WO2006035775A1 - 空間光変調装置、光学処理装置、カップリングプリズム、及び、カップリングプリズムの使用方法 - Google Patents
空間光変調装置、光学処理装置、カップリングプリズム、及び、カップリングプリズムの使用方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2006035775A1 WO2006035775A1 PCT/JP2005/017754 JP2005017754W WO2006035775A1 WO 2006035775 A1 WO2006035775 A1 WO 2006035775A1 JP 2005017754 W JP2005017754 W JP 2005017754W WO 2006035775 A1 WO2006035775 A1 WO 2006035775A1
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- spatial light
- reflective
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06E—OPTICAL COMPUTING DEVICES; COMPUTING DEVICES USING OTHER RADIATIONS WITH SIMILAR PROPERTIES
- G06E3/00—Devices not provided for in group G06E1/00, e.g. for processing analogue or hybrid data
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/133362—Optically addressed liquid crystal cells
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
- G02F1/133553—Reflecting elements
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F2203/00—Function characteristic
- G02F2203/12—Function characteristic spatial light modulator
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F2203/00—Function characteristic
- G02F2203/18—Function characteristic adaptive optics, e.g. wavefront correction
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a spatial light modulator, an optical processing device, a coupling prism, and a method for using the coupling prism.
- a reflective spatial light modulator hereinafter referred to as a reflective SLM
- a transmissive spatial light modulator SLM having a reflection hologram disposed on the back side
- a prism see, for example, Patent Document 2
- the reflection type SLM is a spatial light modulation element (hereinafter referred to as SLM) that has an element reflection surface and reflects incident light.
- a transmissive SLM is an SLM that transmits incident light.
- Patent Documents 1 to 3 are displays, the deviation is not only simple illumination light that does not contain information such as parallel light or spherical waves, but also aberrations. Or, arbitrary processing such as phase modulation and amplitude modulation cannot be performed on arbitrary light such as light containing information (light including diffraction components).
- an optical processing apparatus capable of performing arbitrary phase modulation or amplitude modulation on arbitrary light using SLM
- a wavefront compensation system for example, a wavefront compensation system, a pattern forming system, a holography system, a 3D display Systems, optical information processing systems, etc. are known.
- the output light from the laser 602 passes through a lens 603, a pinhole 605, a spatial filter 604 powered by a force, and a collimating lens 6 06. It is converted into parallel light of the beam diameter and reflected as readout light SLM60 Incident on 8 at an angle.
- the reflective SLM608 displays a predetermined hologram image.
- the readout light is phase-modulated by the reflective SLM608, reflected obliquely by the element reflection surface, and emitted from the reflective SLM608.
- the readout light is Fourier transformed by the Fourier transform lens 610 to form a desired pattern on the output surface 612 (see, for example, Patent Document 4).
- the reflective SLM has a higher effective aperture ratio and less light loss than the transmissive SLM.
- a prism 624, a Fourier transform lens 626, and a reflective SLM 628 are disposed between the input surface 622 and the output surface 630.
- the readout light that has exited the input surface 622 is reflected by the slope of the prism 624 and guided to the Fourier transform lens 626.
- the readout light passes through the Fourier transform lens 626 and then enters the reflective SLM 628 obliquely.
- the readout light is modulated by the reflective SLM628 and reflected by the element reflection surface. Thereafter, the readout light passes through the Fourier transform lens 626 again, is reflected by the slope on the opposite side of the prism 624, and forms an image on the output surface 630.
- one Fourier transform lens 626 has two functions of Fourier transform on the incident side and Fourier transform on the output side (see, for example, Patent Document 4).
- Patent Document 1 JP-A-11-194330 (Pages 4-5, Fig. 1)
- Patent Document 2 JP 2002-517781 A (Pages 16-18, Fig. 5)
- Patent Document 3 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2001-4930 (Pages 4-6, Fig. 1)
- Patent Document 4 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2000-171824 (Pages 3-4, Figures 3 and 7)
- the optical axis is bent obliquely by the reflective SLM608. This makes it difficult to design, assemble and adjust the optical system.
- the pattern forming optical system 600 is constructed on a rectangular substrate, the area of the substrate becomes large and it is difficult to reduce the size.
- both incident light and outgoing light pass through the peripheral portion of the Fourier transform lens 626, and the adverse effect of off-axis aberrations increases.
- the diameter of the Fourier transform lens 626 is increased, it is difficult to design and manufacture the lens.
- the diameter of the Flier conversion lens 626 is reduced, the effective beam diameter must be reduced. More In order to sufficiently separate the incident light and the emitted light, the focal length of the Fourier transform lens 626 must be increased. Also, the focal length of the Fourier transform lens on the entrance side and the exit side cannot be made different.
- This 4f optical system 640 has an input surface 622, a Fourier transform lens 626-1, a reflective SLM 628, a Fourier transform lens 626-2, and an output surface 630.
- the distance between the input surface 622 and the Fourier transform lens 626-1 and the distance between the Fourier transform lens 626-1 and the reflective SLM628 are both equal to the focal length of the Fourier transform lens 626-1.
- the distance between the reflective SLM628 and the Fourier transform lens 626-2 and the distance between the Fourier transform lens 626-2 and the output surface 630 are both equal to the focal length of the Fourier transform lens 626-2.
- a parallel light projection optical system is disposed in front of the input surface 622, and parallel light is projected onto the input surface. According to the 4f optical system 640, the above-described problem in the 4f optical system 620 described with reference to FIG. 2 can be solved.
- the optical axis 650 on the input side and the optical axis 652 on the output side intersect obliquely at an angle that is not perpendicular. Therefore, it is not easy to accurately set the straight line formed by the optical axis 650 and the straight line formed by the optical axis 652 and accurately place the input-side and output-side optical devices on these straight lines.
- the optical axis 650 and the optical axis are The axis 652 does not coincide with the reflective SLM628, and one of the forces of the optical axis 650 and the optical axis 652 must be moved in a direction perpendicular to the optical axis.
- the reflective SLM 628 is moved along the bisector of the two optical axes 650 and 652. Since this bisector is not perpendicular to the two optical axes 650 and 652, it is difficult to move with high accuracy. In addition, since the positional accuracy of the reflective SLM628 needs to be kept high in the plane perpendicular to the bisector, position adjustment in the optical axis direction is very difficult.
- reflective SLM628-1, 628-2 two reflective SLM628s (hereinafter referred to as reflective SL M628-1, 628-2) as in the 4f optical system 660 shown in FIG. Since two reflective SLM628s are used, there are two bent portions of the optical axis, and three optical axes 654, 650, and 652 extending in different directions are generated. Lenses 626-1 and 626-2 forces S are placed between the reflective SLM628-1 and the reflective SLM628-2 and behind the reflective SLM628-2, respectively. A laser 662, a lens 664, and an aperture 666 are provided in front of the reflective SLM628-1.
- the present invention uses a reflective SLM, makes it easy to design, assemble, and adjust an optical system with high light energy utilization efficiency, and can reduce the size of the optical system. It is an object of the present invention to provide a spatial light modulation device, an optical processing device, a coupling prism, and a method for using the coupling prism that can perform arbitrary optical processing on incident light. Target.
- the present invention provides a reflective spatial light modulator provided at a position shifted from a virtual reference line in a direction perpendicular to the virtual reference line, and a virtual reference line.
- a reflective spatial light modulator provided at a position shifted from a virtual reference line in a direction perpendicular to the virtual reference line, and a virtual reference line.
- an input side reflection surface for reflecting incident light incident along the virtual reference line and making it incident obliquely as read light on the reflective spatial light modulator.
- a reflection-type spatial light modulator comprising: an output-side reflection surface that reflects the read light modulated and reflected obliquely by the reflection-type spatial light modulation element and outputs it as emitted light along a virtual reference line; Is provided with an element reflecting surface for reflecting the reading light from the input side reflecting surface, and the input side reflecting surface and the output side reflecting surface are separated by a distance L along the virtual reference straight line.
- the input side reflection surface, the output side reflection surface, and the element reflection surface are separated by an angle ⁇ 1, ⁇ 2, and ⁇ 3, respectively, with respect to the direction in which the virtual reference straight line extends.
- the input-side reflecting surface reflects incident light incident along the virtual reference straight line and makes it incident obliquely as read light on the reflective spatial light modulator.
- the reflection surface of the reflective spatial light modulator reflects the reading light of the input side reflection surface force obliquely.
- the output-side reflecting surface reflects the readout light modulated by the reflective spatial light modulator and reflected obliquely and outputs it as outgoing light.
- the emitted light is emitted along a virtual reference line. It is powered. Therefore, the chief ray of incident light incident on the input side reflecting surface of the spatial light modulator and the chief ray of outgoing light emitted from the output side reflecting surface force are on the same virtual reference line. Therefore, the entire optical system can be removed from the comparator, and the optical system can be easily designed, assembled and adjusted. Furthermore, any optical processing can be efficiently performed on any incident light by the reflective spatial light modulator.
- the input side reflection surface, the output side reflection surface, and the element reflection surface are such that the input side reflection surface reflects all incident light incident on the element reflection surface, and the element reflection surface is reflected by the input side reflection surface. And the output side reflection surface is reflected by the element reflection surface, and has a relative positional relationship that reflects all of the predetermined components of the light modulated by the reflective spatial light modulator. It is preferable.
- the element reflection surface has a size c
- the input-side reflection surface has a size al on the side far from the reflective spatial light modulation element force with respect to the virtual reference line, and a side close to the reflection spatial light modulation element.
- the size of the reflective surface on the output side is closer to the virtual reference straight line from the reflective spatial light modulator, bl, and the size of the side far from the reflective spatial light modulator is b2.
- the reflective surface has a size cl on the side close to the input-side reflective surface with respect to the optical axis of the incident light reflected by the input-side reflective surface, and the reflective spatial light modulator is 0 to
- the predetermined component is emitted at the divergence angle in the range of 0 to ⁇
- the readout light that is incident on the reflective spatial light modulator is convergent light
- OC takes a positive value
- a takes a negative value
- a predetermined value of the readout light emitted from the reflective spatial light modulator is given.
- the predetermined component is a diffraction component having a diffraction order of 1 or more and n (n is a natural number greater than 0) or less, and ⁇ and) 8 are the wavelength of incident light and the reflection type space. It is preferable that the following expressions (9) and (10) are satisfied with respect to the lattice constant d of the smallest lattice pattern that can be displayed on the light modulation element.
- the input-side reflecting surface is provided in the first mirror, and the output-side reflecting surface is provided in the second mirror provided independently of the first mirror.
- the single prism includes a first surface and a second surface formed so as to form a predetermined angle with each other, the input-side reflecting surface being the first surface, and the output-side reflecting surface being the first surface.
- the input-side reflection surface and the output-side reflection surface each receive incident light incident from the outside of the prism and reflect the incident light toward the outside of the prism.
- the input side reflection surface and the output side reflection surface are provided in a single prism. Since the input-side reflection surface and the output-side reflection surface can be integrated, the number of parts is reduced, and the design, assembly, and adjustment of the optical system are easier.
- the single coupling prism includes an input side transmission surface, a first reflection surface, a cemented transmission surface, a second reflection surface, and an output side transmission surface, and is provided with an input side transmission surface.
- the surface is provided on the virtual reference straight line, transmits incident light incident along the virtual reference straight line, guides the incident light along the virtual reference straight line, and the first reflecting surface is the virtual reference straight line.
- This is an input-side reflection surface that reflects incident light propagating through the virtual reference line from the input-side transmission surface.
- the junction transmission surface is perpendicular to the virtual reference line from the virtual reference line.
- the reflective spatial light modulator Provided at a position shifted in this direction, joined to the reflective spatial light modulator, transmits the incident light reflected by the first reflective surface and propagating through it, and is read from the reflective spatial light modulator. However, it is incident obliquely as light and is modulated obliquely by a reflective spatial light modulator.
- the emitted reading light is transmitted and propagated inside, and the second reflecting surface is set on the virtual reference straight line, and the reading light propagating inside from the junction transmitting surface is reflected and emitted.
- This is an output-side reflecting surface that propagates inside the virtual reference line as incident light, and the output-side transmitting surface is provided on the virtual reference line, and propagates inside along the second reflecting surface force virtual reference line. It is preferable to output the outgoing light along the virtual reference straight line.
- the input-side transmission surface transmits incident light incident along the virtual reference line and guides the incident light into the coupling prism along the virtual reference line.
- the first reflecting surface reflects the incident light propagating inside along the input side transmission surface force virtual reference line.
- the bonded transmission surface bonded to the reflective spatial light modulator is the first reflective surface.
- the incident light that is reflected by the light and propagates inside is transmitted and incident obliquely on the reflective spatial light modulator as readout light, and is read by the reflective spatial light modulator and reflected obliquely. Transmits light and propagates inside.
- the second reflecting surface reflects the readout light propagating inward from the bonded transmission surface and propagates the inside along the virtual reference line as outgoing light.
- the output side transmission surface outputs the outgoing light propagating inside along the second reference surface force virtual reference line to the outside along the virtual reference line.
- the input side reflection surface, the output side reflection surface, and the element reflection surface are the input side reflection surface that reflects all incident light incident on the element reflection surface
- the element reflection surface is the input side reflection surface. Reflects all of the light reflected by, and has a relative positional relationship in which the output-side reflecting surface is reflected by the element reflecting surface and reflects all of the predetermined components of the light modulated by the reflective spatial light modulator. It is preferable.
- the refractive index of the coupling prism is m
- the element reflection surface has a size c
- the input-side reflection surface is a size on the side far from the reflective spatial light modulator with respect to the virtual reference line.
- Al and the size a2 on the side close to the reflective spatial light modulator, the output-side reflective surface is close to the virtual reference line from the reflective spatial light modulator, bl, and the reflective type Spatial light modulation B2 on the side far from the element
- the element reflection surface has a size cl on the side closer to the input reflection surface with respect to the optical axis of the incident light reflected by the input reflection surface.
- the spatial light modulation element modulates the incident reading light with a convergence angle in the range of 0 to oc, and emits the predetermined component with a divergence angle in the range of 0 to ⁇ , to the reflective spatial light modulation element.
- OC takes a positive value
- OC takes a negative value
- a predetermined component of the readout light emitted from the reflective spatial light modulator diverges.
- ⁇ takes a positive value
- ⁇ takes a negative value
- ⁇ For magnitudes cl, al, a2, bl, b2 and forces a and j8, It is preferable to satisfy ⁇ (8 ⁇ .
- the predetermined component is a diffraction component having a diffraction order of 1 or more and ⁇ ( ⁇ is a natural number greater than 0) or less, and ⁇ and) 8 are the wavelength of incident light and the reflection type space. It is preferable that the following equations (9 ⁇ and (1 ( ⁇ )) are satisfied with respect to the lattice constant d of the smallest lattice pattern that can be displayed on the light modulation element.
- the reflective spatial light modulator is preferably a phase modulation type. According to this configuration, arbitrary optical processing can be performed on arbitrary incident light.
- a spatial light modulation device an input optical system provided on a virtual reference straight line that inputs incident light to the spatial light modulation device along the virtual reference straight line, and a virtual reference Spatial light modulation device power provided on the straight line and an output optical system for processing the emitted light output along the virtual reference straight line, the spatial light modulation device from the virtual reference straight line to the virtual reference straight line
- a reflective spatial light modulation element provided at a position shifted in the vertical direction and a reflection type that is provided on the virtual reference line and reflects incident light incident from the input optical system along the virtual reference line
- the reflective surface on the input side for obliquely entering the spatial light modulation element as readout light and the virtual reference straight line, which reflects the readout light modulated and reflected obliquely by the reflective spatial light modulation element.
- the reflective spatial light modulator has an element reflecting surface for reflecting the reading light of the input side reflecting surface, and includes an input reflecting surface and an output reflecting surface. Is separated by a distance L along the virtual reference line, and the element reflection surface is separated from the virtual reference line by a distance h in a direction perpendicular to the virtual reference line, and the input side reflection surface, the output side reflection surface, and The element reflecting surfaces are inclined by angles ⁇ 1, ⁇ 2, and ⁇ 3 with respect to the direction in which the virtual reference line extends, respectively, and the distances L, h, and angles ⁇ 1, ⁇ 2, and ⁇ 3 Provides an optical processing apparatus characterized by satisfying the following formulas (1) and (2).
- the input optical system and the output optical system are arranged on the virtual reference straight line. Therefore, an input side reflection surface, an output side reflection surface, and a reflective spatial light modulation element
- the position of the entire optical processing apparatus can be easily adjusted simply by adjusting the position in the direction perpendicular to the virtual reference line. This simplifies the design, assembly and adjustment of the optical system.
- the input optical system has a light source and beam conversion means for converting light from the light source into parallel light
- the output optical system is phase-modulated by a reflective spatial light modulation element and is output side reflection surface It is preferable to have a lens that Fourier transforms the reflected light.
- the light waveform pattern can be formed into an arbitrary waveform pattern, for example, by efficiently using light.
- the input optical system has a first lens for Fourier transforming the input image, and the reflective spatial light modulation element phase-transforms the Fourier transform image of the input image with a filter pattern based on the reference image.
- the modulating and output optical system preferably has a second lens that Fourier-transforms the output light of the spatial light modulator, and outputs an image showing the correlation between the input image and the reference image.
- the first lens performs a Fourier transform on the input image.
- the reflective spatial light modulation element phase-modulates the Fourier transform image of the input image with a filter pattern based on the reference image.
- the second lens outputs an image indicating the correlation between the input image and the reference image by Fourier transforming the output light having the power of the spatial light modulator. Therefore, it is possible to output an image corresponding to the correlation between the input image and the reference image by using light efficiently.
- the image processing apparatus further includes input image creation means for creating an input image
- the input image creation means includes another spatial light modulation device
- the other spatial light modulation device changes from a virtual reference line to a virtual reference line.
- Reflective spatial light modulation element provided at a position shifted in a direction perpendicular to the vertical direction
- reflective spatial light modulation provided on the virtual reference straight line to reflect incident light incident along the virtual reference straight line
- Input-side reflecting surface for obliquely entering the element as readout light and a virtual reference line, which is reflected by the reflective spatial light modulator and reflected obliquely as reflected light.
- An output-side reflective surface for outputting along a virtual reference straight line, and the reflective spatial light modulator has an element-reflecting surface for reflecting the readout light from the input-side reflective surface.
- Surface and the output-side reflective surface A distance L is separated along the line, and the element reflection surface is opposed to the virtual reference line from the virtual reference line.
- the input side reflection surface, the output side reflection surface, and the element reflection surface are separated from each other by an angle ⁇ 1, ⁇ 2, Inclined by ⁇ 3, distances L and h, and angles ⁇ 1, ⁇ 2, and ⁇ 3 satisfy Eqs. (1) and (2), and the first lens has another spatial light modulator power It is preferable to Fourier-transform the output light.
- the spatial light modulators are connected in multiple stages, so that the input image can be freely generated while using the light efficiently and also with the force.
- a light splitting element for guiding a part of the emitted light output by the spatial light modulation device, and a wavefront sensor for detecting a distortion of a wavefront of a part of the emitted light guided by the light splitting element
- a control device that feeds back a signal for correcting the distortion of the wavefront based on the detection result of the wavefront sensor to the reflective spatial light modulator of the spatial light modulator, and the wavefront compensation by the reflective spatial light modulator
- the emitted light is preferably output to the output optical system.
- the light splitting element guides a part of the emitted light output from the spatial light modulator.
- the wavefront sensor detects distortion of a part of the wavefront of the outgoing light guided by the light splitting element. Based on the detection result of the wavefront sensor, the control device feeds back a signal for correcting the distortion of the wavefront to the reflective spatial light modulator. Outgoing light wave-compensated by the reflective spatial light modulator is output to the output optical system. Therefore, phase compensation can be performed using light efficiently.
- an input-side transmission surface that is provided on a virtual reference line, transmits incident light incident along the virtual reference line and guides the incident light to the inside, and input-side transmission
- An input-side reflection surface that reflects light propagating from the surface and a position that is perpendicular to the virtual reference line from the virtual reference line, joined to the reflective spatial light modulator, and input-side reflection
- the light reflected from the surface and propagating through the inside is transmitted, and is incident on the reflective spatial light modulation element obliquely as readout light, and is modulated by the reflective spatial light modulator and reflected obliquely.
- the joint transmission surface for transmitting the reading light and propagating the inside is provided on the virtual reference line, reflecting the reading light propagating from the bonding transmission surface to the inside as the outgoing light On the output side reflective surface and the virtual reference straight line Only it is, to the outside along the outgoing light propagated through the internal output side reflecting surface forces to the virtual reference line There is provided a coupling prism comprising an output side transmission surface for outputting.
- the input side transmission surface transmits incident light incident along the virtual reference straight line and guides the incident light into the coupling prism.
- the input-side reflecting surface reflects light propagating from the input-side transmitting surface.
- the bonding surface bonded to the reflective spatial light modulator transmits the light reflected by the input-side reflective surface and propagating through it, and enters the reflective spatial light modulator obliquely as read light.
- the reading light modulated by the reflective spatial light modulator and reflected obliquely is transmitted and propagated inside.
- the output side reflecting surface reflects the reading light propagating from the bonding transmission surface and propagates it as outgoing light.
- the output side transmission surface outputs outgoing light propagating from the output side reflection surface to the outside along the virtual reference straight line.
- the chief ray of incident light incident on the input-side reflecting surface of the coupling prism and the chief ray of outgoing light emitted from the output-side reflecting surface force are on the same virtual reference line.
- the entire optical system can be removed from the comparator, and the design, assembly, and adjustment of the optical system can be facilitated.
- any optical processing can be efficiently applied to any incident light by the reflective spatial light modulator.
- an input side transmission surface that is perpendicular to the virtual reference line and transmits incident light incident along the virtual reference line, and a virtual reference line on the virtual reference line.
- the input-side reflection surface that totally reflects the light propagating from the input-side transmission surface and extends parallel to the virtual reference line, and is reflected by the input-side reflection surface.
- the output side reflecting surface for totally reflecting the light propagating from the junction transmission surface and propagating the inside along the virtual reference straight line as outgoing light, and on the virtual reference straight line
- Ru provide a coupling prism, characterized in that it comprises an output side transmission surface and outputting to the outside along the outgoing light propagated through the inside along an imaginary reference line to a virtual reference line, the.
- a coupling prism having a powerful structure has a cemented transmission surface in contact with a reflective spatial light modulator. Use together.
- the input side transmission surface transmits incident light incident along the virtual reference line.
- the input side reflection surface totally reflects light propagating from the input side transmission surface.
- Junction The transmission surface transmits the light reflected and propagated by the input-side reflection surface and enters the reflective spatial light modulator at an angle as read light, and is modulated by the reflective spatial light modulator. Then, the reading light reflected obliquely is transmitted and propagated inside.
- the output-side reflecting surface totally reflects the light propagating from the bonded transmission surface, and propagates the interior along the virtual reference straight line as outgoing light.
- the output side transmission surface outputs outgoing light propagating from the output side reflection surface along the virtual reference line to the outside along the virtual reference line. Therefore, the principal ray of the incident light incident on the input side reflection surface of the coupling prism and the principal ray of the emission light emitted from the output side reflection surface are on the same virtual reference line. Since the incident light and the incident transmission surface are perpendicular to each other, and the outgoing light and the emission transmission surface are perpendicular to each other, stray light inside the coupling prism can be reduced. Since total reflection is performed on the input-side reflection surface and output-side reflection surface, surface processing is not required. By using a coupling prism, the entire optical system can be compacted, and the design, assembly, and adjustment of the optical system are facilitated. Further, any optical processing can be efficiently performed on any incident light by the reflective spatial light modulator.
- the first side surface and the second side surface are connected to each other at a 90 ° angle with a pentagonal prism shape having the first to fifth side surfaces in this order, and the second side surface And the third side are connected to each other at an angle of 90 °, the third side surface and the fourth side surface are connected to each other at an angle of 90 ° — ⁇ 2, and the fourth side surface and the fifth side surface are connected to each other.
- Reflective type with element reflection surface providing a coupling prism with 180 ° + 1 + 2 connected to each other and the 5th side and 1st side connected to each other at 90 ° - ⁇ 1
- the spatial light modulation element is joined to the second side so that the element reflection surface extends parallel to the second side, the virtual reference straight line passes through the first side and the fifth side, and the fifth side
- the side surface of the element and the fourth side surface are separated by a distance along the virtual reference line, and the element reflection surface is separated from the virtual reference line in a direction perpendicular to the virtual reference line.
- the fifth side surface, the fourth side surface, and the element reflecting surface are inclined with respect to the direction in which the virtual reference straight line extends by angles ⁇ 1, ⁇ 2, and ⁇ 3, respectively, and the distances L, h, and
- the coupling prism is hypothesized so that the angles ⁇ 1, ⁇ 2, and ⁇ 3 satisfy the following expressions (1 ′) and (2 ′): Arranged against the reference straight line,
- the first side surface transmits incident light incident along the virtual reference line and guides the incident light into the coupling prism.
- the fifth side reflects light propagating inward from the first side.
- the second side surface joined to the reflective spatial light modulator transmits the light reflected and propagated by the fifth lateral surface, and obliquely as read light to the reflective spatial light modulator.
- the reading light that is incident and modulated by the reflective spatial light modulator and reflected obliquely is transmitted and propagated inside.
- the fourth side reflects the reading light propagating from the second side and propagates it as outgoing light.
- the third side outputs the outgoing light propagating inside the fourth side force to the outside along the virtual reference line.
- the principal ray of the incident light incident on the first side surface of the coupling prism and the principal ray of the emitted light emitted from the third side surface are on the same virtual reference line.
- the refractive index of the coupling prism is m
- the element reflection surface has a size c
- the fifth side surface is a reflection-type spatial light modulation element force far away from the virtual reference line. al and the size a2 on the side close to the reflective spatial light modulator, and the fourth side has a size bl on the side close to the reflective spatial light modulator with respect to the virtual reference line, and the reflective space
- An optical axis of incident light having a size b2 on the side far from the light modulation element and the reflection surface of which is reflected by the fifth side face
- the reflective spatial light modulation element modulates the reading light incident at a convergence angle in the range of 0 to ⁇ , and the predetermined component is obtained.
- the predetermined component is a diffraction component having a diffraction order of 1 or more and ⁇ ( ⁇ is a natural number greater than 0) or less, ⁇ and) 8 are the wavelength of incident light and the reflection type It is preferable that the following expressions (9 ⁇ and (1 ( ⁇ )) are satisfied for the lattice constant d of the smallest lattice pattern that can be displayed on the spatial light modulator.
- a pentagonal prism shape having a first side, a second side, a third side, a fourth side, and a fifth side in this order is provided. The first side and the second side are connected at 90 ° to each other, the second side and the third side are connected at 90 ° to each other, and the third side and the fourth side are connected.
- the fourth side surface (57) and the fifth side surface (55) are connected to each other at 180 ° + 1 + 2, and the fifth side surface (55 ) And the first ⁇ J plane (54) are connected to each other with a force of 90 ⁇ 1, ⁇ 1, ⁇ 2 force O 0 ⁇ 1 ⁇ 90 °, 0. ⁇ Coupling prisms characterized by satisfying ⁇ 2 ⁇ 90 °.
- a reflective spatial light modulation element having an element reflecting surface is bonded to the coupling prism having a powerful structure with respect to the second side surface so that the element reflecting surface extends parallel to the second side surface.
- the virtual reference line passes through the first side surface and the fifth side surface, and the fifth side surface and the fourth side surface are separated from each other by a distance L along the virtual reference line, and the element reflection surface is virtual from the virtual reference line.
- the fifth side surface, the fourth side surface, and the element reflecting surface are separated by a distance h in a direction perpendicular to the reference straight line, and the angles ⁇ 1 and ⁇ 2 are respectively relative to the direction in which the virtual reference straight line extends.
- ⁇ 3 only Inclination, distance L, h, and angles ⁇ 1, ⁇ 2, ⁇ 3 satisfy the following formulas (1 ') and (2') so that the coupling prism is a virtual reference line Preferable to place against.
- the first side surface transmits the incident light incident along the virtual reference line and transmits the incident light inside the coupling prism.
- the fifth side reflects light propagating from the first side.
- the second side surface joined to the reflective spatial light modulator transmits the light reflected by the fifth lateral surface and propagates inside, and enters the reflective spatial light modulator obliquely as read light. Transmitting the reading light modulated by the reflective spatial light modulator and reflected obliquely And propagate inside.
- the fourth side reflects the reading light propagating from the second side and propagates it as outgoing light.
- the third side outputs the outgoing light transmitted from the fourth side to the outside along the virtual reference line.
- the chief ray of incident light incident on the first side surface of the coupling prism and the chief ray of outgoing light emitted from the third side surface are on the same virtual reference line.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a configuration of a conventional optical processing apparatus (pattern forming optical system).
- FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a configuration of another conventional optical processing apparatus (4f optical system).
- FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a configuration of a 4f optical system obtained by improving the 4f optical system of FIG.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram for explaining a problem that occurs in the position adjustment of the reflective SLM in the optical processing apparatus of FIG.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram showing a configuration of another 4f optical system obtained by applying the 4f optical system of FIG.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram showing a configuration of a spatial light modulation device according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 7 is a diagram showing a configuration of a reflective SLM provided in the spatial light modulation device according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 8 is a diagram showing the positional relationship between the chief ray of readout light, the reflective SLM, and two mirrors in the spatial light modulation device of FIG.
- FIG. 9 is a diagram illustrating a state in which readout light is reflected in the spatial light modulation device in FIG.
- FIG. 10 is a diagram showing a state in which the principal ray and the marginal ray of the input light beam are reflected on the input side reflection surface in the spatial light modulation device of FIG.
- FIG. 11 is a diagram showing a state in which the principal ray and the marginal ray of the output light beam are reflected on the output side reflection surface in the spatial light modulation device of FIG.
- FIG. 12 is a straight light path diagram in which reflections at the respective reflecting surfaces in the spatial light modulator of FIG. 6 are developed.
- FIG. 13 is a diagram showing a configuration of an optical processing apparatus (4f optical system) that employs the spatial light modulator of FIG.
- FIG. 14 is a view for explaining the position adjustment of the reflective SLM in the optical processing apparatus of FIG.
- FIG. 15 is a diagram illustrating a configuration of a spatial light modulation device according to a second embodiment.
- FIG. 16 is a diagram showing a configuration of an optical processing device (waveform shaping optical system) that employs the spatial light modulation device of FIG.
- FIG. 17 is a diagram showing a configuration of another optical processing device (4f optical system) that employs the spatial light modulator of FIG.
- FIG. 18 is a diagram showing a configuration of another optical processing device (4f optical system) that employs the spatial light modulator of FIG.
- FIG. 19 is a diagram showing a configuration of another optical processing device (wavefront compensation optical system) that employs the spatial light modulation device of FIG.
- FIG. 20 is a diagram showing a configuration of a spatial light modulation device according to a third embodiment.
- FIG. 21 is a diagram showing a configuration of a spatial light modulation device according to a fourth embodiment.
- FIG. 22] is a diagram showing a positional relationship among the reflective SLM, the input-side reflection surface, and the output-side reflection surface in the spatial light modulation device according to the modified example.
- optical processor 100 optical processor 200 optical processor 300 optical processor 302 input surface
- a spatial light modulation device, an optical processing device, a coupling prism, and a method of using the coupling prism according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
- the spatial light modulation device 1 includes a mirror 3, a reflective spatial light modulator 5 (hereinafter referred to as a reflective SLM5), and a mirror 7. ing.
- the reflective SLM 5 is arranged at a position shifted from the predetermined virtual reference line 9 in a direction perpendicular to the virtual reference line 9.
- the reflective SLM 5 includes a modulation unit 5a, a mirror layer 5b, and an address unit 5d.
- the surface on the modulation section 5a side of the mirror layer 5b defines the element reflection surface 5c.
- the modulation unit 5a is arranged so as to face the virtual reference straight line 9.
- the mirrors 3 and 7 are both arranged on the virtual reference straight line 9.
- the mirrors 3 and 7 are both arranged obliquely with respect to the virtual reference straight line 9. More specifically, the mirrors 3 and 7 are arranged in a “C” shape on the virtual reference straight line 9.
- the mirror 3 has an input side reflection surface Ml
- the mirror 7 has an output side reflection surface M2.
- Read light enters the input side reflecting surface Ml as an input beam along a virtual reference line 9 from an input side optical system (not shown). That is, the principal ray (optical axis) 11 of the input beam travels along the virtual reference line 9.
- the input side reflection surface Ml reflects the readout light to the reflective SLM5.
- the readout light incident on the reflective SLM5 is modulated when propagating through the modulator 5a, reflected by the element reflecting surface 5c, propagated again through the modulator 5a, further modulated, and then emitted from the reflective SLM5. .
- the readout light is reflected by the output-side reflecting surface M2, travels along the virtual reference line 9 as an output beam, exits from the spatial light modulator 1, and is output to an output-side optical system (not shown).
- the principal ray (optical axis) 17 of the output beam also travels along the virtual reference line 9.
- a path along which the input beam principal ray 11 and the output beam principal ray 17 pass is defined as the optical axis in the spatial light modulator 1.
- the angle change of the optical axis of the readout light due to the reflection on the input side reflection surface Ml, reflection type SLM5, and output side reflection surface M2 all occurs within the paper surface of FIG. It is assumed that there is no change in the angle of the optical axis.
- the reflective SLM5 is, for example, a parallel-aligned nematic liquid crystal spatial light modulation (Parallel-Aligned nematic-Licuid-cnstal Spaciai Light Modula tor: hereinafter referred to as PAL-SLM),
- the modulation section 5a includes a nematic liquid crystal layer 500 in a horizontal alignment state, a transparent electrode 501, and a transparent substrate 502.
- the mirror layer 5b is composed of a multilayer dielectric layer 503.
- the surface on the liquid crystal layer 500 side of the multilayer dielectric layer 503 defines the element reflecting surface 5c.
- the address portion 5d includes a photoconductive layer 504, a transparent electrode 505, and a transparent substrate 506.
- the refractive index distribution of the liquid crystal layer 500 changes.
- the readout light enters the liquid crystal layer 500 through the transparent substrate 502 and the transparent electrode 501, is phase-modulated by the liquid crystal layer 500, and is reflected by the multilayer dielectric layer 503.
- the readout light is converted into phase-modulated light having a phase distribution corresponding to a desired intensity distribution, and is emitted from the reflective SLM5.
- the liquid crystal layer 500 can only modulate the phase of the readout light.
- a relay lens 540, a liquid crystal display (hereinafter referred to as LCD) 530, a collimator lens 520, and a writing light source 510 are opposed to the address part 5d of the reflective SLM5. It is okay to place it.
- the writing light source 510 emits writing light having a uniform intensity distribution.
- the collimating lens 520 converts writing light into parallel light.
- the LCD 530 is a transmissive electric address type intensity modulation type spatial light modulator.
- the LCD 530 is electrically addressed by a signal input from a control unit (not shown), and converts the incident parallel light into intensity modulated light having a desired intensity distribution.
- the relay lens 540 forms an image of the intensity-modulated light on the reflective SLM5.
- the reflective SLM 5, the writing light source 510, the collimating lens 520, the LCD 530, and the relay lens 540 may be housed in a housing and configured as the phase modulation module 6.
- the phase modulation module 6 by arranging the phase modulation module 6 with respect to the mirrors 3 and 7 as shown in FIG. 7, the positional relationship between the reflective SLM5 and the mirrors 3 and 7 is the same as that shown in FIG. can do.
- phase modulation module 6 for example, an electrical address type liquid crystal phase modulation module is used.
- SLMX7550 trade name, manufactured by Hamamatsu Photonics Co., Ltd.
- the point where the input chief ray 11 is incident on the input side reflecting surface Ml is a point A
- the point where the chief ray of the light reflected by the input side reflecting surface Ml is incident on the reflective SLM5 is a point.
- C reflection type S
- the point where the principal ray of the light modulated by the LM5 and reflected by the element reflection surface 5c is incident on the output-side reflection surface M2 is point B.
- a straight line A—B connecting points A and B is located on the virtual reference line 9.
- the input-side reflecting surface Ml extends in a direction that forms an angle ⁇ 1 with respect to the virtual reference line 9.
- the output-side reflecting surface M2 extends in a direction that forms an angle ⁇ 2 with respect to the virtual reference line 9.
- the element reflecting surface 5c extends in a direction that forms an angle ⁇ 3 with respect to the virtual reference line 9.
- ⁇ 1 and ⁇ 3 take positive values counterclockwise from the virtual reference line 9 in FIG.
- ⁇ 2 takes a positive value in the clockwise direction from the virtual reference line 9 in FIG.
- ⁇ 1 and ⁇ 2 are 0 ° ⁇ 1 ⁇ 90 ° and 0. ⁇ 2 ⁇ 90 ° is satisfied. That is, the input-side reflecting surface Ml and the output-side reflecting surface M2 extend obliquely with respect to the virtual reference straight line 9.
- the element reflecting surface 5c extends obliquely or parallel to the virtual reference line 9.
- both ends of the input-side reflection surface Ml be point Al and point A2.
- point A2 is located on the reflective SLM5 side from the virtual reference line 9.
- Point A1 is located on the opposite side of reflective SLM5 from virtual reference line 9.
- the length of line segment Al—A2 is a
- the length of line segment A—A1 is al
- the length of line segment A A2 is a2.
- Both ends of the output-side reflecting surface M2 are point Bl and point B2.
- point B1 is located on the reflective SLM5 side from the virtual reference line 9
- point B2 is located on the opposite side of the reflective reference SLM5 from the virtual reference line 9.
- the length of line B1-B2 is b, the length of line B-B1 is bl, and the length of line B-B2 is b2.
- the two end points of the element reflecting surface 5c are point C1 and point C2.
- Point C1 is located closer to the input reflecting surface Ml than the output reflecting surface M2, and point C2 is located closer to and closer to the output reflecting surface M2 than the input reflecting surface Ml.
- the length of the line segment C1 C2 (that is, the effective diameter of the reflective SLM5) is c, the length of the line segment C C1 is cl, and the length of the line segment C-C2 is c2.
- the point C force is also the point D of the perpendicular line to the segment A—B, the length of the perpendicular CD h, and the length of the segment A—B L.
- the angles ⁇ 1, ⁇ 2, and ⁇ 3 and the lengths L and h have the following relationships (1) and (2).
- the input main light beam 11 incident on the input-side reflecting surface Ml not only travels along the virtual reference line 9, but also on the output-side reflecting surface M2. It is ensured that the reflected output principal ray 17 also travels along the virtual reference line 9. In other words, it is ensured that the output chief ray 17 is located on the extension of the input chief ray 11 (condition 1)!
- the readout light (input light beam) is incident from a not-shown input optical system along the virtual reference line 9 at a convergence angle ranging from 0 to ⁇ . I will come.
- a takes a positive value
- a takes a negative value.
- the beam diameter when the reading light (input light beam) enters the reflective SLM 5 is equal to the length c of the element reflecting surface 5c.
- the readout light modulated by the reflective SLM5 and reflected by the element reflecting surface 5c is emitted from the reflective SLM5.
- a desired component that is, a desired component desired to be output from the spatial light modulator 1 out of the readout light is emitted as an output light beam at a divergence angle in a range from 0 to 0.
- ⁇ takes a positive value when the output light beam is divergent light
- ⁇ takes a negative value when the output light beam is convergent light.
- the absolute values of a and ⁇ are sufficiently small, and the change in the cross-sectional shape of the light beam due to the light converging / diverging near the reflective SLM5 is negligible. Therefore, the length of the input light beam along the element reflection surface 5c near the element reflection surface 5c is substantially equal to the length c of the element reflection surface 5c.
- the length along the element reflection surface 5c near the element reflection surface 5c of the force light beam is substantially equal to the length c of the element reflection surface 5c.
- FIG. 9 as in FIG. 8, for the sake of clarity, only the mirror layer 5b of the reflective SLM 5 is shown, and the modulation unit 5a and the address unit 5d are not shown.
- angles ⁇ 1, ⁇ 2 and the lengths c, cl, h, al, a2, bl, b2, L are as follows: The following relationships (3) to (8) are satisfied.
- light rays that define the outermost part of the input light beam are input edge light rays 13 and 15. Enter The force edge rays 13 and 15 propagate in a direction that forms a convergence angle ⁇ with respect to the input principal ray 11. Since the input light is symmetric with respect to the input chief ray 11 (optical axis), the intensities of the input marginal rays 13 and 15 are equal to each other. That is, the intensity of the input marginal rays 13 and 15 is a predetermined proportion of the intensity of the input principal ray 11.
- the light rays that define the outermost part of the output light beam are output edge light rays 19 and 21. The output light beam is symmetric with respect to the output chief ray 17 (optical axis).
- the output marginal rays 19 and 21 propagate in a direction that forms a divergence angle
- the input principal ray 11 is reflected by a dot on the mirror 3 to be a reflection type. It reaches point C of SLM5.
- the input edge ray 13 is reflected at another point on the mirror 3 (a point between the end point A1 and the point A) and reaches one end C1 of the element reflection surface 5c of the reflection type SL M5.
- the other input edge ray 15 is reflected at another point on the mirror 3 (a point between the end point A2 and the point A) and reaches the other end C2 of the element reflecting surface 5c of the reflective SLM5.
- the entire input light beam is reflected by the mirror 3 to reach the reflection type SLM5 and is modulated by the reflection type SLM5.
- the output principal ray 17 is reflected at a point B on the mirror 7.
- the output edge ray 19 is emitted from one end C1 of the element reflecting surface 5c of the SLM 5 and reflected at a point on the mirror 7 (a point between the end point B1 and the point B).
- the other output edge ray 21 is reflected at another point on the mirror 7 (a point between the end points B2 and B). In this way, the entire output light beam of the desired component output from the reflective SLM 5 is reflected by the mirror 7 and guided to an output side optical system (not shown).
- FIG. 12 shows the input side reflection surface Ml
- element reflection FIG. 6 is a straight light path diagram in which reflection on each surface of the surface 5c and the output-side reflection surface M2 is developed.
- ⁇ is the diffraction angle of the ⁇ -order diffracted light.
- the diffraction angle ⁇ of the ⁇ -order diffracted light is given by the following equation (10).
- d is the lattice constant of the smallest lattice pattern that can be displayed on the reflective SLM5 (the distance between the centers of adjacent stripes), and ⁇ is the wavelength of the readout light.
- the convergence angle ex of the input light incident from the input optical system and the desired diffraction order ⁇ [In contrast, the parameters ⁇ 1, () 2, c, cl, h, al, a2, bl, b2, If L is selected to satisfy Equations (1) to (10), the input light can be effectively applied to the reflective SLM5. Furthermore, 1 ⁇ ! Obtained with reflective SLM5! ! The next-order diffracted light can be effectively output from the spatial light modulator 1.
- the input principal ray 11 and the output principal Since both rays 17 travel along the virtual reference line 9, when the input side optical system and the output side optical system are combined with the spatial light modulator 1, both the input side optical system and the output side optical system are virtual. It can be placed on the reference line 9. Therefore, the design, assembly, and position adjustment of the entire optical system are extremely easy, and the entire optical system can be made compact.
- a plurality of spatial light modulators 1 can be connected in multiple stages along a single virtual reference line 9.
- the reflective SLM5 can perform arbitrary modulation on an arbitrary input light beam and can perform arbitrary optical processing.
- the input-side reflecting surface Ml is configured by the mirror 3 and the output-side reflecting surface is configured by the mirror 7, the configuration of the entire spatial light modulator 1 is simplified.
- the length of the mirrors 3 and 7 is determined according to the length c (effective area) of the reflective SLM 5, the entire spatial light modulator 1 can be manufactured easily and inexpensively.
- the reflective SLM5 is difficult and expensive to manufacture compared to the mirrors 3 and 7, whereas the mirrors 3 and 7 are easy to manufacture and inexpensive.
- the parameters ⁇ 1, 2, c, cl, h, al, a2, bl, b2, L are expressed by the following formula for the convergence angle a of the input beam incident from the input optical system and the desired value ⁇ . If selected so that 11) to (16) are satisfied, the output chief ray 17 is on the extension of the input chief ray 11 (condition 1), and all the input beams to the input side reflecting surface Ml are reflected on the input side. All the beams reflected by the surface Ml (Condition 2) and reflected by the input-side reflective surface Ml are incident on the reflective SLM5 (Condition 3) and all necessary components of the beam modulated by the reflective SLM5 Is reflected by the output-side reflecting surface M2 (condition 4). Since the element reflecting surface 5c is parallel to the virtual reference line 9, the design, assembly and adjustment of the optical system becomes easier.
- the input-side optical system includes, for example, a pinhole (aperture) and a lens so that the reading light (input light beam) force has a convergence angle in the range of 0 to ⁇ , and the element It is possible to ensure that the light enters the reflective SLM5 with a beam diameter c equal to the length c of the reflective surface 5c. it can.
- the input edge rays 13 and 15 are rays that have passed through the edge of the pinhole.
- an input-side optical system causes the readout light (input light beam) to enter the spatial light modulator 1 with an arbitrary convergence angle and an arbitrary beam diameter.
- the positional relationship among the input-side reflecting surface Ml, output-side reflecting surface M2, and element reflecting surface 5c must be set so as to satisfy Equations (1) to (8) or Equations (11) to (16).
- Equations (1) to (8) or Equations (11) to (16) are input.
- All of the readout light reflected by the side reflective surface Ml and reflected by the input side reflective surface Ml is incident on the reflective SLM5, modulated by the reflective SLM5, and emitted from the reflective SLM5 at an angle of 0 to ⁇ . It can be ensured that all desired components of the reading light are reflected by the output-side reflecting surface ⁇ 2.
- the optical processing device 80 includes a light source 81, a pinhole 83, a collimating lens 82, an input surface 84, a Fourier transform lens 86, a spatial light modulator 1, a Fourier transform lens 88, and an output. It has surface 90.
- the optical processing device 80 is a 4f optical system (Fourier transform optical system) that outputs a pattern indicating the correlation between the input image displayed on the input surface 84 and the reference image displayed on the reflective SLM 5.
- the light source 81, the pinhole 83, the collimating lens 82, and the input surface 84 constitute the input optical system I.
- the light source 81, the pinhole 83, and the collimating lens 82 constitute the parallel light projecting optical system R.
- the Fourier transform lens 88 and the output surface 90 constitute the output optical system O.
- the spatial light modulator 1 includes mirrors 3 and 7 and a reflective SLM5.
- the reflective SLM 5 is, for example, the PAL-SLM described with reference to FIG. 7, and is also incorporated in the phase modulation module 6 described with reference to FIG. In FIG. 13, only the reflective SLM5 is shown for clarity!
- the light source 81 is a laser and emits linearly polarized light having a predetermined wavelength as readout light.
- the pinhole 83 and the collimating lens 82 convert the readout light into parallel light having a predetermined beam diameter. Therefore, parallel light having a predetermined beam diameter is projected onto the input surface 84.
- the input surface 84 is provided with a device (for example, a transmissive object such as a film or a mask displaying the input image) that changes the light intensity and / or phase of the projected parallel light according to the input image. Is placed.
- the input light (input image) modulated by the input surface 84 is Fourier-transformed by the Fourier transform lens 86 and enters the reflective SLM 5 via the mirror 3.
- the input light is incident on the reflective SLM 5 at the convergence angle a and the beam diameter c.
- the reflective SLM5 displays a filter pattern created based on the reference image, and modulates and outputs the input image incident on the reflective SLM5.
- the output light is reflected by the mirror 7 and propagates along the virtual reference line 9, is Fourier transformed by the Fourier transform lens 88, and outputs a correlation pattern on the output surface 90.
- the reflective SLM 5 is arranged at a position shifted from the virtual reference line 9 in a direction perpendicular to the virtual reference line 9.
- Mirrors 3, 7, and reflection type SLM5 satisfy equations (11) to (16), (9), and (10) for the convergence angle ⁇ of the input light beam and the desired maximum diffraction order n. To be arranged.
- the optical processing device 80 all of the input light output from the input optical system I is incident on the mirror 3, and all components of the light reflected by the mirror 3 are incident on the reflective SLM5. All necessary components (1 to n-order diffracted light) of the light modulated in step 4 are reflected by the mirror 7 and Fourier-transformed by the Fourier transform lens 88. Therefore, the light utilization efficiency can be increased, and the advantages of the reflective SLM5 with a high effective aperture ratio can be utilized.
- the input optical system I and the output optical system O are arranged on the virtual reference line 9, and both the optical axis 91 of the input light and the optical axis 92 of the output light are on the virtual reference line 9. positioned.
- the mold SLM5 is in a position that is vertically offset from the virtual reference line 9.
- the light source 81, the pin Honoré 83, the collimating lens 82, the input surface 84, the Fourier transform lens 86, the Fourier transform lens 88, and the output surface 90 are all the virtual reference straight line 9 with respect to the virtual reference straight line 9. It is arranged in a direction that penetrates perpendicularly.
- the input optical system I, the output optical system O, and the reflective SLM 5 are arranged in parallel or perpendicular to the single virtual reference line 9. Since the housing of the reflective SLM5 is generally a rectangular parallelepiped, it is easy to match the reflective SLM5 with the input optical system and the output optical system, and it is easy to design the entire optical processing device 80 compactly. Further, when the entire optical processing apparatus 80 is provided on the substrate, the single virtual reference straight line 9 may be set on the substrate, so that machining is facilitated. Therefore, it is easy to design and assemble the optical system.
- the element reflection surface 5c of the reflective SLM5 is arranged so as to be parallel to the virtual reference line 9, a line parallel to the virtual reference line 9 is used as a reference for the position of the element reflection surface 5c. This makes it easier to design and assemble optical systems. Further, since the input optical system I and the output optical system O are separated from the reflective SLM 5, the optical adjustment of the input optical system I and the output optical system O may be performed on the virtual reference line 9.
- the input surface 84, the Fourier transform lens 86, the Fourier transform lens 88, and the output surface 90 are arranged in such a direction that the virtual reference straight line 9 passes through the virtual reference straight line 9 perpendicularly to the virtual reference straight line 9, Parallel lines and vertical lines with respect to the virtual reference line 9 can be used for optical adjustment. Therefore, optical adjustment becomes easy.
- the reflective SLM5 is moved from a position I indicated by a solid line to a position II indicated by a broken line.
- the mirror 3 and the mirror 7 are also moved from the position indicated by the solid line to the position indicated by the broken line in a direction perpendicular to the virtual reference line 9.
- Positional force between reflective SLM5 and mirrors 3 and 7 If the equation (12) is satisfied both before and after the movement (broken line), the optical axis 91 of the input light and the optical axis 92 of the output light Keeps on the virtual reference line 9.
- the triangle ACB formed by the optical path A—CB before movement and the triangle A ′ C ′ B ′ formed by the optical path A′—C ′ B ′ after movement are similar to each other.
- the length of line segment AB be length L
- the point where the perpendicular line from point to line segment AB intersects line segment AB is point D
- the length of line segment CD is length h.
- the optical path length from the mirror 3 before the movement to the reflective SLM5 is A'A + AC, and after the movement is the length A'C.
- Length A'A is (w–l) hZtan (2 (i) 1)
- length AC is hZsin (2 (i) 1)
- the position adjustment of the reflective SLM5 to adjust the optical path length is facilitated by moving the reflective SL M5 and the mirrors 3 and 7 in a direction perpendicular to the virtual reference line 9. It is not necessary to move the optical axes 91 and 92 related to the optical devices of the input optical system I and the output optical system O. Therefore, the position adjustment in the optical axis direction of the optical devices of the input optical system I and the output optical system O and the position adjustment in the direction perpendicular to the optical axis of the reflective SLM5 and the two mirrors 3 and 7 are performed independently of each other. It can be carried out.
- ⁇ 3 may not be zero (0). That is, the element reflection surface 5c of the reflection type SL M5 may not be parallel to the virtual reference line 9.
- the mirrors 3 and 7 and the reflective SLM 5 may be arranged so as to satisfy the equations (1) to (8) instead of the equations (11) to (16). Even if the angle ⁇ 3 formed by the reflective SLM5 and the virtual reference line 9 is not zero, the reflective SLM5 and the mirrors 3 and 7 are connected to the virtual reference line 9 in the same manner as described with reference to FIG. The optical path length can be adjusted simply by moving in the vertical direction.
- the spatial light modulator 30 is the first except that a prism 32 is provided instead of the mirrors 3 and 7. This is the same as the spatial light modulation device 1 according to the first embodiment. Therefore, the spatial light modulation device 30 includes the reflective SLM 5 and the prism 32.
- members having the same functions and configurations as those of the spatial light modulator 1 are denoted by the same reference numerals. For the sake of clarity, only the mirror layer 5b of the reflective SLM 5 is shown, and the modulation unit 5a and the address unit 5d are not shown.
- the reflective SLM 5 is, for example, the PAL-SLM described with reference to FIG. 7, and may be incorporated in the phase modulation module 6 (FIG. 7).
- the prism 32 is a triangular prism having a triangular cross section. Of the three surfaces SI, S2, S3 (outer surface) that make up the triangular prism, two surfaces SI, S2 are treated to increase the reflectivity. These two surfaces SI and S2 function as the input-side reflecting surface Ml and the output-side reflecting surface M2, respectively.
- the input-side reflecting surface Ml and the output-side reflecting surface M2 are positioned on the virtual reference line 9, and the remaining one surface S3 is shifted from the virtual reference line 9 in a direction perpendicular to the virtual reference line 9. Arranged to be in the right position! Speak.
- the input-side reflecting surface Ml reflects the input light incident along the virtual reference line 9 to the reflective SLM5.
- the reflective SLM5 modulates and reflects the input light reflected by the input-side reflecting surface Ml.
- the output-side reflecting surface M2 reflects the light from the reflective SLM 5 and outputs it along the virtual reference line 9.
- the input side reflecting surface Ml, the output side reflecting surface M2, and the element reflecting surface 5c are arranged such that the end point A2 of the input side reflecting surface Ml and the end point B1 of the output side reflecting surface M2 are the same. 8 is the same as the positional relationship among the input-side reflecting surface Ml, the output-side reflecting surface M2, and the element reflecting surface 5c in the first embodiment described with reference to FIG.
- the point where the input chief ray 11 is incident on the input side reflecting surface Ml is point A, and the chief ray of the light reflected by the input side reflecting surface Ml is incident on the reflective SLM5.
- the point C is the point where the principal ray of the light modulated by the reflective SLM5 and reflected by the element reflecting surface 5c is incident on the output-side reflecting surface M2.
- a straight line A—B connecting point A and point B is located on the virtual reference line 9.
- the angle between the input-side reflecting surface Ml and the virtual reference line 9 is ⁇ 1
- the angle between the output-side reflecting surface M2 and the virtual reference line 9 is ⁇ 2
- the angle between the element reflecting surface 5c and the virtual reference line 9 Is defined as ⁇ 3.
- ⁇ 1 and ⁇ 3 take positive values in the counterclockwise direction from the virtual reference line 9 in FIG. ⁇ 2 is clockwise from the virtual reference line 9 in FIG. The direction is set to a positive value. ⁇ 1, ⁇ 2 ⁇ , 0 ° ⁇ 1 ⁇ 90 °, 0. Satisfying ⁇ 2 ⁇ 90 °.
- the length of the line segment Al— ⁇ 2 is a
- the length of the line segment A—Al is al
- the length of the line segment A—A2 is Let a2.
- the length of line B1—B2 is b
- the length of line B—B1 is bl
- the length of line B—B2 is b2 with respect to points Bl and B2 at both ends of the output-side reflecting surface M2.
- the length of the line segment C1 C2 (that is, the effective diameter of the reflective SLM5) is c
- the length of the line segment C C1 is cl
- the line segment C— C2 Let c2 be the length of.
- the point C force is defined as point D for the foot of the perpendicular to line A—B, h for the length of perpendicular CD, and L for the length of line A—B.
- the readout light (input light beam) is converged at a convergence angle in the range of 0 to ⁇ along the virtual reference line 9 from an input optical system (not shown). And enter. Further, it is assumed that the beam diameter when the reading light (input light beam) enters the reflective SLM 5 is equal to the length c of the element reflecting surface 5c. The readout light modulated by the reflective SLM5 and reflected by the element reflecting surface 5c is emitted from the reflective SLM5.
- a desired component that is, a desired component desired to be output from the spatial light modulator 30
- the input-side reflecting surface Ml, the output-side reflecting surface ⁇ 2, and the element reflecting surface 5c have the convergence angle value ⁇ and the desired divergence angle value ⁇ with the equations (1) to (8), Or, the relationship of equations (11) to (16) is satisfied.
- the expressions (1) to (8) or the expressions (11) to (16) are obtained with respect to the convergence angle ⁇ and the desired diffraction order ⁇ .
- the input-side reflecting surface Ml All of the incident light on the prism 32 is reflected by the input-side reflecting surface Ml, and all of the incident light reflected by the input-side reflecting surface Ml enters the reflective SLM5 as readout light, Further, all the desired components of the readout light modulated by the reflective SLM 5 are reflected by the output side reflecting surface M 2 of the prism 32. Therefore, it is possible to increase the light utilization efficiency and take advantage of the reflective SLM5 with a high effective aperture ratio.
- the input-side reflecting surface Ml and the output-side reflecting surface M2 are provided in the single prism 32, so that the total number of parts is reduced and the configuration is further simplified. Have been deceived
- optical processing device 60 that employs the spatial light modulation device 30 will be described with reference to FIG.
- the optical processing device 60 is a device for performing waveform shaping.
- the optical processing device 60 includes a laser 62, a lens 64, a pinhole 66, a collimating lens 68, a spatial light modulator 30, a Fourier transform lens 70, and an output surface 72.
- the laser 62, the lens 64, the pinhole 66, and the collimating lens 68 constitute the input optical system I.
- the input optical system I also functions as a parallel projection optical system R.
- the Fourier transform lens 70 and the output surface 72 constitute an output optical system.
- the spatial light modulator 30 has a prism 32 and a reflective SLM5.
- the reflection type SLM5 is, for example, the PAL-SLM described with reference to FIG. 7, and is also incorporated in the phase modulation module 6 described with reference to FIG. However, in FIG. 16, only the reflection type SL M5 is shown, and the phase modulation module 6 is not shown.
- the laser 62, the lens 64, the pin Honoré 66, the collimating lens 68, the Fourier transform lens 70, and the output surface 72 are arranged on the virtual reference line 9 together with the prism 32.
- the reflective SLM 5 is arranged at a position that is deviated from the virtual reference line 9 in the vertical direction.
- the laser 62 emits linearly polarized light having a predetermined wavelength as readout light.
- the chief ray of the readout light propagates on the virtual reference line 9.
- the lens 64, the pinhole 66, and the collimating lens 68 convert the readout light into parallel light having a predetermined beam diameter.
- the parallel light propagates along the virtual reference line 9 and enters the input-side reflecting surface Ml of the prism 32.
- the input-side reflecting surface Ml reflects incident parallel light toward the reflective SLM5.
- the reflective SLM 5 is built in the phase modulation module 6 (FIG.
- Reflective SLM 5 reflects the phase-modulated light toward the prism 32.
- the principal ray of the phase-modulated light reflected by the output-side reflecting surface M2 propagates along the virtual reference straight line 9.
- the Fourier transform lens 70 Fourier transforms the phase-modulated light, and forms a desired waveform pattern on the output surface 72.
- the prism 32 and the reflective SLM 5 have the expressions (1) to (8) or the expressions (11) to (16) with respect to the convergence angle oc and the desired maximum diffraction order n. And it is arranged to satisfy (9) and (10). For this reason, all of the input light output from the input optical system I is incident on the input-side reflecting surface Ml of the prism 32, and all of the light reflected by the input-side reflecting surface Ml is incident on the reflective SLM5 for reflection. Of the light modulated by the type SLM5, all necessary components (1 to n-order diffracted light) are reflected by the output-side reflecting surface M2 of the prism 32, and Fourier-transformed by the Fourier transform lens 70. Therefore, the light utilization efficiency can be increased, and the advantages of the reflective SLM5 with a high effective aperture ratio can be utilized.
- the input optical system I and the output optical system O are arranged on the virtual reference line 9 in the same manner as the optical processing device 80 in the first embodiment described with reference to FIG.
- the optical axis of the input light and the optical axis of the output light are both located on the virtual reference line 9.
- the reflection type SLM5 is at a position deviated from the virtual reference line 9 in the vertical direction.
- Laser 62, lens 64, pinhole 66, collimator lens 68, Fourier transform lens 70, output surface 72 forces are all arranged so that the virtual reference line 9 is perpendicular to and passes through the virtual reference line 9. ing. Therefore, like the optical processing device 80, the design, assembly, and adjustment of the optical system are easy, and the entire optical system can be made compact. However, since the spatial light modulator 30 uses the prism 32, the number of parts is reduced and the configuration is simpler.
- the optical processing device 100 is the first embodiment described with reference to FIG. 13, except that the spatial light modulator 30 is used instead of the spatial light modulator 1 of the first embodiment.
- This is substantially the same as the optical processing device 80 of the embodiment. That is, the light source 81, the pinhole 83, the collimating lens 82, the input surface 84, and the Fourier transform lens 86 constitute the input optical system I.
- light The source 81, the pinhole 83, and the collimating lens 82 constitute a parallel light projection optical system R.
- the Fourier transform lens 88 and the output surface 90 constitute the output optical system O.
- the distance between the input surface 84 and the Fourier transform lens 86 and the distance through the prism 3 2 between the Fourier transform lens 86 and the element reflecting surface 5c are the focal length (length fl) of the Fourier transform lens 86. Is set equal to.
- the distance between the element reflecting surface 5c and the Fourier transform lens 88 via the prism 32 and the distance between the Fourier transform lens 88 and the output surface 90 are the focal length (length) of the Fourier transform lens 88. It is set equal to f2).
- the readout light (input light beam) is Fourier transformed by the Fourier transform lens 86, reflected by the prism 32, and incident on the reflective SLM5 at a convergence angle ⁇ and a beam diameter c.
- the optical processing apparatus 100 having such a configuration performs a correlation operation between the input image displayed on the input surface 84 and the reference image displayed on the reflective SLM 5.
- the reflective SLM5 is, for example, the PAL-SLM described with reference to FIG. 7, and is also incorporated in the phase modulation module 6 described with reference to FIG. However, in FIG. 17, only the reflection type SLM5 is shown, and the phase modulation module 6 is not shown.
- the prism 32 and the reflective SLM5 have the expressions (1) to (8) or the expressions (11) to (16) with respect to the convergence angle oc and the desired maximum diffraction order n. And they are arranged to satisfy (9) and (10). Therefore, according to the optical processing device 100, the same effect as that of the optical processing device 80 can be obtained, and the force can be reduced by adopting the prism 32 in the spatial light modulation device 30. Has been simplified.
- the optical processing apparatus 200 includes a spatial light modulator 30 (hereinafter referred to as a second spatial light) between the Fourier transform lens 86 and the Fourier transform lens 88. Modulation device 30-2).
- the optical processing device 200 further includes another spatial light modulator 30 (hereinafter referred to as a first spatial light modulator 30-1) between the collimating lens 82 and the Fourier transform lens 86 instead of the input surface 84. Is provided).
- Both the first spatial light modulation device 30-1 and the second spatial light modulation device 30-2 have the same configuration as the spatial light modulation device 30 described with reference to FIG.
- the device 30-1 includes a reflective SLM5 (hereinafter referred to as a first reflective SLM5-1) and a prism 32 (hereinafter referred to as a first prism 32-1).
- the reflective SLM5-1 is displaced from the virtual reference straight line 9 in a direction perpendicular to the virtual reference straight line 9.
- the input side reflection surface Ml and the output side reflection surface M2 of the prism 32-1 are arranged on the virtual reference line 9.
- the second spatial light modulator 30-2 includes a reflective SLM5 (hereinafter referred to as a second reflective SLM5-2) and a prism 32 (hereinafter referred to as a second prism 32-2).
- the reflective SLM5-2—2 is shifted from the virtual reference line 9 in a direction perpendicular to the virtual reference line 9, and the input-side reflecting surface Ml and output-side reflecting surface M2 of the prism 32-2 are on the virtual reference line 9. Is arranged.
- the light source 81, the pinhole 83, the collimating lens 82, and the element reflection surface 5c of the reflection type SLM5-1 of the first spatial light modulation device 30-1 constitute the input optical system I.
- the light source 81, the pinhole 83, and the collimating lens 82 constitute a parallel light projecting optical system R.
- the Fourier transform lens 88 and the output surface 90 constitute an output optical system O.
- the distance between the reflecting surface 5c of the reflective SLM5-1 and the Fourier transform lens 86 via the prism 32-1 and the prism 32 between the Fourier transform lens 86 and the reflecting surface 5c of the reflective SLM5-2-2 The distance through 2 is set equal to the focal length (length fl) of the Fourier transform lens 86.
- the distance through the prism 3 2-2 between the reflection surface 5c of the reflective SLM5-2—2 and the Fourier transform lens 88 and the distance between the Fourier transform lens 88 and the output surface 90 are the Fourier transform lens 88. Is set equal to the focal length (length f 2).
- the reflection type SLMs 5-1 and 5-2 are both PAL-SLMs described with reference to FIG. 7, for example, and are incorporated in the phase modulation module 6 described with reference to FIG. In FIG. 18, for the sake of clarity, only the reflective SLMs 5-1 and 5-2 are shown, and the phase modulation module 6 is not shown.
- the reflective SLM5-1 displays the filter pattern created from the input image, phase-modulates the parallel light from the collimating lens 82, and outputs the input image.
- the reflection type SLM5-2 displays the filter pattern created based on the reference image. Like the optical processing apparatus 100, the optical processing apparatus 200 having a powerful configuration performs correlation calculation between the input image and the reference image.
- the 1st to ⁇ th order diffracted light emitted from the reflective SLM5-1 is Fourier transformed by the Fourier transform lens 86, reflected by the prism 32-2, and reflected by the beam diameter convergence angle oc. Incident on 5-2.
- the prism 32-2 and the reflective SLM5-2 have the following formulas (1) to (8) or (11) to (16) and (9) for the convergence angle ⁇ and the desired maximum diffraction order ⁇ . It is arranged to satisfy (10).
- the optical processing device 200 can achieve the same effect as the optical processing device 100 and can easily generate an arbitrary input image by the first spatial light modulation device 30-1. Even if the two spatial light modulators 30 are connected in multiple stages, the optical axes related to the collimating lens 82, the Fourier transform lens 86, and the Fourier transform lens 88 all extend on a single virtual reference line 9. It is easy to design, assemble and adjust the optical system.
- the optical processing device 300 is an example of a wavefront compensation optical system that forms a wavefront having a uniform wavefront or a desired phase distribution by compensating for distortion of an input wavefront.
- the optical processing device 300 is combined with a beam control optical system used in an optical measurement optical system, a laser processing optical system, an optical manipulation, and the like, and is used to remove those aberrations.
- the optical processing device 300 includes a light source 81, a pinhole 83, a collimating lens 82, an input surface 302, a relay lens system including a lens 304 and a lens 306, a spatial light modulator 30, a lens 308, and a lens 310. It has a relay lens system, a beam sampler 312, a wavefront sensor 314, a control device 316, and an output surface 318.
- the spatial light modulator 30 includes a reflective SLM 5 and a prism 32.
- the reflective SLM 5 is the PAL-SLM described with reference to FIG. 7, and is also incorporated in the phase modulation module 6 described with reference to FIG. In FIG. 19, for the sake of clarity, only the reflective SLM 5 is shown among the internal components of the phase modulation module 6 and the other components are not shown.
- the light source 81, the pinhole 83, the collimating lens 82, the input surface 302, the lens 304, and the lens 306 constitute an input optical system I.
- light source 81, pinhole 83, and The reme lens 82 constitutes a parallel light projecting optical system R.
- the lens 308, the lens 310, the beam sampler 312 and the output surface 318 constitute an output optical system O.
- Light source 81, pinhole 83, collimating lens 82, input surface 302, lens 304, lens 306, prism 32, lenses 308, 310, beam sampler 312 and output surface 318 are arranged on virtual reference line 9. .
- the beam sampler 312 also has a mirror force that is arranged at an angle of 45 degrees with respect to the virtual reference line 9.
- the reflective SLM 5 and the control device 316 are provided at positions shifted from the virtual reference line 9 in a direction perpendicular to the virtual reference line 9.
- the input surface 302, the output surface 318, the reflection type SLM5, and the wavefront sensor 314 are formed by the lenses 30 4, 306, 308, 310.
- the relay lens system composed of the lens 304 and the lens 306 and the relay lens system composed of the lens 308 and the lens 310 transmit the image as it is in the f row.
- the light source 81 is a laser and emits linearly polarized light (reading light) having a predetermined wavelength, and the pinhole 83 and the collimating lens 82 convert the reading light into substantially parallel light having a predetermined beam diameter.
- the substantially parallel light is incident on the input surface 302 via an optical medium (not shown) such as a measurement target object or the atmosphere that causes the wavefront to be distorted.
- the light beam incident on the input surface 302 has distortion due to the optical medium. This light beam passes through the lens 304 and the lens 306, is reflected by the prism 32, and forms an image on the reflective SLM5.
- the light that has been phase-modulated and reflected by the reflective SLM 5 is reflected by the prism 32, passes through the lens 308 and the lens 310, and forms an image on the output surface 318.
- a part of the light transmitted through the lens 310 is sampled by the beam sampler 312 disposed behind the lens 310 and is incident on the wavefront sensor 314.
- the wavefront sensor 314 measures the distortion of the incident beam wavefront, feeds back a signal for correcting the distortion to the LCD 530 (FIG. 7) in the phase modulation module 6 via the control device 316, and performs wavefront compensation.
- a condensing optical system (not shown) is disposed after the output surface 318, and irradiates light to the sensor, the object to be processed, or the object to be processed.
- the prism 32 and the reflective SLM5 satisfy the expressions (1) to (8) or the expressions (11) to (16) and the expressions (9) and (10). Is arranged.
- a is set to a value larger than the maximum amount of distortion that can be compensated by the reflective SLM5.
- the ⁇ is set to a value larger than the allowable residual.
- the optical path can be bent vertically by the beam sampler 312, the design of the optical system is simplified. Further, since the optical path extends in a direction parallel to or perpendicular to the virtual reference line 9 that is not oblique, consistency with the casing of the phase modulation module 6 or the wavefront sensor 314 that is generally a rectangular parallelepiped. However, it is easy to compact the entire optical processing apparatus 300. In addition, since the prism 32 is used, the total number of parts is reduced and the configuration can be made more compact.
- the optical path from the input surface 302 to the output surface 318 is arranged on the virtual reference straight line 9, and the spatial light modulator 30 is inserted on this optical path. For this reason, the optical adjustment becomes easy as in the optical processing apparatuses 60, 100, 200 described above.
- the optical components other than the spatial light modulator 30 may be optically adjusted, and then the spatial light modulator 30 may be inserted and adjusted.
- the optical processing device 300 may not have the configuration described with reference to FIG. 19 as long as it includes the spatial light modulation device 30 and realizes wavefront compensation.
- the light source 81 may be a laser, but may not be a laser as long as spatial coherence is high and can be regarded as a point light source.
- the beam sampler 312 may not be disposed behind the lens 310. The beam sampler 312 can be disposed at an arbitrary position on the rear side of the output-side reflecting surface M2 and on the front side of the output surface 318.
- an enlargement relay lens system having an image enlargement function and a reduction relay having an image reduction function A functional optical system having an arbitrary function such as a lens system or a dichroic mirror having a function of separating light for each wavelength may be inserted. Further, the reflection type SLM5 and the wavefront sensor 314 may not be in an imaging relationship.
- a spatial light modulation device 40 that works on the third embodiment will be described with reference to FIG.
- the spatial light modulation device 40 is the same as the spatial light modulation device 30 according to the second embodiment, except that the prism 42 is employed instead of the prism 32. Therefore, the spatial light modulation device 40 includes the reflective SLM 5 and the prism 42.
- members having the same functions and configurations as those of the spatial light modulation device 30 according to the second embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals.
- the mirror layer 5b is shown in the reflective SLM 5, and the modulation unit 5a and the address unit 5d are not shown.
- the reflective SLM 5 is, for example, the PAL-SLM described with reference to FIG. 7, and may be incorporated in the phase modulation module 6 (FIG. 7).
- the prism 42 is a quadrangular prism with a trapezoidal cross section. More specifically, the prism 42 has a trapezoidal cross section formed by cutting off the apex portion of the triangular cross section of the prism 32. Of the four surfaces SI, S2, S3, and S4 (outer surface) that make up the quadrangular prism, the two inclined surfaces SI and S2 that correspond to the hypotenuse of the trapezoidal cross section are treated to increase the reflectivity. For this reason, Sl and S2 function as the input side reflection surface Ml and the output side reflection surface M2.
- the input-side reflecting surface Ml and the output-side reflecting surface M2 are located on the virtual reference line 9, and the remaining two surfaces corresponding to the lower and upper bases of the trapezoidal cross section (bottom surface S3, upper surface S4) Are arranged so as to sandwich the virtual reference line 9.
- the input-side reflecting surface Ml reflects the input light incident along the virtual reference line 9 to the reflective SLM5.
- the reflective SLM5 modulates and reflects the input light reflected by the input-side reflection surface Ml.
- the output-side reflecting surface M2 reflects the light from the reflective SLM5 and outputs it along the 9th virtual reference line.
- the readout light (input light beam) is converged at a convergence angle in the range of 0 to ⁇ along the virtual reference line 9 from an input optical system (not shown). And enter. Further, it is assumed that the beam diameter when the reading light (input light beam) enters the reflective SLM 5 is equal to the length c of the element reflecting surface 5c. The readout light modulated by the reflective SLM5 and reflected by the element reflecting surface 5c is emitted from the reflective SLM5. Of the readout light, a desired component (that is, a desired component to be output from the spatial light modulator 40) is obtained.
- the input side reflecting surface Ml, the output side reflecting surface ⁇ 2 and the element reflecting surface 5c are arranged so that the end point A2 of the input side reflecting surface Ml and the end point B1 of the output side reflecting surface M2 are separated from each other. Is the same as the prism 32 of the second embodiment. That is, the input-side reflecting surface Ml, the output-side reflecting surface M2, and the element reflecting surface 5c are expressed by equations (1) to (8) or (11) with respect to the convergence angle value ⁇ and the desired value j8. ) To (16) are satisfied.
- equations (1) to (8) or equations (11) to (16) are applied to the convergence angle value ⁇ and the desired diffraction order n. And the relations of the expressions (9) and (10) are satisfied.
- the spatial light modulation device 40 of the present embodiment has the same effects as the spatial light modulation device 30 of the second embodiment and the spatial light modulation device 1 of the first embodiment. Therefore, the spatial light modulator 40 may be provided in place of the spatial light modulator 30 in the optical processing devices 60, 100, 200, 300 described with reference to FIGS. Further, in the optical processing device 80 described with reference to FIG. 13, a spatial light modulation device 40 may be provided instead of the spatial light modulation device 1.
- the spatial light modulation device 40 can perform vertical readout in addition to the oblique readout via the input-side reflection surface Ml and the output-side reflection surface M2. That is, as indicated by an arrow V, light is incident perpendicularly to the bottom surface S3 of the prism 42. Then, the light passes through the prism 42, exits vertically from the upper surface S4, and enters the reflection type SLM5 perpendicularly.
- the light modulated and reflected by the reflective SLM 5 is incident on the upper surface S4 of the prism 42 perpendicularly, is transmitted again through the prism 42, and is emitted perpendicularly from the bottom surface S3.
- the incident light and the outgoing light travel perpendicular to the bottom surface S3 and the top surface S4 of the prism 42, they are efficiently transmitted through the prism 42 without being reflected by the bottom surface S3 and the top surface S4 of the prism 42.
- Spatial light modulator 50 employs coupling prism 52 instead of prism 32
- the spatial light modulation device 30 is the same as that of the second embodiment described with reference to FIG. 15 except that the coupling prism 52 is joined to the reflective SLM 5. Accordingly, the spatial light modulation device 50 includes a reflective SLM 5 and a coupling prism 52 joined to the reflective SLM 5.
- the members having the same functions and configurations as those of the spatial light modulation device 30 that are useful for the second embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals.
- the reflective SL M5 is, for example, the PAL-SLM described with reference to FIG. 7, and may be incorporated in the phase modulation module 6 (FIG. 7).
- the coupling prism 52 is a pentagonal prism.
- the coupling prism 52 has five faces 54, 55, 56, 57, 58! Face 54 faces face 58! / Surface 54 and surface 58 extend parallel to each other.
- Surface 56 is opposite to surface 55 and surface 57.
- the angle (inner angle) formed by surface 54 and surface 56 is 90 °.
- the angle (inner angle) formed by surface 56 and surface 58 is also 90 °.
- the angle (inner angle) formed by surface 54 and surface 55 is 90 ° — ⁇ 1.
- the angle (inner angle) formed by surface 57 and surface 58 is 90 ° - ⁇ 2.
- the angle (inner angle) formed by surface 55 and surface 57 is 180 ° + ( ⁇ 1 + ⁇ 2).
- ⁇ 1 and ⁇ 2 are 0 ° (90 ° — ⁇ 1) 90 °, 0 ° (90 ° — ⁇ 2) 90 °, and 180 ° ⁇ 180 ° + (1 + 2) ⁇ ⁇ 360 ° is satisfied.
- the surface 56 is bonded to the outer surface of the modulation portion 5a of the reflective SLM5.
- the reflective SLM5 is the PAL-SLM described with reference to FIG. 7, the surface 56 is bonded to the transparent substrate 502 of the reflective SLM5.
- the element reflecting surface 5c extends parallel to the surface 56.
- the coupling prism 52 is arranged in the direction shown in FIG. 21 with respect to the virtual reference straight line 9. That is, the virtual reference line 9 passes through the surface 54 and the surface 58. Surface 54 and surface 58 extend perpendicular to the virtual reference line 9.
- the plane 56 extends parallel to the virtual reference line 9 at a position shifted from the virtual reference line 9 in a direction perpendicular to the virtual reference line 9. Therefore, the element reflection surface 5c also extends parallel to the virtual reference line 9 at a position shifted from the virtual reference line 9 in a direction perpendicular to the virtual reference line 9.
- the surface 55 extends obliquely with respect to the virtual reference line 9.
- the surface 57 also extends obliquely with respect to the virtual reference line 9.
- the surface 55 extends in a direction that forms an angle ⁇ 1 with respect to the virtual reference line 9.
- the surface 57 extends in a direction that forms an angle ⁇ 2 with respect to the virtual reference straight line 9.
- ⁇ 1 takes a positive value counterclockwise from the virtual reference line 9 in FIG.
- ⁇ 2 takes a positive value in the clockwise direction from the virtual reference straight line 9 in FIG.
- ⁇ 1 and ⁇ 2 satisfy 0 ° and ⁇ 1 and 90 °, and 0 ° and ⁇ 2 and 90 °.
- the angle ⁇ 1 and the angle ⁇ 2 are values that satisfy the condition of total reflection with respect to the refractive index m of the material constituting the coupling prism 52.
- the surface 54 functions as the input-side transmission surface P1, the surface 56 functions as the bonding transmission surface P2, and the surface 58 functions as the output-side transmission surface P3.
- the inner surface of the surface 55 functions as the input side reflection surface Ml, and the inner surface of the surface 57 functions as the output side reflection surface M2.
- the readout light that has propagated along the virtual reference straight line 9 passes through the input side transmission surface P 1 and is guided into the coupling prism 52.
- the readout light propagates inside the coupling prism 52 and is totally reflected by the input-side reflection surface Ml, further propagates inside the coupling prism 52, passes through the junction transmission surface P2, and reaches the reflection type SLM5. To do.
- the readout light modulated by the modulation unit 5 a and reflected by the element reflection surface 5 c is transmitted again through the cemented transmission surface P 2 and guided into the coupling prism 52.
- the readout light propagates inside the coupling prism 52 and is totally reflected by the output-side reflecting surface M2, further propagates inside the coupling prism 52, passes through the output-side transmitting surface P3, and is transmitted from the coupling prism 52. Output and propagate along virtual reference line 9
- the end point A2 of the input-side reflecting surface Ml and the end point B1 of the output-side reflecting surface M2 are the same as in the prism 32 of the second embodiment described with reference to FIG. I'm doing it.
- the positional relationship among the input side reflection surface Ml, the output side reflection surface M2, and the element reflection surface 5c is that the end point A2 of the input side reflection surface Ml and the end point B1 of the output side reflection surface M2 match.
- the arrangement relationship between the input side reflection surface Ml, the output side reflection surface M2, and the element reflection surface 5c in the first embodiment described with reference to FIG. 8 is the same.
- the point where the input chief ray 11 is incident on the input side reflecting surface Ml is point A, and the chief ray of the light reflected by the input side reflecting surface Ml is incident on the reflective SLM5.
- the point C is the point where the principal ray of the light modulated by the reflective SLM5 and reflected by the element reflecting surface 5c is incident on the output-side reflecting surface M2.
- a straight line A—B connecting point A and point B is located on the virtual reference line 9.
- the angle between the input-side reflecting surface Ml and the virtual reference line 9 is ⁇ 1 (0 to ⁇ 1 to 90 °), and the angle between the output-side reflecting surface M2 and the virtual reference line 9 is ⁇ 2 (0 ⁇ 2 ⁇ 90 °) is there.
- the length of the line segment Al—A2 is a
- the length of the line segment A—A1 is al
- the length of the line segment A—A2 is Let a2.
- the length of line segment B1—B2 is b
- the length of line segment B—B1 is bl
- the length of line segment B—B2 is b2.
- the length of the line segment C1-C2 (that is, the effective aperture of the reflective SLM5) is c
- the length of the line segment C—C1 is cl
- the line segment C — Let C2 be the length of C2.
- D be the leg of the perpendicular line from the dotted line to line segment A—B
- h be the length of perpendicular line C – D
- the readout light (input light beam) is in the range of 0 to ⁇ from the input optical system (not shown) along the virtual reference straight line 9.
- the beam diameter when the reading light (input light beam) enters the reflective SLM 5 is equal to the length c of the element reflecting surface 5c.
- the readout light modulated by the reflective SLM5 and reflected by the element reflection surface 5c is emitted from the reflective SLM5.
- a desired component that is, a desired component desired to be output from the spatial light modulator 50
- the input-side reflecting surface Ml, the output-side reflecting surface M2, and the element reflecting surface 5c are expressed by equations (11) to (11) with respect to the convergence angle value ex and the desired divergence angle value ⁇ .
- ⁇ is replaced with a Zm
- ⁇ is replaced with ⁇ Zm
- ⁇ is replaced with Zm (16) (where m is the refractive index of coupling prism 52) Yes.
- the desired ingredient is 1 ⁇ ! !
- the input-side reflecting surface Ml, the output-side reflecting surface M2, and the element reflecting surface 5c are expressed by equations (1 ⁇ ) to (16 ') for the convergence angle value ⁇ and the desired diffraction order n And (9 ') and (1 ( ⁇ ) are satisfied.
- the equations (9 ⁇ and ( ⁇ ') are
- the input principal ray 11 and the output principal ray 17 are both located on the virtual reference line 9, and all the incident light to the prism 52 is on the input side. All of the incident light reflected by the reflective surface Ml and reflected by the input-side reflective surface Ml enters the reflective SLM5 as readout light, and all the desired components of the readout light modulated by the reflective SLM5 are prisms. Reflected by 52 output-side reflecting surfaces M2. Therefore, according to the spatial light modulation device 50, the same effect as the spatial light modulation device 30 of the second embodiment and the spatial light modulation device 1 of the first embodiment can be obtained.
- the spatial light modulator 50 may be provided in place of the spatial light modulator 30 in the optical processing devices 60, 100, 200, and 300 described with reference to FIGS. Further, in the optical processing device 80 described with reference to FIG. 13, the spatial light modulator 50 may be provided instead of the spatial light modulator 1.
- the input-side reflecting surface Ml and the output-side reflecting surface M2 are provided at a predetermined angle for total reflection, the input-side reflecting surface Ml and the output-side reflecting surface M2 have improved reflectivity. There is no need to apply a process for this. Since the input-side transmission surface P1 and the output-side transmission surface P3 are orthogonal to the virtual reference line 9, stray light is not generated in the coupling prism 52.
- the spatial light modulation device 50 when adjusting the optical path length, the coupling prism 52 and the reflective SLM 5 are moved together in a direction perpendicular to the virtual reference straight line 9. The optical adjustment is very easy. At this time, the input side transmission surface Pl, the input side reflection surface Ml, the output side reflection surface M2, and the output side transmission surface P3 may be made large in advance so that all necessary components are transmitted or reflected after movement. .
- the angle ⁇ 1 formed between the input-side reflecting surface Ml and the virtual reference line 9 and the angle ⁇ 2 formed between the output-side reflecting surface M2 and the virtual reference line 9 are values that satisfy the condition of total reflection. It doesn't have to be. In that case, the input-side reflecting surface Ml (the inner surface of the surface 55) and the output-side reflecting surface M2 (the inner surface of the surface 57) may be subjected to a process for increasing the reflectance.
- ⁇ 3 does not have to be zero (0).
- the input-side reflecting surface Ml, the output-side reflecting surface M2, and the element reflecting surface 5c are expressed by ⁇ in the equations (1) to (8) with respect to the convergence angle value ex and the desired value ⁇ . If we are satisfied with the formula that replaces a with Zm, replaces ⁇ with ⁇ Zm, and replaces ⁇ with Zm.
- the desired ingredient is 1 ⁇ !
- the input-side reflecting surface Ml, the output-side reflecting surface ⁇ 2, and the element reflecting surface 5c are expressed by equations ( ⁇ ) to (8 ⁇ ) with respect to the convergence angle value ⁇ and the desired diffraction order n. As long as the expressions (9, (1CT) are satisfied.
- any of the spatial light modulators 1, 30, 40, and 50 can be applied to the optical processing devices 60, 80, 100, 200, and 300. If each of the spatial light modulators 1, 30, 40, 50 is combined with an arbitrary input optical system and an arbitrary output optical system, it is possible to perform an arbitrary process on an arbitrary light including arbitrary information.
- the reflective SLM5 of the above embodiment may not be a PAL-SLM.
- the reflective SLM5 can be composed of any reflective spatial light modulator.
- the reflection type SL M5 may be a liquid crystal type or a non-liquid crystal type.
- the reflective SLM5 may be an optical address type or an electric address type.
- the reflective SLM5 is a phase shifter that modulates the phase of the readout light.
- An intensity modulation type that modulates the intensity of the readout light, which is good with the adjustment type, or a complex amplitude modulation type that modulates both the phase and the intensity of the readout light may be used.
- Equation (9) (or Equations (1 ') to (8') or Equations (11 ') to (16') and Equation (9 ')) are satisfied, and Equation (4) ⁇ (7) or formula (14) ⁇ (16) (or formula (4 ') ⁇ (7') or formula (14 ') ⁇ (16')) Effectively irradiates the reflected SLM5 with the input light and effectively outputs the necessary diffracted light from the spatial light modulators 1, 30, 40, 50, while generating unnecessary diffracted light to the spatial light modulators 1, 30, 40, You can make it not output from 50.
- the modulator 5a when the reflective SLM 5 is composed of a reflective spatial light modulator using a nonlinear optical crystal, the modulator 5a includes the nonlinear optical crystal.
- the mirror layer 5b reflects and modulates the readout light by changing the shape of the element reflection surface 5c.
- the mirror layer 5b itself also serves as the modulation unit 5a. Therefore, when the reflective SLM5 also has variable mirror force, as shown in FIG. 22, the reflective surface 5c of the reflective SLM5 is exposed to the outside and faces the input-side reflective surface Ml and the output-side reflective surface M2. .
- a spatial light modulation device, an optical processing device, a coupling prism, and a method of using the coupling prism according to the present invention include a wavefront compensation system, a pattern formation system, a holography system, a 3D display system, and an optical information processing system. It can be widely used for various optical processing systems.
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- Optical Modulation, Optical Deflection, Nonlinear Optics, Optical Demodulation, Optical Logic Elements (AREA)
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