WO2006018989A1 - Additif pour solution electrolytique de batterie a electrolyte non aqueux, solution electrolytique non aqueuse pour batterie et batterie a electrolyte non aqueux - Google Patents
Additif pour solution electrolytique de batterie a electrolyte non aqueux, solution electrolytique non aqueuse pour batterie et batterie a electrolyte non aqueux Download PDFInfo
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- WO2006018989A1 WO2006018989A1 PCT/JP2005/014407 JP2005014407W WO2006018989A1 WO 2006018989 A1 WO2006018989 A1 WO 2006018989A1 JP 2005014407 W JP2005014407 W JP 2005014407W WO 2006018989 A1 WO2006018989 A1 WO 2006018989A1
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- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- battery
- aqueous electrolyte
- nonaqueous electrolyte
- additive
- electrolyte
- Prior art date
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- 239000011255 nonaqueous electrolyte Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 90
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- -1 phosphazene compound Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 60
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 10
- 229940021013 electrolyte solution Drugs 0.000 abstract 3
- PUZPDOWCWNUUKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium fluoride Chemical compound [F-].[Na+] PUZPDOWCWNUUKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 15
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical class [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl methyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OC JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene carbonate Chemical compound O=C1OCCO1 KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000007773 negative electrode material Substances 0.000 description 8
- XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethoxyethane Chemical compound COCCOC XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 235000013024 sodium fluoride Nutrition 0.000 description 7
- 239000011775 sodium fluoride Substances 0.000 description 7
- LQNUZADURLCDLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrobenzene Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 LQNUZADURLCDLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 description 5
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 description 4
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000006258 conductive agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- TZIHFWKZFHZASV-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl formate Chemical compound COC=O TZIHFWKZFHZASV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000012046 mixed solvent Substances 0.000 description 4
- GKTNLYAAZKKMTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-[bis(dimethylamino)phosphinimyl]-n-methylmethanamine Chemical class CN(C)P(=N)(N(C)C)N(C)C GKTNLYAAZKKMTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 238000001308 synthesis method Methods 0.000 description 4
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910012820 LiCoO Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910013872 LiPF Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 101150058243 Lipf gene Proteins 0.000 description 3
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000006230 acetylene black Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 3
- IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl carbonate Chemical compound COC(=O)OC IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 150000002170 ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 description 3
- RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene carbonate Chemical compound CC1COC(=O)O1 RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 239000002000 Electrolyte additive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000733 Li alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910015672 LiMn O Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910013292 LiNiO Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N ether Substances CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002290 gas chromatography-mass spectrometry Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052745 lead Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910003002 lithium salt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 159000000002 lithium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920001707 polybutylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,4,4,6,6-hexaphenoxy-1,3,5-triaza-2$l^{5},4$l^{5},6$l^{5}-triphosphacyclohexa-1,3,5-triene Chemical compound N=1P(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP=1(OC=1C=CC=CC=1)OC1=CC=CC=C1 RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910020630 Co Ni Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910015013 LiAsF Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910010710 LiFePO Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910015645 LiMn Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001940 conductive polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001873 dinitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ROORDVPLFPIABK-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenyl carbonate Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1OC(=O)OC1=CC=CC=C1 ROORDVPLFPIABK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003063 flame retardant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012025 fluorinating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910021469 graphitizable carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007602 hot air drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004898 kneading Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001989 lithium alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004768 lowest unoccupied molecular orbital Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052976 metal sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011325 microbead Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910021382 natural graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910021470 non-graphitizable carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004745 nonwoven fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- XNGIFLGASWRNHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L phthalate(2-) Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C([O-])=O XNGIFLGASWRNHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920000767 polyaniline Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000139 polyethylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005020 polyethylene terephthalate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920003048 styrene butadiene rubber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002194 synthesizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920003002 synthetic resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000057 synthetic resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000001988 toxicity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000419 toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000009834 vaporization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008016 vaporization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M6/00—Primary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M6/14—Cells with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M6/16—Cells with non-aqueous electrolyte with organic electrolyte
- H01M6/162—Cells with non-aqueous electrolyte with organic electrolyte characterised by the electrolyte
- H01M6/168—Cells with non-aqueous electrolyte with organic electrolyte characterised by the electrolyte by additives
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
- H01M10/0566—Liquid materials
- H01M10/0567—Liquid materials characterised by the additives
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/4235—Safety or regulating additives or arrangements in electrodes, separators or electrolyte
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
- H01M2300/0017—Non-aqueous electrolytes
- H01M2300/0025—Organic electrolyte
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an electrolyte additive for a non-aqueous electrolyte battery, a battery non-aqueous electrolyte containing the additive, and a non-aqueous electrolyte battery including the non-aqueous electrolyte, and in particular, a thermal runaway start temperature.
- the present invention relates to a non-aqueous electrolyte battery with improved performance.
- non-aqueous electrolyte battery using lithium as a negative electrode active material is known as one of the batteries having a high energy density because the electrode potential of lithium is the lowest among metals and the electric capacity per unit volume is large.
- batteries whether primary batteries or secondary batteries, have been actively researched, and some have been put into practical use and supplied to the market.
- non-aqueous electrolyte primary batteries are used as power sources for cameras, electronic watches, and various memory backups.
- non-aqueous electrolyte secondary batteries are used as drive power sources for notebook computers and mobile phones, and are also being considered for use as main power sources or auxiliary power sources for electric vehicles and fuel cell vehicles. Yes.
- the negative electrode active material lithium reacts violently with a compound having active protons such as water and alcohol, so that the electrolyte used in the battery is an ester compound or an ether compound.
- aprotic organic solvents such as
- the aprotic organic solvent has low reactivity with the negative electrode active material lithium, for example, a large current suddenly flows when the battery is short-circuited, and the battery abnormally generates heat. There is a high risk of vaporization 'decomposing to generate gas, rupture of the battery due to the generated gas and heat, and ignition of sparks generated at the time of short circuit.
- Non-aqueous electrolyte batteries have been developed that provide non-flammability, flame retardancy, or self-extinguishing properties, and greatly reduce the risk of ignition of the battery in the event of a short circuit or other accident (see WO 02/21631). Issue pamphlet and International Publication No. 03Z041197 pamphlet).
- the present inventor has added a cyclic phosphazene compound having a specific structure to the non-aqueous electrolyte so that the thermal runaway start temperature of the non-aqueous electrolyte battery can be increased. Has been found to increase significantly, and the present invention has been completed.
- the additive for electrolyte solution of the nonaqueous electrolyte battery of the present invention has the following formula (I):
- each X is independently F or C1, provided that all X are not the same.
- N is 3 or 4, and is characterized by comprising a phosphazene compound in which the number of C1 bonded to each P is 0 or 1.
- n in the formula (I) is 3, and among 6 Xs:! To 3 are C1 is there.
- N in the middle is 4, and 2 to 4 out of 8 X's are C1.
- a nonaqueous electrolytic solution for a battery of the present invention is characterized by containing the above-mentioned additive for electrolytic solution, an aprotic organic solvent, and a supporting salt.
- the non-aqueous electrolyte battery of the present invention comprises the above non-aqueous electrolyte for a battery, a positive electrode, and a negative electrode. It can be either a primary battery or a secondary battery.
- the non-aqueous electrolyte battery of the present invention preferably has a thermal runaway start temperature of 200 ° C or higher.
- an electrolyte solution for a nonaqueous electrolyte battery which is composed of a cyclic phosphazene compound having a specific structure and can significantly increase the thermal runaway start temperature of the nonaqueous electrolyte battery.
- Additives can be provided. Further, it is possible to provide a nonaqueous electrolytic solution for a battery containing the additive and having greatly improved safety. Furthermore, a non-aqueous electrolyte battery provided with the non-aqueous electrolyte for the battery and having a significantly improved thermal runaway temperature can be provided.
- FIG. 1 shows a GC-MS GC chart of the reaction mixture obtained in Synthesis Example 1.
- FIG. 2 shows the results of ARC analysis of non-aqueous electrolyte secondary batteries of conventional and comparative examples:!
- FIG. 3 shows the results of ARC analysis of the non-aqueous electrolyte secondary batteries of the conventional example, the comparative example 4 and the example.
- the additive for electrolyte solution of the nonaqueous electrolyte battery of the present invention is characterized by comprising a cyclic phosphazene compound represented by the above formula (I) and having 0 or 1 C1 bonded to each P.
- the phosphazene compound has an effect of suppressing the exothermic reaction of the non-aqueous electrolyte and suppresses thermal runaway of the battery, and the non-aqueous electrolyte provided with the non-aqueous electrolyte containing the phosphazene compound Liquid batteries have high safety due to high thermal runaway start temperature.
- the phosphazene compound generates nitrogen gas and / or phosphate ester in an emergency of a non-aqueous electrolyte battery, thereby making the non-aqueous electrolyte non-flammable, flame retardant, or self-extinguishing. It also has the effect of greatly reducing the risk of such problems.
- the phosphazene compound constituting the additive for electrolyte of the nonaqueous electrolyte battery of the present invention is represented by the above formula (I).
- each X is independently F or C1, provided that all Xs are not the same.
- the use of a compound containing a halogen element may cause the generation of halogen radicals.
- the phosphazene compound described above forms phosphorus halides because the phosphorus element in the molecule traps the halogen radicals. The problem is Does not occur.
- n is 3 or 4.
- the viscosity of the phosphazene compound at 25 ° C. is more preferably 5 mPa ′s or less, preferably lOmPa ′s or less, from the viewpoint of sufficiently securing the charge / discharge characteristics of the battery.
- the viscosity is measured using a viscosity meter [R-type viscometer Model RE500_SL, manufactured by Toki Sangyo Co., Ltd.], lrpm, 2 mm, 3 rpm, 5 rpm, 7 rpm, lOrpm, 20 rpm and 50 mm. Measured at each rotational speed of m for 120 seconds, the rotational speed at the indicated value of 50-60% is taken as the analysis condition, and the value measured at that time.
- a viscosity meter [R-type viscometer Model RE500_SL, manufactured by Toki Sangyo Co., Ltd.], lrpm, 2 mm, 3 rpm, 5 rpm, 7 rpm, lOrpm, 20 rpm and 50 mm. Measured at each rotational speed of m for 120 seconds, the rotational speed at the indicated value of 50-60% is taken as the analysis condition, and the value measured at that time.
- the number of C1 bonded to each P is 0 or 1.
- C1 is a large element, it is easy to desorb because of its steric hindrance. Therefore, a phosphazene compound in which two C1s are bonded to one P is insufficient in the effect of suppressing the thermal runaway of a highly reactive battery, and can sufficiently raise the thermal runaway start temperature of the battery.
- the phosphazene compound may undergo reductive decomposition depending on the potential used, and may not be satisfactory as a battery function.
- a geminal isomer A phosphazene compound in which is bonded is referred to as a geminal isomer, and a phosphazene compound in which each C1 is bonded to P is sometimes referred to as a non-geminal isomer.
- n in the formula (I) is 3, and 1 to 3 out of 6 Xs are C1 and the residual force, and the formula (I) is the n force, and 2 to 4 out of 8 Xs are C1 and the rest are F.
- the freezing point of the phosphazene compound which is X force or C1 in formula (I) is shown in Table 1 together with boiling point and viscosity at 25 ° C.
- the freezing point is minimum in a specific C1 number range, and when n is 3, the C1 number is preferably in the range of 1-3. When n is 4, the number of C1 is preferably in the range of 2-5.
- the phosphazene compound preferably has a freezing point of 10 ° C or lower.
- the phosphazene compound is synthesized, for example, by reacting a commercially available phosphazene compound represented by (NPC1) with a fluorinating agent such as sodium fluoride (NaF) in a nitrobenzene solvent and partially fluorinating it. it can.
- a fluorinating agent such as sodium fluoride (NaF)
- NaF sodium fluoride
- a conventional synthesis method the synthesis method described in J. Chem. Soc, ser. A., pp. 2590 81968 is known. Since the synthesis method has a low yield, the inventor has made his own The synthesis process was used.
- n 3, and C1 / F ratio of 1/5, 2/4, 3/3, 0.4M of (NPC1)
- NPC1 C1 / F ratio of 1/5, 2/4, 3/3, 0.4M of (NPC1)
- react 2 equivalents of NaF with the nitrobenzene solution then add a very small amount of water, then react with 1 equivalent of NaF, and then distill under reduced pressure to obtain each phosphazene compound.
- the amount of NaF added can be reduced.
- the amount of NaF added can be increased. .
- a phosphazene compound having a desired C1 / F ratio can be synthesized by changing the ratio of (NPC1) / NaF.
- the above phosphazene compounds may be used alone or as a mixture of two or more.
- a non-aqueous electrolyte for a battery according to the present invention includes the above-described additive for a non-aqueous electrolyte, an aprotic organic solvent, and a supporting salt. Thermal runaway is suppressed and ignition is performed. 'Bow
- the aprotic organic solvent used in the battery non-aqueous electrolyte of the present invention is not particularly limited, but ether compounds and ester compounds are preferred from the viewpoint of keeping the viscosity of the electrolyte low. Les. Specifically, 1,2-dimethoxyethane (DME), tetrahydrofuran (THF), dimethyl carbonate (DMC), jetyl carbonate (DEC), diphenyl carbonate, ethylene carbonate (EC), propylene carbonate ( PC), ⁇ _ butyro rataton ( GBL), y-valerolatatone, ethylmethyl carbonate (EMC), methyl formate (MF) and the like are preferable.
- DME 1,2-dimethoxyethane
- THF tetrahydrofuran
- DMC dimethyl carbonate
- DEC jetyl carbonate
- diphenyl carbonate diphenyl carbonate
- EC ethylene carbonate
- PC propylene carbonate
- GBL
- aprotic organic solvent for the non-aqueous electrolyte solution of the primary battery cyclic ester compounds such as propylene carbonate and y-butylate rataton, chain ester compounds such as dimethyl carbonate and ethylmethyl carbonate, While chain ether compounds such as 1,2-dimethoxyethane are preferred, aprotic organic solvents for non-aqueous electrolytes for secondary batteries include ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, Preference is given to cyclic ester compounds such as ratatones, chain ester compounds such as dimethyl carbonate, ethylmethyl carbonate and jetyl carbonate, and chain ether compounds such as 1,2-dimethoxyethane.
- a cyclic ester compound is suitable in that it has a high relative dielectric constant and is excellent in solubility, such as a lithium salt.
- a chain ester ic compound and an ether compound are low in viscosity, and thus have a low viscosity. It is suitable in terms of chemical conversion. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more, but it is preferable to use in combination of two or more.
- the viscosity of the aprotic organic solvent at 25 ° C. is not particularly limited, but is preferably 10 mPa ′ s (10 cP) or less, more preferably 5 mPa ′ s (5 cP) or less.
- the supporting salt used in the non-aqueous electrolyte for a battery of the present invention is preferably a supporting salt serving as a lithium ion source.
- the supporting salt is not particularly limited, but examples thereof include LiCIO, Li
- Preferable examples include lithium salts such as N. These supporting salts can be used alone or as a mixture of two or more.
- the concentration of the supporting salt in the non-aqueous electrolyte for a battery of the present invention is preferably in the range of 0.2 to 1.5 mol / L (M), more preferably in the range of 0.5 to lmol / L (M). Masle. If the concentration of the supporting salt is less than 0.2 mol / L, sufficient conductivity of the electrolyte cannot be ensured, which may hinder battery discharge and charge characteristics. In addition, since the viscosity of the electrolytic solution increases and the mobility of lithium ions cannot be secured sufficiently, the conductivity of the electrolytic solution cannot be secured sufficiently as described above, and the discharge characteristics and charging characteristics of the battery may be hindered. is there.
- the content of the phosphazene compound (that is, the content of the additive) in the nonaqueous electrolytic solution for a battery of the present invention improves the safety of the electrolytic solution and sufficiently increases the thermal runaway start temperature of the battery. From the viewpoint of making it, 2% by volume or more is preferable, and 5% by volume or more is more preferable. [0029] ⁇ Nonaqueous electrolyte battery>
- the non-aqueous electrolyte battery of the present invention includes the above-described non-aqueous electrolyte for a battery, a positive electrode, and a negative electrode, and is usually used in the technical field of non-aqueous electrolyte batteries such as a separator as necessary. Other members are provided, and the battery may be a primary battery or a secondary battery. Since the non-aqueous electrolyte solution containing the above-mentioned additive is used in the non-aqueous electrolyte battery of the present invention, the thermal runaway start temperature of the battery in ARC analysis is high, preferably the thermal runaway start temperature is 200. ° C or higher.
- the positive electrode active material of the non-aqueous electrolyte battery of the present invention is partially different between the primary battery and the secondary battery.
- the positive electrode active material of the non-aqueous electrolyte primary battery fluorinated graphite [( CF)], MnO (electrical n 2 chemical synthesis or chemical synthesis), VO, MoO, Ag CrO, CuO, Cu
- These positive electrode active materials may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- Metal oxides such as 2 5 6 13 2 3, lithium such as LiCoO, LiNiO, LiMn O, LiFeO and LiFePO
- Containing complex oxides metal sulfides such as TiS and MoS, conductive polymers such as polyaniline, etc.
- the lithium-containing composite oxide may be a composite oxide containing two or three transition metals selected from the group consisting of Fe, Mn, Co and Ni.
- the composite oxide is LiFe Co Ni O [where 0 ⁇ ⁇ 1, 0 ⁇ y ⁇ l, 0 ⁇ x + y
- LiCoO, LiNiO, and LiMn O are particularly suitable because of their excellent electrolyte wettability.
- These positive electrode active materials may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the negative electrode active material of the non-aqueous electrolyte battery of the present invention is partially different between the primary battery and the secondary battery.
- the negative electrode active material of the non-aqueous electrolyte primary battery includes lithium metal itself.
- lithium alloys examples of metals that form alloys with lithium include Sn, Pb, Al, Au, Pt, In, Zn, Cd, Ag, and Mg.
- Al, Zn, and Mg are preferable from the viewpoints of reserves and toxicity.
- These negative electrode active materials may be used alone or in combination of two or more May be used in combination.
- the negative electrode active material of the non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery lithium metal itself, an alloy of lithium and A1, In, Pb, Zn or the like, a carbon material such as graphite doped with lithium, or the like is preferable.
- graphite which is preferred for a carbon material such as graphite, is particularly preferred because it has higher safety and is superior in wettability of an electrolyte.
- examples of graphite include natural graphite, artificial black lead, mesophase carbon microbeads (MCMB), and the like, and widely include graphitizable carbon and non-graphitizable carbon.
- These negative electrode active materials may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the positive electrode and the negative electrode can be mixed with a conductive agent and a binder as necessary.
- the conductive agent include acetylene black
- the binder is polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF).
- PVDF polyvinylidene fluoride
- PTFE Polytetrafluoroethylene
- SBR styrene butadiene rubber
- CMC strong ruxymethyl cellulose
- the shape of the positive electrode and the negative electrode can be appropriately selected as a medium force known in the art as an electrode without particular limitation.
- a sheet shape, a columnar shape, a plate shape, a spiral shape, and the like can be given.
- a separator interposed between the positive and negative electrodes in the role of preventing current short-circuiting due to contact of both electrodes in the non-aqueous electrolyte battery.
- a material that can reliably prevent contact between both electrodes and that can pass or contain an electrolyte solution such as polytetrafluoroethylene, polypropylene, polyethylene, cenorelose, polybutylene terephthalate, polyethylene
- an electrolyte solution such as polytetrafluoroethylene, polypropylene, polyethylene, cenorelose, polybutylene terephthalate, polyethylene
- a non-woven fabric made of a synthetic resin such as phthalate, a thin layer film and the like are preferable.
- polypropylene or polyethylene microporous film having a thickness of about 20 to 50 ⁇ m, and vinylome such as cenorelose, polybutylene terephthalate, and polyethylene terephthalate are particularly suitable.
- vinylome such as cenorelose, polybutylene terephthalate, and polyethylene terephthalate
- known members that are normally used in batteries can be suitably used.
- the form of the non-aqueous electrolyte battery of the present invention described above is not particularly limited, such as a coin type, a button type, a paper type, a square type or a spiral type cylindrical battery.
- a non-aqueous electrolyte battery can be produced by preparing a sheet-like positive electrode and negative electrode and sandwiching a separator between the positive electrode and the negative electrode.
- the spiral structure for example, it is possible to produce a nonaqueous electrolyte battery by stacking and winding up a sheet-like positive electrode and a negative electrode through a separator.
- a nonaqueous electrolyte was prepared by dissolving LiPF (supporting salt) at a concentration of 1M (mol / L) in the resulting mixed solution.
- LiCoO positive electrode active material
- acetylene black conductive agent
- polyvinylidene fluoride binder
- organic solvent ethyl acetate and ethanol
- acetylene black conductive agent
- 3 parts by mass of polyvinylidene fluoride binder
- a solvent 50/50 wt% mixed solvent of acetic acid Echiru and ethanol
- the positive electrode sheet and the negative electrode sheet were overlapped and rolled up through a separator (microporous film: made of polypropylene) having a thickness of 25 ⁇ m to produce a cylindrical electrode.
- the positive electrode length of the cylindrical electrode was about 260 mm.
- the above electrolytic solution was injected into the cylindrical electrode and sealed to prepare an AA lithium battery (nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery).
- the obtained battery was charged under the conditions of 4.2 V and 3.7 mAh, and then ARC analysis was performed by the following method. The results are shown in FIGS. 2 and 3 and Table 2.
- start temperature 50 ° C
- end temperature 350 ° C
- temperature step 5 ° C
- temperature sensitivity 0.02 ° C / min
- standby time 17 minutes
- analysis step temperature 0.2 ° C
- Thermal ARC analysis was performed on the batteries using an ARC device manufactured by Hazar d Technology.
- Fig. 2 and Fig. 3 in the stepped region, the battery did not run out of heat, and the temperature was raised by applying heat from the outside, and the thermal runaway start temperature was obtained from the last step.
- the self-heating rate was obtained from the slope at the thermal runaway start temperature.
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Abstract
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JP2004240732A JP2006059682A (ja) | 2004-08-20 | 2004-08-20 | 非水電解液電池の電解液用添加剤、電池用非水電解液及び非水電解液電池 |
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JP4787477B2 (ja) * | 2004-08-20 | 2011-10-05 | 株式会社ブリヂストン | 非水電解液電池の電解液用添加剤、電池用非水電解液及び非水電解液電池 |
JP5493288B2 (ja) * | 2008-03-11 | 2014-05-14 | 日立化成株式会社 | 電解液及びこれを用いた二次電池 |
WO2010101179A1 (fr) * | 2009-03-03 | 2010-09-10 | 株式会社Nttファシリティーズ | Batterie lithium-ion |
JPWO2011027530A1 (ja) * | 2009-09-02 | 2013-01-31 | パナソニック株式会社 | 非水溶媒、並びにそれを用いた非水電解液および非水系二次電池 |
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WO2003041197A1 (fr) * | 2001-11-07 | 2003-05-15 | Bridgestone Corporation | Cellule primaire a electrolyte non aqueux et additif pour electrolyte non aqueux de ladite cellule |
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JPH0963644A (ja) * | 1995-06-13 | 1997-03-07 | Mitsui Petrochem Ind Ltd | 非水電解液及び非水電解液電池 |
US5830600A (en) * | 1996-05-24 | 1998-11-03 | Sri International | Nonflammable/self-extinguishing electrolytes for batteries |
JPH1160243A (ja) * | 1997-08-13 | 1999-03-02 | Mitsui Mining & Smelting Co Ltd | 水酸化ニッケル、ニッケル酸リチウム及びこれらの製造方法、並びに該ニッケル酸リチウムを用いたリチウムイオン二次電池 |
JP2001023687A (ja) * | 1999-07-09 | 2001-01-26 | Sony Corp | 非水電解質電池 |
JP2003532976A (ja) * | 1999-11-05 | 2003-11-05 | コノコフィリップス カンパニー | リチウム系蓄電池用の複合炭素電極 |
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CA2423842C (fr) * | 2000-09-07 | 2011-05-31 | Bridgestone Corporation | Additif pour electrolyte liquide non aqueux, cellule secondaire d'electrolyte liquide non aqueux et condensateur electrique d'electrolyte liquide non aqueux a double couche |
CA2422109C (fr) * | 2000-09-07 | 2010-08-17 | Bridgestone Corporation | Additif pour element secondaire a electrolyte liquide non aqueux, element secondaire a electrolyte liquide non aqueux, additif pour condensateur double couche electrique a electrolyte liquide non aqueux et condensateur double couche electrique a electrolyte liquide non aqueux |
JP4787477B2 (ja) * | 2004-08-20 | 2011-10-05 | 株式会社ブリヂストン | 非水電解液電池の電解液用添加剤、電池用非水電解液及び非水電解液電池 |
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WO2003041197A1 (fr) * | 2001-11-07 | 2003-05-15 | Bridgestone Corporation | Cellule primaire a electrolyte non aqueux et additif pour electrolyte non aqueux de ladite cellule |
JP2004006301A (ja) * | 2002-04-10 | 2004-01-08 | Bridgestone Corp | 非水電解液2次電池用の正極及びその製造方法、並びに該正極を備えた非水電解液2次電池 |
WO2003090295A1 (fr) * | 2002-04-19 | 2003-10-30 | Bridgestone Corporation | Electrode positive pour batterie d'electrolyte non aqueux, son procede de production et batterie d'electrolyte non aqueux |
JP2005116306A (ja) * | 2003-10-07 | 2005-04-28 | Japan Storage Battery Co Ltd | 非水電解質二次電池 |
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JP2005190873A (ja) * | 2003-12-26 | 2005-07-14 | Bridgestone Corp | 電池用非水電解液及びそれを備えた非水電解液電池 |
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