WO2006030781A1 - 指先からの生体情報の抽出方法およびその装置 - Google Patents
指先からの生体情報の抽出方法およびその装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2006030781A1 WO2006030781A1 PCT/JP2005/016836 JP2005016836W WO2006030781A1 WO 2006030781 A1 WO2006030781 A1 WO 2006030781A1 JP 2005016836 W JP2005016836 W JP 2005016836W WO 2006030781 A1 WO2006030781 A1 WO 2006030781A1
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- Prior art keywords
- finger
- color
- information
- value
- fingertip
- Prior art date
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/02—Detecting, measuring or recording for evaluating the cardiovascular system, e.g. pulse, heart rate, blood pressure or blood flow
- A61B5/02007—Evaluating blood vessel condition, e.g. elasticity, compliance
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06V—IMAGE OR VIDEO RECOGNITION OR UNDERSTANDING
- G06V40/00—Recognition of biometric, human-related or animal-related patterns in image or video data
- G06V40/10—Human or animal bodies, e.g. vehicle occupants or pedestrians; Body parts, e.g. hands
- G06V40/12—Fingerprints or palmprints
- G06V40/1382—Detecting the live character of the finger, i.e. distinguishing from a fake or cadaver finger
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/117—Identification of persons
- A61B5/1171—Identification of persons based on the shapes or appearances of their bodies or parts thereof
- A61B5/1172—Identification of persons based on the shapes or appearances of their bodies or parts thereof using fingerprinting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/0059—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons using light, e.g. diagnosis by transillumination, diascopy, fluorescence
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method and apparatus for extracting biological information from a fingertip.
- the “biological information” specifically identifies whether the finger is a living body, that is, whether the finger is a living body finger or a fake finger (non-living forged finger). And information on the health level expressed by the rigidity of the blood vessels of the finger of the living body.
- techniques for optically detecting biological information from the fingertip include photooximetry for determining oxygen saturation of hemoglobin in the peripheral blood vessels of the fingertip [Non-Patent Document 1], and a technique for imaging the distribution of hemoglobin [ [Non-patent document 2], Technology for determining the health level by detecting pulse waves from the fingertip [Patent document 2], Attempt to determine blood glucose level [Non-patent document 3], Portable blood flow sensor [Non-patent document 4], etc. Has been reported.
- Patent Document 1 Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2003-075135
- Patent Document 2 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2003-144420
- Non-Patent Document 1 Takaya Nobuo, Theoretical Background and Present Status of Fluorescence Oximetry * Future Optics 30 ⁇ 10, pp.644-650 (2001)
- Patent ⁇ C tribute 2 Ikuo Komshi, Yasnoou Ito, Naofumi Sakauchi, Manami Kobayashi and Yoshio Tsunazawa, Eight new optical imager for hemoglobin distribution in human skin, "Optical Review, Vol. 10, No. 6, pp.592—595 ( 2003)
- Non-Patent Document 3 Mamoru Tamura, Current Status and Issues of Non-invasive Blood Glucose Measurement Methods ", Optics 33-7, pp.3 80-386 (2004)
- Non-Patent Document 4 Eiji Higurashi, Renji Sawada, ⁇ Portable Ubiquitous Blood Flow Sensor ", 2nd Integrated Optical Device Technology Workshop Program, IPD02-12, pp.33-36 (2003)
- each of the above methods extracts an index that represents a certain aspect of human health, but there are, of course, many indicators that are not represented in human health. . If a person's health level can be evaluated with a fingerprint sensor, it can be used as a health monitor, for example, when logging in to a daily network. At that time, as the number of health items that can be evaluated by the fingerprint sensor increases, the fingerprint sensor becomes more useful as a health evaluation device.
- the present invention solves two problems associated with these fingerprint sensors with a single technique.
- a biometric information extraction method from a fingertip according to the present invention made to solve the above-described problems includes a contact area of a finger when the finger is pressed against an inspection surface, an amount reflecting the contact area, and a contact portion. Biometric information is extracted based on the relationship with the finger color.
- pressing the finger against the inspection surface represents a relative relationship between the finger and the inspection surface, and when the inspection surface is stationary and the finger moves, It may be either when the inspection surface moves stationary and when both move together.
- the finger is a living finger based on the amount of change in the index value of the finger color at the contact portion, either when pressing the finger against the inspection surface or when releasing the pressure, or both It is characterized by identifying or.
- the power that can use any one of the chromaticity coordinate x, chromaticity coordinate y, and luminance Y of the XYZ color system in particular, the value of the chromaticity coordinate X, Or it is desirable to use the value of luminance Y.
- the LHS system When the LHS system is used as the color system, it is desirable to use one of the values of luminance L, hue H, and saturation S. It is particularly desirable to use the value of saturation S, .
- a color detection means for detecting an index value of the color of the finger of the contact portion in either or both of pressing the finger against the inspection surface and releasing the press;
- Biological identification means for identifying whether or not the finger is a biological finger based on the amount of color change in each case
- a method for measuring the degree of health using information from the fingertip according to the present invention which has been made to solve the problem relating to the measurement of the degree of health, is a method for measuring the finger when pressing the finger against the test surface. Based on the change in the index value of the finger color corresponding to the change in the contact area or the amount reflecting the contact area, an index representing the stiffness of the finger blood vessel is obtained.
- any value of chromaticity coordinates x, chromaticity coordinates, and luminance Y can be used. It is desirable to use a value. Also, in the case of the LHS color system, it is desirable to use the value of luminance L, hue H, or saturation S, especially the value of saturation S.
- a measuring means such as an area for measuring the contact area between the inspection surface and the finger or an amount reflecting the contact area
- Stiffness calculating means for calculating an index representing the stiffness of the blood vessel of the finger based on a change in the index value of the color corresponding to the change in the contact area
- the measured value by the fingerprint sensor can be used as a health monitor when logging in to the network every day. At that time, the more health items that can be evaluated by the fingerprint sensor, the more useful the fingerprint sensor is as a health evaluation device.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic layout diagram of each element of a fingerprint sensor used in an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 A graph showing temporal changes in the values of chromaticity coordinate x, chromaticity coordinate y, and luminance Y when a finger is pressed against the inspection surface at low speed and released.
- FIG. 3 A graph showing temporal changes in the values of chromaticity coordinates ⁇ , chromaticity coordinates y, and luminance Y when a finger is pressed against the inspection surface at medium speed and released.
- FIG. 4 A graph showing temporal changes in the values of chromaticity coordinate ⁇ , chromaticity coordinate y, and luminance Y when a finger is pressed at high speed and released.
- FIG. 12 A diagram (a) that schematically shows how the chromaticity coordinate X changes when the finger is pressed against the inspection surface and when the finger is released, and how the luminance Y changes.
- Figure (b) A diagram (a) that schematically shows how the chromaticity coordinate X changes when the finger is pressed against the inspection surface and when the finger is released, and how the luminance Y changes.
- FIG. 13 is a graph showing temporal changes in values of chromaticity coordinate x, chromaticity coordinate y, and luminance Y when a false finger is pressed against the inspection surface and released.
- FIG. 14 is a graph showing the relationship between the contact area and the values of chromaticity coordinates x, chromaticity coordinates y, and luminance Y when a false finger is pressed against the inspection surface and released.
- FIG. 20 is a layout view of another type of fingerprint sensor capable of implementing the present invention.
- FIG. 21 is a graph (a) showing the relationship between the pressure and the spectrum when the living finger is pressed, and the emission spectrum of the GR light source used in the second embodiment (b).
- FIG. 22 is a graph showing changes in color signals when pressing / depressing the living finger (a) and fake finger (b) used in the second example.
- FIG. 23 is a graph for explaining various indices used in the second embodiment.
- FIG. 24 is a graph (a) of the distribution of the value of the index ⁇ R′i and the distribution of the value of the index ⁇ yi (b).
- FIG. 25 is a table showing the magnitude of the difference between various index values of the biometric finger group and the fake finger group.
- FIG. 26 is a graph showing measurement results of a living finger which is an example of measurement of the LHS color system.
- FIG. 27 is a table showing the results measured by the LHS color system.
- FIG. 28 is an explanatory diagram of the center automatic determination method.
- FIG. 29 is a graph showing the difference in index value between the center fixing method and the center automatic determination method.
- FIG. 30 is a table showing differences in index values between the center fixing method and the center automatic determination method.
- the contact area of the finger when the finger is pressed against the inspection surface or an amount reflecting the contact area (for example, the pressure measured by the pressure sensor is also applied to the finger.
- the physical quantity to be detected is only the contact area or the amount and color that reflects it, because the biological information is extracted based on the relationship between the finger color of the contact portion and the finger color of the contact portion.
- Biometric information can be extracted with a very simple device. For example, since the image information output from a fingerprint sensor that has been used conventionally includes both area information and color information, the biometric information extraction method from the fingertip according to the present invention is a conventional device. The fingerprint sensor can be used as it is. Also, a simple software (program) for performing the data processing is sufficient.
- the information to be used is information on whether the finger is being pressed or released, and the finger in between As for the former, if there is information on the contact area or the amount reflecting it, the former can be detected by a change with time. Therefore, as described above, including the color information, a conventional fingerprint sensor can be used as it is as an apparatus for carrying out the present invention.
- a conventional fingerprint sensor can be used as it is as an apparatus for carrying out the present invention.
- the determination at the time of pressing Z release it can also be determined by a change in information on the contact pressure between the finger and the inspection surface.
- the time for pressing the finger against the inspection surface is determined and the user observes it, it is possible to determine when the button is pressed / released based on simple time information. In the latter case, one small lamp (prompt lamp) may be turned on at regular intervals for the convenience of the user's pressing operation.
- the finger color of the contact surface when the finger is pressed against the inspection surface (or when the inspection surface is pressed against the finger) and when the finger is released is measured. From the amount of change, it is determined whether the finger is a force that is a living finger or a fake finger. As will be described later, according to the experiments conducted by the present inventors, there is a difference in the color of the finger between the two points in time. It became clear. In particular, the color of the finger is primarily measured by a normal image sensor.
- RGB values were converted into chromaticity coordinates x, y and luminance Y, and the X coordinates in them were used as color index values, it was found that the difference between the two time points was most noticeable.
- the brightness Y can be used as an index value since the difference appears next.
- the color of the finger is different between when it is pressed and when it is released, because the blood is rapidly removed from the blood vessel of the finger by the pressure when it is pressed, and the color changes accordingly.
- the blood once the blood has been removed, it does not return to the pressing part immediately after the pressure is removed, because it takes a certain amount of time to return to the original state due to the resistance of the blood vessel as described later. Conceivable.
- the fake finger does not have such a complicated structure, so it changes color when pressed and released. Therefore, both can be clearly identified by this method.
- the present method detects a reaction of the living body due to an external stimulus.
- the method detects a reaction of the living body due to an external stimulus. For example, by measuring a change in the color of the finger on the contact surface while the finger is pressed against the test surface, it is possible to detect a pulse wave caused by blood pulsation.
- This can be adopted as a method of biometric identification, but it does not look at the response to external stimuli, so it cannot be said to be a true “biological” identification.
- the method according to the present invention looks at a response to an external stimulus, the living body and the non-living body can be more reliably distinguished.
- the “change amount” of the color may be a simple difference between the X coordinate values of the colors at both time points, or a ratio between the two. In any case, if there is some difference between the two, it is possible to adopt the indicator.
- the contact area between the finger and the test surface when the finger is pressed against the test surface, or an amount reflecting the contact area (the aforementioned
- the pressure measured by the pressure sensor is also an amount that reflects the contact area of the finger).
- Measure the change in finger color According to the evaluation of a plurality of subjects by the present inventors, it has been found that the ratio (change rate) of the finger color to the change in the contact area has a negative correlation with the age of the subject. In other words, the higher the age, the smaller the amount of change in finger color with respect to the change in contact area.
- the information to be used is the contact area between the finger and the test surface or information on the amount reflecting it and information on the color of the finger. Therefore, this method can be implemented by using a conventional fingerprint sensor. Note that the method according to the present invention is different from the method described above and is essentially irrelevant to the fingerprint sensor, and may be implemented by a dedicated device (health measuring device) having the same function.
- the chromaticity coordinates x, y and luminance Y are used, but the expression method of hue and luminance is not limited to this. Tristimulus values such as Lab, Luv, etc. It is also possible to use other index values that can be uniquely converted from XYZ. Even when these index values are used, the present invention is similarly implemented by measuring the color change in the same manner as described above. Can power s.
- the biometric identification method As an embodiment of the biometric identification method according to the present invention, an example will be described in which a biometric finger and a fake finger are identified using a fingerprint sensor.
- the fingerprint sensor used in this example detects light scattered inside the finger or transmitted through the finger.
- the light from the light source 10 is transmitted through the light guide plate 11 to the fingertip 12.
- the scattered light from the fingertip 12 is detected by an image sensor 13 such as a CCD through an appropriate optical system.
- an appropriate optical system any of an equal-magnification imaging system using a gradient index lens, an imaging optical system using a lens, an imaging optical system in which an optical path is folded back by a mirror, and the like may be used.
- the image sensor 13 continuously detects the color image of the touch surface of the fingertip and outputs it as an sRGB value.
- the signal from the image sensor 13 is sent to the image processing apparatus 14, where it is reconstructed as an image and collated with a predetermined image (for example, a fingerprint image of a registrant).
- a predetermined image for example, a fingerprint image of a registrant.
- the degree of coincidence between the two is evaluated by a predetermined evaluation method. If the coincidence value is equal to or greater than a predetermined value, it is determined that the detected fingerprint image belongs to the registrant, and the determination signal is sent to a device that uses this fingerprint sensor.
- there are various types of fingerprint sensors for example, there is a type in which light is irradiated from the side of the finger as shown in FIG. 20. The present invention is similarly applied to those types of fingerprint sensors. be able to.
- the signal from the image sensor 13 was used for biometric identification as follows. First, in order to measure the finger of a living body, one subject presses the fingertip against the detection surface (light guide plate 11) of the fingerprint sensor at three relative speeds of low speed, medium speed, and high speed. The finger was released immediately after pressing the entire fingertip. The low speed is defined as 2.6 seconds, the time from when the fingertip starts to touch the image sensor 13 until it is fully pressed and released, and the medium speed is defined as the time T is 1.8 seconds. Means that the time T is 1.0 second.
- the area S of the contact portion between the finger and the inspection surface is measured (the unit is the number of pixels), and the chromaticity coordinate x, chromaticity coordinate y, and luminance Y are compared with the area value S. Plotted. The results are shown in Figs. From these figures, the following features can be confirmed.
- the chromaticity coordinate X first increases with the area S when pressed, and then decreases. When the finger is moved away from the inspection surface (released), the change in chromaticity coordinate X is small. In other words, in the plot of area value and chromaticity coordinate X, the trajectory does not match when the finger is pressed and when it is released.
- Luminance Y increases and decreases with the area, but as with chromaticity coordinate X, the locus does not match when pressing and releasing, indicating a history. These characteristics are commonly confirmed even when the pressing time T is different from 2.6 seconds, 1.8 seconds, and 1.0 seconds.
- Figures 8 to 11 show plots of the area value, chromaticity coordinate x, chromaticity coordinate y, and luminance Y when the pressing time T is 1.8 seconds (2.0 seconds for one person).
- the biometric identification standard can be set by various methods as follows. First, as shown in Fig. 12 (a), the difference between the chromaticity coordinates X at the time of pressing and releasing when the contact area is a certain value Sa is defined as ⁇ , and this value ⁇ There is a method of determining that a subject is a living body when ⁇ exceeds a predetermined threshold. In addition, as shown in Fig. 12 (b), the maximum value of the contact surface area is S, and the contact is made when pressing and releasing.
- the difference in brightness ⁇ when the area of the surface is 50% of S is defined as ⁇ ⁇ , and this value ⁇ ⁇ is the predetermined threshold
- FIGS. 14 the results of a similar experiment performed with a fake finger made of RTV resin are shown in FIGS.
- the area value, the chromaticity coordinates ⁇ , and the luminance ⁇ are plotted, the color change with almost no history is shown, which is clearly different from the case of the living body in FIGS. This It was confirmed that the method according to the present invention can effectively perform biometric identification.
- the light source 10 used in the above measurement was a white light source used in a general fingerprint sensor.
- Figure 21 (a) shows the spectral sensitivity of all pixels while pressing a living finger (subject: 22-year-old male) against a fingerprint sensor using a white light source, using pressure as a parameter. From this graph, it can be seen that the change in intensity due to pressure is particularly large at wavelengths around 550 nm (green) and around 630 resolution (red). That is, as the pressure increases, the green component of the spectrum of the pressing surface becomes particularly strong while the red component becomes particularly weak.
- a light source composed of only these two wavelengths. Therefore, various measurements were performed in the same manner as in the above example, using a GR light source of a green LED (G_LED) having a central wavelength of 535 nm and a red LED (R-LED) having a central wavelength of 630 nm.
- G_LED green LED
- R-LED red LED
- the emission spectrum of the GR light source used here is shown in Fig. 21 (b).
- the biological fingers used as subjects were those of 42 male and female subjects aged 21 to 62 years, and the fake fingers were 11 types using various materials such as silicone, urethane, and gelatin. These living fingers and fake fingers were pressed and depressurized by the fingerprint sensor using the GR light source, and image signals were obtained.
- An example is shown in Figures 22 (a) and (b). The horizontal axis of these graphs is the contact area (number of pixels), and the vertical axis is the normalized G signal value (G 'value) and the normalized R signal value defined by the following equation: (R 'value).
- FIG. 23 (a) A R'i is the R 'value from when the contact area reaches the predetermined initial value Ax (initial pressing) to the maximum value Amax (maximum pressing) during pressing.
- a R′f is a change amount of the R ′ value until the contact area returns from the maximum value Amax to the initial value Ax at the time of decompression.
- the area surrounded by the curve at the time of pressing and depressurizing was designated as SR ′.
- a R'p is the time until the maximum force Amax is reached when the contact area reaches a predetermined fraction p (0 to p 1) of the maximum value Amax when pressed.
- a R'r is the amount of change in the R 'value between the points at the time of decompression.
- ⁇ xi is the amount of change in the chromaticity coordinate X value from when the contact area reaches the predetermined initial value Ax (initial pressing) to the maximum value Amax (maximum pressing) during pressing
- a xf is This is the amount of change in the R ′ value until the contact area returns from the maximum value Amax to the initial value Ax when the pressure is released.
- a yi and A yf are similar amounts of change in the chromaticity coordinate y value.
- ⁇ ⁇ , ⁇ xr, ⁇ ⁇ , A yr shown in Fig. 23 (d) are also the same amount of change as A R'p, ⁇ R'r (Fig. 23 (b)) with respect to chromaticity coordinate ⁇ value, y value. It is. In these, the initial value Ax was changed to 2000, 5000, and 10000, and the fraction p was changed to 0.2, 0.5, and 0.8.
- the value of the index A yi is in the range of ⁇ 01 ⁇ 01 to + 0 ⁇ 04 for all false finger groups, while +0.05 for all living finger groups. It is in the range of ⁇ + 0.15. This indicates that a fake finger and a living finger can be clearly identified by using a value between + 0 ⁇ 04 and + 0 ⁇ 05 as the threshold value of the index A yi.
- the separation distance between the false finger and the living finger in each index (the difference between the maximum value of the living finger group and the minimum value of the false finger group, or the minimum value of the living finger group and the false value)
- a LR was the largest for A R'i, and then the largest for A R'p and A yi. Therefore, it can be said that a living finger and a fake finger can be more reliably identified by using these indices.
- other indicators for example, A yp, SR ', etc.
- a LR>0 and the values of the biometric finger group and the fake finger group do not cross each other. It is clear that a biological finger and a fake finger can be reliably identified by setting a threshold value for.
- This table shows the results of evaluation in three stages, from the largest color change to ⁇ (large), ⁇ (medium), and X (small).
- S saturation
- Figures 28 (a) and 28 (b) show a schematic diagram of the method for determining the center of the finger contact area (automatic center determination method).
- the number of pixels with a threshold value of 50 or more is added in the Y-axis direction, and the X coordinate that maximizes the number is tentatively determined as Xc.
- A the number of pixels.
- the index [area S] / [chromaticity coordinate x], [area S] / [chromaticity coordinate y] obtained from chromaticity coordinates x and chromaticity coordinates y does not show a significant correlation with age,
- the index [area S] / [luminance Y] obtained from luminance Y can be confirmed to increase with age.
- this index is a force that is considered to indicate the rigidity of the blood vessel of the finger.
- Figs. 15 to 19 show that the rigidity of the blood vessel increases with age. This tendency clearly agrees with a generally understood physiological tendency, and it can be seen from this that the indicator according to the present invention can be used as an indicator of health.
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Priority Applications (2)
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US11/661,865 US20080095412A1 (en) | 2004-09-13 | 2005-09-13 | Method And System For Extracting Liveliness Information From Fingertip |
JP2006535146A JPWO2006030781A1 (ja) | 2004-09-13 | 2005-09-13 | 指先からの生体情報の抽出方法およびその装置 |
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JP2004-265027 | 2004-09-13 | ||
JP2004265027 | 2004-09-13 |
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WO2006030781A1 true WO2006030781A1 (ja) | 2006-03-23 |
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JP2009106680A (ja) * | 2007-10-31 | 2009-05-21 | Sharp Corp | 撮像装置、携帯電話機、撮像装置の制御方法、撮像装置制御プログラム、及び該プログラムを記録したコンピュータ読み取り可能な記録媒体 |
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KR102517692B1 (ko) | 2018-02-05 | 2023-04-03 | 삼성전자주식회사 | 혈압 측정 장치 및 방법 |
CN110795718A (zh) * | 2019-10-30 | 2020-02-14 | 维沃移动通信有限公司 | 一种指纹响应方法及电子设备 |
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JP2009106680A (ja) * | 2007-10-31 | 2009-05-21 | Sharp Corp | 撮像装置、携帯電話機、撮像装置の制御方法、撮像装置制御プログラム、及び該プログラムを記録したコンピュータ読み取り可能な記録媒体 |
JP2013141605A (ja) * | 2012-01-10 | 2013-07-22 | Cnoga Holdings Ltd | カラー画像から化粧品および栄養食品のレジメンを提供するウェブサイト |
KR20150092009A (ko) * | 2014-02-04 | 2015-08-12 | 모르포 | 지문의 운반체로서 진짜 손가락을 이용하는 인증 방법 |
KR102313794B1 (ko) | 2014-02-04 | 2021-10-15 | 아이데미아 아이덴티티 앤드 시큐리티 프랑스 | 지문의 지지체로서 실제 손가락을 이용하는 확인 방법 |
WO2015198584A1 (ja) * | 2014-06-24 | 2015-12-30 | 京セラ株式会社 | 測定装置及び測定方法 |
CN107526953A (zh) * | 2016-06-15 | 2017-12-29 | 三星电子株式会社 | 支持指纹认证功能的电子装置及其操作方法 |
JP2020018837A (ja) * | 2018-08-01 | 2020-02-06 | 三星電子株式会社Samsung Electronics Co.,Ltd. | 生体情報測定装置及び方法 |
JP7365784B2 (ja) | 2018-08-01 | 2023-10-20 | 三星電子株式会社 | 生体情報測定装置及び方法 |
Also Published As
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JPWO2006030781A1 (ja) | 2008-05-15 |
US20080095412A1 (en) | 2008-04-24 |
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