) an analysis unit (46) is arranged. Through the heating zone (44) extends through an antenna (47). Behind the door ner (43) is a transition element (48) arranged to allow a transition from the waveguide to a coaxial conductor. The transition element (48) is terminated by a short gate valve (49). Another connection of the heating zone (44) opens via a further transition element (50) in a waveguide (51) which is connected to a short-circuiting slide (52) and a water load (53). Also in this arrangement, the analysis unit (46) detects the impedance of the microwave system and the tuner (43) and the short shifters (49, 52) adjust the impedance of the microwave generator (41) to the present microwave path.
Fig. 7 zeigt einen Längsschnitt durch einen vorformling (1), der im Bereich der Heizzone (44) angeordnet ist. Der Vorformling (1) wird beim dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel sowohl um eine Vorformlingslängsachεe (54) herumbewegt, als auch in Richtung der Vorformling- sachse (54) positioniert. Das dargestellte Ausführungsbeispiel zeigt eine stationär angeordnete Heizzone (44) , die bereichsweise von einer Wandung (55) umschlossen ist. Die Heizzone (44) ist kammerartig ausgebildet und weist zwei Öffnungen (56, 57) auf, die an eine Außendimensionierung des Vorformlings (1) angepaßt sind. Typischerweise weisen die Öffnungen (56, 57) eine kreisartige Gestaltung auf und sind mit einem Durchmesser versehen, der etwas größer als ein Außendurchmesser des Vorformlings (1) ausgebildet ist.Fig. 7 shows a longitudinal section through a preform (1), which is arranged in the region of the heating zone (44). In the illustrated embodiment, the preform (1) is moved both around a preform longitudinal axis (54) and also positioned in the direction of the preform axis (54). The illustrated embodiment shows a stationary heating zone (44), which is partially enclosed by a wall (55). The heating zone (44) is formed like a chamber and has two openings (56, 57), which are adapted to an external dimensioning of the preform (1). Typically, the openings (56, 57) have a circular configuration and are provided with a diameter that is slightly larger than an outer diameter of the preform (1).
Nach einem Einfahren des Vorformlings (1) in die Heizzone (44) bildet sich eine innerhalb der Heizzone (44) herrschende Feldverteilung als Temperaturprofil auf dem Vorformling (1) ab. Durch eine Bewegung des Vorformlings (1) relativ zur Heizzone (44) , vorzugsweise mit variabel einstellbarer Geschwindigkeit, kann ein genau justierbares Temperaturprofil entlang der Vorformlings- längsachse (54) erzeugt werden.After retraction of the preform (1) into the heating zone (44), a field distribution within the heating zone (44) forms as a temperature profile on the preform (1). By a movement of the preform (1) relative to the heating zone (44), preferably with variably adjustable speed, one can adjustable temperature profile along the parison longitudinal axis (54) are generated.
Fig. 8 zeigt eine Ausführungsform, bei der eine Mehrzahl von Heizzonen (44) stapelartig in Richtung der Vorformlingslängsachse (54) hintereinander angeordnet sind. Auch bei einer derartigen Anordnung kann entweder der Vorformling (1) relativ zu den Heizkammern (44) oder die Heizkammern (44) relativ zum Vorformling (1) bewegt werden.8 shows an embodiment in which a plurality of heating zones (44) are arranged in a stack in the direction of the preform longitudinal axis (54) one behind the other. Even with such an arrangement, either the preform (1) can be moved relative to the heating chambers (44) or the heating chambers (44) relative to the preform (1).
Die Leistungseinbringung in den Vorformling (1) kann über verschiedene Verfahren reguliert werden. Grundsätzlich erweist es sich als vorteilhaft, einen Mikrowellengenerator (41) mit steuerbarer Leistung zu verwenden. Ein weiterer Steuerparameter ist die Vorgabe der Relativgeschwindigkeit zwischen dem Vorformling (1) und der Heizkammer (44) . Bei einer variablen Geschwindigkeitsvorgabe ist es beispielsweise möglich, durch niedrigere Bewegungsgeschwindigkeiten lokal höhere Temperaturen zu erzeugen. Ebenfalls ist es möglich, den Tuner (43) dafür zu verwenden, um durch eine Impedanzveränderung den Leistungsfluß in der Zuführung zu variieren. Bei einer Stapelung einer Mehrzahl von Heizkammern (44) erfolgt die Impedanzänderung zweckmäßigerweise in allen verwendeten Zuführungen. Bei einer Verwendung von mehreren Heizzonen (44) neben- oder übereinander erfolgt eine Minimierung der hochfrequenztechnischen Kopplung der einzelnen Heizzonen (44) .The power input into the preform (1) can be regulated by various methods. In principle, it proves to be advantageous to use a microwave generator (41) with controllable power. Another control parameter is the specification of the relative speed between the preform (1) and the heating chamber (44). With a variable speed specification, it is possible, for example, to generate locally higher temperatures by means of lower speeds of movement. It is also possible to use the tuner (43) to vary the power flow in the feeder by an impedance change. When stacking a plurality of heating chambers (44), the impedance change is expediently carried out in all feeds used. When using a plurality of heating zones (44) next to or above each other, there is a minimization of the high-frequency technical coupling of the individual heating zones (44).
Fig. 9 zeigt eine Anordnung, bei der eine Mehrzahl von Heizzonen (44) in einer Transportrichtung (58) der Vor- formlinge (1) hintereinander angeordnet sind. Die einzelnen Heizzonen (44) weisen jeweils einen Abstand relativ zu einander auf. Die vorformling (1) werden bei dieser Ausführungsform mit ihren Vorformlingslängsach- sen (54) in Transportrichtung (58) bewegt. Eine Anordnung der Vorformlinge (1) kann auf Transportelementen (59) erfolgen. Auch bei dieser Ausführungsform wird eine Relativbewegung zwischen den Vorformlingen (1) und den Heizzonen (44) durch die Transportgeschwindigkeit der Vorformlinge (1) und/oder eine Bewegung der Heizzonen (44) generiert. Insbesondere ist daran gedacht, die Heizzonen (44) voneinander unabhängig zu bewegen.9 shows an arrangement in which a plurality of heating zones (44) are arranged one behind the other in a transport direction (58) of the preforms (1). The individual heating zones (44) each have a spacing relative to one another. The preform (1) will be included of this embodiment with its preform longitudinal axes (54) in the transport direction (58) moves. An arrangement of the preforms (1) can take place on transport elements (59). In this embodiment too, a relative movement between the preforms (1) and the heating zones (44) is generated by the transport speed of the preforms (1) and / or a movement of the heating zones (44). In particular, it is intended to move the heating zones (44) independently of one another.
Fig. 10 zeigt eine Zusammenstellung von blasfähigen Temperaturprofilen. Der Verlauf (60) zeigt die Temperaturverteilung über die Produktlänge für den geblasenen Behälter (2) , der Verlauf (61) die entsprechende Temperaturverteilung nach der Durchführung der Mikrowellenbeheizung für den Vorformling (1) und der Verlauf (62) die hierzu korrespondierende Temperaturverteilung bei Verwendung einer konventionellen Infrarotheizung statt der erfindungsgemäßen Mikrowellenbeheizung. Es ist insbesondere zu erkennen, daß durch die Mikrowellenbeheizung eine unerwünschte Temperierung des Mündungsbereiches des Vorformlings im Längenbereich von 0 bis 20 mm deutlich vermindert werden kann.10 shows a compilation of blowable temperature profiles. The course (60) shows the temperature distribution over the product length for the blown container (2), the course (61) the corresponding temperature distribution after carrying out the microwave heating for the preform (1) and the course (62) the corresponding temperature distribution in use a conventional infrared heater instead of microwave heating according to the invention. It can be seen in particular that the unwanted temperature control of the mouth region of the preform in the length range from 0 to 20 mm can be significantly reduced by microwave heating.
Fig. 11 zeigt eine feldartige Anordnung einer Vielzahl von Heizzonen (44) , um eine parallele Beheizung einer Vielzahl von Vorformlingen (1) zu ermöglichen. Hierdurch wird die Temperierung einer sehr hohen Anzahl von Vorformlingen je Zeiteinheit unterstützt. Durch die erfindungsgemäßen Heizelemente (30) ist es insbesondere möglich, innerhalb der Heizzone (44) eine lokale Konzentrierung der Mikrowellen hervorzurufen. Es ist hierdurch möglich, die entsprechende Konzentration der Mikrowellen gerade in demjenigen Bereich eines Innenraumes der Heizzone (44) vorzunehmen, in dem der Vorform- ling (1) angeordnet ist. Durch diese Konzentration ist es möglich, die resultierende Heizzeit zu minimieren, ohne extrem leistungsstarke Mikrowellengeneratoren (41) zu verwenden.Fig. 11 shows a field-like arrangement of a plurality of heating zones (44) to allow parallel heating of a plurality of preforms (1). As a result, the temperature of a very large number of preforms per unit time is supported. The heating elements (30) according to the invention make it possible, in particular, to cause a local concentration of the microwaves within the heating zone (44). It is thereby possible to carry out the corresponding concentration of the microwaves in that region of an inner space of the heating zone (44) in which the preform ling (1) is arranged. This concentration makes it possible to minimize the resulting heating time without using extremely powerful microwave generators (41).
Gemäß einer weiteren Ausführungsform können zur Temperierung der Vorformlinge (1) sowohl IR-Strahler als auch Mikrowellen verwendet werden. Besonders bevorzugt ist eine Beheizung eines der Mündung des Vorformlings (1) gegenüberliegenden Bodenbereiches mit IR-Strahlung, um auch hier genügend Wärmeenergie anzubringen. According to a further embodiment, both IR emitters and microwaves can be used to control the temperature of the preforms (1). Particularly preferred is a heating of the mouth of the preform (1) opposite ground area with IR radiation in order to install sufficient heat energy here.
Claims
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DE112006001499T DE112006001499A5 (en) | 2005-04-07 | 2006-03-30 | Method and device for tempering preforms |
EP06722740A EP1868785A1 (en) | 2005-04-07 | 2006-03-30 | Method and device for controlling the temperature of blanks |
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Also Published As
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DE112006001499A5 (en) | 2008-03-20 |
EP1868785A1 (en) | 2007-12-26 |
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