+

WO2006005251A1 - Procede et systeme de realisation de la fonction de commutation dans un systeme de communication - Google Patents

Procede et systeme de realisation de la fonction de commutation dans un systeme de communication Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO2006005251A1
WO2006005251A1 PCT/CN2005/000995 CN2005000995W WO2006005251A1 WO 2006005251 A1 WO2006005251 A1 WO 2006005251A1 CN 2005000995 W CN2005000995 W CN 2005000995W WO 2006005251 A1 WO2006005251 A1 WO 2006005251A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
switching
communication system
standby
primary
data
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2005/000995
Other languages
English (en)
Chinese (zh)
Inventor
Zhaoxia Lv
Wei Tan
Original Assignee
Huawei Technologies Co. Ltd.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Huawei Technologies Co. Ltd. filed Critical Huawei Technologies Co. Ltd.
Publication of WO2006005251A1 publication Critical patent/WO2006005251A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L12/00—Data switching networks
    • H04L12/28—Data switching networks characterised by path configuration, e.g. LAN [Local Area Networks] or WAN [Wide Area Networks]
    • H04L12/40—Bus networks
    • H04L12/40169—Flexible bus arrangements
    • H04L12/40176—Flexible bus arrangements involving redundancy
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L49/00—Packet switching elements
    • H04L49/55—Prevention, detection or correction of errors
    • H04L49/552—Prevention, detection or correction of errors by ensuring the integrity of packets received through redundant connections
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L12/00—Data switching networks
    • H04L12/28—Data switching networks characterised by path configuration, e.g. LAN [Local Area Networks] or WAN [Wide Area Networks]
    • H04L12/40—Bus networks
    • H04L12/403—Bus networks with centralised control, e.g. polling

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to communication technologies, and more particularly to switching techniques in communication devices.
  • Telecommunications networks require reliable, uninterrupted service for their subscribers, especially in applications such as e-money, order processing, customer service, inventory management, e-mail and Internet access. Sex becomes more important than ever, and its usability requirements can reach 99.999% or even higher. Therefore, network survivability has become an important factor affecting network design and construction, and the equipment used in telecommunications networks also needs high reliability.
  • Redundant backup refers to the replacement of multiple devices with the same function. Especially when the main device fails or requires maintenance, the backup device takes over the main device to continue communication, ensuring uninterrupted operation of the communication system.
  • Load sharing uses the same principle, using multiple devices to work alternately or collaboratively, increasing system reliability.
  • Redundant backup and active/standby switching technologies have multiple backup modes, such as 1+1, 1: 1, 1: N, and so on.
  • 1 + 1 backup is a simple protection method.
  • the primary and backup units in the system form a logical business function unit, that is, the protected equipment unit has a standby unit.
  • the main module is responsible for real-time processing of services, and the standby service is maintained.
  • the data of the active unit is the same.
  • the switchover is initiated to take over the service on the original active unit.
  • the spare unit in the 1 : 1 backup starts working only after a failure.
  • the 1 : N backup means that multiple device units share a spare unit. When any one of the primary units fails, the standby unit takes over.
  • a complex telecommunication device contains a plurality of processing units that work together, and communication needs to be performed between the units; and in the entire communication network, communication between different node devices is also required.
  • the switchover In order to ensure the self-healing capability of the device under network fault conditions, ensure data integrity and maintain service quality, the switchover must be completed within a specified time limit to restore the service as soon as possible, so as to minimize the impact on the communication system.
  • components that are mutually standby are logically the same functional entity, normal work.
  • the standby unit does not provide services externally, but needs to be consistent with the data of the primary unit as much as possible to ensure that when the primary unit fails, the standby unit is upgraded to the primary unit, and the service loss is minimal.
  • the manual switching is performed by the operator to send a switching command through the maintenance station.
  • the automatic fault switching refers to the failure detection of the main board by the system fault detection module.
  • the active/standby switchover is triggered.
  • the switchover of the board is used as an example.
  • the automatic manual switchover is caused by the abnormality of the peripheral modules involved in the active board or because the main board is to be pulled out or because of some
  • the active and standby boards also need to be switched back to the original active/standby relationship. In this case, the system automatically triggers. Active/standby switchover.
  • the identity of the primary and backup units is determined by the underlying hardware.
  • the standby unit immediately goes up to the primary use, and then notifies the upper application module, and further informs the relevant other orders.
  • the board has been switched between the active and standby boards.
  • FIG. 1 shows the structure of a switching system employed in the prior art communication system.
  • the active and standby units are connected to other devices of the communication system through the circuit switching module.
  • the circuit switching module is implemented through a switched network.
  • the switching network is switched by the physical address exchange of the primary and backup units.
  • Each business processing unit maintains a physical connection with both the primary and backup units.
  • the underlying hardware performs circuit switching, switches the standby unit to the working plane, separates the active unit, and then notifies all upper application modules and service modules to communicate with the new active unit.
  • the switching technology used in the communication system is directly carried out by the underlying hardware, and the upper application module and the service module are in a passive state, which is not conducive to high-level equipment maintenance; and since the switching is direct It is implemented by circuit switching, so it has no transparency to the upper layer application, and the switching has a great influence on the system; again, the switching process is mechanically completed by the circuit, which is not flexible and cannot support automatic manual switching; in general, device switching It also requires data transfer, reconfiguration of spare devices, etc., which requires a long delay. As a result, the demand for real-time services and high service quality is far from being met in the telecommunication network.
  • the above solutions have the following problems: Since the device switching is initiated and executed by the underlying hardware, the upper-layer application is in the passive processing state and is not supported by the high-level device maintenance; due to the data transfer between the primary and backup devices and the standby device. Reconfiguration takes more time, so the switching operation has a large delay and cannot meet real-time requirements. Since the switching is realized by physical address conversion or circuit switching, it has no transparency and flexibility, so it has a greater impact on the entire communication system. .
  • the present invention provides a method for switching devices in a communication system, including:
  • step A The process of the reverse preprocessing described in step A includes:
  • step B Determine whether the system resources meet the switching conditions. If yes, go to step B. Otherwise, terminate the switching process.
  • the process of the reverse preprocessing described in step A may further include:
  • step A2. Determine whether the service resource meets the switching condition. If yes, go to step B. Otherwise, terminate the switching process.
  • the method further comprises the steps of:
  • the service data of the active device is backed up to the standby device to perform smooth connection operation of the service data.
  • step C After the step C, a step is further included,
  • the switching of the underlying communication channel is implemented by a mapping mechanism of a logical address and a physical address.
  • the data synchronization is implemented by using a warm backup between the active device and the standby device.
  • the method further includes: determining whether a switching abnormality occurs, and if so, performing a switching recovery process.
  • the switching recovery process includes:
  • the switching recovery process may also include:
  • the configuration of the primary device is restored, and the primary device is notified to operate as a primary device.
  • the switching recovery process may further include:
  • the present invention also provides a switching system for a device in a communication system, comprising: a control module, configured to control execution of a switching process;
  • a main execution module configured to perform, according to an instruction of the control module, a switching process of an underlying communication channel and configuration data related to the active device;
  • an alternate execution module configured to perform, according to an instruction of the control module, a switching process of an underlying communication channel and configuration data related to the standby device.
  • the primary execution module and the standby execution module are further configured to back up service data of the primary device to the standby device and smooth processing of service data according to an instruction of the control module.
  • the technical solution of the present invention is different from the prior art in that the division control module and the main standby execution module separate the switching control function and the execution function to facilitate the switching control; the switching process is divided into multiple execution steps and states.
  • the switchover process control and state transition are implemented.
  • the logical address and physical address mapping mechanism are adopted to implement transparent and fast switching of the underlying communication channel.
  • the data backup and service smoothing mechanism before and after switching, and the warm backup mode of the active and standby devices are used to improve the switching. Speed and reliability; for the abnormal situation in the switching process, switching recovery is achieved.
  • the difference in this technical solution brings about a more obvious beneficial effect, namely the control function and
  • the separation of the execution functions improves the efficiency and flexibility of the switching;
  • the implementation of the switching process state migration improves the flexibility of the switching and supports the switching recovery;
  • the address mapping mechanism implements the transparency of the switching and reduces the switching to the system.
  • the impact of the switching speed is improved; data backup and service smoothing and warm backup mode improve the switching speed and reliability; and the switching recovery mechanism enhances the robustness of the switching.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a switching system used in a conventional communication system
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a switching system according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of an address mapping mechanism in a switching system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a flowchart of a switching method according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the invention adopts a step-by-step process under control to complete the switching process, and logically divides the entire switching operation into a plurality of sub-steps, thereby improving the flexibility of the switching operation.
  • the execution function and the control function are separated, and are respectively implemented by the execution module and the control module.
  • the transparency of the switching operation is achieved by mapping the logical address and the physical address, and the impact of the switching on the entire communication system is minimized.
  • the temperature backup mechanism of the data is used to maintain synchronization between the primary and backup units, thereby improving the speed of performing the active/standby switchover.
  • the service smoothing method is adopted to ensure a smooth transition to the service during the switching.
  • the primary backup device involved is a single board device.
  • the control module 201 is configured to control the execution of the switching step, and is connected to the active execution module 202 and the standby execution module 203.
  • the primary execution module 202 is configured to perform a switching step on the active board under the control of the control module 201.
  • the standby execution module 203 is configured to perform a switching step on the standby board under the controllability of the control module.
  • the active execution module 202 is distributed on the active board, and the standby execution module 203 is distributed on the standby board.
  • the control module 201 can be distributed on the main standby board or separately distributed on another board. Separating the control function and the execution function into separate modules, so that the switching operation can be implemented step by step, which enhances the reliability and flexibility of the switching, so that the switching can be step by step. Reply back.
  • Figure 3 illustrates an address mapping mechanism in a switching system in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention.
  • First define logical addresses and physical addresses for each board.
  • the application layer modules use logical addresses to communicate with each other.
  • An address mapping relationship exists between the logical address and the physical address.
  • the address mapping relationship is maintained by the underlying module.
  • the underlying module switches the mapping relationship between the logical address and the physical address, that is, transparent switching is implemented.
  • the communication system includes the device board A, the device board B, and its standby board B.
  • the board B is the main board
  • the board B' is the standby board.
  • the physical address of the board B is 301
  • the physical address of the board B' is 302.
  • the physical address 301 of the board B corresponds to the logical address 303
  • the physical address 302 of the board ⁇ corresponds to the logical address 304.
  • the other boards in the communication system such as the board, access the active board through logical address 303 to communicate with the active board.
  • the address mapping mechanism switches the address mapping relationship, mapping the physical address 301 of the active board to the logical address 304, and mapping the physical address 302 of the standby board B' to the logical address 303.
  • the board corresponding to the physical address 302 is accessed through the mapping relationship, so that the board actually communicates with the board B'.
  • the board B' becomes the active board, and the board B becomes the standby board.
  • the upper application module, or other boards, are not affected before and after the entire switching operation.
  • the above address mapping mechanism is adopted to implement fast switching of the underlying communication channel, which realizes fast processing of switching and reduces service interruption time. Since the operation of the address mapping relationship does not involve hardware switching, the reliability of the switching operation is improved. At the same time, for other service modules, the impact of switching is shielded and transparent.
  • FIG. 4 illustrates a flow of a switching method in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention. According to the foregoing, the switching process is divided into multiple steps, and the control module completes the control function, and the execution module completes the specific operation.
  • the trigger message is first transmitted to the control module, and the control module initiates the switching operation.
  • the control module performs a pre-processing of the switching to determine whether the system resource satisfies the switching condition. Because the switching operation requires certain system resource conditions to complete, before the switching is performed, in order to ensure the reliability of the switching, the control module first performs system resource judgment. For example, if the configuration of the standby board is complete, if the standby board is not configured, the active board cannot be used for communication. The switching operation cannot be performed. The control module will terminate the switching process. In the case of manual switching, the control module also determines whether the system resources are sufficient. For example, when the standby board runs abnormally, a warning signal is issued to notify the operator that the switching cannot be performed.
  • step 402 the control module sends a command to the active execution module and the standby execution module, and the primary execution module and the standby execution module perform reverse switching preprocessing to determine whether the service resource satisfies the switching condition. Because the switching operation has a certain impact on the service, the execution module must judge the currently running service before performing the switching. For example, when the service is busy or the real-time requirement is high, it is judged that the switching condition is not satisfied. , terminate the switch or postpone the switch, or issue a warning that the switch is unsafe.
  • the service execution backup process is performed by the active execution module and the standby execution module.
  • the data between the standby board and the active board cannot be synchronized. Even if the data is used in the warm backup mode, the data cannot be completely synchronized. Therefore, you need to back up the data of the active board to the standby board before the switchover is performed. Make the primary and backup data completely consistent, and ensure that the business communication can be smoothly connected after the switching occurs.
  • step 404 under the control of the control module, the switching process of the underlying communication channel is completed by the primary execution module and the standby execution module, that is, the address mapping relationship between the logical address and the physical address is modified. Map the logical address of the original active board to the physical address of the original standby board. This step completes the transparent switchover of the active and standby boards, and blocks the impact on the high-level application modules and other unrelated boards, and can be completed in a faster time.
  • step 405 under the control of the control module, the system-related configuration data switching process is completed by the main execution module and the standby execution module.
  • a device board needs to be configured to work properly. Therefore, after the switchover is completed, system-related configuration data processing is required. For example, you need to configure the status of the active and standby boards on the bottom layer so that the active board does not send data.
  • the standby board communicates with other boards in the system.
  • step 406 the main processing module and the standby execution module complete the smooth processing of the service data.
  • the execution module monitors the communication service of the primary and backup boards, and adopts corresponding policies in special cases to ensure that services are not as good as possible. Affected by the switching operation. For example, Check the communication data of the board. If the communication is abnormal, send a warning signal. If the active and standby boards are in the same state, the standby board is used. The data communicates and causes the active board to enter the standby state.
  • step 402 is omitted in the flow of the above-described switching method, if it is not necessary.
  • the active board is faulty, and the standby unit must take over the communication.
  • the impact on the service is unavoidable.
  • the data is designed to be a warm backup method, and the actual impact on the business will be small.
  • step 403 is omitted.
  • the main board is faulty due to a hardware failure, it is impossible to perform the recovery operation. Therefore, it is not necessary to back up the configuration data.
  • a board that serves as an active/standby redundant backup adopts a warm backup mode to ensure data synchronization and service smooth switching.
  • the service data on the main board changes, the service data is backed up to the standby board.
  • the running data on the active and standby boards is always consistent.
  • the manual switch is used to back up the service data to the standby board.
  • the warm backup is performed. Therefore, when the switchover occurs, the backup is required.
  • the amount of data is very small, and the time taken for data backup is relatively small, thereby increasing the speed of switching and reducing the impact on system and service communication.
  • the method of performing the switching of the switching process is also used to implement the switching recovery.
  • the switchover recovery means that the system can perform the switchover recovery according to the situation during the process of the switchover or the switchover.
  • the master/slave board is restored to the state before the switchover. This provides support for automatic manual switching in certain special situations. For example, the board switching process initiated by the operation and maintenance personnel requires the offline operation of the main board for a certain period of time.
  • the switching process is first divided into a plurality of stages, and the state control method is used to control the switching.
  • the switching recovery processing can be performed, and the state before the switching is restored as much as possible. Details below In the switching step, when an abnormal situation occurs, the switching recovery process is as follows:
  • step 401 or step 402 in the pre-processing stage of the switching, since the substantial switching operation has not been performed, if the switching fails, for example, the switching condition determination is not satisfied, the switching process is directly ended, and no switching is required. restore.
  • step 403 in the data backup phase, the data backup does not affect the normal operation of the original active board, but the data is backed up on the standby board. Therefore, when the switchover fails, the switchover recovery operation only needs to restore the standby board. For example, simply reset and restart the standby board.
  • step 404 if an abnormality occurs in the underlying communication channel switching phase, the switchover recovery operation is performed, and the underlying communication channel is switched to the state before the switchover, and the configuration of the original active board is restored, and the device is notified to operate as the active board.
  • step 405 in the system configuration data switching phase, if an abnormality occurs, the switching recovery operation is performed, and the related configuration data is restored to the original active/standby correspondence relationship, and then the underlying communication channel is switched to the state before the switching, and finally the original primary recovery is resumed.
  • the service module of the board is notified that it is running as the active board.
  • the system smooth upgrade and hardware maintenance of the uninterrupted service are implemented by the above-mentioned switching recovery mechanism. For example, if you use the switchover recovery, you can remove the active board from the system for a period of time, perform operation or maintenance, and then resume the operation of the active board by the switchover recovery mechanism. In this process, the standby board is used. The board replaces the main board, so the service is not interrupted.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Computer Security & Cryptography (AREA)
  • Data Exchanges In Wide-Area Networks (AREA)
  • Hardware Redundancy (AREA)

Abstract

Cette invention concerne un procédé et un système servant à réaliser la fonction de commutation dans un système de communication. Cette invention sépare une fonction de commande de commutation et une fonction d'exécution, en divisant un module de commande et un module d'exécution de sauvegarde maître. Le processus de commutation comprend plusieurs étapes et phases pour réaliser la commande des processus et le déphasage. La correspondance entre une adresse logique et une adresse physique est utilisée pour obtenir une commutation rapide pour un canal de communication dans une couche inférieure. Le processus de lissage et de sauvegarde des données et la sauvegarde automatique sont utilisés pour accroître la vitesse et la fiabilité de la commutation. La récupération de la commutation est ainsi possible, lorsqu'une défaillance se produit.
PCT/CN2005/000995 2004-07-13 2005-07-07 Procede et systeme de realisation de la fonction de commutation dans un systeme de communication WO2006005251A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN200410071746.8 2004-07-13
CNB2004100717468A CN100395962C (zh) 2004-07-13 2004-07-13 通信系统中设备的倒换方法及其系统

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2006005251A1 true WO2006005251A1 (fr) 2006-01-19

Family

ID=35783513

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/CN2005/000995 WO2006005251A1 (fr) 2004-07-13 2005-07-07 Procede et systeme de realisation de la fonction de commutation dans un systeme de communication

Country Status (2)

Country Link
CN (1) CN100395962C (fr)
WO (1) WO2006005251A1 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN111478947A (zh) * 2020-03-20 2020-07-31 珠海高凌信息科技股份有限公司 主备控制板实时同步方法及系统

Families Citing this family (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101247213A (zh) * 2007-02-16 2008-08-20 华为技术有限公司 一种主备倒换的方法及系统
CN101222358B (zh) * 2008-01-22 2010-06-09 华为技术有限公司 一种配置迁移方法及装置
CN101267345B (zh) * 2008-03-10 2010-12-08 中兴通讯股份有限公司 业务节点备份方法及分布式系统
CN101599852B (zh) * 2008-06-06 2011-08-24 中兴通讯股份有限公司 单板间多模块的通信方法、多软件模块的单板、通讯设备
CN102257848B (zh) * 2011-05-31 2014-12-10 华为技术有限公司 通信设备间的主备倒换方法、通信设备和系统及服务请求设备
WO2011157145A2 (fr) * 2011-05-31 2011-12-22 华为技术有限公司 Procédé de basculement principal / appoint entre dispositifs de communications, système et dispositif de demande de service
CN103068034B (zh) * 2013-01-29 2016-05-11 大唐移动通信设备有限公司 一种数据同步的方法及装置
CN112714461B (zh) * 2021-01-29 2022-05-31 四川安迪科技实业有限公司 一种dama卫星网络中心站保护倒换方法

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN1321004A (zh) * 2000-04-25 2001-11-07 华为技术有限公司 交换机的主备倒换方法及其实现装置
US20030033268A1 (en) * 2001-08-09 2003-02-13 Srikanth Muthya Data access component providing transparent access to a plurality of medical imaging databases

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN1321004A (zh) * 2000-04-25 2001-11-07 华为技术有限公司 交换机的主备倒换方法及其实现装置
US20030033268A1 (en) * 2001-08-09 2003-02-13 Srikanth Muthya Data access component providing transparent access to a plurality of medical imaging databases

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN111478947A (zh) * 2020-03-20 2020-07-31 珠海高凌信息科技股份有限公司 主备控制板实时同步方法及系统

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CN1722628A (zh) 2006-01-18
CN100395962C (zh) 2008-06-18

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US7617411B2 (en) Cluster system and failover method for cluster system
US8032786B2 (en) Information-processing equipment and system therefor with switching control for switchover operation
CN101179432A (zh) 一种多机环境中实现系统高可用的方法
CN101594383B (zh) 一种双控制器存储系统的服务和控制器状态监控方法
CN101160794B (zh) 一种智能网业务控制设备容灾系统和方法
WO2016058307A1 (fr) Appareil et procédé de gestion de défaut pour une ressource
CN110912991A (zh) 一种基于超融合双节点高可用的实现方法
CN101237413B (zh) 在转发和控制分离网络件架构下实现控制件高可用性的方法
CN107733684A (zh) 一种基于龙芯处理器的多控制器计算冗余集群
WO2010015574A1 (fr) Conservation d'intégrité de données dans des serveurs de données dans des centres de données
CN105302661A (zh) 一种实现虚拟化管理平台高可用的系统和方法
CN103346903A (zh) 一种双机备份的方法和装置
CN107612960B (zh) 电网调度中一体化控制系统
CN100407646C (zh) 一种实现数据业务备份的方法
WO2017097006A1 (fr) Procédé et système de traitement de tolérance aux anomalies de données en temps réel
KR20030054165A (ko) 이동통신 시스템의 프로세서 보드 이중화 장치 및 방법
CN100496030C (zh) 基于高可用性系统的综合接入媒体网关设备
CN101141282B (zh) 一种网管系统及其管理方法
CN112511326A (zh) 一种切换方法、装置、设备和存储介质
WO2006005251A1 (fr) Procede et systeme de realisation de la fonction de commutation dans un systeme de communication
CN117201278A (zh) 一种实现信创环境云原生应用主备容灾高可用场景的方法
CN107395444A (zh) 一种基于sdn控制器故障恢复系统及方法
WO2021238579A1 (fr) Procédé de gestion de disque dur sata au moyen d'un système de stockage, et système de stockage
CN101686261A (zh) 一种基于rac的冗余服务器系统
EP2538612A1 (fr) Procédé et dispositif pour gérer un service

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
AK Designated states

Kind code of ref document: A1

Designated state(s): AE AG AL AM AT AU AZ BA BB BG BR BW BY BZ CA CH CN CO CR CU CZ DE DK DM DZ EC EE EG ES FI GB GD GE GH GM HR HU ID IL IN IS JP KE KG KM KP KR KZ LC LK LR LS LT LU LV MA MD MG MK MN MW MX MZ NA NG NI NO NZ OM PG PH PL PT RO RU SC SD SE SG SK SL SM SY TJ TM TN TR TT TZ UA UG US UZ VC VN YU ZA ZM ZW

AL Designated countries for regional patents

Kind code of ref document: A1

Designated state(s): GM KE LS MW MZ NA SD SL SZ TZ UG ZM ZW AM AZ BY KG KZ MD RU TJ TM AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HU IE IS IT LT LU LV MC NL PL PT RO SE SI SK TR BF BJ CF CG CI CM GA GN GQ GW ML MR NE SN TD TG

121 Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application
NENP Non-entry into the national phase

Ref country code: DE

WWW Wipo information: withdrawn in national office

Country of ref document: DE

122 Ep: pct application non-entry in european phase
点击 这是indexloc提供的php浏览器服务，不要输入任何密码和下载