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WO2006003690A1 - Components artificially reproduced in scale of skeletons of vertebrates and relative method of assembly - Google Patents

Components artificially reproduced in scale of skeletons of vertebrates and relative method of assembly Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2006003690A1
WO2006003690A1 PCT/IT2005/000377 IT2005000377W WO2006003690A1 WO 2006003690 A1 WO2006003690 A1 WO 2006003690A1 IT 2005000377 W IT2005000377 W IT 2005000377W WO 2006003690 A1 WO2006003690 A1 WO 2006003690A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
scapula
components
appendages
seats
skeletons
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/IT2005/000377
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Michelangelo Ricci
Original Assignee
La Bottega Di Michelangelo S.R.L.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by La Bottega Di Michelangelo S.R.L. filed Critical La Bottega Di Michelangelo S.R.L.
Priority to EP05760565A priority Critical patent/EP1769482A1/en
Publication of WO2006003690A1 publication Critical patent/WO2006003690A1/en

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09B—EDUCATIONAL OR DEMONSTRATION APPLIANCES; APPLIANCES FOR TEACHING, OR COMMUNICATING WITH, THE BLIND, DEAF OR MUTE; MODELS; PLANETARIA; GLOBES; MAPS; DIAGRAMS
    • G09B23/00—Models for scientific, medical, or mathematical purposes, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes
    • G09B23/36—Models for scientific, medical, or mathematical purposes, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes for zoology

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a system for assembling a plurality of components artificially reproduced in scale of skeletons of vertebrates in general and in particular of extinct prehistoric animals.
  • the components reproduce in scale the bones forming the skeleton of a vertebrate.
  • one of the two components to be assembled is provided with an appendage and the other with a seat with corresponding morphology, in which said appendage can be received and held by friction and/or by gluing, in order to connect the two components in the correct reciprocal anatomical arrangement; a magnetic connection could also be provided.
  • Said appendages and, consequently, the seats in which they are housed can have a constant section or also a progressively decreasing section.
  • the glue utilized is a natural slow-bonding glue, so that total assembly of the skeleton requires approximately one week to be completed.
  • each rib of an adjacent group of ribs is provided with an appendage and a plurality of seats with corresponding morphology to said appendages are provided in the scapula, to thereby create a multiple one-to-one connection between the group of adjacent ribs and the scapula, even in the absence of anatomical connection surfaces.
  • the seats in the scapula can be produced in a specific boss provided for this purpose and produced as an integral part of the scapula, in particular the seats in the scapula can be produced in the form of a comb in said boss.
  • the scapula and respective ribs form a single indivisible piece; advantageously, the vertebrae on which said ribs are connected also form a single piece, in order to obtain part of the spinal column without the need for gluing.
  • Figure 1 schematically shows a skull and some assembled vertebrae of a skeleton of a vertebrate according to the invention
  • Figure 2A schematically shows a partial exploded view of the vertebrate in Figure 1;
  • Figure 2B schematically shows an axonometric view of the part of assembled skeleton in Figure 2A;
  • Figure 3 schematically shows a vertebra of the skeleton
  • Figure 4 schematically shows a partial view of a front limb and of the rib cage of the vertebrate in Figure 1;
  • Figure 5 schematically shows an exploded view of the rear foot of the vertebrate
  • FIGS. 6A, 6B, 6C and 6D schematically show different types of appendages for connection
  • Figure 7 schematically shows a further embodiment of the rib cage of a vertebrate
  • Figure 8 shows all the components of a skeleton according to the embodiment in figure 7.
  • the structure of a skull of a skeleton of a vertebrate is indicated, somewhat schematically, with 1, see Figure 1, the vertebrae of a spinal column are indicated with 3, including the cervical vertebra 3X which must be connected to the skull 1.
  • the ribs are indicated as a whole with 5, see Figure 2A and 2B, with a progressively modified shape to form the rib cage, while the scapula typical of a front limb I 1 9, 11, 12 and 13, is indicated with 7.
  • the skull 1 has a seat 15 and the vertebra 3X has an appendage 17X which corresponds morphologically with the seat 15 to be inserted therein and blocked either by friction or by gluing, or also be gluing and friction simultaneously.
  • appendages 17 are provided on one side and seats 19 on the opposite side, corresponding morphologically with the appendages 17 to be inserted therein to form the spinal column by connected one vertebra after another; said vertebrae have a different morphology from one another although they are relatively similar, as occurs in nature.
  • Each vertebra must be suitably provided with a sign that facilitates formation of the structure of a spinal column with the succession of the vertebrae appropriately indicated.
  • each of the individual vertebrae 3 shown therein has a lateral extension 21 corresponding to the position in which in nature a rib 5 comes to rest on the corresponding vertebra; said extension 21 forms a seat 23 for an appendage 25 produced in the proximal end of the rib 5 which must rest against the respective vertebra 3; in this way connection is obtained between each rib 5 and the corresponding vertebra.
  • Each vertebra 3 of the area of the rib cage also has a projection 27, designed to receive, resting thereaga ⁇ nst, an end 5X of the corresponding rib 5; in this way each of the ribs 5 is engaged with the corresponding vertebra 3 through the appendage 25 and the seat 23 and through the end 5X resting on the corresponding projection 27 of the vertebra.
  • the projection 27 and the end 5X may also be glued.
  • the components of the humerus, ulna, radius and end of the front limb are indicated respectively with 9, 11, 12 and 13, see Figure 4; the corresponding components of the rear limbs are indicated with 109, 111, 112 and 113, see Figure 5.
  • Seats like the ones 119 and 219 and appendages like the ones 117 and 217 are provided between these components for stable connection by friction and/or by gluing of these components in positions compatible with the connection surfaces provided in nature, in one of the positions which can be taken by the limb.
  • connection is once more produced with appendages and seats like the ones indicated with 17 and 19, or similar, but which are provided as appendages 317 in the group of ribs 5 at the level of the position in which the scapula must be located, and with a boss 319R along the inner side of the scapula in which seats 319 are produced with a morphology corresponding to the morphology of the appendages 17; in this way the two scapulae 7 can be positioned with substantial precision on the corresponding groups of ribs 5, as shown clearly in Figure 2B.
  • the ribs 5 have an unequivocal position with respect to the structure of the spinal column due to the presence of the appendages 25 and of the seats 23 described above in the
  • the scapula 7 has a seat 419, see Figure 2A, corresponding to the acetabular surface of the component 9 of the humerus, to receive the appendage with which the humerus 9 will be provided at the proximal end to the scapula 7.
  • the femur 109 see also
  • Figure 5 will be provided with an appendage 517 at the level of the proximal end which corresponds to the head of the femur 109, said appendage 517 which will be received in a seat 519 the same as the one 189 produced in the acetabular seat provided in the pelvis of the skeleton in question, represented only partially with 520 in Figure 5.
  • Figures 6A, 6B and 6C indicate appendages of various substantially equivalent forms.
  • Figure 6A shows a substantially prismatic appendage 17
  • Figures 6B and 6C respectively show appendages 617 in the form of a truncated pyramid, with an inclination which guarantees stable connection even only by friction, and appendages 717, with a cylindrical or, optionally, truncated cone shaped extension, but with a non-circular section.
  • Figure 6D shows an appendage 817 with cylindrical or truncated cone shaped extension, with a circular section and with a thread, with which a seat with corresponding thread will correspond, for screw connection with or without glue.
  • a magnetic connection system can also be provided, which can optionally have at least a degree of freedom for angular adjustment.
  • Figure 7 shows another embodiment of the rib cage area, wherein the scapula 70 and respective ribs 50 form a single piece, without the need for gluing; advantageously, the vertebrae 30 to which said ribs 50 are connected, also form a single piece, to obtain part of the spinal column without the need for gluing.
  • Figure 8 shows all the components forming the entire skeleton shown in part in the embodiment in Figure 7, wherein the same reference numbers correspond to the same components; further components are also shown, which complete the skeleton described by way of example, said skeleton being typical of a triceratops.
  • the mandible is indicated with IM, the dorsal vertebrae with 51, the components forming the pubic bone with 120 and 122, the components forming the tail with 150 and the pelvis with 520.
  • Said components are susceptible to be combined in the same way as described specifically for only part of the components of the skeleton, namely with the same criterion already described for the components specifically illustrated.
  • Each component, each appendage and each of the seats will be respectively marked in order to facilitate assembly of the entire reproduction of the skeleton, preferably made of non-toxic material, such as imitation ivory, composed of marble dust and resin and, optionally, lime, with suitable surface treatment to make each component very closely reproduce the components of natural skeletons.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Zoology (AREA)
  • Mathematical Optimization (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Algebra (AREA)
  • Computational Mathematics (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • Mathematical Analysis (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Mathematical Physics (AREA)
  • Pure & Applied Mathematics (AREA)
  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Educational Administration (AREA)
  • Educational Technology (AREA)
  • Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
  • Prostheses (AREA)

Abstract

Components artificially reproduced in scale of skeletons of vertebrates in general and in particular of extinct prehistoric animals, wherein said components to be assembled have prismatic appendages and seats with corresponding morphology for connecting by friction and/or by gluing, or even magnetically.

Description

"Components artificially reproduced in scale of skeletons of vertebrates and relative method of assembly"
DESCRIPTION
The invention relates to a system for assembling a plurality of components artificially reproduced in scale of skeletons of vertebrates in general and in particular of extinct prehistoric animals.
In substance, the components reproduce in scale the bones forming the skeleton of a vertebrate.
In this way, it is possible to create groups of loose pieces susceptible to be assembled according to suitable information, to reconstruct the reproduction of a specific skeleton, producing stimuli which have an educational and cultural aspect, and at the same time a pleasant appeal as a game of patience and skill, which can be combined with the occasion of a visit to a specialized museum or as an incentive for such a visit.
In substance, in the system in question, one of the two components to be assembled is provided with an appendage and the other with a seat with corresponding morphology, in which said appendage can be received and held by friction and/or by gluing, in order to connect the two components in the correct reciprocal anatomical arrangement; a magnetic connection could also be provided.
Said appendages and, consequently, the seats in which they are housed can have a constant section or also a progressively decreasing section.
In the case that the components are assembled by gluing, different types of glue can be used, such as rapid setting glue or natural glues.
In the preferred embodiment of the invention the glue utilized is a natural slow-bonding glue, so that total assembly of the skeleton requires approximately one week to be completed.
To connect two components with complementary surfaces, which in nature allow more or less limited relative movements, the aforesaid embodiment is useful. In other cases, when in nature there are no surfaces for direct and unequivocal connection to obtain the correct anatomical position, for example between the rib cage and the scapula of the front limb, each rib of an adjacent group of ribs is provided with an appendage and a plurality of seats with corresponding morphology to said appendages are provided in the scapula, to thereby create a multiple one-to-one connection between the group of adjacent ribs and the scapula, even in the absence of anatomical connection surfaces. The seats in the scapula can be produced in a specific boss provided for this purpose and produced as an integral part of the scapula, in particular the seats in the scapula can be produced in the form of a comb in said boss.
In a further embodiment of the invention, the scapula and respective ribs form a single indivisible piece; advantageously, the vertebrae on which said ribs are connected also form a single piece, in order to obtain part of the spinal column without the need for gluing. Brief description of the drawings
The invention shall be better understood by following the description and accompanying drawing, which shows a non-limiting practical embodiment of said finding. In the drawings:
Figure 1 schematically shows a skull and some assembled vertebrae of a skeleton of a vertebrate according to the invention;
Figure 2A schematically shows a partial exploded view of the vertebrate in Figure 1;
Figure 2B schematically shows an axonometric view of the part of assembled skeleton in Figure 2A;
Figure 3 schematically shows a vertebra of the skeleton;
Figure 4 schematically shows a partial view of a front limb and of the rib cage of the vertebrate in Figure 1;
Figure 5 schematically shows an exploded view of the rear foot of the vertebrate;
Figures 6A, 6B, 6C and 6D schematically show different types of appendages for connection;
Figure 7 schematically shows a further embodiment of the rib cage of a vertebrate;
Figure 8 shows all the components of a skeleton according to the embodiment in figure 7.
Detailed description of a preferred embodiment
With reference to the drawings, in which the same parts in all the various figures are indicated with the same numbers, the structure of a skull of a skeleton of a vertebrate is indicated, somewhat schematically, with 1, see Figure 1, the vertebrae of a spinal column are indicated with 3, including the cervical vertebra 3X which must be connected to the skull 1. The ribs are indicated as a whole with 5, see Figure 2A and 2B, with a progressively modified shape to form the rib cage, while the scapula typical of a front limb I1 9, 11, 12 and 13, is indicated with 7. The skull 1 has a seat 15 and the vertebra 3X has an appendage 17X which corresponds morphologically with the seat 15 to be inserted therein and blocked either by friction or by gluing, or also be gluing and friction simultaneously. In the other vertebrae 3, see also Figure 3, appendages 17 are provided on one side and seats 19 on the opposite side, corresponding morphologically with the appendages 17 to be inserted therein to form the spinal column by connected one vertebra after another; said vertebrae have a different morphology from one another although they are relatively similar, as occurs in nature. Each vertebra must be suitably provided with a sign that facilitates formation of the structure of a spinal column with the succession of the vertebrae appropriately indicated. In the area of the rib cage - see Figures 2A to 4 - each of the individual vertebrae 3 shown therein has a lateral extension 21 corresponding to the position in which in nature a rib 5 comes to rest on the corresponding vertebra; said extension 21 forms a seat 23 for an appendage 25 produced in the proximal end of the rib 5 which must rest against the respective vertebra 3; in this way connection is obtained between each rib 5 and the corresponding vertebra. Each vertebra 3 of the area of the rib cage also has a projection 27, designed to receive, resting thereagaϊnst, an end 5X of the corresponding rib 5; in this way each of the ribs 5 is engaged with the corresponding vertebra 3 through the appendage 25 and the seat 23 and through the end 5X resting on the corresponding projection 27 of the vertebra. The projection 27 and the end 5X may also be glued.
The components of the humerus, ulna, radius and end of the front limb are indicated respectively with 9, 11, 12 and 13, see Figure 4; the corresponding components of the rear limbs are indicated with 109, 111, 112 and 113, see Figure 5. Seats like the ones 119 and 219 and appendages like the ones 117 and 217 are provided between these components for stable connection by friction and/or by gluing of these components in positions compatible with the connection surfaces provided in nature, in one of the positions which can be taken by the limb.
With regard to the scapula 1 , see in particular Figures 2A and 2B, as it has no connecting surface with . other components of the skeleton, but must find a position at the level of a certain group of ribs like the ones shown in Figure 2A, 2B and 4, connection is once more produced with appendages and seats like the ones indicated with 17 and 19, or similar, but which are provided as appendages 317 in the group of ribs 5 at the level of the position in which the scapula must be located, and with a boss 319R along the inner side of the scapula in which seats 319 are produced with a morphology corresponding to the morphology of the appendages 17; in this way the two scapulae 7 can be positioned with substantial precision on the corresponding groups of ribs 5, as shown clearly in Figure 2B. In turn, the ribs 5 have an unequivocal position with respect to the structure of the spinal column due to the presence of the appendages 25 and of the seats 23 described above in the vertebrae corresponding to the scapulae 7.
The scapula 7 has a seat 419, see Figure 2A, corresponding to the acetabular surface of the component 9 of the humerus, to receive the appendage with which the humerus 9 will be provided at the proximal end to the scapula 7. Likewise, the femur 109, see also
Figure 5, will be provided with an appendage 517 at the level of the proximal end which corresponds to the head of the femur 109, said appendage 517 which will be received in a seat 519 the same as the one 189 produced in the acetabular seat provided in the pelvis of the skeleton in question, represented only partially with 520 in Figure 5.
Figures 6A, 6B and 6C indicate appendages of various substantially equivalent forms. In particular, Figure 6A shows a substantially prismatic appendage 17; Figures 6B and 6C respectively show appendages 617 in the form of a truncated pyramid, with an inclination which guarantees stable connection even only by friction, and appendages 717, with a cylindrical or, optionally, truncated cone shaped extension, but with a non-circular section. Figure 6D shows an appendage 817 with cylindrical or truncated cone shaped extension, with a circular section and with a thread, with which a seat with corresponding thread will correspond, for screw connection with or without glue. A magnetic connection system can also be provided, which can optionally have at least a degree of freedom for angular adjustment.
Figure 7 shows another embodiment of the rib cage area, wherein the scapula 70 and respective ribs 50 form a single piece, without the need for gluing; advantageously, the vertebrae 30 to which said ribs 50 are connected, also form a single piece, to obtain part of the spinal column without the need for gluing.
Figure 8 shows all the components forming the entire skeleton shown in part in the embodiment in Figure 7, wherein the same reference numbers correspond to the same components; further components are also shown, which complete the skeleton described by way of example, said skeleton being typical of a triceratops. In particular, the mandible is indicated with IM, the dorsal vertebrae with 51, the components forming the pubic bone with 120 and 122, the components forming the tail with 150 and the pelvis with 520.
Said components are susceptible to be combined in the same way as described specifically for only part of the components of the skeleton, namely with the same criterion already described for the components specifically illustrated. Each component, each appendage and each of the seats will be respectively marked in order to facilitate assembly of the entire reproduction of the skeleton, preferably made of non-toxic material, such as imitation ivory, composed of marble dust and resin and, optionally, lime, with suitable surface treatment to make each component very closely reproduce the components of natural skeletons.
Moreover, reproductions of existing animals and even of humans can be produced, also and above all for teaching and cultural purposes. It is understood that the drawing merely shows an example provided purely as a practical embodiment of the invention, which may vary in forms and arrangements without however departing from the scope of the concept on which said invention is based. Any reference numbers in the appended claims are provided to facilitate reading of the claims with reference to the description and to the drawing, and do not limit the scope of protection represented by said claims.

Claims

1. System for forming a skeleton reproducing the skeletons of vertebrates, also of extinct prehistoric animals, characterized in that components are produced in scale reproducing components of natural skeletons, and in that said components to be assembled comprise on the one hand an appendage (17, 17X, 117, 217, 317, 417, 517, 617, 717, 817) and on the other a morphologically corresponding seat (15, 19, 119, 219, 319,. 419, 519), wherein said appendage can be received and held by friction and/or by gluing, in order to connect said components in the reciprocal correct anatomic arrangement.
2. System as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that, in order to obtain anatomically correct positioning between the rib cage (5) and the scapula (7) of the front limb, each rib (5) of a group of adjacent ribs is provided with an appendage (317) and in that a plurality of seats (319) with morphology corresponding to the morphology of the appendages (317) are formed in the scapula (7), to create a bi-univocal connection between the group of adjacent ribs (5) and the scapula (7), even in the absence of anatomical connection surfaces.
3. System as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that said seats (319) in said scapula (7) are produced in a specific boss (319R) provided for this purpose and which is an integral part of said scapula (7).
4. System as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that said seats (319) in said scapula (7) are produced in the form of a comb in said boss (319R).
5. System as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that a scapula (70) of the front limb and respective ribs (50) form a single indivisible component.
6. System as claimed in claim 5, characterized in that vertebrae (30), on which said ribs (50) forming a single component with said scapula (70) are connected, form a further single indivisible component.
7. System as claimed in at least one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that said appendages (17, 17X7 117, 217, 317, 417, 517, 617, 717, 817) have a non-circular and preferably polygonal section.
8. System as claimed in at least one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that said appendages (17, 17X, 117, 217, 317, 417, 517, 617, 717, 817) have a constant section.
9. System as claimed in at least one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that said appendages (17, 17X, 117, 217, 317, 417,
517, 617, 717, 817) have a progressively decreasing section.
10. System as claimed in at least one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that said appendages (817) and the respective seats have a thread.
11. System as claimed in at least one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that said appendages are produced to implement a magnetic connection, with or without at least a degree of freedom.
12. System for assembling components artificially reproduced in scale of skeletons of vertebrates, all as described and represented by way of example in the accompanying drawing.
PCT/IT2005/000377 2004-07-06 2005-07-01 Components artificially reproduced in scale of skeletons of vertebrates and relative method of assembly WO2006003690A1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP05760565A EP1769482A1 (en) 2004-07-06 2005-07-01 Components artificially reproduced in scale of skeletons of vertebrates and relative method of assembly

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
ITFI2004A000153 2004-07-06
ITFI20040153 ITFI20040153A1 (en) 2004-07-06 2004-07-06 ARTIFICALLY REPRODUCED COMPONENTS OF VERTEBRATE SKELETON AND RELATED ASSEMBLY METHOD

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WO2006003690A1 true WO2006003690A1 (en) 2006-01-12

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IT (1) ITFI20040153A1 (en)
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Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2995833A (en) * 1959-06-10 1961-08-15 Superior Plastics Inc Anatomical device
US4200995A (en) * 1977-02-28 1980-05-06 Trella Phyllis L Joint construction for skeletal model
US5752869A (en) * 1996-02-01 1998-05-19 Huff; Randolph W. Toy construction set
US5941712A (en) * 1997-10-28 1999-08-24 Smith; Laura Janene Educational kit
US20030104345A1 (en) * 2001-08-09 2003-06-05 Oliver Brown-Wilkinson Orthopaedic demonstration aid
US20040097166A1 (en) * 2002-11-20 2004-05-20 Richard Maddocks Artificial eye with integrally molded eyelid

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2995833A (en) * 1959-06-10 1961-08-15 Superior Plastics Inc Anatomical device
US4200995A (en) * 1977-02-28 1980-05-06 Trella Phyllis L Joint construction for skeletal model
US5752869A (en) * 1996-02-01 1998-05-19 Huff; Randolph W. Toy construction set
US5941712A (en) * 1997-10-28 1999-08-24 Smith; Laura Janene Educational kit
US20030104345A1 (en) * 2001-08-09 2003-06-05 Oliver Brown-Wilkinson Orthopaedic demonstration aid
US20040097166A1 (en) * 2002-11-20 2004-05-20 Richard Maddocks Artificial eye with integrally molded eyelid

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP1769482A1 (en) 2007-04-04
ITFI20040153A1 (en) 2004-10-06

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