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WO2006012841A1 - Élément lumineux - Google Patents

Élément lumineux Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2006012841A1
WO2006012841A1 PCT/DE2005/001281 DE2005001281W WO2006012841A1 WO 2006012841 A1 WO2006012841 A1 WO 2006012841A1 DE 2005001281 W DE2005001281 W DE 2005001281W WO 2006012841 A1 WO2006012841 A1 WO 2006012841A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
layers
component according
holographic
organic
arrangement
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/DE2005/001281
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Kai Schmidt
Karl Leo
Duncan Hill
Original Assignee
Novaled Gmbh
Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Novaled Gmbh, Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft filed Critical Novaled Gmbh
Publication of WO2006012841A1 publication Critical patent/WO2006012841A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
    • H10K50/00—Organic light-emitting devices
    • H10K50/80—Constructional details
    • H10K50/85—Arrangements for extracting light from the devices
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
    • H10K59/00—Integrated devices, or assemblies of multiple devices, comprising at least one organic light-emitting element covered by group H10K50/00
    • H10K59/80—Constructional details
    • H10K59/875—Arrangements for extracting light from the devices
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
    • H10K59/00—Integrated devices, or assemblies of multiple devices, comprising at least one organic light-emitting element covered by group H10K50/00
    • H10K59/80—Constructional details
    • H10K59/875—Arrangements for extracting light from the devices
    • H10K59/879—Arrangements for extracting light from the devices comprising refractive means, e.g. lenses

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a light-emitting component with an arrangement of organic layers, in particular organic light-emitting diode.
  • Organic Light Emitting Diodes have recently been extensively studied, as they offer interesting applications in flat displays and for illumination purposes
  • Organic light-emitting diodes usually consist of a glass substrate onto which a transparent conductor (usually indium tin oxide, Subsequently, one or more organic layers are applied with a thickness of about 100 nm, completed by a mostly metallic cathode.When a suitable voltage is applied, the organic layer emits light.On-light-emitting diodes are of interest The high switching speed as well as the comparatively high efficiency of the light emission are affordably available over large areas, and commercially successful displays based on organic light-emitting diodes are already available for these reasons.
  • organic light-emitting diodes relate to illumination. In this case, homogeneous high luminances on comparatively large areas are required. In order to be able to compete with existing concepts such as fluorescent lamps, white emitters with the highest possible efficiency (> 501 m / W) should be aimed at.
  • the periodic structures can accomplish the substrate or the roughening only the decoupling of the modes from the substrate. Since these absorb only about 30% of the intensity, this gives only a modest improvement from the outset compared to a structure without decoupling methods. Furthermore, these structures lead to a local blurring in displays with very small picture elements (pixels) and thus a use of this improved coupling in displays is no longer possible. Furthermore, such structures produce non-planar surfaces, which is undesirable in many cases.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a light-emitting component in which the possibilities for varying the optical properties are expanded and can be implemented in a simplified manner.
  • Holographic layers have a number of advantages: On the one hand, regular periodic optical structures can be produced in holographic layers with relatively simple means. Second, these structures can be made without significant roughening of the layers. Thirdly, in holographic structures, it is comparatively easily possible to realize complex arrangements of refractive index variations by superimposing a plurality of light waves when writing the holograms, by means of which the decoupling can be improved.
  • the simplest variant is, in principle, a one-dimensional lateral grating, which, however, has only limited efficiency, since essentially only modes in the direction perpendicular to the strips of the grating are influenced.
  • the next most complex step is a two-dimensional grating, which can be generated, for example, by superposing respectively second lasers perpendicular to one another. In this case, modes are influenced in both lateral directions.
  • almost any two-dimensional periodic arrangement can be realized; in thicker holographic layers can also be three-dimensional Structures are realized.
  • the advantage of a three-dimensional imaging structure is that a diffraction effect thereby becomes selective in wavelength.
  • holographic imaging in comparison to simple grid structures lies in the fact that diffractive structures are formed such that a selected optical input signal, for example a substrate mode for a given angle, is defined in an output signal, for example an external mode in the form of a plane wave in the vertical direction, is converted, without the unavoidable diffraction for simple grating occurs in several orders in a different direction.
  • the holographic approach can be understood as a reconstruction of Huygens elementary waves, so that, in principle, internal modes of the OLED are transferred into the external half-space in almost any desired manner. For example, it is possible to create a spherical wave that leads to a focus at one point, or to create a holographic light object in space.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic representation of a light-emitting component with an arrangement of organic layers and a holographic layer in a first embodiment
  • FIG. 2 shows a schematic representation of a light-emitting component with an arrangement of organic layers and a holographic layer in a second embodiment
  • Fig. 3 is a schematic representation of a light-emitting device with an arrangement of organic layers and a holographic layer in a third
  • Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a structure of an arrangement for exposing a holographic layer
  • Fig. 6 is a schematic representation of an arrangement in which three object beams (Oi, O 2 , O 3 ) and a reference beam (R) are provided.
  • One embodiment of the proposed arrangement comprises an organic light-emitting diode emitting through the substrate, in which a holographic film is applied to the side of the substrate which is remote from the light-emitting diode, for example by a grid being imprinted.
  • the optical modes running back and forth in the substrate are bent at this grating and are thereby diffracted at an initial or subsequent reflection into an angular range, which can finally be coupled out as an external mode.
  • a holographic layer 1 shows a schematic representation of a structure of a light-emitting component with a holographic layer.
  • a holographic layer 1 a substrate 2, a base electrode 3 (holes injecting, positive pole) made transparent, an array of organic layers 4, which in the embodiment, a hole injecting layer, holes transporting layer (HTL), a light-emitting layer (EL), an electron-transporting layer (ETL) and an electron-injecting layer, and a cover electrode 5, which may be formed from a metal having a low work function ( Injecting electrons; negative pole).
  • an encapsulation may be provided for the exclusion of environmental influences.
  • Layers can be omitted, except for the base electrode 3, the light-emitting layer (EL) and the cover electrode 5. It can also be provided that several layers are combined into one layer.
  • the intended use of one or more holographic layers can be done in conjunction with organic light emitting diodes of any kind, in particular with an OLED having one or more doped transport layers, as are known as such. It is also possible to use one or more holographic layers for organic light-emitting diodes which emit away from the substrate or in both directions.
  • the holographic layer 1 can be arranged between the substrate 2 and the substrate-near contact (Basis ⁇ electrode 3), as shown in Fig. 2.
  • the holographic layer can also be applied to the semitransparent electrode facing away from the substrate, which is shown in FIG. FIG. 3 shows a carrier / substrate 20, a substrate-near contact layer 21, an organic layer system 22, a contact layer 23 remote from the substrate, and a holographic layer 24.
  • a hologram was exposed, which superimposed on a perpendicular to the substrate entering re ⁇ beam with a second reference beam, which was coupled via a prism at an angle that would already be subject to the tal ⁇ reflection in reverse beam direction in the planar substrate.
  • Fig. 4 shows the structure of an arrangement for exposing the holographic layer.
  • the light emission of a light-emitting diode can also be controlled with the aid of holograms, which are obtained by superposition of several waves, which is shown in FIG. 6 with four waves (R, Oi, O 2 , O 3 ).
  • holograms of a rotational body which arise when the truncated pyramid is replaced in Fig. 6 by a truncated cone, that is, with a non-planar object wave instead of three object beams O 1 to O 3 is used, the normal of the object wave describes a cone, contribute to this To convert light from internal modes into external modes.
  • Fig. 5 shows the emission distribution of an organic light emitting diode without (dotted line) and with (solid line) holographic grating.
  • the grid was attached with index liquid on the substrate side.
  • the light-emitting diode shows a slightly increasing intensity as a function of the angle, thus only approximately following the Lambert distribution usually assumed for light-emitting diodes, which would correspond to a constant intensity.
  • the holographic grating the LED has a strong vertical direction Exaggeration of the intensity: Obviously, the hologram forms intensity from the substrate modes in the direction of the object beam. This shows that the imaging effect is given for substrate modes.
  • an organic light-emitting diode it is possible to influence the color coordinates of an organic light-emitting diode with the aid of a suitable choice of the holographic layer. For example, if a blue emitter is used which has too strong green parts and thereby produces a whitish-blue color impression, then the holographic Structure are written with a wavelength that leads to an additional extraction of the deep blue portion. As a result, this component is preferably deflected on the resulting three-dimensional structure and produces a more suitable color coordinate in the forward direction. Similarly, it may be provided to form an organic light-emitting diode which emits different Spek ⁇ tren in different directions, for example for special lighting purposes.
  • holograms which are partly transparent and are usually used in a transmissive manner
  • reflective holograms can also be used. These holograms can be produced in a particularly simple manner, for example by means of embossing.
  • the reflectiveogram can be arranged under the semitransparent substrate contact in the case of an OLED emitting away from the substrate; alternatively or additionally, the hologram may also be mounted on the opposite side of the substrate.
  • the modes coupled into the substrate can be converted into external modes. Rays emitted even further from the normal can only be coupled into the ITO organic modes. If these ITO organics modes are to be decoupled, then other considerations must be made. While the substrate modes are distributed quasi-continuously over all angles, the ITO organics modes are limited to a few angles. For thin OLED structures it is expected that only the fundamental mode is allowed, for thicker structures the second TE and TM modes should each exist (T. Fuhrmann et al., Organic Electronics 4, 219 (2003)).
  • ⁇ m is the angle of the m-th mode
  • k is its wave vector
  • nf is the refractive index of the film.
  • a periodic structure of this wavevector must be arranged in the organic light-emitting diode in such a way that the substrate mode in this structure still has sufficient intensity. This should be an affix between ITO and Substrate should be the case, since here the evanescent portion of the film wave is still significant (T. Fuhrmann et al., Organic Electronics 4, 219 (2003)).
  • holographic films in organic light-emitting diodes offers further interesting possibilities for special displays. It is thus possible to create a stereoscopic impression by overlaying two holographic images. If these two images are generated by an OLED pixelated as a display, it can be achieved by exposure of the holographic images with different wavelengths that the light of different segments of the display emitting different colors is diffracted by one of the two respective holograms. This provides a very simple option for a holographic 3D display.
  • a transfer hologram that is, a hologram of a hologram.
  • the diffractive plane is realized virtually and can be placed in an application of the substrate in the active layer of the OLED.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Electroluminescent Light Sources (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un élément lumineux à structure en couches comprenant un ensemble de couches organiques (2), notamment une diode électroluminescente organique. L'invention est caractérisée en ce qu'un ensemble diffractant doté d'une ou de plusieurs couches holographiques (1) transmet de la lumière à partir de modes internes non rayonnants vers des modes externes rayonnants.
PCT/DE2005/001281 2004-07-26 2005-07-21 Élément lumineux WO2006012841A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102004037096.6 2004-07-26
DE102004037096A DE102004037096A1 (de) 2004-07-26 2004-07-26 Lichtemittierendes Bauelement

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2006012841A1 true WO2006012841A1 (fr) 2006-02-09

Family

ID=35427683

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/DE2005/001281 WO2006012841A1 (fr) 2004-07-26 2005-07-21 Élément lumineux

Country Status (3)

Country Link
DE (1) DE102004037096A1 (fr)
TW (1) TW200605417A (fr)
WO (1) WO2006012841A1 (fr)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7982387B2 (en) 2007-06-08 2011-07-19 Osram Opto Semiconductors Gmbh Optoelectronic component
US9337447B2 (en) 2009-06-16 2016-05-10 Osram Oled Gmbh Radiation emitting device

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102007062040B8 (de) * 2007-12-21 2021-11-18 Osram Oled Gmbh Strahlungsemittierende Vorrichtung

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20030067760A1 (en) * 2001-09-26 2003-04-10 Jagt Hendrik Johannes Boudewijn Waveguide, edge-lit illumination arrangement and display comprising such
US20030214691A1 (en) * 2002-05-08 2003-11-20 Zeolux Corporation Display devices using feedback enhanced light emitting diode
US20040206965A1 (en) * 2003-04-16 2004-10-21 Evans Allan Kenneth Feedback and coupling structures and methods

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20030067760A1 (en) * 2001-09-26 2003-04-10 Jagt Hendrik Johannes Boudewijn Waveguide, edge-lit illumination arrangement and display comprising such
US20030214691A1 (en) * 2002-05-08 2003-11-20 Zeolux Corporation Display devices using feedback enhanced light emitting diode
WO2003096757A1 (fr) * 2002-05-08 2003-11-20 Zeolux Corporation Dispositif source de lumiere ayant une meilleure retroreaction
US20040206965A1 (en) * 2003-04-16 2004-10-21 Evans Allan Kenneth Feedback and coupling structures and methods

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7982387B2 (en) 2007-06-08 2011-07-19 Osram Opto Semiconductors Gmbh Optoelectronic component
US9337447B2 (en) 2009-06-16 2016-05-10 Osram Oled Gmbh Radiation emitting device

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Publication number Publication date
TW200605417A (en) 2006-02-01
DE102004037096A1 (de) 2006-03-23

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