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WO2006017532A2 - Systeme d'identification de canal de diffusion - Google Patents

Systeme d'identification de canal de diffusion Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2006017532A2
WO2006017532A2 PCT/US2005/027481 US2005027481W WO2006017532A2 WO 2006017532 A2 WO2006017532 A2 WO 2006017532A2 US 2005027481 W US2005027481 W US 2005027481W WO 2006017532 A2 WO2006017532 A2 WO 2006017532A2
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
period
time
signals
determining
over
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US2005/027481
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English (en)
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WO2006017532A3 (fr
Inventor
Frederick S. Ziegler
Original Assignee
Ziegler Frederick S
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
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Application filed by Ziegler Frederick S filed Critical Ziegler Frederick S
Publication of WO2006017532A2 publication Critical patent/WO2006017532A2/fr
Publication of WO2006017532A3 publication Critical patent/WO2006017532A3/fr

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04H—BROADCAST COMMUNICATION
    • H04H60/00—Arrangements for broadcast applications with a direct linking to broadcast information or broadcast space-time; Broadcast-related systems
    • H04H60/35—Arrangements for identifying or recognising characteristics with a direct linkage to broadcast information or to broadcast space-time, e.g. for identifying broadcast stations or for identifying users
    • H04H60/38—Arrangements for identifying or recognising characteristics with a direct linkage to broadcast information or to broadcast space-time, e.g. for identifying broadcast stations or for identifying users for identifying broadcast time or space
    • H04H60/41—Arrangements for identifying or recognising characteristics with a direct linkage to broadcast information or to broadcast space-time, e.g. for identifying broadcast stations or for identifying users for identifying broadcast time or space for identifying broadcast space, i.e. broadcast channels, broadcast stations or broadcast areas
    • H04H60/43—Arrangements for identifying or recognising characteristics with a direct linkage to broadcast information or to broadcast space-time, e.g. for identifying broadcast stations or for identifying users for identifying broadcast time or space for identifying broadcast space, i.e. broadcast channels, broadcast stations or broadcast areas for identifying broadcast channels
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04H—BROADCAST COMMUNICATION
    • H04H60/00—Arrangements for broadcast applications with a direct linking to broadcast information or broadcast space-time; Broadcast-related systems
    • H04H60/35—Arrangements for identifying or recognising characteristics with a direct linkage to broadcast information or to broadcast space-time, e.g. for identifying broadcast stations or for identifying users
    • H04H60/38—Arrangements for identifying or recognising characteristics with a direct linkage to broadcast information or to broadcast space-time, e.g. for identifying broadcast stations or for identifying users for identifying broadcast time or space
    • H04H60/40—Arrangements for identifying or recognising characteristics with a direct linkage to broadcast information or to broadcast space-time, e.g. for identifying broadcast stations or for identifying users for identifying broadcast time or space for identifying broadcast time
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04H—BROADCAST COMMUNICATION
    • H04H60/00—Arrangements for broadcast applications with a direct linking to broadcast information or broadcast space-time; Broadcast-related systems
    • H04H60/56—Arrangements characterised by components specially adapted for monitoring, identification or recognition covered by groups H04H60/29-H04H60/54
    • H04H60/58—Arrangements characterised by components specially adapted for monitoring, identification or recognition covered by groups H04H60/29-H04H60/54 of audio
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04H—BROADCAST COMMUNICATION
    • H04H60/00—Arrangements for broadcast applications with a direct linking to broadcast information or broadcast space-time; Broadcast-related systems
    • H04H60/68—Systems specially adapted for using specific information, e.g. geographical or meteorological information
    • H04H60/73—Systems specially adapted for using specific information, e.g. geographical or meteorological information using meta-information
    • H04H60/74—Systems specially adapted for using specific information, e.g. geographical or meteorological information using meta-information using programme related information, e.g. title, composer or interpreter

Definitions

  • This invention relates to the field of automatically identifying the broadcast channel tuned on a broadcast receiver for processing.
  • a “broadcast receiver” is a device capable of tuning to one or more broadcast channels, and that has a method for outputting an audio signal of the content broadcasted on the currently tuned channel (e.g., a radio or a TV receiving an airwave broadcast), (ii.) In one embodiment, a "broadcast” is a transmission of content to one or more broadcast receivers
  • broadcast channel and channel refer to a unique value used to tune a broadcast receiver to receive broadcasts from a given broadcaster (e.g., a radio station frequency, such as 98.5 MHz, or a TV channel, such as channel 2).
  • a “broadcast channel identification system” (BCIS) is a system that identifies the broadcast channel tuned on a broadcast receiver.
  • a content identification service that allows a consumer to react immediately and with little effort to a broadcast (e.g., by pressing a button) is likely to have commercial advantages over the current experience.
  • One way of identifying broadcasted content is to store the timestamp and channel of a broadcast, and later look up what was being broadcast at that time on that channel.
  • the invention comprises a broadcast channel identification system, a system that identifies the broadcast channel tuned on a broadcast receiver.
  • the broadcast channel identification system is communicably coupled to a broadcast receiver, and outputs the channel tuned on that receiver. This information can then be used, along with a timestamp, to later determine the content that was broadcast at that time on that channel. DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
  • TABLE 1 is a table that defines method letters A through L as referring to specific methods used as components of the invention. Certain configurations of the invention are complex, and the use of method letters helps to simplify the drawings and explanations of these methods.
  • FIG. 1 shows possible interactions between various components of the invention, using the method definitions found in TABLE 1. The convention used is that a high level component appears on the left, with its possible sub-components on its right connected with an arrow pointing at the sub ⁇ component.
  • a broadcast channel identification system (100) includes an external audio signal (105), Method A for determining the channel tuned on an external receiver producing the audio signal (110) and an output interface (115).
  • Method A for determining the channel tuned on an external receiver producing the audio signal (110) includes an internal receiver (120), a comparison system (125), and a control system (130).
  • a comparison system (125) includes Method C for determining whether two signals are highly similar over a period of time (135).
  • a control system (130) may include Method B for determining the channel tuned on an internal receiver (140) and includes Method D for setting the channel of the internal receiver (145).
  • Method C for determining whether two signals are highly similar over a period of time (135) may use an analog signal processing method (150), a digital signal processing method (155), or a mixed signal processing method (160).
  • Method C for determining whether two signals are highly similar over a period of time (135) may include band pass filters (162), dual comparators (164), Method F for subtracting one signal from another (166), and Method G for determining if a signal remains close to zero over a period of time (168).
  • Method F for subtracting one signal from another (166) may include a differential amplifier (178).
  • Method G for determining if a signal remains close to zero over a period of time (168) may include a rectifier system (188), a comparator (190), and Method H for determining if a binary signal remains at binary 0 over a period of time (192).
  • Method H for determining if a binary signal remains at binary 0 over a period of time (192) may include a flip-flop system (194).
  • Method C for determining whether two signals are highly similar over a period of time (135) may include Method I for normalizing the amplitudes of two signals (170) and Method J for determining whether two normalized signals are highly similar over a period of time (172).
  • Method I for normalizing the amplitudes of two signals (170) may include two AGCs (180) or one AGC (182).
  • (172) may include Method F for subtracting one signal from another (166) and Method G for determining if a signal remains close to zero over a period of time (168). Further components of
  • (135) may include Method K for determining the phase difference between two signals over a period of time (174) and Method L for determining if a signal remains constant over a period of time (176).
  • Method K for determining the phase difference between two signals over a period of time (174) may include a phase detector system (184).
  • Method L for determining if a signal remains constant over a period of time (176) may include a differentiator (186).
  • FIG. 2 shows a broadcast channel identification system (215) communicably coupled to an external receiver channel output (210) and an external broadcast receiver (200).
  • FIG. 3 shows a broadcast channel identification system (305) communicably coupled to an external receiver channel output (310) and receiving an audio signal (315) from an external broadcast receiver
  • FIG. 4 shows a broadcast channel identification system (405) communicably coupled to an external receiver channel output (410) and the audio speaker channel (415) carrying the audio signal (420) of an external broadcast receiver (400).
  • FIG. 5 shows a broadcast channel identification system (505) communicably coupled to an external receiver channel output (510) and receiving a pre-amp audio signal (515) from an external broadcast receiver (500).
  • a broadcast channel identification system 505 communicably coupled to an external receiver channel output (510) and receiving a pre-amp audio signal (515) from an external broadcast receiver (500).
  • FIG. 6 shows a broadcast channel identification system (605) communicably coupled to an external receiver channel output (610) and receiving an audio signal (625) from a microphone (620) receiving audio from an audio speaker (615) of an external broadcast receiver (600).
  • a broadcast channel identification system 605 communicably coupled to an external receiver channel output (610) and receiving an audio signal (625) from a microphone (620) receiving audio from an audio speaker (615) of an external broadcast receiver (600).
  • FIG. 7 shows a broadcast channel identification system (700) comprising a comparison system (705) receiving an audio signal (725), an internal broadcast receiver (710), and a control system (715), and communicably coupled to an external receiver channel output (720).
  • a comparison system 705 receiving an audio signal (725), an internal broadcast receiver (710), and a control system (715), and communicably coupled to an external receiver channel output (720).
  • FIG. 8 shows a broadcast channel identification system (800) comprising a comparison system (805) receiving an audio signal (825), an internal broadcast receiver (810), and a control system (815) communicably coupled to an external receiver channel output (820).
  • FIG. 9 shows a broadcast channel identification system (900) comprising a comparison system (905) receiving an audio signal (925), an internal scanning receiver (910) communicably coupled to an external receiver channel output (920), and a control system (915).
  • FIG. 10 shows a broadcast channel identification system (1000) comprising a comparison system (1005) receiving an audio signal (1025), an internal direct tune receiver (1010) communicably coupled to an external receiver channel output (1020), and a control system (1015).
  • FIG. 11 shows a broadcast channel identification system (1100) comprising a comparison system (1105) receiving an audio signal (1130), an internal multi-band receiver (1110) communicably coupled to an external receiver band output (1120), and a control system (1115), and communicably coupled to an external receiver channel output (1125).
  • FIG. 12 shows a broadcast channel identification system (1200) comprising a comparison system (1205) receiving an audio signal (1230), an internal multi-band receiver (1210), and a control system (1215), and communicably coupled to an external receiver channel output (1220) and to an external receiver band output (1225).
  • a comparison system (1205) receiving an audio signal (1230), an internal multi-band receiver (1210), and a control system (1215), and communicably coupled to an external receiver channel output (1220) and to an external receiver band output (1225).
  • FIG. 13 shows a band-pass filter comparison system (1300) that filters two signals and determines if they are similar.
  • Signal 1 (1305) is fed into two band pass filters,/ / (1315) and/ (1320), and their outputs (pifi and bfc, respectively) are fed into a dual comparator (1335)
  • signal 2 (1310) is fed into two band pass filters,/ / (1325) and/ (1330), and their outputs ⁇ brfi and ⁇ S, respectively) are fed into a dual comparator (1340).
  • the output signals c/ from signal l's dual comparator and c ⁇ from signal 2's dual comparator are fed into a method for subtracting one signal from another (1345), and its output is fed into a method for determining if a signal remains close to zero (1350). This resulting signal e is the output of the system.
  • FIG. 14 shows a band-pass filter comparison system (1400) that filters two signals and determines if they are similar.
  • Signal 1 (1405) is fed into two band pass filters,/ (1415) and/ (1420), and their outputs are fed into a dual comparator (1435)
  • signal 2 (1410) is fed into two band pass filters,/ (1425) and/ (1430), and their outputs are fed into a dual comparator (1440).
  • the output signals c; from signal 1 's dual comparator and C 2 from signal 2's dual comparator are fed into a differential amplifier (1445), and its output signal d is fed into a method for determining if a signal remains close to zero over a period of time (1450).
  • This method comprises a rectifier system (1455) that feeds into a comparator (1460) that, in turn, feeds into a method for determining if a binary signal remains close to zero over a period of time (1465).
  • the resulting signal e is the output of the system.
  • FIG. 15 shows a band-pass filter comparison system (1500) that filters two signals and determines if they are similar.
  • Signal 1 (1505) is fed into two band pass filters,// (1515) and/ (1520), and their outputs are fed into a dual comparator (1535), and signal 2 (1510) is fed into two band pass filters,/ / (1525) and/ (1530), and their outputs are fed into a dual comparator (1540).
  • the output signals C 1 from signal Ts dual comparator and c 2 from signal 2 5 s dual comparator are fed into a differential amplifier (1545), and its output signal d is fed into a method for determining if a signal remains close to zero over a period of time (1550).
  • This method comprises a rectifier system (1555) that feeds into a comparator (1560) that, in turn, feeds into the "set” input (1565) of a flip-flop system (1575).
  • the "reset" input (1570) of the flip-flop system is available for external manipulation.
  • the resulting signal e from the flip-flop system is the output (1580) of the system.
  • FIG. 16 shows a dual AGC signal normalizing system (1600) that normalizes two signals.
  • Signal ⁇ / feeds into an AGC system (1605), and signal a 2 feeds into another AGC system (1610), resulting in normalized signals bi and b 2 .
  • FIG. 17 shows a single AGC signal normalizing system (1700) that normalizes two signals.
  • Signal a feeds into an AGC system (1705), and signal a 2 feeds straight through, resulting in normalized signals bi and b 2 .
  • FIG. 18 shows a method for determining whether two normalized signals are highly similar over a period of time (1800). Signals ⁇ / and a 2 feed into a method for subtracting one signal from another (1805), and the resulting difference signal b is fed into a method for determining if a signal remains close to zero over a period of time (1810). The resulting signal c is the output of the method.
  • FIG. 19 shows a method for determining whether two normalized signals are highly similar over a period of time (1900). Signal ⁇ / is fed into a comparator (1910) and signal a 2 is fed into another comparator (1915).
  • the resulting difference signals b ⁇ and b 2 are fed into an XOR system (1920), whose output signal c is fed into a method for determining if a signal remains at binary zero over a period of time (1925).
  • the resulting signal d is the output of the method.
  • FIG. 20 shows a method for determining whether two signals are highly similar over a period of time (2000). Signals ⁇ / and a 2 are fed into a method for determining the phase difference between two signals (2005), and the resulting phase difference signal b is fed into a method for determining if a signal remains constant over a period of time (2010).
  • the resulting signal c is the output of the method.
  • FIG. '21 shows a method for determining the phase difference between two signals (2105) aj and a 2 that have been normalized by a dual AGC signal normalizing system (2100).
  • FIG. 22 shows a method for determining the phase difference between two signals (2205) where one signal, ⁇ /, has been normalized by an AGC signal normalizing system (2200).
  • FIG. 23 shows a method for determining if a signal remains constant over a period of time (2300) that comprises an RC differentiator circuit (2305) comprising a resistor R (2310) 3 a capacitor C (2315), and a connection to ground (2310).
  • an RC differentiator circuit (2305) comprising a resistor R (2310) 3 a capacitor C (2315), and a connection to ground (2310).
  • FIG. 24 shows a method for determining if a signal remains constant over a period of time (2400) that comprises an op-amp differentiator circuit (2405) comprising an op-amp (2410), a resistor R (2415), a capacitor C (2420), and a connection to ground (2425).
  • an op-amp differentiator circuit (2405) comprising an op-amp (2410), a resistor R (2415), a capacitor C (2420), and a connection to ground (2425).
  • FIG. 25 shows a broadcast channel identification system (2500) communicably coupled to a content identification information output (2505).
  • FIG. 26 shows a broadcast channel identification system (2600) comprising a comparison system
  • the invention determines the channel tuned on a broadcast receiver, among other possible functions. It does this by comparing an audio signal from this receiver with an audio signal from an internal broadcast receiver. If the signals don't match, it continuously changes the channel tuned on the internal receiver until it finds a match. The identity of the matching station is made available as an output of the invention.
  • Embodiments of the invention support a number of configurations.
  • the broadcast receiver may receive AM, FM, TV, satellite radio, or other broadcast streams, or a combination of these.
  • the invention may receive the broadcast receiver audio directly, as through a speaker or pre-amp connection, or through a microphone.
  • a broadcast channel identification system (205) identifies the channel tuned on a broadcast receiver (200) and outputs this information (210).
  • information can be read from a component of the invention by means of its
  • output interface for this information, (iii.)
  • information can be written to a component of the invention by means of its
  • a "broadcast band” is a particular band of broadcasting, such as AM, FM, TV, or satellite radio, (v.) In one embodiment, the invention may identify the channel tuned on an external broadcast receiver
  • an “external audio signal” is an audio signal (315) from an external receiver (300).
  • an "internal receiver” is an internal broadcast receiver (710) that receives at least one of the broadcast bands supported by an external receiver, that has a method for setting its channel, and there exists a method (B) for determining the channel tuned on it.
  • an "external receiver channel” is the channel tuned on an external receiver,
  • an “analog signal processing method” is a method for processing signals using analog components,
  • a “digital signal processing method” is a method for processing signals using digital components
  • a “mixed signal processing method” is a method for processing signals by some combination of analog and digital signal processing.
  • a broadcast channel identification system may use an analog, digital, or mixed signal processing method to determine the channel tuned on an external receiver.
  • a broadcast channel identification system (305) has a method (A) for determining the channel tuned on an external receiver (300) producing an audio signal (315).
  • a broadcast channel identification system uses an analog signal processing method (A) for determining the channel tuned on an external receiver producing an audio signal,
  • a broadcast channel identification system uses a digital signal processing method (A) for determining the channel tuned on an external receiver producing an audio signal.
  • a broadcast channel identification system uses a mixed signal processing method (A) for determining the channel tuned on an external receiver producing an audio signal.
  • a broadcast channel identification system can read the channel tuned on its internal receiver and output this value, (xvi.)
  • a broadcast channel identification system (700) has a method (B) for determining the channel tuned on an internal receiver (710).
  • a broadcast channel identification system (305) has a method (A) for determining the channel tuned on the external receiver (300) producing an external audio signal (315), and has a method (E) for outputting the channel tuned on the external receiver (310).
  • the audio source for a broadcast channel identification system can take a variety of forms, xviii.)
  • the source of an external audio signal (420) is a speaker output
  • the source of an external audio signal (515) is a pre-amp output from an external receiver (500).
  • the source of an external audio signal (625) is audio from a speaker (615) playing audio from an external receiver (600).
  • the invention compares the audio signals from the external and internal broadcast receivers in order to determine if the receivers are tuned to the same channel.
  • the comparison system determines whether the two signals are highly similar; if they are, then the receivers are tuned to the same channel.
  • the comparison system may compare the audio signals from the external and internal broadcast receivers by analog or digital signal processing, or a combination of the two.
  • the control system monitors the comparison system and manipulates the internal broadcast receiver to try to find the matching channel, (i.)
  • highly similar signals may differ from each other in overall amplitude and/or phase; however, the ratio between the amplitudes of two highly similar signals is normally constant over a period of time, and the difference in phase between two highly similar signals is normally constant over a period of time.
  • the ratio between their amplitudes is rarely constant over a period of time, and the difference in phase between them is rarely constant over a period of time.
  • the ratio between the amplitudes of two audio signals that do not originate from the same channel will normally fluctuate over a period of time, and which signal has the higher amplitude is likely to change repeatedly over long enough periods of time.
  • the difference in the phase between two audio signals that do not originate from the same channel will normally fluctuate over a period of time, and which signal leads the other in phase is likely to change repeatedly over long enough periods of time.
  • the longer the period of time chosen to compare two signals the higher the probability that signals that do not originate from the same channel will diverge in amplitude and phase.
  • a method (C) for determining whether the two signals from the two receivers are highly similar over a period of time can be used to determine whether the two receivers are tuned to the same channel over that period of time, under normal circumstances.
  • a broadcast channel identification system can determine whether two signals are highly similar over a period of time using analog, digital, or mixed signal processing methods.
  • a broadcast channel identification system has a method (C) for determining whether two signals are highly similar over a period of time.
  • a broadcast channel identification system uses an analog signal processing method (C) for determining whether two signals are highly similar over a period of time.
  • a broadcast channel identification system uses a digital signal processing method (C) for determining whether two signals are highly similar over a period of time.
  • a broadcast channel identification system uses a mixed signal processing method (C) for determining whether two signals are highly similar over a period of time.
  • a broadcast channel identification system has a comparison system that can determine whether two signals are highly similar over a period of time using analog, digital, or mixed signal processing methods.
  • a “comparison system” determines whether the audio signals from an internal (710) and an external receiver are highly similar over a period of time, method (C). The output for this result is known as the "comparison result.”
  • a "control system” (715) has a method (D) for setting the channel of an internal receiver (710), has a method (B) for determining the channel tuned on it, and is communicably coupled to a comparison system (705).
  • a comparison system uses an analog signal processing method (C) for determining whether two signals are highly similar over a period of time
  • a comparison system uses a digital signal processing method (C) for determining whether two signals are highly similar over a period of time
  • a comparison system uses a mixed signal processing method (C) for determining whether two signals are highly similar over a period of time.
  • a broadcast channel identification system (700) has a method (D) for setting the channel of an internal receiver (710).
  • a broadcast channel identification system (700) comprises an internal receiver (710), a comparison system (705) capable of comparing the audio signals from the internal receiver and an external audio signal source (725), and a control system (715) capable of tuning the internal receiver and determining the comparison result, and a method (E) for outputting the channel tuned on an external receiver (720).
  • a control system (815) has a method (E) for outputting the channel tuned on an external receiver (820).
  • the invention has an internal broadcast receiver that it can tune in order to supply an audio signal with which to compare the audio signal from the external broadcast receiver. Normally, the control system sequentially tunes the internal receiver to different channels until the audio signals match.
  • the control system sequentially tunes the internal receiver to different channels until the audio signals match.
  • the invention can be configured with any and all of these receivers. If the receiver has an interface for reading its currently tuned channel, band, or other status, then this interface may be used as an output of the invention.
  • a "scanning receiver” is an internal receiver (910) with a method for triggering it to scan through channels until it finds one with a signal, and has a method for reading its currently tuned channel
  • a "direct tune receiver” is an internal receiver (1010) with a method for tuning it to a particular channel.
  • an internal receiver may have attributes of both a scanning and a direct tune receiver.
  • a method (B) for determining the channel tuned on a scanning receiver (910) is to read the channel information from its output interface
  • a method (B) for determining the channel tuned on a direct tune receiver (1010) is to access the value used to set its channel
  • a direct tune receiver (1010) has an output interface for its currently tuned channel
  • a method (B) for determining the channel tuned on this receiver is to read the channel information from its output interface.
  • a scanning receiver (910) has an input interface for setting its channel, and a method (D) for setting the channel of the scanning receiver is to tune it to that channel through its input interface, (viii.) In one embodiment (see FIG. 10), a method (D) for setting the channel of a direct tune receiver
  • (1010) is to tune it to that channel through its input interface.
  • a broadcast channel identification system (900) has a scanning receiver (910), and the scanning receiver's output interface for the channel information (920) comprises all or part of the system's method (E) for outputting the channel tuned on an external receiver.
  • a broadcast channel identification system 1000
  • Scanning receivers have special attributes that affect how they are used.
  • a scanning receiver scans sequentially from one channel, the "initial channel,” in a broadcast band to another, the “final channel.” Typically these channels are at the extreme ends of the broadcast band, but they need not be. (xii.) In one embodiment, a scanning receiver restarts scanning at the initial channel once the final channel has been reached during scanning.
  • Multi-band receivers have special attributes that affect how they are used, (xiii.)
  • a "multi-band receiver” is an internal receiver that supports multiple broadcast bands; for example, the AM and FM radio bands, (xiv.)
  • a "multi-band scanning receiver” is a scanning receiver that supports multiple broadcast bands
  • a "multi-band direct tune receiver” is a direct tune receiver that supports multiple broadcast bands
  • a multi-band receiver has an input interface for selecting the band in which it will be tuned.
  • a control system (1115) has a method for selecting the band on a multi-band receiver (1110).
  • a multi-band receiver has an output interface for the band to which it is currently tuned, (xix.)
  • a multi-band receiver (1110) has an output interface for the band to which it is currently tuned (1120), and outputting the band information using this interface comprises part of the system's method (E) for outputting the channel tuned on an external receiver, (xx.)
  • E system's method
  • a broadcast channel identification system (1200) outputs the band selected (1225) on a multi-band receiver (1210), and this comprises part of the system's method (E) for outputting the channel tuned on an external receiver, (xxi.)
  • a multi-band scanning receiver scans from an initial through a final channel in a broadcast band, and then scans through the channels in the next broadcast band, until every band has been scanned, and then restarts scanning the first band, xxii.)
  • a control system (1115) causes a multi-band scanning receiver
  • An internal receiver may be configured in a number of ways, and this affects how the control system interfaces with it. ociii.) In one embodiment (see FIG. 9), an internal receiver is a scanning receiver (910). (xxiv.) In one embodiment, an internal receiver is a multi-band scanning receiver.
  • a control system (915) has a method for causing a scanning receiver (910) to scan through the channels until it finds one with a signal, (xxvi.) In one embodiment (see FIG. 9), a control system (915) has a method for reading the currently tuned channel on a scanning receiver (910) from its output interface.
  • an internal receiver is a direct tune receiver (1010). Ocviii.) In one embodiment, an internal receiver is a multi-band direct tune receiver, (xxix.) In one embodiment (see FIG. 10), a control system (1015) sets the channel on a direct tune receiver (1010) through the receiver's input interface, (xxx.) In one embodiment (see FIG. 10), a control system (1015) sequentially tunes a direct tune receiver
  • a control system (1115) sequentially tunes a multi-band direct tune receiver (1110) from an initial through a final channel in a broadcast band, and then sequentially tunes through the channels in the next broadcast band, until every band has been sequentially tuned, and then restarts sequentially tuning the first band, xxxii.)
  • a method (E) for outputting the channel tuned on an external receiver comprises outputting the channel alone, without any band information, cxxiii.)
  • a method (E) for outputting the channel tuned on an external receiver comprises outputting both the channel (1220) and band (1225) information.
  • One way to compare two audio signals is to compare their amplitudes. If their amplitudes change in a similar fashion, then the signals likely originate from receivers tuned to the same channel. Since one signal may be stronger than the other, it may be useful to normalize them before comparing them. Since one or both signals may contain noise, it may be useful to filter them before comparing them. A combination of normalizing and filtering may be used. Some term definitions follow.
  • an "amplitude” is a measure of the magnitude of a signal over a period of time, and may be measured as the peak magnitude of the signal, the root-mean-squared magnitude, the magnitude of the signal at a given point in time, or the magnitude determined by another method over the period of time, (ii.) In one embodiment, an "amplitude difference” is the difference in the amplitude of one signal with respect to another.
  • the amplitude difference may be measured as the average, mean, sum, or other difference between the two amplitudes over the period of time, (iii.)
  • "normalized signals” have little or no amplitude difference over a period of time, even if they are not highly similar, (iv.)
  • the "tuned frequency" of a band pass filter is the center frequency the filter allows to pass through it.
  • an automatic gain control system is a system that amplifies a signal such that the amplitude of the output signal is close to a predetermined amplitude over a period of time
  • AGC system automatic gain control system
  • a "full-wave rectifier system” is a system that converts all negative portions of a signal to their positive magnitude, such that the output signal reflects the mathematical absolute value of the input signal minus a "bias voltage” normally at or near zero; however the output signal is never less than zero
  • a “comparator” is a system that converts a signal into a binary output, such that a positive signal results in a binary 1 output, and a negative signal results in a binary 0 output; a comparator is said to "binarize” a signal, (ix.) In one embodiment, a "dual comparator"
  • a method (C) for determining whether two signals are highly similar over a period of time a "band-pass filter comparison system” (1300), communicably couples the input interfaces of two band pass filters, one tuned to frequency/ / (1315) and the other to frequency jS (1320), to one of the audio signal sources, signal ⁇ / (1305), communicably couples the input interfaces of two more band pass filters, tuned to/; (1325) and/ ?
  • the filters only let signals close to their tuned frequencies through, removing much of the noise that may be in the signals.
  • the dual comparators output a binary version of the difference between the signal filtered at/ ⁇ and the one at/ ? , such that a positive difference results in a binary 1 and a negative difference in binary 0, and they do this for both input signals.
  • two frequencies,/ / and/ are used in a band-pass filter comparison system, are within the normal audible range of human hearing, and are distinct from one another.
  • a method (F) for subtracting one signal from another is to communicably couple one input interface of a differential amplifier (1445) to the source for one of the signals, signal cj, and communicably couple the other input interface of the differential amplifier to the source for the other signal, signal C 2 .
  • a differential amplifier is an op-amp circuit commonly used in analog electronic design.
  • a broadcast channel identification system may use an analog, digital, or mixed signal processing method to subtract one signal from another, xviii.)
  • a broadcast channel identification system has a method (F) for subtracting one signal from another, (xix.)
  • an analog signal processing method (F) is used for subtracting one signal from another, (xx.)
  • a digital signal processing method (F) is used for subtracting one signal from another, (xxi.)
  • a mixed signal processing method (F) is used for subtracting one signal from another.
  • a broadcast channel identification system may use an analog, digital, or mixed signal processing method to determine if a signal remains close to zero over a period of time, (xxii.)
  • a method (G) for determining if a source signal, signal d, remains close to zero over a period of time (1450)
  • a "full-wave rectifier comparator system” communicably couples the signal's source, signal d, to the input interface of a full- wave rectifier system (1455) with a bias voltage V b
  • communicably couples the input interface of a comparator (1460) to the output interface of the full-wave rectifier system and communicably couples the output of the comparator to a method (H) for determining if a binary signal remains at binary 0 over a period of time (1465).
  • the full-wave rectifier system converts the source signal to an all-positive signal (minus V b ), so the comparator outputs binary 0 if the source signal is less than V b , and binary 1 if the source signal amplitude is larger.
  • the binary signal output from the comparator remains at zero over a period of time if and only if the absolute value of the source signal remains below V b over that period of time.
  • the output, signal e is zero if and only if signal d remains close to zero over the period of time in question.
  • a method (G) for determining if a source signal remains close to zero over a period of time a "full-wave rectifier dual comparator system,” communicably couples the signal's source to the input interface of a full-wave rectifier system with a bias voltage V b , communicably couples the positive input interface of a dual comparator to the output interface of the full-wave rectifier system, communicably couples the negative input of the comparator to a constant, positive, voltage (V 0+ ) source, and communicably couples the output of the comparator to a method (H) for determining if a binary signal remains at binary 0 over a period of time.
  • V 0+ constant, positive, voltage
  • the full-wave rectifier system converts the source signal to an all-positive signal (minus V b ), so the comparator outputs binary 0 if the source signal is less than V b + V 0+ , and binary 1 if the source signal is larger.
  • the binary signal output from the comparator remains at zero over a period of time if and only if the absolute value of the source signal remains below V b + V 0+ over that period of time.
  • a broadcast channel identification system has a method (G) for determining if a signal remains close to zero over a period of time.
  • an analog signal processing method (G) is used to determine if a signal remains close to zero over a period of time.
  • a digital signal processing method (G) is used to determine if a signal remains close to zero over a period of time.
  • a mixed signal processing method (G) is used to determine if a signal remains close to zero over a period of time.
  • a broadcast channel identification system may use an analog, digital, or mixed signal processing method to determine if a signal remains at binary 0 over a period of time.
  • a method (H) for determining if a binary signal remains at binary 0 over a period of time a "flip-flop binary 1 detector system” (1575), communicably couples the source for the binary signal, the output from a non-dual comparator (1560), to the set input interface (1565) of a flip-flop system, applies a binary 1 to the reset input interface (1570), and brings the reset to binary 0 at the beginning of the period.
  • the output, signal e will be at binary U at the end Ot the period. If the source binary signal is at binary 1 at any time during the period, then the output will be binary 1 at the end of the period.
  • a broadcast channel identification system has a method (H) for determining if a binary signal remains at binary 0 over a period of time.
  • an analog signal processing method (H) is used to determine if a binary signal remains at binary 0 over a period of time.
  • a digital signal processing method (H) is used to determine if a binary signal remains at binary 0 over a period of time.
  • a mixed signal processing method (H) is used to determine if a binary signal remains at binary 0 over a period of time.
  • a broadcast channel identification system may use an analog, digital, or mixed signal processing method to normalize the amplitudes of two signals.
  • a method (C) for determining whether two signals are highly similar over a period of time (135) is to normalize the amplitudes of the two signals using a method (I) for normalizing the amplitudes of two signals (170), and use a method (J) for determining whether the two normalized signals are highly similar over the period of time (172).
  • a method (C) for determining whether two signals are highly similar over a period of time (135) is to normalize the amplitudes of the two signals using a method (I) for normalizing the amplitudes of two signals (170), and use a method (J) for determining whether the two normalized signals are highly similar over the period of time (172).
  • a method (I) for normalizing the amplitudes of two signals is to normalize the amplitudes of the two signals using a method (I) for normalizing the amplitudes of two signals (1
  • a method (I) for normalizing the amplitudes of two signals a "dual AGC signal normalizing system” (1600), communicably couples the input interface of an AGC system (1605) to the source for one signal, signal ⁇ / , and communicably couples the input interface of another AGC system (1610) to the source for the other signal, signal ci 2 , such that the signals output from both AGC systems, signals bi and & 2 , are normalized to the same amplitude.
  • a method (I) for normalizing the amplitudes of two signals a “single AGC signal normalizing system” (1700), communicably couples the input interface of an AGC system (1705) to the source for signal aj, such that the output, signal bj, from the AGC system is normalized to the same amplitude as the other signal, signal 6 2 .
  • a broadcast channel identification system has a method (I) for normalizing the amplitudes of two signals.
  • an analog signal processing method (I) is used to normalize the amplitudes of two signals.
  • a digital signal processing method (I) is used to normalize the amplitudes of two signals.
  • a mixed signal processing method (I) is used to normalize the amplitudes of two signals.
  • a broadcast channel identification system may use an analog, digital, or mixed signal processing method to determine whether two normalized signals are highly similar over a period of time, (xl.)
  • a method (J) for determining whether two normalized signals are highly similar over a period of time (1800) is to use a method (F) for subtracting one of the signals, signal ⁇ / , from the other, signal ai (1805), and then use a method (G) for determining if the resulting difference signal, signal b, remains close to zero over the period of time (1810).
  • two normalized signals are highly similar over a period of time if and only if the difference signal remains close to zero over the period of time.
  • a broadcast channel identification system has a method (J) for determining whether two normalized signals are highly similar over a period of time. xliii.) In one embodiment, an analog signal processing method (J) is used to determine whether two normalized signals are highly similar over a period of time. xliv.) In one embodiment, a digital signal processing method (J) is used to determine whether two normalized signals are highly similar over a period of time.
  • a mixed signal processing method (J) is used to determine whether two normalized signals are highly similar over a period of time.
  • One way to compare two audio signals is to compare their phases. If the phase difference remains constant, then the signals likely originate from receivers tuned to the same channel. Since one signal may be stronger than the other, it may be useful to normalize them before comparing them. Since one or both signals may contain noise, it may be useful to filter them before comparing them. A combination of normalizing and filtering may be used.
  • phase difference is a difference in the phase of one signal with respect to another, (ii.)
  • a “phase detector system” is a system that outputs a signal proportional to the phase difference between two input signals.
  • a broadcast channel identification system may use an analog, digital, or mixed signal processing method to determine the phase difference between two signals over a period of time.
  • the signal amplitudes may be normalized before the phase difference is determined.
  • a method (L) for determining if a signal remains constant over a period of time (176) is applied to a method (K) for determining the phase difference between two signals over a period of time (174), and this is used as a method (C) for determining whether two signals are highly similar over a period of time (135).
  • a method (C) for determining whether two signals are highly similar over a period of time (2000) is to communicably couple one signal source, signal a / , to one input of a method (K) for determining the phase difference between two signals over a period of time (2005), communicably couple the other signal source, signal ⁇ 2 , to the other input of the method (K) for determining the phase difference between two signals over a period of time, and communicably couple the resulting "phase angle signal," signal b, output to the input interface of a method (L) for determining if a signal remains constant over a period of time (2010).
  • a method (I) for normalizing the amplitudes of two signals is used to normalize the signals communicably coupled to a method (K) for determining the phase difference between two signals over a period of time.
  • a dual AGC signal normalizing system (2100) is used to normalize two signals communicably coupled to a method (K) for determining the phase difference between two signals over a period of time (2105).
  • a dual AGC signal normalizing system (2100) is used to normalize two signals communicably coupled to a method (K) for determining the phase difference between two signals over a period of time (2105).
  • a single AGC signal normalizing system (2200) is used to normalize two signals communicably coupled to a method (K) for determining the phase difference between two signals over a period of time (2205).
  • a broadcast channel identification system has a method (K) for determining the phase difference between two signals over a period of time
  • an analog signal processing method (K) is used to determine the phase difference between two signals over a period of time
  • a digital signal processing method (K) is used to determine the phase difference between two signals over a period of time
  • a mixed signal processing method (K) is used to determine the phase difference between two signals over a period of time, (xii.)
  • a phase detector system is used as a method (K) to determine the phase difference between two signals over a period of time, (xiii.)
  • PLLs Phase detectors
  • a broadcast channel identification system may use an analog, digital, or mixed signal processing method to determine if a signal remains constant over a period of time, (xiv.)
  • a broadcast channel identification system has a method (L) for determining if a signal remains constant over a period of time, (xv.)
  • an analog signal processing method (L) is used to determine if a signal remains constant over a period of time, (xvi.)
  • a digital signal processing method (L) is used to determine if a signal remains constant over a period of time
  • a mixed signal processing method (L) is used to determine if a signal remains constant over a period of time, xviii.)
  • a differentiator is used as a method (L) for determining if a signal remains constant over a period of time.
  • an RC differentiator circuit (2305), a circuit commonly used in electronic design is used as a method (L) for determining if a signal remains constant over a period of time (2300).
  • an op-amp differentiator circuit (2405), a circuit commonly used in electronic design is used as a method (L) for determining if a signal remains constant over a period of time (2400).
  • multiple methods (K) for determining the phase difference between two signals over a period of time are used in combination as a method (C) for determining whether two signals are highly similar over a period of time, (ii.) In one embodiment, multiple methods for comparing the amplitudes of two signals over a period of time are used in combination as a method (C) for determining whether two signals are highly similar over a period of time, (iii.) In one embodiment, one or more methods (K) for determining the phase difference between two signals over a period of time are combined with one or more methods for comparing the amplitudes of two signals over a period of time, and this combined method is used as a method (C) for determining whether two signals are highly similar over a period of time, (iv.) In one embodiment, multiple methods (C) for determining whether two signals are highly similar over a period of time are combined, and this combined method is used as a method (C) for determining whether two signals are highly similar over a period of time,
  • the invention may be in one of a number of possible states, and it may be useful to output information about the current state.
  • a system designed to read the channel value from the invention might benefit from knowing if a channel match has been found, (i.)
  • a broadcast channel identification system has a method for outputting the
  • search state the current state of the search for a matching channel
  • a "two-state system” the current search state is represented by one of two states; “found” refers to the state where the broadcast channel identification system has found a channel whose audio signal is highly similar to that from the external broadcast receiver, and “not found” refers to the state where the broadcast channel identification system has not found a matching channel, (iii.)
  • a "three-state system” the current search state is represented by one of three states; “found,” as in the previous paragraph, “searching” refers to the state where a broadcast channel identification system is searching for a matching channel, and “inactive” refers to the state where a broadcast channel identification system is not searching for a matching channel, (iv.)
  • the comparison result output from a comparison system is used to determine the current state in a two-state system; the comparison result reflects the current state, (v.) In one embodiment (see FIG.)
  • a method for determining the current state in a three-state system from a comparison system is as follows. If the comparison result indicates that the audio signals match, the state is "found.” Otherwise, if the control system (715) is alternating between changing the channels on the internal receiver (710) and monitoring the comparison result, the state is "searching;” otherwise the state is "inactive.” It may be useful to display the search state for a user, (vi.) In one embodiment, a broadcast channel identification system has a method for displaying the search state, (vii.) In one embodiment, a broadcast channel identification system outputs the current search state using a method for displaying the search state.
  • a method for displaying the search state is an electronic display, (ix.) In one embodiment, a method for displaying the search state is a light-emitting device, an "LED.” (x.) In one embodiment, a method for displaying the search state in a two-state system is an LED that emits light when the search state is "found,” and does not emit light when the search state is "not found.” (xi.) In one embodiment, a method for displaying the search state in a two-state system is an LED that does not emit light when the search state is "found,” and emits light when the search state is "not found.” (xii.) In one embodiment, a method for displaying the search state in a two-state system is a two color
  • a method for displaying the search state in a two-state system is an LED that emits one brightness of light when the search state is "found,” and emits another brightness of light when the search state is "not found.”
  • a method for displaying the search state in a two-state system comprises two
  • a method for displaying the search state in a three-state system is a two-color
  • a method for displaying the search state in a three-state system is a two-color
  • a method for displaying the search state in a three-state system is a two-color
  • a method for displaying the search state in a three-state system is a three-color
  • a method for displaying the search state in a three-state system is an LED that emits a different brightness of light for each search state, (xx.) In one embodiment, a method for displaying the search state in a two-state system comprises three
  • LEDs one of which emits light when the search state is "found,” another of which emits light when the search state is “searching,” and the third of which emits light when the search state is
  • a broadcast channel identification system has a method for audibly communicating the search state, xxii.) In one embodiment, a broadcast channel identification system has a method for audibly communicating the search state and generates an audible signal when the broadcast channel identification system finds a matching channel.
  • a broadcast channel identification system has a method for audibly communicating the search state and generates an audible signal when the broadcast channel identification system starts searching for a matching channel, (xxiv.) In one embodiment, a broadcast channel identification system has a method for audibly communicating the search state and generates an audible signal each time the internal receiver tunes to a new channel, (xxv.) In one embodiment, a broadcast channel identification system has a method for generating an audible signal when the search state changes.
  • Some broadcasts include valuable information encoded in them.
  • the RBDS/RDS standard allows broadcasters to encode programming information into traditional FM broadcasts.
  • Radio receivers with an RBDS/RDS decoder can decode and output this information from broadcasts that have been encoded with RBDS/RDS.
  • Many existing broadcast receivers, such as FM radios, are not designed to decode this encoded information.
  • a useful embodiment of the invention is to use an internal broadcast receiver that can decode this encoded information, and to output it.
  • a broadcast channel identification system has a method for decoding content identification information encoded in a broadcast, (ii.) In one embodiment (see FIG. 25), a broadcast channel identification system (2500) has a method for outputting some or all of the content identification information encoded in a broadcast (2505).
  • a method for decoding RBDS/RDS information encoded into a radio broadcast is used as a method for decoding content identification information encoded in a broadcast
  • a method for decoding text for the hearing impaired encoded into TV broadcasts is used as a method for decoding content identification information encoded in a broadcast
  • an internal receiver has a method for decoding content identification information encoded in a broadcast.
  • an internal receiver In one embodiment (see FIG. 26), an internal receiver (2610) has a method for outputting some or all of the content identification information encoded in a broadcast (2620).
  • an internal receiver has a method for decoding RBDS/RDS information encoded in a radio broadcast
  • an internal receiver has a method for decoding information encoded in an HD
  • an internal receiver has a method for decoding the time of day encoded into a radio broadcast, (x.) In one embodiment, an internal receiver has a method for decoding text for the hearing impaired encoded into a TV broadcast, (xi.) In one embodiment, a method for outputting content identification information encoded in a broadcast is an electronic display, (xii.) In one embodiment, a method for outputting content identification information encoded in a broadcast is a method for audibly communicating content identification information.
  • the control system continuously repeats a cycle of tuning the internal receiver to a new channel, and determining whether the external and internal audio signals are highly similar over a period of time by using a comparison system. If they are, the control system outputs the currently tuned channel via the output interface, and continues to monitor whether the external and internal audio signals remain highly similar. If they stop being similar, then the control system starts continuously tuning the internal receiver to a new channel until a match is found, (i.)
  • the invention is embedded in a portable music player with a tuner and a microphone. When the music player is near a radio that is playing, such as in a car, the control system continuously cycles the internal tuner through its channels, comparing this audio signal with that from the microphone.
  • the control system may indicate this to the user through an LED on the player, or by other means.
  • the player may have a button or other interface that allows the user to register a request to buy the music playing on the radio. If the system has determined what station is tuned on the external radio, it may store the station channel along with a timestamp, and process this request later when the portable player is communicably coupled with a PC, the internet, or other device. A service that looks up the music playing on a given channel at a given time can process such a request to buy music or provide other services.
  • the car may have a cradle for the player installed that provides a power, antenna, and/or audio input connections for the player. The player may be configured to identify the channel tuned on the car radio even if its "power" is off.
  • control system (715) monitors whether they remain highly similar continuously.
  • control system when the external (725) and internal audio signals are highly similar over a period of time, the control system (715) monitors whether they remain highly similar periodically.
  • the current search state is output for human viewing using a method for displaying the current search state.
  • the current search state is output using a method for displaying the current search state.
  • a broadcast channel identification system (1100) comprises an internal multi-band scanning receiver (1110), a comparison system (1105) that determines whether the audio signals are highly similar though digital processing, and a control system (1115).
  • a broadcast channel identification system (1100) comprises an internal multi-band scanning receiver (1110), a band-pass filter comparison system (1105, 1500) with differential amplifier (1545), full-wave rectifier system (1555), comparator (1560), and flip-flop system (1575), and a control system (1115) capable of manipulating the flip-flop system's reset input interface (1570).
  • a broadcast channel identification system displays content information decoded from the broadcast from the channel tuned in the internal receiver.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Circuits Of Receivers In General (AREA)

Abstract

Un système identifie automatiquement le canal de diffusion syntonisé sur un récepteur de diffusion et émet des information relatives à ce canal. Ces informations peuvent être utilisées de nombreuses façons. Le canal peut, par exemple, être stocké avec un horodateur, de sorte que l'identité du contenu de diffusion peut être déterminé plus tard pour être acheté. Les informations de contenu codées dans la diffusion, telles que le nom d'une chanson, un texte pour malentendant ou l'heure, peuvent être décodées et affichées pour un utilisateur.
PCT/US2005/027481 2004-08-03 2005-08-03 Systeme d'identification de canal de diffusion WO2006017532A2 (fr)

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WO2008002208A1 (fr) * 2006-06-29 2008-01-03 Telefonaktiebolaget Lm Ericsson (Publ) Procédé et agencement pour l'achat de médias en streaming

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AU7224491A (en) * 1990-01-18 1991-08-05 Elliott D Blatt Method and apparatus for broadcast media audience measurement
DE4420075C2 (de) * 1994-06-08 1999-12-30 Kayser Threde Gmbh Vorrichtungen und Verfahren zum Erfassen der Nutzung von Rundfunkprogrammen
US5881360A (en) * 1995-10-11 1999-03-09 Adcom Information Services, Inc. Non-video path data collection device
US7174293B2 (en) * 1999-09-21 2007-02-06 Iceberg Industries Llc Audio identification system and method
JP2004509509A (ja) * 2000-09-13 2004-03-25 ストラトス　オーディオ　インコーポレイテッド 媒体コンテンツの注文および送達のためのシステムおよび方法
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WO2008002208A1 (fr) * 2006-06-29 2008-01-03 Telefonaktiebolaget Lm Ericsson (Publ) Procédé et agencement pour l'achat de médias en streaming

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