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WO2006054905A1 - Systeme regulateur de pression annulaire - Google Patents

Systeme regulateur de pression annulaire Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2006054905A1
WO2006054905A1 PCT/NO2005/000436 NO2005000436W WO2006054905A1 WO 2006054905 A1 WO2006054905 A1 WO 2006054905A1 NO 2005000436 W NO2005000436 W NO 2005000436W WO 2006054905 A1 WO2006054905 A1 WO 2006054905A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
control system
pressure control
annular pressure
riser
drill string
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/NO2005/000436
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Kjetil Bekkeheien
Inger Kjellevoll
Sigbjørn HØYLAND
Original Assignee
Statoil Asa
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Statoil Asa filed Critical Statoil Asa
Publication of WO2006054905A1 publication Critical patent/WO2006054905A1/fr

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B21/00—Methods or apparatus for flushing boreholes, e.g. by use of exhaust air from motor
    • E21B21/08—Controlling or monitoring pressure or flow of drilling fluid, e.g. automatic filling of boreholes, automatic control of bottom pressure

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to drilling through hydrocarbon containing formations for later to be able to produce hydrocarbons. More specifically, the invention relates to pressure control at such drilling, to keep the pressure of a drilling fluid within acceptable limits, the drilling being accomplished from a unit floating on the sea surface, with a drill string brought through a riser extending from the unit to a blow out preventer on the sea bed.
  • a drill string with a drill bit in its lower end is used.
  • the drill string is rotated from the surface, such that the drill bit penetrates the underground formations.
  • the drill string consists of sections of drill pipe. After drilling out a section length, casing is arranged, to close against the surface of the penetrated formation.
  • a drilling fluid (mud) is used while drilling, which circulates from the surface down through the drill string, out from the drill bit and back to the surface through an annular space formed between the drill string and the surrounding penetrated formation or pipe on the outside of the drill string.
  • the drilling fluid flowing back through the annular space entrains drilling cuttings, which is fragments of the penetrated formations.
  • the pressure of the drilling fluid is adapted such that it balances the pressure of the formation (pore pressure) that is penetrated, by adapting the weight and composition of the drilling fluid. If the pressure of the drilling fluid becomes too low, fluid from the formation can enter into the drilling fluid or problems can occur with stability where the formation is weak, such as regions with shale. If the pressure of the drilling fluid becomes too high, fracturing of the formation will take place, and drilling fluid can leak into the formation. The pressure of the drilling fluid increases downward into the well bore until the well is horizontal.
  • the static pressure of the drilling fluid must generally be adapted to be between the pore pressure of the formation and the pressure that results in damage in form of fracturing, and the mud weight must be sufficient to hinder collapse of penetrated shale zones.
  • an additional pressure is applied by use of surface positioned mud pumps.
  • the difference between the static pressure and the pressure at circulation of the drilling fluid increases with the length of the well bore and with narrow tolerances between the drilling string and outside pipes, because of friction in the path of flow.
  • the properties of the drilling fluid are also essential for the extent of friction loss.
  • the problems is significant at drilling in depleted formations, drilling in sub sea completed wells, drilling in depleted high pressure reservoirs, drilling in deep waters, and drilling of long wells and extensions wells from floating installations.
  • depleted formations the pore pressure of the formations and the related fracturing pressure are reduced.
  • the fracturing pressure decreases as a result of stress reduction in the formation, related to the depletion.
  • several zones of formation have to be penetrated at drilling, each zone having a specific limit for minimum and maximum allowable pressure for the drilling fluid.
  • the useful pressure interval of a specific zone, and particularly the combination of zones to be penetrated by a well bore can for long, narrow well bores be lower than the difference between static well pressure and the well pressure at circulation of the drilling fluid (circulation pressure).
  • a further known device is the ORIBIS/DORS concept, ref: US patent No. 6 454 022, Sep. 24, 2004, "Riser tube for use in great sea depth and method for drilling at such depth", which prescribes evacuation of the annular space inside the riser such that only air is present down to a level above the blowout preventer on the sea bed.
  • This solution however provides great uncertainty with respect to safety because an explosive air-gas mixture can be formed in the riser, and also, increased wear on the drill pipe because it is rotated in an air filled riser without surrounding drilling fluid for lubrication.
  • annular pressure control system for control of the annular space pressure at drilling through one or more hydrocarbon-containing formations, the drilling being accomplished from a unit floating on the surface of the sea, with a drill string brought through a riser extending from the unit to a blow out preventer or well head on the sea bed.
  • the annular pressure control system is distinguished in that during operation it is arranged sealingly in the annular space between the riser and the drill string, the annular pressure control system comprising: an outer anchoring slips for stationary, but releasable, fastening to the riser, an outer sealing towards the riser, an inner running slips for fastening to the drill string, a slip sealing towards the drill string, such that the drill string can be rotated and be brought down or up, a pump with inlet in the annular space below the sealings and outlet in the annular space above the sealings, and a power unit for operation of the pump, with coupling for power and control from the surface.
  • the annular pressure control system is preferably arranged on a dedicated riser section, preferably with the pump and power unit arranged removably on the outside of the riser section.
  • the dedicated riser section having pump and power unit mounted, preferably has outer diameter allowing feeding through a rotary table on the floating unit.
  • the pump and power unit can preferably be brought down, fastened and taken off and up by use of cable operations, independently of lowering or retrieving of the riser.
  • the inner and outer anchoring slips and sealings can be brought down, installed, uninstalled and brought up, with the drill string, with devices for locking and connecting to a dedicated riser section with pump and power unit, the pump and power unit preferably being arranged on the outside of the riser section, but they can also be arranged on the inside.
  • connection for power and control from the surface it is meant that the power for operation of the pump unit is not provided with a turbine in a drill string, but is delivered separately from the surface through a cable or pipe, preferably through an umbilical.
  • the power unit is preferably run hydraulically, electrically or electro- hydaulically.
  • anchoring slips it is also meant other means than anchoring slips for fastening or anchoring through the riser and drill string, respectively, for example is installation of a nipple profile in the riser or the riser section a possibility, such that the annular pressure control system is locked to the riser with locking bolts that are activated and anchored in the nipple profile.
  • a so called “no go” be used to set sealing elements.
  • the pump and power unit can be integrated as one unit, likewise can the outer anchoring slips and the outer sealings be integrated as one unit, and the inner anchoring slips and the inner sealings can be integrated as one unit.
  • the disclosure of sealings, slips, pump and power unit in the patent claims are to be construed as disclosure of functional features that can be arranged in integrated units as indicated above.
  • the inner (running) slips for fastening to the drill string are preferably hydraulically controlled through an umbilical.
  • the inner slips is preferably used at setting down and taking up of the elements of the annular pressure control system (sealing part) that is arranged within the riser, however other methods and means for installation and uninstallation can be useful, and elements can be pre-installed.
  • the annular pressure control system preferably comprises pressure control of the pump, preferably adjustable from the surface such that the suction pressure below the pump at any time is kept at a settable appropriate pressure.
  • hydraulic control of sealings and slips is arranged.
  • the annular pressure control system preferably has connection to an umbilical, for transfer of all power (electric, hydraulic), electric, optical or hydraulic signals.
  • Figure 1 is a section of the annular pressure control system according to the invention
  • FIG. 2 is a principal sketch of the annular pressure control system of the invention, as installed during operation,
  • Figure 3 illustrates the pressure conditions during drilling through different zones of formation
  • Figure 4, 5 and 6 illustrate the pressure conditions related to the depth at different drilling situations.
  • Zone No. 4 is depleted, such that the pressure P4 is relatively low, and correspondingly the pressure for fracturing is reduced.
  • the maximum allowable pressure at circulation is therefore limited by the reduced pressure for fracturing of zone 4 (P4).
  • the static well pressure represents the weight of the static drilling mud when no circulation takes place.
  • the static well pressure must balance the highest formation pressure, which is found in zone 1 (Pl), if the riser is disconnected from the sub sea well, which can take place in several situations, for example bad weather or other floating installations being on a collision course.
  • FIG. 4 illustrates drilling at a narrow range for acceptable pressure (pressure window) which can be the situation at drilling conditions as initially described.
  • Figure 5 illustrates the problems of drilling through depleted reservoirs, which appears by parallel displacement in the lower part of the well of the pore pressure and fracturing pressure.
  • Figure 6 the conditions at drilling in deep waters are illustrated.
  • FIG 2 illustrating how the sealing part of the annular pressure control system according to the invention preferably is arranged in the annular space between the riser and drill string, and power units/motors, pumps and umbilicals preferably being arranged outside to the riser.
  • the pump device will preferably be installed close to the blowout preventer on the sea bed, but at limited requirement for lift the device can be placed higher up in the riser, assuming a positive inlet pressure to the pump.
  • Figure 1 which in partial section illustrates the basic structure.
  • the annular pressure control system comprises an outer anchoring slips for stationary, but releasable, fastening to the riser 4, an outer sealing 5 towards the riser (here integrated with the outer anchoring slips 5), slip sealing 1 towards the drill string, such that the drill string can be rotated and simultaneously be brought down or up, with or without a differential pressure over the slip sealing, a pump 2 with inlet in the annular space below the sealings and outlet in the annular space above the sealings, and a power unit 3 for operation of the pump, with power provided from the surface, preferably through an umbilical connected to a dedicated coupling.
  • the annular pressure control system further comprises an inner running slips 1 (here integrated with the slip sealing 1) for fastening towards the drill string, and preferably a release mechanism (not illustrated), for release in an emergency situation of the slips 1.
  • sensors are preferably arranged (not illustrated), which typically can comprise sensors for pressure, flow rate, temperature, position transmitters for components of the annular pressure control system, diagnostics, etc.
  • the annular pressure control system can be provided with additional slip sealings and optionally additional pumps.
  • the umbilical (not illustrated) has a dedicated coupling 6, and transfers for example hydraulics, electrical or hydraulic power, data and communication.
  • the annular pressure control system also comprises surface-located equipment for power and hydraulics, monitoring and control, etc, and auxiliary equipment for deployment, fastening, sealing, release and taking up of the sealing part, pump and power unit.
  • the annular pressure control system is preferably operated synchronised with the mud pumps on the surface, such that when circulation is commenced, the annular pressure control system is started synchronised.
  • the annular pressure control system can be installed and activated any time during the drilling process.
  • the sealing part is installed and brought into the well bore on a conventional drill pipe, which means that the drilling process continues immediately after installation.
  • the sealing part is preferably installed in a special built riser section. Pumps and power units are preferably installed on the outside or very close to the riser section, preferably such that they can be replaced without pulling the riser.
  • the annular pressure control system is preferably fastened in a lower part of the riser, but this is not a requirement.
  • a typical procedure for installation and operation is as follows:
  • step 11 If a device for continuous circulation is used in addition to the annular pressure control system of the invention, the pressure of the well will be in static condition also at connection of drill pipes. If however only the annular pressure control system of the invention is used, the pressure of the well bore will also be kept relatively constant. Wear on the sealing elements around the drill string can be indicated by an increase in the pump speed of the pump device mounted on or into the riser. Further sealing elements are preferably included in the annular pressure control system as a back ⁇ up. If all the sealings are worn out, the annular pressure control system can be de ⁇ activated and be retrieved by reversing the steps 9-2 in the above-mentioned procedure. Thereby the sealing elements can be replaced.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Earth Drilling (AREA)

Abstract

L’invention concerne un système régulateur de pression annulaire destiné à réguler la pression dans l’espace annulaire au cours du forage d’une ou de plusieurs formations renfermant des hydrocarbures, le forage s’effectuant à partir d’un module flottant à la surface de la mer, un train de tiges traversant un tube prolongateur reliant le module à un bloc d’obturation de puits ou une tête de puits sur le fond marin. Le système régulateur de pression annulaire est caractérisé en ce qu’il est disposé, en service, de façon étanche dans l’espace annulaire entre le tube prolongateur et le train de tiges et en ce qu’il comprend : des coins d’ancrage extérieurs destinés à se fixer de façon immobile mais détachable au tube prolongateur, un joint d’étanchéité extérieur vers le tube prolongateur, des coins tournants intérieurs destinés à se fixer sur le train de tiges, un joint d’étanchéité de coins vers le train de tiges, de façon à permettre la rotation, la remontée et la descente du train de tiges, une pompe dont l’admission est située dans l’espace annulaire sous les joints d’étanchéité et dont le refoulement est situé dans l’espace annulaire au-dessus des joints d’étanchéité, et un module d’alimentation pour actionner la pompe, doté d’un couplage d’alimentation et de commande à partir de la surface.
PCT/NO2005/000436 2004-11-22 2005-11-22 Systeme regulateur de pression annulaire WO2006054905A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NO20045077A NO321824B1 (no) 2004-11-22 2004-11-22 Pumpeinnretning
NO20045077 2004-11-22

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2006054905A1 true WO2006054905A1 (fr) 2006-05-26

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/NO2005/000436 WO2006054905A1 (fr) 2004-11-22 2005-11-22 Systeme regulateur de pression annulaire

Country Status (2)

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NO (1) NO321824B1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2006054905A1 (fr)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2013178295A1 (fr) * 2012-06-01 2013-12-05 Statoil Petroleum As Appareil et procédé permettant de réguler la pression dans un trou de forage
US20140193282A1 (en) * 2011-08-18 2014-07-10 Agr Subsea, A.S. Drilling Fluid Pump Module Coupled to Specially Configured Riser Segment and Method for Coupling the Pump Module to the Riser
US20180179827A1 (en) * 2015-06-27 2018-06-28 Enhanced Drilling, Inc. Riser system for coupling selectable modules to the riser

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4063602A (en) * 1975-08-13 1977-12-20 Exxon Production Research Company Drilling fluid diverter system
GB2273948A (en) * 1991-09-13 1994-07-06 Rig Technology Ltd Method and apparatus for smoothing mud return fluctuations caused by platform heave
WO2000039431A1 (fr) * 1998-12-29 2000-07-06 Elf Exploration Production Procede et dispositif pour regler a une valeur de consigne le niveau du fluide de forage dans le tube prolongateur
WO2003006778A1 (fr) * 2001-07-09 2003-01-23 Baker Hughes Inc Systeme de forage et procede pour reguler la densite de circulation equivalente pendant le forage de puits
US20030066650A1 (en) * 1998-07-15 2003-04-10 Baker Hughes Incorporated Drilling system and method for controlling equivalent circulating density during drilling of wellbores
WO2004085788A2 (fr) * 2003-03-13 2004-10-07 Ocean Riser Systems As Procede et systeme pour effectuer des operations de forage

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4063602A (en) * 1975-08-13 1977-12-20 Exxon Production Research Company Drilling fluid diverter system
GB2273948A (en) * 1991-09-13 1994-07-06 Rig Technology Ltd Method and apparatus for smoothing mud return fluctuations caused by platform heave
US20030066650A1 (en) * 1998-07-15 2003-04-10 Baker Hughes Incorporated Drilling system and method for controlling equivalent circulating density during drilling of wellbores
WO2000039431A1 (fr) * 1998-12-29 2000-07-06 Elf Exploration Production Procede et dispositif pour regler a une valeur de consigne le niveau du fluide de forage dans le tube prolongateur
WO2003006778A1 (fr) * 2001-07-09 2003-01-23 Baker Hughes Inc Systeme de forage et procede pour reguler la densite de circulation equivalente pendant le forage de puits
WO2004085788A2 (fr) * 2003-03-13 2004-10-07 Ocean Riser Systems As Procede et systeme pour effectuer des operations de forage

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20140193282A1 (en) * 2011-08-18 2014-07-10 Agr Subsea, A.S. Drilling Fluid Pump Module Coupled to Specially Configured Riser Segment and Method for Coupling the Pump Module to the Riser
US9428975B2 (en) * 2011-08-18 2016-08-30 Enhanced Drilling A.S. Drilling fluid pump module coupled to specially configured riser segment and method for coupling the pump module to the riser
WO2013178295A1 (fr) * 2012-06-01 2013-12-05 Statoil Petroleum As Appareil et procédé permettant de réguler la pression dans un trou de forage
AU2012381500B2 (en) * 2012-06-01 2017-04-27 Equinor Energy As Apparatus and method for controlling pressure in a borehole
US9963947B2 (en) 2012-06-01 2018-05-08 Statoil Petroleum As Apparatus and method for controlling pressure in a borehole
US20180179827A1 (en) * 2015-06-27 2018-06-28 Enhanced Drilling, Inc. Riser system for coupling selectable modules to the riser
US10480256B2 (en) * 2015-06-27 2019-11-19 Enhanced Drilling, Inc. Riser system for coupling selectable modules to the riser

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
NO20045077D0 (no) 2004-11-22
NO321824B1 (no) 2006-07-10

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