WO2006051749A1 - 芳香族炭化水素系プロトン交換膜およびこれを使用した直接メタノール型燃料電池 - Google Patents
芳香族炭化水素系プロトン交換膜およびこれを使用した直接メタノール型燃料電池 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2006051749A1 WO2006051749A1 PCT/JP2005/020354 JP2005020354W WO2006051749A1 WO 2006051749 A1 WO2006051749 A1 WO 2006051749A1 JP 2005020354 W JP2005020354 W JP 2005020354W WO 2006051749 A1 WO2006051749 A1 WO 2006051749A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- exchange membrane
- proton exchange
- aromatic hydrocarbon
- methanol
- polymer
- Prior art date
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- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 597
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 209
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 108
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 title claims abstract description 62
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 127
- 150000004945 aromatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 78
- 125000000542 sulfonic acid group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 54
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 229920000412 polyarylene Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 230000008961 swelling Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 238000005342 ion exchange Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 62
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 42
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000000468 ketone group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000001174 sulfone group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000001183 hydrocarbyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims 1
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 abstract description 47
- -1 ether ketones Chemical class 0.000 description 63
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 40
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 35
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 29
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 27
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 27
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 27
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 24
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 23
- SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylpyrrolidone Chemical compound CN1CCCC1=O SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 20
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 19
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 19
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 18
- HIXDQWDOVZUNNA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-5-hydroxy-7-methoxychromen-4-one Chemical compound C=1C(OC)=CC(O)=C(C(C=2)=O)C=1OC=2C1=CC=C(OC)C(OC)=C1 HIXDQWDOVZUNNA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 17
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfuric acid Substances OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 17
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 16
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 15
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 15
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 14
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Malonic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)=O OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 13
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 13
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 12
- QIGBRXMKCJKVMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydroquinone Chemical compound OC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 QIGBRXMKCJKVMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- 229910021642 ultra pure water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- 239000012498 ultrapure water Substances 0.000 description 11
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000010534 nucleophilic substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 10
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 9
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 9
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 description 9
- 229920002480 polybenzimidazole Polymers 0.000 description 9
- 229910000027 potassium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 235000011181 potassium carbonates Nutrition 0.000 description 9
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 9
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 9
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bisulfite Chemical compound OS([O-])=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 8
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000004693 Polybenzimidazole Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000004642 Polyimide Substances 0.000 description 8
- VCCBEIPGXKNHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N biphenyl-4,4'-diol Chemical compound C1=CC(O)=CC=C1C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 VCCBEIPGXKNHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 8
- 229920001721 polyimide Polymers 0.000 description 8
- ABLZXFCXXLZCGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorous acid Chemical group OP(O)=O ABLZXFCXXLZCGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 7
- VXNZUUAINFGPBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-Butene Chemical compound CCC=C VXNZUUAINFGPBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- TUAMRELNJMMDMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,5-di-methylphenol Natural products CC1=CC(C)=CC(O)=C1 TUAMRELNJMMDMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- VSSZKXRAUHZJFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,5-dimethylphenol Chemical compound CC1=CC(C)=CC(O)=C1.CC1=CC(C)=CC(O)=C1 VSSZKXRAUHZJFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000004734 Polyphenylene sulfide Substances 0.000 description 6
- ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propane Chemical compound CCC ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000004132 cross linking Methods 0.000 description 6
- 150000002170 ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 6
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- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 6
- TXEYQDLBPFQVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrafluoromethane Chemical compound FC(F)(F)F TXEYQDLBPFQVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- RWCCWEUUXYIKHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzophenone Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 RWCCWEUUXYIKHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000012965 benzophenone Substances 0.000 description 5
- 125000002091 cationic group Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- 239000002828 fuel tank Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229920001643 poly(ether ketone) Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 229920002492 poly(sulfone) Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 229920006393 polyether sulfone Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 239000011342 resin composition Substances 0.000 description 5
- 150000003457 sulfones Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 150000003568 thioethers Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 238000004448 titration Methods 0.000 description 5
- NPFYZDNDJHZQKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-Hydroxybenzophenone Chemical compound C1=CC(O)=CC=C1C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 NPFYZDNDJHZQKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine atom Chemical compound [F] YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229920000557 Nafion® Polymers 0.000 description 4
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1 ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000004695 Polyether sulfone Substances 0.000 description 4
- QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propene Chemical compound CC=C QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 4
- USIUVYZYUHIAEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenyl ether Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1OC1=CC=CC=C1 USIUVYZYUHIAEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229920002577 polybenzoxazole Polymers 0.000 description 4
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- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 4
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- NAWXUBYGYWOOIX-SFHVURJKSA-N (2s)-2-[[4-[2-(2,4-diaminoquinazolin-6-yl)ethyl]benzoyl]amino]-4-methylidenepentanedioic acid Chemical compound C1=CC2=NC(N)=NC(N)=C2C=C1CCC1=CC=C(C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(=C)C(O)=O)C(O)=O)C=C1 NAWXUBYGYWOOIX-SFHVURJKSA-N 0.000 description 3
- FBZUHOHZJHFVIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,5-dimethylphenol Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(C)C(O)=C1.CC1=CC=C(C)C(O)=C1 FBZUHOHZJHFVIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- RSWGJHLUYNHPMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Abietic-Saeure Natural products C12CCC(C(C)C)=CC2=CCC2C1(C)CCCC2(C)C(O)=O RSWGJHLUYNHPMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 3
- FXHOOIRPVKKKFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylacetamide Chemical compound CN(C)C(C)=O FXHOOIRPVKKKFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- KHPCPRHQVVSZAH-HUOMCSJISA-N Rosin Natural products O(C/C=C/c1ccccc1)[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 KHPCPRHQVVSZAH-HUOMCSJISA-N 0.000 description 3
- KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ruthenium Chemical compound [Ru] KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
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- SBXKRBZKPQBLOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N aminohydroquinone Chemical compound NC1=CC(O)=CC=C1O SBXKRBZKPQBLOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 3
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- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 3
- URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium aluminosilicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- KHPCPRHQVVSZAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-cinnamyl beta-D-glucopyranoside Natural products OC1C(O)C(O)C(CO)OC1OCC=CC1=CC=CC=C1 KHPCPRHQVVSZAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- JXMQYKBAZRDVTC-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexa-2,4-diyne-1,6-diol Chemical compound OCC#CC#CCO JXMQYKBAZRDVTC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- PCILLCXFKWDRMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N naphthalene-1,4-diol Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(O)=CC=C(O)C2=C1 PCILLCXFKWDRMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FZZQNEVOYIYFPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N naphthalene-1,6-diol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC2=CC(O)=CC=C21 FZZQNEVOYIYFPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZUVBIBLYOCVYJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N naphthalene-1,7-diol Chemical compound C1=CC=C(O)C2=CC(O)=CC=C21 ZUVBIBLYOCVYJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MNZMMCVIXORAQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N naphthalene-2,6-diol Chemical compound C1=C(O)C=CC2=CC(O)=CC=C21 MNZMMCVIXORAQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920003986 novolac Polymers 0.000 description 1
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- 239000005020 polyethylene terephthalate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000379 polymerizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004926 polymethyl methacrylate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000008442 polyphenolic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000013824 polyphenols Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920000137 polyphosphoric acid Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005749 polyurethane resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002717 polyvinylpyridine Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229960003975 potassium Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011736 potassium bicarbonate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000015497 potassium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910000028 potassium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- TYJJADVDDVDEDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium hydrogencarbonate Chemical compound [K+].OC([O-])=O TYJJADVDDVDEDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229940086066 potassium hydrogencarbonate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000011118 potassium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010970 precious metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
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- MWWATHDPGQKSAR-UHFFFAOYSA-N propyne Chemical compound CC#C MWWATHDPGQKSAR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfolane Chemical compound O=S1(=O)CCCC1 HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001273 sulfonato group Chemical group [O-]S(*)(=O)=O 0.000 description 1
- HIFJUMGIHIZEPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfuric acid;sulfur trioxide Chemical compound O=S(=O)=O.OS(O)(=O)=O HIFJUMGIHIZEPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 125000006158 tetracarboxylic acid group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000000000 tetracarboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- AGGKEGLBGGJEBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetramethylenedisulfotetramine Chemical compound C1N(S2(=O)=O)CN3S(=O)(=O)N1CN2C3 AGGKEGLBGGJEBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002411 thermogravimetry Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 125000004149 thio group Chemical group *S* 0.000 description 1
- 125000003944 tolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- FQDIANVAWVHZIR-OWOJBTEDSA-N trans-1,4-Dichlorobutene Chemical compound ClC\C=C\CCl FQDIANVAWVHZIR-OWOJBTEDSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QVLMUEOXQBUPAH-VOTSOKGWSA-N trans-stilben-4-ol Chemical compound C1=CC(O)=CC=C1\C=C\C1=CC=CC=C1 QVLMUEOXQBUPAH-VOTSOKGWSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004034 viscosity adjusting agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052724 xenon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FHNFHKCVQCLJFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N xenon atom Chemical compound [Xe] FHNFHKCVQCLJFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/1016—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes characterised by the electrolyte material
- H01M8/1018—Polymeric electrolyte materials
- H01M8/102—Polymeric electrolyte materials characterised by the chemical structure of the main chain of the ion-conducting polymer
- H01M8/1025—Polymeric electrolyte materials characterised by the chemical structure of the main chain of the ion-conducting polymer having only carbon and oxygen, e.g. polyethers, sulfonated polyetheretherketones [S-PEEK], sulfonated polysaccharides, sulfonated celluloses or sulfonated polyesters
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J5/00—Manufacture of articles or shaped materials containing macromolecular substances
- C08J5/20—Manufacture of shaped structures of ion-exchange resins
- C08J5/22—Films, membranes or diaphragms
- C08J5/2206—Films, membranes or diaphragms based on organic and/or inorganic macromolecular compounds
- C08J5/2218—Synthetic macromolecular compounds
- C08J5/2256—Synthetic macromolecular compounds based on macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions other than those involving carbon-to-carbon bonds, e.g. obtained by polycondensation
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/02—Details
- H01M8/0289—Means for holding the electrolyte
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/1009—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes with one of the reactants being liquid, solid or liquid-charged
- H01M8/1011—Direct alcohol fuel cells [DAFC], e.g. direct methanol fuel cells [DMFC]
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/1016—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes characterised by the electrolyte material
- H01M8/1018—Polymeric electrolyte materials
- H01M8/102—Polymeric electrolyte materials characterised by the chemical structure of the main chain of the ion-conducting polymer
- H01M8/1032—Polymeric electrolyte materials characterised by the chemical structure of the main chain of the ion-conducting polymer having sulfur, e.g. sulfonated-polyethersulfones [S-PES]
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2371/00—Characterised by the use of polyethers obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain; Derivatives of such polymers
- C08J2371/08—Polyethers derived from hydroxy compounds or from their metallic derivatives
- C08J2371/10—Polyethers derived from hydroxy compounds or from their metallic derivatives from phenols
- C08J2371/12—Polyphenylene oxides
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
- H01M2300/0017—Non-aqueous electrolytes
- H01M2300/0065—Solid electrolytes
- H01M2300/0082—Organic polymers
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an aromatic hydrocarbon proton exchange membrane useful as a polymer electrolyte membrane for a direct methanol fuel cell using a high-concentration methanol aqueous solution as a fuel, and a direct methanol fuel cell using the same It is about.
- Direct methanol fuel cells are solid polymer fuel cells that generate electricity using methanol as fuel, and are expected to be used as power sources for notebook computers, PDAs, mobile phones, etc. .
- the structure of a direct methanol fuel cell is composed mainly of a structure called a membrane electrode assembly (MEA) in which a pair of electrodes are joined to both sides of a proton exchange membrane. A methanol aqueous solution is applied to one electrode.
- MEA membrane electrode assembly
- the battery can be operated by supplying an oxygen gas such as air to the other electrode.
- the higher the concentration of the aqueous methanol solution the higher the energy density. Therefore, it is possible to operate for a long time and downsize the fuel tank, which is suitable for practical use.
- Aromatic polyarylene ether compounds such as aromatic polyarylene ether ketones and aromatic polyarylene ether sulfones can also be regarded as promising structures, and sulfonated polyaryl ether sulfones (for example, journals).
- 'Ob' Membrane Science '(Journal of Membrane Science) (Netherlands) 1993, 83 ⁇ , P. 211 — 220 (Non-patent Document 1)
- polyether ether ketone sulfonated eg JP-A-6-93114 (Patent Document 1)
- sulfone-polystyrene and the like have been reported.
- Methods for directly obtaining a sulfonated polymer by polymerization using a sulfonated monomer include, for example, Patent Document 2, International Publication No. 2003Z095509 (Patent Document 4), International Publication No. 2004Z033534 (Patent Document 5). ), WO 2004/086 584 pamphlet (Patent Document 6).
- Proton exchange membranes made of these polymers generally have lower methanol permeability than perfluorocarbon sulfonic acid membranes. It is considered a promising material for direct methanol fuel cells.
- Aromatic hydrocarbon polymer membranes tend to exhibit better power generation characteristics than perfluorocarbon sulfonic acid membranes, but proton conductivity and methanol blocking properties are generally trade-off characteristics, and If priority is given to the conduction characteristics, the methanol permeability will be higher, so the power generation characteristics will tend to deteriorate. If priority is given to the methanol shut-off characteristics, the power generation characteristics will tend to deteriorate due to the increased membrane resistance.
- Patent Document 1 JP-A-6-93114
- Patent Document 2 US Patent Application Publication No. 2002Z0091225
- Patent Document 3 Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2004-244437
- Patent Document 4 International Publication No. 2003Z095509 Pamphlet
- Patent Document 5 Pamphlet of International Publication No. 2004Z033534
- Patent Document 6 International Publication No. 2004Z086584 Pamphlet
- Non-Patent Literature 1 Journal of Membrane Science, (Netherlands) 1993, 83 ⁇ , ⁇ . 211—220 Disclosure of the invention
- the present invention relates to an aromatic hydrocarbon proton exchange membrane that gives good cell performance when a high-concentration aqueous methanol solution having a concentration of 25% by mass or more is used as a fuel, and a direct methanol fuel cell using the same.
- the purpose is to provide.
- the present invention is an aromatic hydrocarbon proton exchange membrane that is used in a direct methanol fuel cell that uses an aqueous methanol solution having a concentration of 25% by mass or more as a fuel, and includes an aromatic hydrocarbon polymer.
- An aromatic hydrocarbon proton exchange membrane having an area swelling ratio of 2 to 30% with respect to a methanol aqueous solution at 40 ° C and 30% by mass.
- the present invention is an aromatic hydrocarbon proton exchange membrane including an aromatic hydrocarbon polymer, which is used in a direct methanol fuel cell using a methanol aqueous solution having a concentration of 25% by mass or more as a fuel, and has an ion exchange capacity.
- an aromatic hydrocarbon proton exchange membrane in the range of 0.6 to 1.3 meqZg.
- the present invention is an aromatic hydrocarbon proton exchange membrane containing an aromatic hydrocarbon polymer used in a direct methanol fuel cell using a methanol aqueous solution having a concentration of 25% by mass or more as a fuel.
- This is an aromatic hydrocarbon proton exchange membrane with an area expansion ratio of 2 to 30% and an ion exchange capacity of 0.6 to 1.3 meqZg in a 30% by mass methanol aqueous solution at 30 ° C. .
- the present invention is an aromatic hydrocarbon proton exchange membrane in which a sulfonic acid group is directly bonded on an aromatic ring.
- the aromatic hydrocarbon proton exchange membrane is an aromatic hydrocarbon polymer that is a polyarylene ether polymer.
- aromatic hydrocarbon polymer is represented by the following general formula (1) and Z or the general formula ( This is an aromatic hydrocarbon proton exchange membrane containing the constituent shown in 2).
- Y represents a sulfone group or a ketone group
- X represents H or a monovalent cationic species.
- Ar represents a divalent aromatic group which may contain a substituent.
- the present invention is an aromatic hydrocarbon proton exchange membrane in which the value of proton conductivity measured at 80 ° C in water shows a value three times or more the value measured at 25 ° C.
- the present invention is an aromatic hydrocarbon proton exchange membrane having an average film thickness in the range of 5 ⁇ m to 35 ⁇ m.
- the present invention is a direct methanol fuel cell using the above aromatic hydrocarbon proton exchange membrane.
- the direct methanol fuel cell has a cell temperature of 35 ° C or higher.
- the aromatic hydrocarbon proton exchange membrane of the present invention provides excellent power generation characteristics even when used in a direct methanol fuel cell using a high concentration of methanol as a fuel. Contributes to higher energy density and smaller size.
- the inventors of the present invention have conducted intensive studies on the selection and optimization of aromatic hydrocarbon proton exchange membranes used in direct methanol fuel cells that use a highly concentrated aqueous methanol solution as a fuel. It comes.
- Anionic functional groups such as sulfonic acid groups that contribute to the development of proton conductivity
- a proton exchange membrane formed by copolymerizing a component contained in a polymer skeleton and a hydrophobic component made of, for example, an aromatic skeleton that does not contribute to proton conductivity increasing the proportion of the proton conductive component increases proton conductivity.
- methanol crossover also increases.
- reducing the proportion of the proton-conductive component can suppress methanol crossover, but also lowers the proton conductivity. That is, since the channel through which protons can move and the channel through which methanol can move are basically hydrophilic sites, there is a positive correlation between them.
- the basic properties of the membrane such as proton conductivity and methanol permeability are as follows. Although it is different, what affects the power generation is the membrane conductivity added to the proton conductivity and methanol permeability, that is, the membrane resistance and the methanol permeation rate. For this reason, if the proton exchange membrane with a small proton conductivity and methanol permeability coefficient is made thinner, the membrane resistance decreases and the methanol permeation rate increases. It is also possible to make a membrane with characteristics close to those of both relatively high methanol permeation rates. In other words, it can be said that it is generally important to select a proton exchange membrane with an optimized methanol permeability coefficient, proton conductivity, and film thickness.
- the present invention includes an aromatic hydrocarbon polymer as a proton exchange membrane used in a direct methanol fuel cell using a high-concentration aqueous methanol solution as a fuel, and particularly has a small area swellability with respect to an aqueous methanol solution.
- Proton exchange membrane is selected and used.
- the proton exchange membrane in the present invention is characterized by containing an aromatic hydrocarbon-based polymer, and also has an area swell ratio (detailed evaluation) with respect to a methanol solution at 40 ° C and 30% by mass. It is important that the value method is selected in the range of 2-30%. Even in a direct methanol fuel cell using a proton exchange membrane with an area swell ratio of more than 30%, the initial performance is equivalent to that of the direct methanol fuel cell of the present invention, and in some cases, higher performance may be obtained. is there. If the area swelling ratio is greater than 30%, the force that causes the membrane to swell with the aqueous methanol solution works during power generation.
- aqueous methanol solution with a concentration of 25% by mass or more is used as the fuel, the electrode will become protonated. Peeling from the exchange membrane. This increases the internal resistance of the battery, and it has been found that it is ultimately unsuitable for use.
- a proton exchange membrane having an area swell ratio of less than 2% has a problem that sufficient performance cannot be exhibited because of poor adhesion between the proton exchange membrane and the electrode.
- the area swelling ratio is selected in the range of 5 to 20%, a particularly good direct methanol fuel cell is obtained.
- the area swelling rate of the naphthion (registered trademark) membrane which is a perfluorocarbon sulfonic acid membrane, is 50 to 60%, if the area swelling rate is large, the bondability between the proton exchange membrane and the electrode.
- the above-mentioned results that cause problems are particularly observed in naphthion (registered trademark) membranes.
- the area swelling rate is a problem for proton exchange membranes containing aromatic hydrocarbon polymers.
- the present invention also generally exhibits good proton conductivity with respect to a perfluorocarbon sulfonic acid-based membrane that has been mainly used as a proton exchange membrane for a fuel cell.
- the present invention provides a useful high molecular material from which a battery can be obtained. That is, by producing an aromatic hydrocarbon polymer force proton exchange membrane in a specific range characterized in that the ion exchange capacity is in the range of 0.6 to 1.3 meqZg, an aqueous methanol solution having a concentration of 25% by mass or more can be obtained. It has been found that the present invention has achieved particularly excellent power generation performance compared with a direct methanol fuel cell used as a fuel.
- the ion exchange capacity is less than 0.6 meq / g, the force that shows good performance in terms of suppressing methanol permeation Proton conductivity is too low, the membrane resistance value becomes large, and the power generation characteristics are sufficient. It tends not to be a thing. Also When the ion exchange capacity is greater than 1.3 meqZg, proton conductivity increases, so a membrane with a low membrane resistance can be produced, but at the same time, the methanol permeability increases and power generation characteristics deteriorate. In particular, when the methanol concentration of the methanol aqueous solution, which is the fuel, increases, this tendency becomes prominent, and sufficient fuel cell characteristics tend not to be obtained.
- the aromatic hydrocarbon proton exchange membrane of the present invention is characterized by not only having a high effect of suppressing methanol permeability but also maintaining a high level of effect of suppressing permeability even when the methanol concentration is increased.
- the methanol concentration at which this effect appears clearly is 25% by mass or more. If the methanol concentration is 30% by mass or more, it is more preferable, and if it is 35% by mass or more, it is more preferable. If it is 40% by mass or more, it is more preferable. Since the anode reaction in a fuel cell reacts equimolar amounts of methanol and water, it can be said that the methanol concentration is preferably about 65% by mass or less. However, the methanol concentration mentioned here is the concentration in the vicinity of the catalyst layer where the anodic reaction occurs. For example, if an aqueous methanol solution of 25% by mass or more is used in the fuel tank, the electrode reaction section In the case where the concentration is diluted with, it cannot be said to be within the scope of the present invention.
- the aromatic hydrocarbon polymer used in the proton exchange membrane of the present invention is one in which the main component of the constituent components excluding the binding site is composed of aromatic units. This is because, since aromatic mutes are the main component, mechanical properties, thermal properties, chemical stability, etc. are excellent. Therefore, the polymer structure is not particularly limited as long as it falls within this category.
- the polymer used for the proton exchange membrane is preferably an aromatic hydrocarbon proton-conducting polymer, for example, polysulfone, polyethersulfone, polyphenylene sulfide, polyphenylene sulfide, polyphenylene sulfide sulfone, polyparaffin- Len, polyarylene polymers, polyphenol quinoxaline, polyaryl Polymers containing at least one component such as ketones, polyether ketones, polybenzoxazoles, polybenzthiazoles, polybenzimidazoles, polyimides, sulfonate groups, phosphonate groups, carboxyl groups, and derivatives thereof A polymer in which at least one of these is introduced.
- aromatic hydrocarbon proton-conducting polymer for example, polysulfone, polyethersulfone, polyphenylene sulfide, polyphenylene sulfide, polyphenylene sulfide sulfone, polyparaffin- Len, polyarylene polymers
- Polysulfone, polyether sulfone, polyether ketone, etc., as used herein are generic terms for polymers having a sulfone bond, an ether bond, and a ketone bond in their molecular chains.
- Polyether ketone ketone, polyether ether, and the like Including ketones, polyetheretherketoneketone, polyetherketoneetherketoneketone, polyetherketonesulfone and the like, but not limited to specific polymer structures.
- sulfonic acid groups can be introduced into these polymers. Even if the sulfonic acid group is bonded directly on the aromatic ring, it can be bonded through some spacer such as a side chain. In order to take advantage of the stability of the sulfonic acid group and the characteristics of the aromatic polymer, it is preferable that the sulfonic acid group is bonded to the aromatic ring.
- a polymer having a sulfonic acid group on the aromatic ring can be obtained by reacting a polymer having a skeleton as in the above example with an appropriate sulfonating agent.
- sulfonating agents for example, those using concentrated sulfuric acid or fuming sulfuric acid which have been reported as examples of introducing sulfonic acid groups into aromatic ring-containing polymers (for example, Solid State Ionics, 106, P 219 (1998)), those using chlorosulfuric acid (for example, J. Polym. Sci., Polym. Chem., 22, P.
- the structure of the polymer in which the aromatic ring is sulfonated is not particularly limited.
- the polymer can also be synthesized using a monomer containing an ion-exchange functional group, particularly an acidic group, in at least one of the monomers used for polymerization.
- a monomer containing an ion-exchange functional group particularly an acidic group
- sulfonic acid as acidic group-containing polyimide is used by using diamine containing diamine as at least one aromatic diamine.
- a group-containing polyimide can be obtained.
- Examples of diamines containing sulfonic acid groups include 1,3 diaminobenzene-5-sulfonic acid, 1,4 diaminobenzene-1,2-sulfonic acid, 1,3 diaminobenzene-1,4-sulfonic acid, benzidine 3, 3 'Examples include disulfonic acid and the like.
- Tetracarboxylic acid anhydrides used in polyimide synthesis are 1, 4, 5, 8 naphthalene tetracarboxylic acid anhydrides and 6, 4, 9, 10 perylene tetracarboxylic acid anhydrides such as 6-membered cyclic acid anhydrides. Preferred to contain.
- polybenzoxazole synthesized from aromatic diamine diol and aromatic dicarboxylic acid polybenzthiazole, aromatic tetramine and aromatic synthesized from aromatic diaminedithiol and aromatic dicarboxylic acid
- acidic group-containing polybenzoxazole is obtained by using sulfonic acid group-containing dicarboxylic acid or phosphonic acid group-containing dicarboxylic acid as at least one kind of aromatic dicarboxylic acid.
- Polybenzthiazole polybenzimidazole.
- Examples of the sulfonic acid group-containing dicarboxylic acid used here include 2,5 dicarboxybenzene sulfonic acid, 3,5 dicarboxybenzene sulfonic acid, 2,5 dicarboxy 1,4 benzene disulfonic acid, 4,6 dicarboxy— 1, 3 Benzene disulfonic acid, 2, 2 'disulfo 4, 4'-biphenyl dicarboxylic acid, 3, 3' disulfo 4, 4'-biphenol -Aromatic dicarboxylic acids having a sulfonic acid group such as dicarboxylic acid and derivatives thereof.
- aromatic tetramines, aromatic diamine diols, aromatic diamine dithiols and derivatives thereof used here are not particularly limited, and examples thereof include 2,5 dihydroxyparaphene-diamine, 4, 6- dihydroxymetaphenylenediamine, 2,5 diamino-1,4 benzenedithionole, 4,6 diamino-1,3 benzenedithiol, 2,5 diamino-3,6 dimethyl-1,4 benzenedithionone, 1, 2, 4, 5-tetraaminobenzene, 3,3'-dihydroxybenzidine, 3,3'-diamino-4,4'-diphenylbenzenediol, 3,3'-dimercaptobenzidine, 3,3, -diamino-4,4'-diphenylbenzene Dithiol, 3, 3, -diaminobenzidine, bis (4-amino-3-hydroxyphenol) ether, bis (3-amino) -4 Hydroxyphenol) ether, bis (4-amin
- sulfonic acid group-containing aromatic dihalides or sulfonic acid group-containing aromatic diols as at least one of the monomers. Can be synthesized. At this time, it is preferable to use a sulfonic acid group-containing dihalide rather than a sulfonic acid group-containing diol because the degree of polymerization tends to be high and the thermal stability of the obtained acidic group-containing polymer is high. I can say that.
- sulfonic acid group-containing dihalides include:
- aromatic halides having no sulfonic acid group include 4,4'-dichlorodiphenyl sulfone, 4,4'-difluorodiphenyl sulfone, 4,4'-difluorobenzophenone, 4 , 4'-diclonal benzophenone, 2, 6-dichlorobenzo-tolyl, 2,6 difluobenzobenzolic tolyl and the like.
- aromatic diol used for polymerization together with these aromatic dinolides include, for example, 4,
- various aromatic diols that can be used for the polymerization of polyarylene ether compounds by aromatic nucleophilic substitution reaction should be used. You can also.
- the structures of the sulfonic acid group-containing polyethersulfone and polyetherketone synthesized from these are not particularly limited.For example, U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2002Z0091225, Macromol.Chem.Phys., Vol. 199, P. 1421 (1998), Polymer, Vol. 40, P. 795 (1999), etc. are exemplified.
- These polyarylene ether polymers are preferred to be polymers because they exhibit balanced performance such as processability, stability, proton conductivity, and methanol permeation suppression properties compared to other aromatic polymers. I can say that.
- the polymer for forming the proton exchange membrane in the present invention is a sulfonic acid group-containing polysulfone, polyethersulfone, polyphenylene oxide, polyphenylene sulfide, polyphenylene sulfide sulfone, polyether ketone polymer. More preferred are polyarylene ether compounds such as.
- the aromatic hydrocarbon-based polymer, particularly the polyarylene ether-based polymer, used for the proton exchange membrane of the present invention includes the components represented by the following general formulas (1) and Z or the general formula (2). And I like to be. It is even more preferable that the constituents of both the general formula (1) and the general formula (2) are included.
- Y represents a sulfone group or a ketone group
- X represents H or a monovalent cationic species.
- Ar represents a divalent aromatic group which may contain a substituent.
- the aromatic hydrocarbon polymer used in the proton exchange membrane of the present invention has a structure represented by the following general formula (3) and Z or general formula (4). Including ingredients, preferred to be. It is even more preferable to include the components of both general formula (3) and general formula (4).
- Y represents a sulfone group or a ketone group
- X represents H or a monovalent cationic species.
- Ar represents a divalent aromatic group which may contain a substituent.
- the component represented by the general formula (2) is preferably a component represented by the following general formula (5).
- Ar ′ in the formula represents a divalent aromatic group which may contain a substituent.
- the polyarylene ether compound containing a sulfonic acid group contains a component that crosslinks by heat and Z or light in its molecular chain, that is, as the main chain, side chain, or terminal group of the polymer. You may do it.
- thermally crosslinkable groups include reactive unsaturated bond-containing components such as ethylene groups, ethynyl groups, and ethynylene groups, but are not limited to these.
- Photocrosslinkable groups include benzophenone, a-diketone, acyloin, acylin ether, benzylalkyl ketal, acetophenone, polynuclear quinones, thixanthone, acylphosphine, ethylenically unsaturated Group.
- a combination of a group capable of generating a radical by light such as a benzophenone group and a group capable of reacting with the radical such as an aromatic group having a hydrocarbon group such as a methyl group or an ethyl group is preferable.
- a group capable of generating a radical by light such as a benzophenone group
- a group capable of reacting with the radical such as an aromatic group having a hydrocarbon group such as a methyl group or an ethyl group is preferable.
- photopolymerization initiators such as benzophenones, hydiketones, acyloins, acyloin ethers, benzylalkylketals, acetophenones, polynuclear quinones, thixanthones, and acylphosphine It is preferable to keep in mind.
- the structural units other than those represented by the general formulas (1) and (3) or the general formulas (2) and (4) are preferably 50% by mass or less.
- a polymer containing a constituent represented by the general formula (7) together with the following general formula (6) is particularly preferable.
- the area swelling rate is suppressed and the toughness is also high.
- X represents H or a monovalent cation species.
- the polyarylene ether-based polymer containing a sulfonic acid group can be polymerized by an aromatic nucleophilic substitution reaction containing compounds represented by the following general formulas (8) and (9) as monomers.
- Specific examples of the compound represented by the general formula (8) include 3,3′-disulfo 4,4, -dichlorodiphenyl sulfone, 3,3 ′ disulfo 4,4, -difluorophenyl sulfone, 3, 3, Disulfo-4,4, -dichlorodiphenyl ketone, 3,3,1-disulfo4,4'-difluorodiphenyl ketone, and those whose sulfonic acid group is converted to a salt with a monovalent cation species, etc.
- Examples of the compound represented by the general formula (9) include 2,6 dichlorobenzo-tolyl, 2,6 difluorobenzonitrile, 2,4 dichlorobenzobenzonitrile, 2,4 difluorobenzobenzonitrile, and the like. Can do.
- Y represents a sulfone group or a ketone group
- X represents a monovalent cation species
- ⁇ represents chlorine or fluorine.
- the above 2,6-dichlorobenz-tolyl and 2,4-dichlorobenzonitrile are in an isomer relationship, and any of them is used, and has good proton conductivity and heat resistance. Processability and dimensional stability can be achieved. The reason for this is that both monomers are excellent in reactivity, and that the structure of the entire molecule is made harder by forming small repeating units! /
- Ar 'in the constituents represented by the general formulas (1) and (3) and Ar "in the constituents represented by the general formulas (2) and (4) are:
- the aromatic nucleophilic substitution polymerization is a structure introduced from an aromatic diol component monomer used together with the compounds represented by the above general formulas (8) and (9).
- Examples of monomers include 4,4, -biphenol, bis (4-hydroxyphenol) snorephone, 1,1-bis (4-hydroxyphenol) ethane, 2,2-bis (4-hydroxyphenol) Propane, bis (4-hydroxyphenol) methane, 2,2-bis (4-hydroxyphenol) butane, 3,3-bis (4-hydroxyphenol) pentane, 2, 2- Bis (4-hydroxy-1,3,5-dimethylphenol) propane, Bis (4-hydroxy-1,3,5-dimethylphenol) methane, bis (4-hydroxy-1,2,5-dimethylphenol) methane, bis (4-hydroxyphenol) phenol, bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) ) Diphenylmethane, 9, 9-bis (4-hydroxyphenol) fluorene, 9, 9-bis (3-methyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) fluorene, 9, 9-bis (3-phenol-4) -Hydroxyphenol) fluorene, 2,2bis (4-hydroxyphenol) hexafluoropropane, hydroquinone, resorc
- these aromatic diols may have a substituent such as a methyl group, a halogen, a cyano group, a sulfonic acid group, and a salt compound thereof bonded thereto.
- the type of the substituent is not particularly limited, and is preferably 0 to 2 per aromatic ring.
- These aromatic diols can be used alone or in combination with a plurality of aromatic diols.
- a halogenated aromatic hydroxy compound may be added as a reactive monomer component for polymerization.
- the halogen-containing aromatic hydroxy compound used in this case is not particularly limited, but 4-hydroxy-4'-clobenzophenone, 4-hydroxy-1 4'-fluobenzophenone, 4-hydroxy-4- '—Chlorodiphenenolesnorephone, 4-Hydroxy-1,4Fnoroleodiphenolenoleshon, 4-—Chloro mouth 1,4- (p-Hydroxyphenol) Diphenylsulfone, 4-Fluoro-1,4- Examples include (p-hydroxyphenol) benzophenone and the like. These can be used alone or as a mixture of two or more.
- the polyarylene ether of the present invention is used. It can be obtained by adding a monofunctional end-capping agent that gives a crosslinkable group-containing terminal structure during polymerization of the thio group-based compound.
- monofunctional end-capping agents include 3-fluoropropene, 3-funoleol 1-propyne, 4 funoleolone 1-butene, 4 funoleo mouth 1-butyne, 3 funolerocyclohexene, 4 funoleolostyrene.
- monomers having a crosslinkable group include 1-butene 3,4 diol, 3,5 dihydroxystyrene, 3,5 dihydroxystilbene, 1-butyne 3,4-diol, 1-butene-3 , 4 Diol, 2, 4 Hexadiyne— 1,6 Diol, 2 Etulhydroquinone, 2— (Fe-Luture) Hydroquinone, 5 Ethyl Resorcin, 2 Butene 1,4-Diol, 4, 4′-Dihydroxystilbene 1,4-butynediol, 1,2 bis (4 hydroxyphenol) acetylene, 1,2 bis (3 hydroxyphenol) acetylene, 3,3-difluoropropene, 3,3-difluoropro Pin, 3, 3, 3 Trifluoropropyne, 3,4 difluoro-1-butene, 1,4-difluoro-2-butene, 3,4 difluoro-1-butyne, 1,4-diflu
- a crosslinking group By adding these crosslinking group monomers in the polymerization of the polyarylene ether compound of the present invention, a crosslinking group can be introduced into the molecular chain.
- an activated difluoroaromatic compound including the compounds represented by the above general formulas (8) and (9) and ⁇ or dichloro A polymer can be obtained by reacting an aromatic compound and an aromatic diol in the presence of a basic compound. Polymerization is 0
- a force that can be carried out in the temperature range of ⁇ 350 ° C is preferably 50 to 250 ° C, more preferably 50 to 230 ° C.
- the reaction is preferably carried out in a strong solvent that can be carried out without solvent.
- solvents that can be used include N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, N, N-dimethylacetamide, N, N-dimethylformamide, dimethyl sulfoxide, diphenylsulfone, and sulfolane. Anything can be used as long as it can be used as a stable solvent in the aromatic nucleophilic substitution reaction.
- These organic solvents may be used alone or as a mixture of two or more.
- Examples of basic compounds include sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, sodium hydrogen carbonate, potassium hydrogen carbonate, etc., but aromatic diols are converted to active phenoxide structures. As long as it is possible, it can be used without being limited to these. In aromatic nucleophilic substitution reactions, water may be produced as a by-product. In this case, it is also possible to remove water as an azeotrope from the system by coexisting toluene, which is not related to the polymerization solvent, in the reaction system. As a method for removing water out of the system, a water absorbing material such as molecular sieve can also be used.
- the aromatic nucleophilic substitution reaction is carried out in a solvent
- the amount is less than 5% by mass, the degree of polymerization tends to hardly increase.
- the amount is more than 50% by mass, the viscosity of the reaction system becomes too high and the post-treatment of the reaction product tends to be difficult.
- the polymerization it is preferable to add monomers at the beginning of the reaction to form a polymer having a highly random chain distribution.
- the desired polymer is obtained by removing the solvent from the reaction solution by evaporation and washing the residue as necessary. Further, the polymer can be precipitated as a solid by adding the reaction solution in a solvent having low polymer solubility, and the polymer can be obtained by filtering the precipitate. If necessary, a filtration treatment may be performed before the precipitate is formed.
- the polyarylene ether-based polymer containing a sulfonic acid group of the present invention preferably has a polymer log viscosity measured by a method described later of 0.1 or more.
- the logarithmic viscosity is more preferably 0.3 or more.
- the logarithmic viscosity exceeds 5, there is a tendency for problems in processability to occur, such as difficulty in dissolving the polymer.
- polar organic solvents such as N-methylpyrrolidone and N, N-dimethylacetamide can be generally used. If the solubility is low, concentrated sulfuric acid is used. It can also be measured.
- the aromatic hydrocarbon polymer-based compound of the present invention can be used as a simple substance, but can also be used as a resin composition in combination with other polymers.
- these polymers include polyesters such as polyethylene terephthalate, polybutylene terephthalate, and polyethylene naphthalate, polyamides such as nylon 6, nylon 6, 6, nylon 6, 10, and nylon 12, polymethyl methacrylate, and polymethacrylate.
- a resin composition with a basic polymer such as polybenzimidazole or polyvinyl pyridine can be said to be a preferred combination for improving the polymer dimensionality.
- an acidic group such as an acid group
- the processability of the composition becomes more preferable.
- the sulfonic acid group-containing polyarylene ether compound of the present invention may be contained in an amount of 50% by mass or more and less than 100% by mass of the entire resin composition. preferable. More preferably, it is 70 mass% or more and less than 100 mass%.
- the content of the sulfonic acid group-containing polyarylene ether compound of the present invention is less than 50% by mass of the entire rosin composition, the concentration of the sulfonic acid group in the ion conductive membrane containing the rosin composition is low. There is a tendency that good proton conductivity cannot be obtained, and it also contains sulfonic acid groups As a result, the mobility of ions that are conducted tends to be reduced.
- the compounds and compositions of the present invention can be used, for example, as necessary, for example, antioxidants, heat stabilizers, lubricants, tackifiers, plasticizers, crosslinking agents, viscosity modifiers, antistatic agents, antibacterial agents, antifoaming agents. Additives, dispersants, polymerization inhibitors, radical inhibitors, precious metals, inorganic compounds and inorganic / organic compounds for controlling the properties of proton exchange membranes, hybrid compounds
- An ionic liquid and the like.
- a plurality of things may be mixed as far as possible.
- an acidic group-containing polybenzimidazole containing a constituent represented by the following general formula (10) is preferred.
- m 1 represents an integer of 1 to 4
- R 1 represents a tetravalent aromatic binding unit capable of forming an imidazole ring
- R 2 represents a divalent aromatic unit.
- R 1 and any one of them may be a monocyclic aromatic ring, a conjugate of a plurality of aromatic rings or a condensed ring, and may have a stable substituent.
- Z 3 represents a sulfonic acid group and Z or a phosphonic acid group, and a part thereof may have a salt structure.
- the route for synthesizing the acidic group-containing polybenzimidazole compound containing the structure represented by the general formula (10) is not particularly limited, but usually an aromatic group capable of forming an imidazole ring in the compound. It can be synthesized by a reaction of one or more compounds selected from the group consisting of tetramines and derivatives thereof and one or more compounds selected from the group consisting of aromatic dicarboxylic acids and derivatives thereof.
- a sulfonic acid group or a phosphonic group is contained in the resulting polybenzimidazole.
- Acid groups can be introduced.
- a dicarboxylic acid containing a sulfonic acid group or a phosphonic acid group can be used in combination of one or more types. It is also possible to use carboxylic acid and phosphonic acid group-containing dicarboxylic acid simultaneously.
- a benzimidazole-based binding unit that is a constituent element of a polybenzimidazole-based compound, an aromatic dicarboxylic acid binding unit having a sulfonic acid group and Z or a phosphonic acid group, and a sulfonic acid group are also phosphonic groups. It is preferable that the aromatic dicarboxylic acid bond unit having no acid group and other bond units are bonded by random polymerization and Z or alternating polymerization. In addition, these polymerization modes are not limited to one type, and two or more polymerization modes may coexist in the same compound.
- the above-described polymer and its greaves and composites can be made into a proton exchange membrane by forming a film-like formed body by any method such as extrusion, rolling or casting. Among them, it is preferable to form a solution force dissolved in an appropriate solvent.
- solvents include aprotic polar solvents such as N, N-dimethylformamide, N, N-dimethylacetamide, dimethyl sulfoxide, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, and hexamethylphosphonamide, as well as methanol and ethanol. Alcohols such as, ethers, ketones, or mixed solvent power of these and water can be selected, but is not limited thereto.
- a plurality of these solvents may be used as a mixture within a possible range.
- the concentration of the compound in the solution is preferably in the range of 0.1 to 50% by mass. If the concentration of the compound in the solution is less than 0.1% by mass, it tends to be difficult to obtain a good molded product, and if it exceeds 50% by mass, the workability tends to deteriorate.
- a method of obtaining a molded body from a solution can be performed using a conventionally known method. For example, the film can be obtained by removing the solvent by heating, drying under reduced pressure, or immersing in a compound non-solvent that can be mixed with a solvent that dissolves the compound.
- the most preferable method for forming a proton exchange membrane is casting from a solution.
- the cast solution force can also be used to obtain a proton exchange membrane by removing the solvent as described above.
- the solvent is preferably removed by drying from the viewpoint of the uniformity of the proton exchange membrane.
- it in order to avoid decomposition or alteration of the compound or solvent, it can be dried at a temperature as low as possible under reduced pressure.
- the viscosity of the solution is high, when the substrate or the solution is heated and cast at a high temperature, the viscosity of the solution is lowered and can be easily cast.
- the solvent is an organic solvent
- the solvent is preferably distilled off by heating or drying under reduced pressure.
- the sulfonic acid group in the film thus obtained may contain a salt form with a cationic species, but if necessary, it can be converted to a free sulfonic acid group by acid treatment. it can.
- the thickness of the solution at the time of casting is not particularly limited, but it is preferably a force S of 10-2500, 10 to 1500 111, more preferably 50 to 500 / ⁇ ⁇ . More preferably, it is 50-1500 m. If the thickness of the solution is less than 10 m, the shape of the proton exchange membrane tends not to be maintained, and if it is greater than 2500 m, a non-uniform proton exchange membrane tends to be easily formed.
- a known method can be used. For example, it is possible to control the thickness with the amount and concentration of the solution by making the cast area constant by using a frame that prevents the solution from flowing out, such as a glass petri dish, etc. it can.
- the cast solution can be made more uniform by adjusting the solvent removal rate. For example, when removing the solvent by heating, there is a method of lowering the evaporation rate at a low temperature and then raising the temperature later in the first stage. When immersed in a non-solvent such as water, the solidification rate of the compound and the solvent removal rate can be adjusted by allowing the solution to stand in air or an inert gas for an appropriate time.
- the proton exchange membrane of the present invention can have any thickness depending on the purpose. From the viewpoint of proton conductivity, the proton exchange membrane is preferably as thin as possible. Specifically, the force is preferably 3 to 200 ⁇ m. S is preferably 5 to 150 ⁇ m, more preferably 5 to 50 ⁇ m, and more preferably 5 to 35 ⁇ m. If the thickness of the proton exchange membrane is less than 3 m, handling of the proton exchange membrane becomes difficult and a short circuit or the like tends to occur when a fuel cell is manufactured. If the thickness is greater than 200 m, the proton exchange membrane is too strong and handling is difficult. In addition to the tendency to become difficult, the electric resistance value of the proton exchange membrane tends to be too high and the power generation performance tends to decrease. In the present invention, it is also preferable to process into a hollow fiber shape described as a proton exchange membrane, and a known formulation can be used for processing.
- the ionic functional groups in the membrane may be in the form of a metal salt, but it can be converted to an acid type by appropriate acid treatment.
- the converted form is preferred.
- the proton conductivity of the proton exchange membrane 1. It is preferable that 0 X 10 "3 S / cm or more.
- Proton conductivity 1. is 0 X 10- 3 SZcm or more, the proton exchange There is a tendency that good output can be obtained for fuel cells using membranes. 1. In the output reduction tends to occur in the fuel cell when it is less than OX 10- 3 SZcm.
- a methanol permeation rate 0. 1 to 3. More preferably Ommol / m 2 / s preferably in a range of tools, 2. 5 mmol / m 2 Desirably less than / s.
- the proton exchange membrane of the present invention has an ion exchange capacity of 0.6 to 1.3 meqZg, and has a low ion exchange capacity and a value as a commonly used aromatic hydrocarbon polymer compound. There are features. For this reason, when a polymer having a lower ion exchange capacity is used, it is preferable to select a thinner film thickness within the range of film thickness.
- the sulfonic acid group in the membrane may contain a metal salt, but it can be converted to free sulfonic acid by an appropriate acid treatment. In this case, it is also effective to immerse the membrane in an aqueous solution of sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, etc. with or without heating.
- the proton exchange membrane of the present invention also has a feature that the performance is higher in proton conductivity, particularly under high temperature conditions.
- the proton conductivity measured at 80 ° C in water is more than 3 times the value of proton conductivity measured at 25 ° C in water, in direct methanol fuel cell operation especially at room temperature or higher, Excellent power generation characteristics. It is more preferable if the proton conductivity value measured at 80 ° C in water is more than double the value of proton conductivity measured at 25 ° C in water.
- MEA can be obtained by bonding electrodes to both surfaces of an aromatic hydrocarbon polymer proton exchange membrane.
- an electrode a form having two or more layers including a gas diffusion layer and a catalyst layer is generally used.
- the catalyst layer is formed on a proton exchange membrane, and the gas diffusion layer is disposed outside the catalyst layer. It is normal.
- the type of the catalyst, the type of the gas diffusion layer used for the electrode, the bonding method, and the like are not particularly limited, and known ones can be used, and a combination of known techniques can also be used.
- the catalyst used for the electrode can be appropriately selected from the viewpoint of acid resistance and catalytic activity, but platinum group metals and alloys and oxides thereof are particularly preferable.
- platinum or a platinum-based alloy for the power sword and platinum or a platinum-based alloy or an alloy of platinum and ruthenium for the anode is suitable for high-efficiency power generation. Even if there is a good distribution even if you use multiple types of catalysts good.
- the porosity in the electrode is not particularly limited. There are no particular restrictions on the type or amount of proton conductive resin mixed with the catalyst in the catalyst layer.
- a technique for controlling the gas diffusibility of the gas diffusion layer and the catalyst layer such as impregnation with a hydrophobic compound typified by a fluorine-based binder, can be suitably used.
- a catalyst-supporting carbon and proton exchange resin sometimes called decal method, and in some cases polytetrafluoro.
- a catalyst ink is prepared by mixing materials with water repellency such as polyethylene, and the catalyst ink is evenly applied on a film of Teflon (registered trademark) or polypropylene and dried.
- a method of thermally transferring the catalyst to a film and superimposing it on a gas diffusion layer prepared separately, or a method of depositing catalyst ink on the film by spraying or ink jetting and then superimposing it on the gas diffusion layer is preferably used.
- a fuel cell having good performance can be provided by incorporating MEA directly into a methanol fuel cell
- the direct methanol fuel cell of the present invention using an aqueous methanol solution having a concentration of 25% by mass or more as a fuel can be provided. It is important to use a proton exchange membrane with a specific selected range of area swelling.
- a proton exchange membrane made of an aromatic hydrocarbon polymer with a large area swelling rate is used, the MEA can be made well, so that the initial power generation The performance is excellent, but due to the stress to swell, peeling of the electrode occurs when used for a long time. Therefore, good characteristics cannot be maintained.
- the direct methanol fuel cell according to the present invention is particularly excellent in that the MEA in a good state can be maintained without observing electrode peeling.
- the concentration of aqueous methanol solution is desirably higher than 25% by mass. Even better, more than 30% by mass. If the concentration of the aqueous methanol solution exceeds 60% by mass, the acid-acid reaction of methanol will not occur smoothly, such being undesirable.
- the type of separator used in the fuel cell the flow rate of the oxidizing gas represented by air, the supply method, the structure of the flow path, the operation method, operating conditions, temperature distribution, and control of the fuel cell.
- the method is not particularly limited. However, depending on the supply method of the direct methanol fuel cell, the concentration of the methanol aqueous solution supplied to the fuel tank is higher than 25% by mass. However, the concentration of the methanol aqueous solution supplied to the MEA can be determined by providing a dilution mechanism in the device. Can be supplied in a much more diluted form than 25% by weight.
- the value of 25% by mass which is meant in the direct methanol fuel cell of the present invention, is the concentration of the methanol aqueous solution supplied to the MEA, it does not indicate the concentration of the methanol aqueous solution supplied to the fuel tank. None ,.
- the aromatic hydrocarbon polymer proton exchange membrane of the present invention a membrane having an average thickness of 50 m was prepared, and the methanol permeation rate measured at 25 ° C using a 5 M aqueous methanol solution was 5 mmol / m 2.
- ⁇ Proton conductive membranes with values of sec or less are preferred ⁇ . If methanol permeation rate is 2 mmolZm 2 'further preferably instrument LmmolZm 2 if sec or less' sec or less and more favorable or ⁇ . This is because when such methanol permeability is exhibited, particularly excellent power generation characteristics are exhibited.
- Methanol permeability characteristics may depend on the film thickness, so methanol permeability evaluation is the force that is used to prepare samples with an average thickness of 50 m.
- the film thickness is not limited, and preferably the range described above can be specified.
- Membranes with an average thickness of 50 m at the time of methanol permeability evaluation are essentially those that fall within an average thickness of 48 ⁇ m to an average thickness of 52 ⁇ m! /.
- the proton exchange membrane having the aromatic hydrocarbon polymer-based compound power of the present invention is also characterized by being hardly affected by temperature with respect to the permeability of methanol.
- proton exchange membranes based on aromatic hydrocarbon polymers tend to increase the methanol permeation rate and increase the methanol permeation rate as the temperature increases.
- the aromatic hydrocarbon polymer-based proton exchange membrane of the present invention does not increase the swelling property of methanol due to temperature increase as other polymers, so that even if the power generation temperature exceeds 35 ° C, good power generation is possible. Characteristics can be shown.
- the increase in proton conductivity when the temperature rises is large! This is also considered to be a factor that shows good power generation characteristics even when the temperature exceeds 35 ° C. If the power generation temperature is 45 ° C or higher, use another proton exchange membrane.
- the power generation temperature is preferably 100 ° C or less because it is a fuel-powered ethanol aqueous solution.
- the proton exchange membrane which is an aromatic hydrocarbon polymer compound of the present invention and its rosin composition, contains a component that crosslinks by heat and Z or light, heat treatment and Z or light irradiation treatment
- the heating temperature for thermal crosslinking varies depending on the structure of the crosslinkable polymer, the type of crosslinking group, the amount of introduced crosslinking groups, etc., but is usually 150 to 450 ° C, preferably 200 to 400 ° C.
- the heating time varies depending on the heating temperature and the structure of the crosslinkable polymer, and is usually 0.01 to 50 hours, preferably 0.02 to 24 hours.
- the pressure may be normal pressure, reduced pressure, or increased pressure.
- the gas atmosphere cannot be an air atmosphere, nitrogen atmosphere, or argon atmosphere.
- the sulfonic acid group is preferably heat-treated in a salt state.
- the light source used for photocrosslinking is not particularly limited, and a low-pressure mercury lamp, a high-pressure mercury lamp, a xenon lamp, a metal lamp, a lid lamp, and the like can be used.
- Power irradiation dose that differ by the polymer structure and its thickness typically, 100 ⁇ 50000mjZcm 2, preferably ⁇ is 300 ⁇ 30000mjZcm 2.
- a joined body of the proton exchange membrane or film and the electrode can be obtained.
- a known method can be used for the conventional force.
- an adhesive is applied to the electrode surface and the proton exchange membrane and the electrode are bonded, or the proton exchange membrane and the electrode are bonded.
- the method of applying and bonding the adhesive mainly composed of the aromatic hydrocarbon polymer series compound of the present invention and the resin composition thereof to the electrode surface is preferable. This is because the adhesion between the proton exchange membrane and the electrode is improved, and it is considered that the proton conductivity of the proton exchange membrane is less impaired.
- a fuel cell is manufactured. It can also be produced.
- the ion conductive membrane or film of the present invention has excellent heat resistance, processability, proton conductivity and dimensional stability, and therefore can withstand operation at high temperatures, is easy to produce, and has good output. Can be provided. It is also preferable to use it as a fuel cell using methanol as a direct fuel as described above.
- the thickness of the proton exchange membrane was determined by measurement using a micrometer (Mitutoyo standard micrometer 0-25 mm 0.01 mm). Measure the thickness at 20 locations on a 5 x 5 cm sample of a proton exchange membrane that has been allowed to stand for more than 24 hours in a measurement chamber controlled at 5 RH% at a room temperature of 20 ° C and a humidity of 30 people. The average value was taken as the film thickness.
- the amount of acid-type functional groups present in the ion exchange membrane was measured.
- a sample preparation a sample piece (5 X 5cm) was dried in an oven at 80 ° C for 2 hours under a nitrogen flow, and then allowed to cool for 30 minutes in a desiccator filled with silica gel, and then the dry mass (Ws) was measured.
- Ws dry mass
- 200 ml of a 1 mol Zl sodium chloride-ultrapure aqueous solution and the above-mentioned weighed sample were placed in a 200 ml sealed glass bottle, and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 24 hours while being sealed.
- 30 ml of the solution was taken out, neutralized and titrated with 10 mM aqueous sodium hydroxide solution (commercial standard solution), and IEC was determined from the titration (T) using the following formula.
- the area swelling rate was measured by first showing the preparation method in the section ⁇ Ion exchange capacity (acid type)>. The exact area (As) of the dry sample was measured. Next, the sample was immersed in a 200 ml 40 ° C. 30% by mass aqueous methanol solution in a sealed glass bottle without stirring for 2 hours. Thereafter, the temperature of the methanol aqueous solution was lowered to about room temperature by cooling the glass bottle with water. Next, the sample was taken out of the glass bottle, and the area (Aw) of the sample immediately swollen with the methanol aqueous solution was measured, and the area swelling rate was determined using the following formula.
- the proton conductivity ⁇ was measured as follows. A platinum wire (diameter: 0.2 mm) is pressed against the surface of a strip-shaped film sample with a width of 10 mm on a probe for self-made measurement (made of polytetrafluoroethylene), and the sample is placed in ultrapure water adjusted to 25 ° C. It was immersed together, and the AC impedance between the platinum wires was measured by SOLARTRON 1250FREQUENCY RESPONSE ANAL YSER.
- the distance between the electrodes was measured by changing the force between 10 mm and 40 mm at 10 mm intervals, and the contact resistance between the membrane and the platinum wire was canceled by the following formula from the linear gradient Dr [ ⁇ Zcm] plotting the distance between the electrodes and the measured resistance. Calculated.
- the methanol permeation rate and methanol permeation coefficient of the proton exchange membrane were measured by the following methods.
- Proton exchange membrane immersed for 24 hours in 5 mol liter methanol aqueous solution adjusted to 25 ° C Methanol aqueous solution is prepared using commercially available reagent grade grade methanol and ultrapure water (18 ⁇ ⁇ 'cm).)
- Methanol aqueous solution is prepared using commercially available reagent grade grade methanol and ultrapure water (18 ⁇ ⁇ 'cm).
- inject 100 ml of 5 mol Z liter methanol aqueous solution into one side of the cell and 100 ml of ultrapure water into the other cell, and stir the cells on both sides at 25 ° C while exchanging protons.
- the amount of methanol diffusing into the ultrapure water through the membrane was calculated using a gas chromatograph (the area of the proton exchange membrane is 2.0 cm 2 ).
- the methanol concentration change rate [Ct] (m molZLZs) of the charged cell was calculated using the following formula.
- Methanol permeability coefficient [mmolZmZs] methanol permeation rate [mmolZm 2 Zs] X film thickness [m]
- a gas diffusion layer with a catalyst layer for sword was produced (1. lmg-platinum / cm 2 ).
- the proton exchange membranes of the examples and comparative examples are sandwiched between the two types of gas diffusion layers with catalyst layers so that the catalyst layers are in contact with the membranes, and pressurized with a hot press machine at 180 ° C for 3 minutes.
- the MEA was made by heating.
- This MEA was incorporated into an evaluation fuel cell manufactured by Electrochem, and the cell temperature was 40 ° C, the anode was supplied with an aqueous methanol solution with a concentration of 30% by mass at 40 ° C, and dry air was supplied to the power sword.
- the voltage when the discharge test was conducted at a current density of 0.1 lAZcm 2 was examined. The measurements were evaluated with representative values taken 3 hours and 300 hours after the start of operation.
- 1,3: 3'-disrenore 4,4'-dichlorophenylsulfone disodium salt, 2,6-dichlorobase A mixture of Nzo-tolyl, 4,4'-biphenol and potassium carbonate was prepared, and 15 g of the mixture was weighed into a 100 ml four-necked flask together with 3.50 g of molecular sieves, and flushed with nitrogen. NMP was used as the solvent. After stirring at 155 ° C for 1 hour, the reaction temperature was increased to 190–200 ° C, and the reaction was continued until the viscosity of the system sufficiently increased (approximately 4 hours).
- Aromatic hydrocarbon-based proton exchange membrane and direct methanol fuel cell of Example 2 were fabricated according to the method of Example 1 except that the values were changed to 44: 5.15. Table 1 shows the physical properties and power generation characteristics of the proton exchange membrane.
- Example 3 3, 3'-disulfo-1,4'-dichlorodiphenylsulfone disodium salt, 2, 6-dichloro oral benzo-tolyl, 4,4'-biphenol, potassium carbonate in a molar ratio of 1.00: 2.
- the aromatic hydrocarbon type proton exchange membrane of Example 3 and the direct methanol fuel cell were produced according to the method of Example 1 except that 45: 3.4: 4.00.
- Table 1 shows the physical properties and power generation characteristics of the proton exchange membrane.
- Example 4 3, 3'-disulfo-1,4'-dichlorodiphenylsulfone disodium salt, 2, 6-dichloro oral benzo-tolyl, 4,4'-biphenol, potassium carbonate in a molar ratio of 1.00: 2.
- the aromatic hydrocarbon type proton exchange membrane of Example 4 and the direct methanol fuel cell were produced according to the method of Example 1 except that 13: 3. 13: 3.63.
- Table 1 shows the physical properties and power generation characteristics of the proton exchange membrane.
- a proton exchange membrane and a direct methanol fuel cell of Comparative Example 1 were produced according to the method of Example 1 except that 70: 2.70: 3.10. Shows physical properties and power generation characteristics of proton exchange membranes Shown in 1.
- a proton exchange membrane and a direct methanol fuel cell of Comparative Example 2 were prepared according to the method of Example 1 except that 26: 2. 26: 2.63. Table 1 shows the physical properties and power generation characteristics of the proton exchange membrane.
- a direct methanol fuel cell of Comparative Example 4 was fabricated by using a Nafion (registered trademark) 117 membrane as a proton exchange membrane.
- Table 1 shows the physical properties and power generation characteristics of the proton exchange membrane.
- Both the proton exchange membrane of the example and the proton exchange membrane of the comparative example have different proton conductivity. Therefore, the thickness is adjusted in the sense that the resistance as a film should be set to a certain value.
- the methanol permeation rate of the proton exchange membrane obtained as a result is about 2 to 2.5 mmol / mVs for the aromatic hydrocarbon proton exchange membrane of the example, and the aromatic hydrocarbon protons of Comparative Examples 1 and 2 About 1.5 to 2 mmol Zm 2 Zs for the exchange membrane, about 3.7 mmol Zm 2 / s for the membrane of Comparative Example 4 of the fluorine-based membrane, and the results of the membranes of Comparative Examples 1 and 2 are superior in the methanol permeation rate of the proton exchange membrane It became.
- the direct methanol fuel cells of Comparative Examples 1 and 2 were superior to the direct methanol fuel cells of the Examples in terms of power generation characteristics after 3 hours of operation.
- the direct methanol fuel cell of Comparative Example 4 using a fluorinated membrane was inferior in performance due to the remarkable methanol crossover of the proton exchange membrane. If the concentration of the aqueous methanol solution used as the fuel is low, good performance can be obtained even if there is a methanol crossover. However, if a high concentration aqueous methanol solution is used as the fuel, it is not suitable for use.
- a proton exchange membrane whose area swellability is suppressed to 30% or less is used. It is important to. Regarding the fluorine-based film of Comparative Example 4, the area swelling rate was as high as 55%, but the initial performance was maintained. Such a problem of area swelling is a problem peculiar to proton exchange membranes based on aromatic hydrocarbons. In addition, the proton exchange membrane of Comparative Example 3 has a very small proton conductivity, so the membrane thickness is very thin. For this reason, there was a problem in handling, and it was easy to bend.
- Solution viscosity The polymer powder is dissolved in N-methylpyrrolidone at a concentration of 0.5 g / dl, and the viscosity is measured using a Ubbelohde viscometer in a constant temperature bath at 30 ° C! ⁇ , logarithmic viscosity ln [taZtb] Zc) (ta is the number of seconds that the sample solution falls, tb is the number of seconds that the solvent is dropped, and c is the polymer concentration).
- TGA Measured using a Shimadzu thermogravimetry meter (TGA-50) in an argon atmosphere at a heating rate of 10 ° CZmin (while holding at 150 ° C for 30 minutes to remove water sufficiently) ).
- Proton conductivity measurement A platinum wire (diameter: 0.2 mm) was pressed against the surface of a strip-shaped membrane sample on a self-made measurement probe (manufactured by Teflon (registered trademark)), and a constant temperature of 80 ° ⁇ 95% 13 ⁇ 41. The sample was held in a wet oven (Nagano Scientific Machinery Co., Ltd., LH-20-01), and the impedance between the platinum wires was measured by SOLARTRON 1250FREQUENCY RESPONSE ANA LYSER.
- a membrane immersed in a 5M (mol / liter) or 10M methanol aqueous solution adjusted to 25 ° C for 24 hours is sandwiched in an H-type cell, 100 ml of 5M aqueous methanol solution is placed on one side of the cell, and 100 ml of ultrapure water is placed on the other cell. (18 ⁇ ⁇ • cm) was injected, and the amount of methanol diffusing into ultrapure water through the ion exchange membrane was measured using a gas chromatograph while stirring the cells on both sides at 25 ° C. (The area of the ion exchange membrane is 2. Ocm 2 ) o
- the membrane sample is sandwiched between the two types of carbon paper with the electrode catalyst layer so that the electrode catalyst layer is in contact with the membrane sample, and heated and pressurized at 130 ° C and 8 MPa for 3 minutes by the hot press method.
- a membrane-one electrode assembly was obtained.
- This joined body was assembled in an evaluation fuel cell FC25-02SP manufactured by Electrochem, and a power generation test was performed using a fuel cell power generation tester (manufactured by Toyo Corporation). For power generation, supply 5M or 8M aqueous methanol solution (1.5 ml / min) and high purity oxygen gas (80 ml / min) adjusted to 40 ° C to the anode and power sword, respectively, at a cell temperature of 40 ° C. I went there.
- Example 5 3, 3, —Disulfo-4,4, —Dichlorodiphenylsulfone disodium salt (abbreviation: S—D CDPS) 10. OOOOg (0. O20356mole), 2, 6-dichlorobenzo- ⁇ ryl (abbreviation: DCB N) 14. 0059 g (0. 081425 mole), 4, 4'-biphenol 18. 9527 g (0.1101781 mole), potassium carbonate 16. 1773 g (0.111705 mole) were weighed into a 200 ml four-necked flask and flushed with nitrogen. .
- a film having an average thickness of 30 ⁇ m was prepared in the same manner as above except that the cast thickness was changed, and the power generation was evaluated.
- the voltage at the current density of 0.05 AZcm 2 was 5 M methanol aqueous solution. In the case of 0.25V in the case of 8M methanol aqueous solution, 0.22V was shown.
- a polymer was synthesized, a film was prepared and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 5 except that the mixing ratio of S—DCDPS and DCBN was changed. The results are shown in Table 2.
- Naphion 117 membrane (registered trademark) (manufactured by DuPont) was evaluated in the same manner as in Example 5. went. The IEC determined by titration was 0.88 meqZg. When the power generation was evaluated, the voltage at a current density of 0.05 AZcm 2 was 0.19 V in the case of a 5 M aqueous methanol solution and 0.07 V in the case of an 8 M aqueous methanol solution.
- This polymer lg was dissolved in 5 ml of NMP and mixed with the polymer solution in Example 5 to obtain a uniform solution, and a blend film having an average thickness of 50 m was produced by the same film production method as in Example 5.
- the IEC determined by titration of this film was 0.998 meqZg.
- the 5M methanol permeation rate is 1. OmmolZm 2 'sec, and the 10M methanol permeation rate is 3.78mm.
- a film with an average thickness of 28 ⁇ m was prepared in the same manner as above except that the cast thickness was changed, and the power generation was evaluated.
- the voltage at the current density of 0.05 AZcm 2 was 5 M methanol aqueous solution. In the case of 0.23V in the case of 8M methanol aqueous solution, 0.22V was shown.
- the film was immersed in 100 ° C dilute sulfuric acid for 1 hour, and then further immersed in 100 ° C pure water for 1 hour.
- the obtained membrane had an average thickness of 50 m and an ion exchange capacity of 0.97 meqZg.
- the proton conductivity of this film was measured, it showed a value of 0.029 S / cm at 80 ° C. and 95% RH, and 0.018 SZ cm at 25 ° C. in water.
- the proton conductivity at 80 ° C in water was 0.061SZcm.
- the 5M methanol permeation rate was 0.79 mmol / m 2 -sec, and the 10M methanol permeation rate was 2.31 mmol Zm 2 'sec.
- a film having an average thickness of 25 ⁇ m was prepared in the same manner as above except that the cast thickness was changed, and the power generation evaluation was performed.
- the voltage at a current density of 0.05 AZcm 2 was 5 M methanol aqueous solution. In the case of 0.25V in the case of 8M methanol aqueous solution, 0.21V was shown.
- a polymer was synthesized and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 8, except that the molar ratio of 4-phenoxybiphenyl to diphenyl ether was 25:75.
- a polymer with a logarithmic viscosity of 2.33 measured in concentrated sulfuric acid was obtained, the average film thickness was 50 ⁇ m, the ion exchange capacity was 1.59 meqZg, and the proton conductivity was at 80 ° C 95% RH.
- the value was 0.07 SZcm in 0.14 S / cm and 25 ° C water.
- the proton conductivity at 80 ° C in water was 0.15 SZcm.
- a film having an average thickness of 35 ⁇ m was prepared by the same method as above except that the cast thickness was changed, and the power generation was evaluated.
- the voltage at the current density of 0.05 AZcm 2 was 5M methanol aqueous solution. In the case of 0.25V and 8M aqueous methanol solution, 0.1 IV was shown.
- the aromatic hydrocarbon polymer proton exchange membrane of the present invention can be used in fuel cells and water electrolyzers that use hydrogen or methanol as a raw material.
- Various battery electrolytes, display elements, sensors, binders It is expected to be used as a kind or additive.
- the aromatic Hydrocarbon polymer proton exchange membranes provide superior power generation characteristics to direct methanol fuel cells using high-concentration methanol, and realize high energy density and miniaturization.
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CN2005800385164A CN101057357B (zh) | 2004-11-10 | 2005-11-07 | 芳香族烃类质子交换膜及使用它的直接甲醇型燃料电池 |
EP05800360A EP1826846A4 (en) | 2004-11-10 | 2005-11-07 | AROMATIC HYDROCARBON PROTONIC EXCHANGE MEMBRANE AND DIRECT METHANOL FUEL CELL USING SAID MEMBRANE |
US11/745,072 US8216727B2 (en) | 2004-11-10 | 2007-05-07 | Aromatic hydrocarbon based proton exchange membrane and direct methanol fuel cell using same |
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JP2004326324A JP5176261B2 (ja) | 2004-11-10 | 2004-11-10 | ダイレクトメタノール型燃料電池 |
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US8216727B2 (en) | 2004-11-10 | 2012-07-10 | Toyo Boseki Kabushiki Kaisha | Aromatic hydrocarbon based proton exchange membrane and direct methanol fuel cell using same |
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US7669720B2 (en) | 2006-12-15 | 2010-03-02 | General Electric Company | Functional polyarylethers |
US7695628B2 (en) | 2006-12-15 | 2010-04-13 | General Electric Company | Polyarylether membranes |
US7977451B2 (en) | 2006-12-15 | 2011-07-12 | General Electric Company | Polyarylether membranes |
CN112940322A (zh) * | 2019-12-11 | 2021-06-11 | 南京理工大学 | 一种梳状型磺化聚芳醚质子交换膜及其制备方法 |
CN112940322B (zh) * | 2019-12-11 | 2022-06-10 | 南京理工大学 | 一种梳状型磺化聚芳醚质子交换膜及其制备方法 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US8216727B2 (en) | 2012-07-10 |
EP1826846A1 (en) | 2007-08-29 |
US20070207361A1 (en) | 2007-09-06 |
EP1826846A4 (en) | 2010-01-13 |
TW200635118A (en) | 2006-10-01 |
US20120052411A9 (en) | 2012-03-01 |
TWI342084B (en) | 2011-05-11 |
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