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WO2005117584A2 - Distribution transmucosale de peptides et de proteines amelioree - Google Patents

Distribution transmucosale de peptides et de proteines amelioree Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2005117584A2
WO2005117584A2 PCT/US2005/001440 US2005001440W WO2005117584A2 WO 2005117584 A2 WO2005117584 A2 WO 2005117584A2 US 2005001440 W US2005001440 W US 2005001440W WO 2005117584 A2 WO2005117584 A2 WO 2005117584A2
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
exendin
gly
glu
ser
leu
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US2005/001440
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English (en)
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WO2005117584A3 (fr
Inventor
John Ong
Robert Jennings
Christopher Rhodes
Gregg Stetsko
Original Assignee
Amylin Pharmaceuticals, Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from PCT/US2004/017456 external-priority patent/WO2005000222A2/fr
Application filed by Amylin Pharmaceuticals, Inc filed Critical Amylin Pharmaceuticals, Inc
Priority to US11/628,123 priority Critical patent/US20090069226A1/en
Publication of WO2005117584A2 publication Critical patent/WO2005117584A2/fr
Publication of WO2005117584A3 publication Critical patent/WO2005117584A3/fr
Priority to US14/570,295 priority patent/US20150157725A1/en

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K38/00—Medicinal preparations containing peptides
    • A61K38/16—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof
    • A61K38/17—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans
    • A61K38/22—Hormones
    • A61K38/26—Glucagons

Definitions

  • the present invention relates generally to the field of drug delivery. More particularly, the present invention relates to novel methods and compositions for the enhanced transmucosal delivery of bioactive peptides and proteins.
  • Peptides and proteins are generally not well absorbed through mucosae because of their molecular size and hydrophilicity.
  • enzyme inhibitors and absorption enhancers need to be coadmimstered for successful transmucousal delivery of bioactive peptides and proteins.
  • Classes of abso ⁇ tion enhancers used for transmucosal delivery include bile salts and their derivatives, taurodihydrofusidates, mono- and polycarboxylic acids, cyclodextrins, surfactants (especially non-ionic), chelating agents, cationic polymers, lipids and phospholipids (see Davis and Ilium, Clin Pharmacokinet., 42:1107-1128, 2003 for a review).
  • a combination of bile salt and dimethyl- ⁇ -cyclodextrin has been used to enhance the nasal abso ⁇ tion of parathyroid hormones (U.S. Patent No. 5,977,070). Lysophospholipids, acylcarnitines and polyoxyethylene(20) sorbitan monooleate (Tween ® 80) have also been used as enhancers for the delivery of insulin and calcitonin across mucous membranes (U.S. Patent Nos. 5,804,212 and 6,440,392).
  • the cationic polysaccharide chitosan used as powder, nanoparticle, or in solution, has been demonstrated to enhance mucosal abso ⁇ tion of insulin, other peptides and proteins, and vaccines (U.S. Patent No. 6,391,318; Dyer et al., Pharm. Res., 19:998- 1008, 2002; Ilium et al., Pharm. Res., 11:1186-1189, 1994; Fernandez-Urrusuno et al., Pharm. Res., 16:1576-1581, 1999).
  • bioadhesive agents such as carbomers and polycarbophil
  • bioadhesive agents have been used to increase the residence time and therefore the bioavailability of insulin from a powder dosage form
  • the cationic polyamino acid, polylysine was mentioned in an aerosol formulation for pulmonary and nasal delivery, but no rationale for its function was given (U.S. Patent No. 6,294,153).
  • Another cationic polyamino acid, poly-L-arginine was reported to enhance the abso ⁇ tion of fluorescein isothiocyanate labeled dextran (Nasume et al., Intl. J.
  • a pharmaceutical composition for the transmucosal administration of a bioactive peptide or protein of interest comprising the°bioactive peptide or protein of interest, an abso ⁇ tion enhancing amount of a cationic polyamino acid, and a compatible buffer that does not cause precipitation of the cationic polyamino acid and has a mono-anionic or neutral net charge at the pH of the composition.
  • the composition is further characterized in that the transmucosal abso ⁇ tion of the bioactive protein or peptide of interest is increased relative to the abso ⁇ tion of the protein or peptide in the absence or substantial absence of the cationic polyamino acid.
  • the abso ⁇ tion of the bioactive protein or peptide is increased at least 2-fold, while in other embodiments it is increased at least 5-fold or at least 10-fold.
  • the pH of the composition ranges from about pH 3.0 to about pH 8.0, in another embodiment from about pH 3.0 to about pH 6.0, while in another embodiment the pH is between about pH 4.0 and about pH 5.0. In still a further embodiment, the pH of the composition is about pH 4.5.
  • the compatible buffer comprises glutamic acid, while in other embodiments the compatible buffer comprises acetic acid, aspartic acid, or ⁇ -aminocaproic acid.
  • the cationic polyamino acid comprises poly-arginine, while in other embodiments the cationic polyamino acid is poly-histidine, poly-lysine or any combination of polyarginine, poly-histidine and poly-lysine.
  • the cationic polyamino acid or acids has an average molecular weight of between about 10 kDa and about 300 kDa.
  • the polycationic polyamino acid or acids has an average molecular weight between about 10 kDa and about 200 kDa.
  • the cationic polyamino acid has an average molecular weight of between about 100 kDa and 200 kDa.
  • the cationic polyamino acid has an average molecular weight between about 140 kDa and about 150 kDa, while in yet another embodiment, the cationic polyamino acid has an average molecular weight of about 141 kDa.
  • the composition further comprises a tonicifying agent, a viscosity-increasing agent, a bioadhesive agent, a preservative or any combination of a tonicifying agent, a viscosity-increasing agent, a bioadhesive agent, and a preservative.
  • the tonicifying agent used is selected from sodium chloride, mannitol, sucrose, glucose and any combination of sodium chloride, mannitol, sucrose and glucose, wherein the composition can be hypo-tonic, iso-tonic or hyper-tonic.
  • the agent in another embodiment in which a viscosity-increasing agent is used, can be selected from hydroxypropyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, methylcellulose with an average molecular weight between about 10 and about 1500 kDa, starch, gums and any combination of the listed viscosity increasing agents.
  • the bioadhesive agent in another embodiment, in which a bioadhesive agent is used, can be selected from carbomer, polycarbophil and any combination of carbomer and polycarbophil.
  • the preservative can be selected from benzalkonium chloride, phenylethyl alcohol, methylparaben, ethylparaben, propylparaben, butylparaben, chlorobutanol, benzoic acid, sorbic acid, phenol, m-cresol, alcohol, and any combination of the preservatives listed herein.
  • the cationic polyamino acid is combined with additional abso ⁇ tion enhancers or abso ⁇ tion enhancing agents to further increase the abso ⁇ tion of a bioactive peptide or protein as compared to the abso ⁇ tion enhancement by either the cationic polyamino acid or the other enhancer alone.
  • abso ⁇ tion enhancers include, but not limited to, cationic polysaccharide chitosan, phospholipids such as didecanoyl phosphatidylcholine, a cyclodextrin such as methyl- ⁇ -cyclodextrin, hydroxypropyl- ⁇ -cyclodextrin, ⁇ - cyclodextrin, and ⁇ -cyclodextrin, a chelating agent such as disodium ethylenediaminetetraacetate, a nonionic glycosidic surfactant such as tetradecyl maltoside, sucrose ester surfactants such as alkyl sucrose, a camitine such as dodecanoyl camitine and palmitoyl camitine, and any mixture or combination thereof.
  • cationic polysaccharide chitosan phospholipids such as didecanoyl phosphatidylcholine
  • a cyclodextrin such as
  • the bioactive protein or peptide is an exendin, an exendin analog or an exendin derivative described herein or known in the art including polymer-modified compounds thereof.
  • the bioactive peptide or protein is exendin-3, exendin-4 or one of the analogs or derivatives described by any of Formulas I, II or III or listed in Table 1.
  • the exendin analogs or derivatives include but are not limited to exendin-4 acid, exendin-4 (1-30), exendin-4 (1-30) amide, exendin-4 (1-28) amide, 14 Leu, 25 Phe exendin-4 amide, and 14 Leu, 25 Phe exendin-4 (1-28) amide.
  • the bioactive protein or peptide is GLP-1 or any of the GLP-1 analogs and derivatives listed herein or known in the art including polymer- modified compounds thereof.
  • the bioactive protein or peptide is a PYY peptide or an analog or a derivative of a PYY peptide listed herein or known in the art including polymer-modified compounds thereof.
  • the bioactive protein or peptide is amylin or an analog or a derivative of amylin listed herein or known in the art including polymer-modified compounds thereof.
  • One embodiment provides a pharmaceutical composition for transmucosal administration of a bioactive peptide or protein of interest comprising about 0.01 % to about 5.0% (w/v) of the bioactive peptide or protein of interest, such as an exendin, a GLP-1 , an amylin, or a PYY peptide as well and analogs of, derivatives of, and polymer-modified exendin, a GLP-1, amylin, and PYY; about 0.01% to about 10.0% (w/v) of a cationic polyamino acid having a molecular weight between about 10 kDa and about 300 kDa; such as poly-arginine, poly-histidine and poly-lysine; and about 0.01% to about 10.0% (w/v) of a compatible buffer, that at the pH of the composition does not cause precipitation of the cationic polyamino acid, and has a mono-anionic or neutral net charge.
  • the composition has a pH of between about pH 3.0 and 8.0, while in another embodiment, the composition has a pH of between about pH 4.0 and about pH 5.0. Additionally, the transmucosal abso ⁇ tion of the bioactive peptide or protein is increased relative the abso ⁇ tion of said bioactive peptide or protein in the absence of said cationic polyamino acid.
  • a pharmaceutical composition for transmucosal administration comprising about 0.5% (w/v) of exendin-4; about 0.5% (w/v) of poly-L-arginine hydrochloride having an average molecular weight of about 141 kDa; about 0.72% (w/v) sodium chloride; and about 0.56% monosodium glutamate, monohydrate (w/v) at a pH of about 4.5.
  • this composition further comprises at least one additional abso ⁇ tion enhancing agent.
  • a pharmaceutical composition for transmucosal administration comprising about 0.5% (w/v) of exendin-4; about 1.0% (w/v) of poly-L-arginine hydrochloride having an average molecular weight of about 141 kDa; about 0.72% (w/v) sodium chloride; and about 0.56% monosodium glutamate, monohydrate (w/v) at a pH of about 4.5.
  • this composition further comprises at least one additional abso ⁇ tion enhancing agent.
  • the bioactive peptide or protein is an exendin, an exendin analog, or an exendin derivative described herein or known in the art including polymer-modified compounds thereof.
  • the bioactive peptide or protein is GLP-1, a GLP-1 analog or a GLP-1 derivative described herein or known in the art including polymer-modified compounds thereof.
  • the bioactive peptide or protein is a PYY peptide, a PYY peptide analog, or a PYY peptide derivative described herein or known in the art including polymer-modified compounds thereof.
  • the bioactive peptide or protein is amylin, an amylin analog, or an amylin derivative described herein or known in the art including polymer-modified compounds thereof.
  • methods for increasing the bioavailability of a bioactive protein or peptide of interest comprising administering to a subject any of the pharmaceutical compositions described herein for a time sufficient to allow transmucosal abso ⁇ tion of the protein or peptide such that the bioavailability of the bioactive peptide or protein of interest is greater than when the peptide or protein is administered alone, that is in the absence or substantial absence of the cationic polyamino acid.
  • the method is used to increase the bioavailability of an exendin, an exendin analog, or an exendin derivative described herein or known in the art including polymer-modified compounds thereof.
  • the method is used to increase the bioavailability of GLP-1, a GLP-1 analog, or a GLP-1 derivative described herein or known in the art, including polymer modified compounds thereof.
  • the method is used to increase the bioavailability of a PYY peptide, a PYY analog, or a PYY derivative described herein or known in the art including polymer-modified compounds thereof.
  • the method is used to increase the bioavailability of amylin, an amylin analog, or an amylin derivative described herein or known in the art including polymer-modified compounds thereof.
  • Figure 2 depicts the area under the plasma curves (AUC) (0-8 hours) of exendin-4 nasal formulations relative to a formulation including 5 mg/mL poly-L- arginine (NF-1).
  • NF-1, NF-2 and NF-3 are the compositions described in Examples 1, 2 and 3, respectively.
  • NF-4 is a control formulation lacking poly-L-arginine.
  • DETAILED DESCRIPTION the present invention teaches the design of novel pharmaceutical compositions for the transmucosal delivery of bioactive peptides and proteins.
  • the novel compositions of the invention may be used to effectively deliver bioactive peptides and proteins systemically to the blood subsequent to transmucosal administration.
  • peptides and proteins comprise hydrophobic, hydrophilic, and charged regions which are all capable of interaction with other molecules.
  • cationic compounds such as cationic polyamino acids, would interact with the negative charges of the peptides or proteins.
  • cationic polyamino acids Based on precipitation encountered when cationic polyamino acids are formulated with multi- anionic buffers, such interactions may be expected to result in precipitation or inactivity of the cationic polyamino acid as a permeation enhancer.
  • cationic polyamino acids particularly when formulated with buffers that avoid interaction and/or precipitation of the polyamino acids with bioactive peptides or proteins, actually act as a transmucosal abso ⁇ tion enhancer. Increases in abso ⁇ tion can be at least 1.5-fold, at least 2-fold, at least 5-fold or at least 10 fold greater than that obtained in the absence or substantial absence of the cationic polyamino acid.
  • the pharmaceutical compositions can be delivered to the mucous membrane abso ⁇ tion site by any means known in the art, for example, dropping or spraying from a bottle into the eye, nasal, buccal, or sublingual cavity; by aerosolizing from an inhaler into the pulmonary region; as well as by applying a tablet, capsule, permeable/soluble matrix, or other known dosage forms to the buccal, sublingual, rectal, or vaginal areas.
  • the pharmaceutical compositions described herein that provide enhanced transmucosal abso ⁇ tion generally comprise a bioactive peptide or protein in combination with an abso ⁇ tion enhancing mixture comprising a cationic polyamino acid and a buffer that is compatible with the cationic polyamino acid.
  • the pharmaceutical compositions of the invention may also include one or more excipients such as agent(s) to render the solution compatible with body tissue; viscosity-increasing agent(s), bioadhesive agents, preservative(s), and the like.
  • excipients such as agent(s) to render the solution compatible with body tissue; viscosity-increasing agent(s), bioadhesive agents, preservative(s), and the like.
  • the bioactive peptides or proteins of the invention include peptides or proteins that are inherently compatible or formulated to be compatible with the cationic polyamino acids of the invention, i.e., those bioactive peptides and proteins which do not interact with or cause precipitation of the cationic polyamino acid when in solution.
  • the peptide or protein has the same net charge as the polyamino acid at the pH of the composition.
  • bioactive peptides or proteins used in the composition can be any bioactive protein or peptide known in the art.
  • the bioactive peptides and proteins comprise exendins, exendin analogs and exendin derivatives.
  • exendins examples include exendin-3, exendin-4, exendin-4 acid, exendin- 4 (1-30), exendin-4 (1-30) amide, exendin-4 (1-28), exendin-4 (1-28) amide, 14 Leu, 25 Phe exendin-4 amide, and 14 Leu, 25 Phe exendin-4 (1-28) amide as well as other bioactive exendins known in the art such as those described in International Patent Application Publication Nos. WO 99/07404, WO 99/25727, WO 99/25728, and WO 01/04156; US Patent Application Publication Nos. US 2003-0087820, US 2002-
  • Exendins that can be used in the compositions disclosed herein include those described by Formula I (SEQ ID No. 3) which is as follows:
  • Xaa 2 is Ser, Gly, Ala or Thr;
  • Xaa 3 is Asp or Glu;
  • Xaa$ is Phe, Tyr or naphthylalanine;
  • Xaa is Thr or Ser;
  • Xaa 8 is Ser or Thr;
  • Xaa 9 is Asp or Glu;
  • Xaaio is Leu, He, Val, pentylglycine or Met;
  • Xaa ⁇ is Leu, He, pentylglycine, Val or Met;
  • Xaa 22 is Phe, Tyr or naphthylalanine;
  • Xaa 23 is He, Val, Leu, pentylglycine, tert- butylglycine or Met;
  • Xaa 24 is Glu or Asp;
  • Xaa 25 is T ⁇ , Phe, Tyr, or naphthylalanine;
  • exendins examples include those described by Formula II (SEQ ID No. 4) which is as follows:
  • Xaa 2 is Ser, Gly, Ala or Thr;
  • Xaa 3 is Ala, Asp or Glu;
  • Xaa 5 is Ala or Thr;
  • Xaae is Ala, Phe, Tyr or naphthylalanine;
  • Xaa 7 is Thr or Ser;
  • Xaa 8 is Ala, Ser or Thr;
  • Xaa 9 is Asp or Glu
  • Xaa 5 is Ala or Thr ;
  • Xaa ⁇ is Ala, Phe, Tyr or naphthylalanine ;
  • Xaa 7 is Thr or Ser ;
  • Xaa 8 is Ala, Ser or Thr ;
  • Xaa 9 is Ala, Norval, Val, Norleu, Asp or Glu ;
  • X aio is Ala, Leu, He, Val, pentylglycine or Met ;
  • Xaa ! ! is Ala or Ser ;
  • Xaa ⁇ is Ala or Lys ;
  • Xaa 13 is Ala or Gin
  • Xaa 14 is Ala, Leu, He, pentylglycine, Val or Met ;
  • Xaa 15 is Ala or Glu
  • Xaat 6 is Ala or Glu
  • Xaa 17 is Ala or Glu
  • Xaa ⁇ is Ala or Val
  • Xaa 2 o is Ala or Arg
  • Xaa 21 is Ala or Leu
  • Xaa 22 is Phe, Tyr or naphthylalanine ;
  • Xaa 23 is He, Val, Leu, pentylglycine, tert-butylglycine or Met;
  • Xaa 24 is Ala, Glu or Asp
  • Xaa 25 is Ala, T ⁇ , Phe, Tyr or naphthylalanine
  • Xaa 26 is Ala or Leu
  • Xaa 27 is Ala or Lys ;
  • Xaa 28 is Ala or Asn
  • Z ⁇ is -OH, -NH 2 Gly, Gly Gly, Gly Gly Xaa 3 ⁇ , Gly Gly Xaa 3 ⁇ Ser, Gly Gly Xaa 3] Ser Ser, Gly Gly Xaa 3) Ser Ser Ser Gly, Gly Gly Xaa 3] Ser Ser Gly Ala, Gly Gly Xaa 3 ⁇ Ser Ser Gly Ala Xaa 36 , Gly Gly Xaa 3) Ser Ser Gly Ala Xaa 36 Xaa 3 , Gly Gly Xaa 3] Ser Ser Gly Ala Xaa 36 Xaa 3 Xaa 38 , or Gly Gly Xaa 31 Ser Ser Gly Ala Xaa 36 Xaa 37 Xaa 38 Xaa 39 ; where: Xaa 3 ⁇ , Xaa 36 , Xaa 3 and Xaa 38 are independently Pro, homoproline, 3Hyp
  • SEQ ID Table 1 continued NO.
  • SEQ ID Table 1 continued NO.
  • SEQ ID Table 1 continued NO.
  • SEQ ID Table 1 continued NO.
  • SEQ ID Table 1 continued I NO.
  • the bioactive peptide or protein of the compositions described herein comprise PYY peptides, PYY peptide analogs and PYY derivatives, such as PYY 3-36 .
  • Additional PYY peptides that can be used in the compositions disclosed herein include any bioactive PYY peptide, PYY analog or PYY derivative known in the art such as those as described in International Patent Application Publication Nos. WO 02/47712 and WO 03/26591; and US Patent Application Publication No. 2002-141985, all of which are herein incorporated by reference in their entireties and in particular the PYY-related sequences disclosed therein.
  • PYY Peptide YY polypeptide obtained or derived from any species.
  • PYY includes the 36 amino acid full length human as well as species variations of PYY, including, but not limited to, murine, hamster, chicken, bovine, rat and dog PYY.
  • PYY peptides, PYY analogs and PYY derivatives that can be used in the compositions disclosed herein, include, but are not limited to those described in Table 2.
  • other Y receptor family peptide agonists particularly Y2, Y5, and putative Y7 receptor agonists and derivatives thereof.
  • the bioactive peptide is PYY 3-36 .
  • PYY peptides are known to have activity in food intake, gastric emptying, pancreatic secretion and weight loss.
  • the bioactive peptide or protein of the compositions disclosed herein comprise GLP-1, GLP-1 analogs and GLP-1 derivatives such as GLP-1 (7-37), GLP-1(7-36)NH 2 , Gly 8 GLP- 1(7-37), Ser 34 GLP- 1(7-37) Val 8 GLP- 1(7-37) and Val 8 Glu 22 GLP-l(7-37).
  • GLP-1, GLP- 1 analog or GLP-1 derivative known in the art can be used in the present compositions, including, but not limited to those described in International Patent Application Publications Nos. WO 01/98331, WO 02/48192; US Patent Application Nos. 2003-220243 and 2004-053819; and US Patent Nos.
  • GLP-1 peptides that are suitable for use in the compositions disclosed herein are those described in US Patent Application 2003-220243 by the following formulas:
  • Xaa 8 is Gly, Ala, Val, Leu, He, Ser, or Thr;
  • Xaa ⁇ is Asp, Glu, Arg, Thr, Ala, Lys, or His;
  • Xaa 12 is His, Trp, Phe, or Tyr;
  • Xaa 16 is Leu, Ser, Thr, Trp, His, Phe, Asp, Val, Glu, or Ala;
  • Xaa 22 is Gly, Asp, Glu, Gin, Asn, Lys, Arg, Cys, or Cysteic Acid;
  • Xaa 23 is His, Asp, Lys, Glu, or Gin;
  • Xaa 24 is Glu, His, Ala, or Lys
  • Xaa 26 is Asp, Lys, Glu, or His
  • Xaa 27 is Ala, Glu, His, Phe, Tyr, Trp, Arg, or Lys;
  • Xaa 3 ⁇ is Ala, Glu, Asp, Ser, or His;
  • Xaa 33 is Asp, Arg, Val, Lys, Ala, Gly, or Glu;
  • Xaa 34 is Glu, Lys, or Asp
  • Xaa 35 is Thr, Ser, Lys, Arg, Trp, Tyr, Phe, Asp, Gly, Pro, His, or Glu;
  • Xaa 36 is Arg, Glu, or His
  • R is: Lys, Arg, Thr, Ser, Glu, Asp, Trp, Tyr, Phe, His, -NH 2 , Gly, Gly-Pro, or Gly-
  • Xaa 8 is Gly, Ala, Val, Leu, He, Ser, or Thr;
  • Xaa ⁇ 2 is His, Trp, Phe, or Tyr;
  • Xaa ⁇ 6 is Leu, Ser, Thr, Trp, His, Phe, Asp, Val, Glu, or Ala;
  • Xaa 22 is Gly, Asp, Glu, Gin, Asn, Lys, Arg, Cys, or Cysteic Acid (3-Sulfoalanine);
  • Xaa 23 is His, Asp, Lys, Glu, or Gin
  • Xaa 26 is: Asp, Lys, Glu, or His
  • Xaa 30 is Ala, Glu, Asp, Ser, or His;
  • Xaa 35 is Thr, Ser, Lys, Arg, Trp, Tyr, Phe, Asp, Gly, Pro, His, or Glu;
  • R is: Lys, Arg, Thr, Ser, Glu, Asp, Trp, Tyr, Phe, His, ⁇ NH 2 , Gly, Gly-Pro, or Gly-
  • Xaa 8 is Gly, Ala, Val, Leu, He, Ser, or Thr;
  • Xaa 22 is Gly, Asp, Glu, Gin, Asn, Lys, Arg, Cys, or Cysteic Acid (3-Sulfoalanine);
  • Xaa 23 is His, Asp, Lys, Glu, or Gin;
  • Xaa 27 is Ala, Glu, His, Phe, Tyr, Trp, Arg, or Lys
  • Xaa 0 is Ala, Glu, Asp, Ser, or His; and R is: Lys, Arg, Thr, Ser, Glu, Asp, Trp, Tyr, Phe, His, -NH 2 , Gly, Gly-Pro, or Gly-
  • Xaa 7 -Xaa 8 -Glu-Gly-Thr-Phe-Thr-Ser-Asp-Val-Ser-Ser-Tyr-Leu-Glu-Xaa 22 -Gln-Ala- Ala-Lys-Glu-Phe-Ile-Ala-Trp-Leu-Val-Lys-Gly-Arg-R where:
  • Xaa 7 is L-histidine, D-histidine, desamino-histidine, 2amino-histidine, ⁇ -hydroxy- histidine, homohistidine, ⁇ -fluoromethyl-histidine or ⁇ -methyl-histidine;
  • Xaa 8 is glycine, alanine, valine, leucine, isoleucine, serine or threonine;
  • Xaa 22 is aspartic acid, glutamic acid, glutamine, asparagine, lysine, arginine, cysteine, or cysteic acid;
  • R is -NH 2 or Gly(OH).
  • GLP 1 peptides that can be use in the present compositions can be found in Table 3
  • the bioactive peptide or pritein of the compositions disclosed herein comprise amylin, amylin analogs and amylin derivatives.
  • amylin, amylin analogs or amylin deriviatives known in the art can be used in the present compositions, including, but not limited to those disclosed in US Patent Nos. 6,610,824, 5,686,411, 5,580,953, 5,367,052 and 5,124,314, all of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entireties and in particular the amylin-related sequences described therein.
  • Examples of amylin peptides that may be used are described by the following formula: Formula VIII (SEQ TD NO.
  • X and Y are independently selected amino acid residues having side chains which are chemically bonded to each other to form an intramolecular linkage; and Z is amino, alkylamino, dialkylamino, cycloalkylamino, arylamino, aralkylamino, alkyloxy, aryloxy or aralkyloxy.
  • Particular, but non-limiting examples of amylin analogs and derivatives that can be used are presented in Table 4.
  • compositions and methods disclosed herein are analogs and derivatives of bioactive peptides or proteins that have undergone one or more amino acid substitutions, additions or deletions.
  • the analog or derivative has undergone not more than 10 amino acid substitutions, deletions and/or additions.
  • the analog or derivative has undergone not more than 5 amino acid substitutions, deletions and/or additions. Substitutions of amino acids within a peptide or protein while retaining at least one of the biological activities associated with the parent peptide or protein is known within the art of protein chemistry.
  • each amino acid has been assigned a hydropathic index as follows: isoleucine (+4.5); valine (+4.2); leucine (+3.8); phenylalanine (+2.8); cysteine/cystine (+2.5); methionine (+1.9); alanine (+1.8); glycine (-0.4); threonine (-0.7); serine (-0.8); tryptophan (-0.9); tyrosine (-1.3); proline (-1.6); histidine (-3.2); glutamate/glutamine/aspartate/asparagine (-3.5); lysine (-3.9); and arginine (-4.5).
  • amino acids in a peptide or protein can be substituted for other amino acids having a similar hydropathic index or score and produce a resultant peptide or protein having similar biological activity, i.e., which still retains biological functionality.
  • amino acids having hydropathic indices within +2 are substituted for one another. More preferred substitutions are those wherein the amino acids have hydropathic indices within +1. Most preferred substitutions are those wherein the amino acids have hydropathic indices within +0.5.
  • Like amino acids can also be substituted on the basis of hydrophilicity.
  • 4,554,101 discloses that the greatest local average hydrophilicity of a protein, as governed by the hydrophilicity of its adjacent amino acids, correlates with a biological property of the protein.
  • the following hydrophilicity values have been assigned to amino acids: arginine/lysine (+3.0); aspartate/glutamate (+3.0 +1); serine (+0.3); asparagine/glutamine (+0.2); glycine (0); threonine (-0.4); proline (-0.5 +1); alanine/histidine (-0.5); cysteine (-1.0); methionine (-1.3); valine (-1.5); leucine/isoleucine (-1.8); tyrosine (-2.3); phenylalanine (-2.5); and tryptophan (-3.4).
  • amino acids having hydrophilicity values within +2 are preferably substituted for one another, those within +1 are more preferred, and those within +0.5 are most preferred.
  • amino acid substitutions in the bioactive peptides and proteins for use in the compositions and methods disclosed herein can be based on the relative similarity of the amino acid side-chain substituents, for example, their hydrophobicity, hydrophilicity, charge, size, etc.
  • amino acids can be divided into the following four groups: (1) acidic amino acids; (2) basic amino acids; (3) neutral polar amino acids; and (4) neutral non-polar amino acids.
  • amino acids within these various groups include, but are not limited to: (1) acidic (negatively charged) amino acids such as aspartic acid and glutamic acid; (2) basic (positively charged) amino acids such as arginine, histidine, and lysine; (3) neutral polar amino acids such as glycine, serine, threonine, cysteine, cystine, tyrosine, asparagine, and glutamine; and (4) neutral non-polar amino acids such as alanine, leucine, isoleucine, valine, proline, phenylalanine, tryptophan, and methionine. It should be noted that changes which are not expected to be advantageous can also be useful if these result in the production of functional sequences.
  • conjugates of the above referenced proteins, peptides and peptide analogs e.g., chemically modified with or linked to at least one molecular weight enhancing compound known in the art such as polyethylene glycol, and chemically modified equivalents of such proteins, peptides, analogs, or conjugates.
  • the polyethylene glycol polymers may have molecular weights between about 500 Da and 20,000 Da.
  • Preferred conjugates include those described in International Patent Publication No. WO 00/66629, which is herein incorporated by reference in its entirety.
  • the bioactive peptides and proteins of the invention have a molecular weight up to about 100,000 Da, in another embodiment up to about 25,000 Da, while in still another embodiment up to about 5,000 Da.
  • the terms "protein” or “peptide” include any molecule that comprises five or more amino acids. It is well known in the art that proteins may undergo modification, including post-translational modifications, such as, but not limited to, disulfide bond formation, glycosylation, phosphorylation, or oligomerization.
  • protein or peptide includes any protein or peptide that is modified by any biological or non-biological process.
  • amino acid is used in its broadest sense, and includes naturally occurring amino acids as well as non-naturally occurring amino acids, including amino acid analogs and derivatives. The latter includes molecules containing an amino acid moiety.
  • amino acid includes, for example, naturally occurring proteogenic L-amino acids; D-amino acids; chemically modified amino acids such as amino acid analogs and derivatives; naturally occurring non-proteogenic amino acids such as norleucine, ⁇ -alanine, ornithine, norvaline, homocysteine, homoserine etc.; and chemically synthesized compounds having properties known in the art to be characteristic of amino acids.
  • proteogenic indicates that the amino acid can be inco ⁇ orated into a peptide, polypeptide, or protein in a cell through a metabolic pathway.
  • polyamino acid refers to any homopolymer or mixture of homopolymers of a particular amino acid.
  • the amino acids in a polyamino acid can be any amino acid including L-amino acids, D-amino acids or a combination of D- and L amino acids.
  • derivative means a protein or peptide that is obtained by modification of a parent protein or peptide, for example, by amiho acid substitution, addition or deletion.
  • derivatives have at least 15% sequence identity to the parent molecule. In other embodiments, derivatives have at least 50%, at least 70%, at least 80%, at least 90% or at least 95% sequence identity with the parental protein or peptide.
  • analog refers to bioactive peptides or proteins that are structurally related to a parent peptide or protein by amino acid sequence but which differ from the parent in a characteristic of interest such as bioactivity, solubility, resistance to proteolysis, etc. In certain embodiments, analogs have activities between about 1% to about 10,000%, about 10% to about 1000%, and about 50% to about 500% of the bioactivity of the parental protein or peptide.
  • bioactive means the ability to affect any physical or biochemical properties of a biological organism, including but not limited to viruses, bacteria, fungi, plants, animals, and humans.
  • bioactive includes diagnosis, cure, mitigation, treatment, or prevention of disease in humans or other animals, or to otherwise enhance physical or mental well-being of humans or animals.
  • subject or “patient” refers to any animal including domestic animals such as domestic livestock and companion animals. The terms are also meant to include human beings.
  • the cationic polyamino acids of the invention include polymers of basic amino acids, such as histidine, arginine, and lysine, that are protonated in a neutral or acidic pH environment and are thus cationic.
  • the molecular weight of such polymers are generally between about 10 and about 300 kDa.
  • the polymers have an average molecular weight of between about lOOkDa and about 200kDa.
  • the polymers have an average molecular weight between about 140kDa and about 150kDa, while in yet another embodiment the polymers have an average molecular weight of between about 140 kDa and about 200 kDa.
  • the cationic polyamino acid of the composition is poly-L-arginine hydrochloride with an average molecular weight of about 141 kDa.
  • Buffers useful in connection with the compositions and methods disclosed herein can be any buffer that displays adequate buffering capacity (buffer value) at the pH ranges which render the bioactive peptides and proteins of the invention chemically stable for the duration of use, and which are physically compatible with the cationic polyamino acids of the invention at the concentrations and pHs of use, i.e., they do not cause precipitation of the cationic polyamino acid.
  • buffering capacity (buffer value) of a buffer at a particular concentration and pH are well known in the art and can be determined by the skilled artisan without undue experimentation. It has been found that traditional buffer components with multi-anionic charges such as citric acid generally are not physically compatible with the cationic polyamino acids of the invention, resulting in precipitation of the polyamino acid. However, buffer components containing neutral and mono-anionic net charges are compatible with, and can be used in combination with the cationic polyamino acids of the invention. Examples of suitable buffers include, but are not limited to, acetic acid, ⁇ -aminocaproic acid, and glutamic acid.
  • compositions of the invention may further comprise any number of known pharmaceutically acceptable excipients such as, but not limited to, tonicifying agents, viscosity-increasing agents, bioadhesive agents, preservatives, diluents, carriers, and the like.
  • tonicifying agents include, but are not limited to, sodium chloride, mannitol, sucrose, and glucose.
  • any tonicifying agent known in the art to prevent mucosal irritation can be used.
  • Other compounds that can be included in the compositions include lactose, sorbitol, trehalose, sucrose, mannose, maltose, and derivatives and homologs thereof.
  • Exemplary viscosity-increasing and bioadhesive agents that may be used in the compositions disclosed herein, include, but are not limited to, cellulose derivatives (e.g., hydroxypropyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose or methylcellulose of average molecular weight between 10 and 1,500 kDa), starch, gums, carbomers, and polycarbophil.
  • cellulose derivatives e.g., hydroxypropyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose or methylcellulose of average molecular weight between 10 and 1,500 kDa
  • starch e.g., hydroxypropyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose or methylcellulose of average molecular weight between 10 and 1,500 kDa
  • gums e.g., hydroxypropyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose or methylcellulose of average molecular weight between 10 and 1,500 kDa
  • polycarbophil e.g., hydroxyprop
  • surface active agents or surfactants examples include, but are not limited to, polysorbate 20 (Tween 20), polsorbate 80 (Tween 80), polyethylene glycol (PEG), cetyl alcohol, polyvinylpyrolidone (PVP), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), lanolin alchold. Sorbitan monooleate, and didecanoyl phosphatidylcholine (DDPC). Additional agents that can be used in combination with cationic polyamino acids to enhance permeability are the cyclodextrins.
  • any cyclodextrin can be used including alpha-, beta- and gamma- cyclodextrins and any derivative thereof such as methyl-beta-cyclodextran.
  • Exampes of other compounds that can be used include hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextran, sulfobutyether-beta-cyclodextran and chitosan.
  • the compostion also includes a chelating agent. Any suitable chelating agent known in the art can be used. Specific examples of chelating agents include ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) and ethylene glycol tetraacetic acid (EGTA).
  • EDTA ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid
  • EGTA ethylene glycol tetraacetic acid
  • preservative(s) With the availability of preservative-free spray systems to the pharmaceutical industry, the inco ⁇ oration of preservative(s) becomes optional in the composition of this invention. Should a preservative system be required or desired, preservative(s) may be added such as benzalkonium chloride, phenylethyl alcohol, methylparaben, ethylparaben, propylparaben, butylparaben, chlorobutanol, benzoic acid, sorbic acid, phenol, m-cresol and alcohol.
  • the compositions of the present invention can further comprise aqueous carriers, non-aqueous carriers or suspension media.
  • the pharmaceutical compositions of the invention may be formulated as an aqueous solution in purified water, or may be dispersed in non-aqueous media to thereby be compatible with aerosolization or delivery by instillation in non-aqueous suspension media.
  • non-aqueous suspension media can include hydro fluoroalkanes, fluorocarbons, perfluorocarbons, fluorocarbon/hydrocarbon diblocks, hydrocarbons, alcohols, ethers, and combinations thereof.
  • any non- aqueous suspension media known in the art may be used in conjunction with the compositions and method disclosed herein.
  • compositions of the invention may be formulated in a variety of dosage forms suitable for transmucosal delivery, as known in the art.
  • the compositions may be formulated as an aqueous solution or suspension, a non-aqueous solution or suspension, a tablet, or a dry powder.
  • the composition is provided in freeze-dried or lyophilized form and reconstituted prior to use.
  • the compositions of the invention will generally comprise a therapeutically or prophylactically effective amount of a bioactive peptide or protein and an abso ⁇ tion enhancing amount of a mixture comprising a cationic polyamino acid and a buffer that is compatible with the cationic polyamino acid.
  • One embodiment provides a pharmaceutical composition for nasal delivery in the form of an aqueous solution with enhanced transmucosal abso ⁇ tion, wherein the pharmaceutical composition includes a bioactive peptide or protein; an abso ⁇ tion enhancing cationic polyamino acid; a buffer that is compatible with said cationic polyamino acid; and a bioadhesive agent.
  • Another embodiment of the invention provides a pharmaceutical composition for sublingual delivery in the form of a tablet.
  • the weight ratio of bioactive peptide or protein to cationic polyamino acid in the final formulation ranges from 1:100 to 100:1, in another embodiment from 1 :25 to 25 : 1 , in yet another embodiment from 1 : 10 to 10: 1 , and in still yet another embodiment from 1:2 to 2:1.
  • the weight ratio of cationic polyamino acid to buffer can vary widely and may be determined by routine experimentation. The only limitation is that adequate buffer is included such that the cationic polyamino acid does not precipitate in the formulated dosage form or upon administration to the desired mucous membrane.
  • the useful weight ratios of cationic polyamino acid to buffer range from 1:100 to 100:1, while in another embodiment the weight ratio of cationic polyamino acid to buffer ranges from 1:25 to 25:1. In other embodiments, the weight ratio of cationic polyamino acid to buffer ranges from 1 :10 to 10:1, and from 1:2 to 2:1
  • the instant pharmaceutical compositions may comprise, for example, 0.01%-5.0% (w/v) of the bioactive peptide or protein; 0.01%-1.0% (w/v) of the cationic polyamino acid; 0.01%-10.0% (w/v) of the buffer; 0.001%-10.0% (w/v) of the optional tonicifying agent; 0.001%-10.0% (w/v) of the optional viscosity-increasing agent; 0.001%-10.0% (w/v) of the optional bioadhesive agent; 0.001%-10.0% (w/v) of the optional preservative;
  • therapeutically or prophylactically effective amount refers to an amount of a bioactive peptide or protein to treat, ameliorate, or prevent a disease or condition of interest, or to exhibit a detectable therapeutic or preventative effect.
  • the effect can be detected by, for example, a reduction of plasma glucose or HbA ]c levels, or reduction or maintenance of body weight.
  • Therapeutic effects also include reduction in physical symptoms.
  • the precise effective amount for a subject will depend upon the subject's size and health, the nature and extent of the condition, and the therapeutics or combination of therapeutics selected for administration. Generally, the effective amount for a given situation can be determined by routine experimentation and is within the judgement of the clinician.
  • Dosage and administration are adjusted to provide sufficient levels of the active moiety or to maintain the desired effect. Factors that may be taken into account include the severity of the disease state, general health of the subject, age, weight, and gender of the subject, diet, time and frequency of admimstration, drug combination(s), reaction sensitivities, and tolerance/response to therapy. Long-acting pharmaceutical compositions may be administered every 3 to 4 days, every week, or once every two weeks depending on half-life and clearance rate of the active ingredient in the particular formulation.
  • the therapeutically effective dose can be estimated initially either in cell culture assays, e.g., of neoplastic cells, or in animal models, usually mice, rats, rabbits, dogs, pigs, or primates.
  • the animal model may also be used to determine the appropriate concentration range and route of administration. Such information can then be used to determine useful doses and routes for administration in humans.
  • therapeutic efficacy and toxicity may be determined by standard pharmaceutical procedures in cell cultures or experimental animals, e.g., ED 50 (the dose therapeutically effective in 50% of the population) and LD 50 (the dose lethal to 50%) of the population).
  • the dose ratio between therapeutic and toxic effects is the therapeutic index, and it can be expressed as the ratio, ED 50 /LD 5 o.
  • compositions which exhibit large therapeutic indices are preferred.
  • the data obtained from cell culture assays and animal studies is used in formulating a range of dosage for human use.
  • the dosage contained in such compositions is preferably within a range of circulating concentrations that include the ED 50 with little or no toxicity.
  • the dosage varies within this range depending upon the dosage form employed, sensitivity of the patient, and the route of administration.
  • abso ⁇ tion enhancing amount refers to an amount of the abso ⁇ tion enhancing mixture such that the transmucosal abso ⁇ tion of the bioactive peptide or protein is enhanced by at least 1.5-fold, at least 2-fold, at least 5- fold, or at least 10-fold, as compared to transmucosal abso ⁇ tion of the bioactive peptide or protein in the absence or substantial absence of the abso ⁇ tion enhancing mixture.
  • an effective abso ⁇ tion enhancing amount for a given situation can be determined by routine experimentation.
  • the pharmaceutical composition is formulated as an aqueous solution and includes: exendin-4; poly-L-arginine of average molecular weight between 10 and 300 kDa; glutamate buffer at pH between 4.0 and 5.0; sodium chloride; and purified water.
  • the pharmaceutical composition includes: exendin-4; poly-L-arginine of average molecular weight between 10 and 300 kDa; glutamate buffer at pH between 4.0 and 5.0; sodium chloride; hydroxypropyl methylcellulose of average molecular weight between 10 kDa and 1 ,500 kDa; and purified water.
  • the pharmaceutical composition may include exendin-4 at a concentration between 0.01% and 5.0% (w/v); poly-L-arginine of average molecular weight between 10 kDa and 300 kDa at a concentration between 0.01% and 1.0% (w/v); glutamate buffer at pH between 4.0 and 5.0 at a concentration between 0.01% and 10.0% (w/v); sodium chloride at a concentration between 0.001% and 0.9% (w/v); and purified water to 100%).
  • exendin-4 at a concentration between 0.01% and 5.0% (w/v); poly-L-arginine of average molecular weight between 10 kDa and 300 kDa at a concentration between 0.01% and 1.0% (w/v); glutamate buffer at pH between 4.0 and 5.0 at a concentration between 0.01% and 10.0% (w/v); sodium chloride at a concentration between 0.001% and 0.9% (w/v); and purified water to 100%).
  • the pharmaceutical composition includes exendin-4 at a concentration between 0.01%> and 5.0%> (w/v); poly-L-arginine of average molecular weight between 10 kDa and 300 kDa at a concentration between 0.01%> and 1.0% (w/v); glutamate buffer at pH between 4.0 and 5.0 at a concentration between 0.01% and 10.0% (w/v); sodium chloride at a concentration between 0.001% and 0.9% (w/v); hydroxypropyl methylcellulose of average molecular weight 10 kDa and 1,500 kDa at a concentration between 0.001% and 10.0%> (w/v); and purified water to make 100%.
  • the pharmaceutical composition includes exendin-4 at a concentration of 0.5% to 1.0% (w/v); poly-L-arginine hydrochloride of average molecular weight 141 kDa at a concentration of 0.5% (w/v); glutamate buffer at pH 4.5 at a concentration of 0.56%o (w/v); sodium chloride at a concentration of 0.72%> (w/v); and purified water to 100%.
  • the pharmaceutical composition of the invention may include exendin-4 at a concentration of 0.5% to 1.0% (w/v); poly-L-arginine hydrochloride of average molecular weight of 141 kDa at a concentration of 0.5% (w/v); glutamate buffer at pH of 4.5 at a concentration of 0.56% (w/v); sodium chloride at a concentration of 0.72% (w/v); hydroxypropyl methylcellulose of average molecular weight ranging from about 4 to about 86 kDa at a concentration 0.5% (w/v); and purified water to 100%.
  • compositions disclosed herein can be formulated for transmucosal delivery to or via the mucous membranes of a patient in need of treatment.
  • Such formulations can be delivered to or via the mucous membranes for prophylactic or therapeutic pu ⁇ oses in any manner known in the art such as, but not limited to, drops, sprays, tablets, dry-powder inhalation, instillation, metered dose inhalation, nebulization, aerosolization, or instillation as suspension in compatible vehicles. More particularly, ocular, nasal, pulmonary, buccal, sublingual, rectal, or vaginal administration is contemplated as within the scope of the invention.
  • the pharmaceutical composition may be administered as an aqueous solution in the form of drops or a spray.
  • the pharmaceutical composition disclosed herein may be administered as a dry powder formulation.
  • the pharmaceutical composition may be administered as a tablet formulation, wherein the tablet preferably comprises a bioadhesive agent.
  • the compositions disclosed herein may also be administered via aerosolization, such as with a dry powder inhaler (DPI), metered dose inhaler (MDI), liquid dose instillation (LDI), and nebulizers.
  • DPIs, MDIs, LDIs, and nebulizers are all well known in the art and could easily be employed for admimstration of the pharmaceutical compositions of the invention without undue experimentation.
  • a method for enhancing the transmucosal abso ⁇ tion of a bioactive peptide or protein involves administering the bioactive peptide or protein to a subject via a mucous membrane in conjunction with an abso ⁇ tion enhancing composition comprising a cationic polyamino acid and a buffer that is compatible with that cationic polyamino acid.
  • an abso ⁇ tion enhancing composition comprising a cationic polyamino acid and a buffer that is compatible with that cationic polyamino acid.
  • the transmucosal abso ⁇ tion of the bioactive peptide or protein is enhanced relative to the transmucosal abso ⁇ tion of the bioactive peptide or protein in the absence or substantial absence of the abso ⁇ tion enhancing composition comprising a cationic polyamino acid.
  • the transmucosal abso ⁇ tion of the bioactive peptide or protein is improved by at least 1.5-fold, at least 2-fold, in another embodiment at least 5-fold, and in still another embodiment by at least 10- fold over the transmucosal abso ⁇ tion of the bioactive peptide or protein when administered to a subject via transmucosal delivery in the absence or the substantial absence of the abso ⁇ tion enhancing composition.
  • the bioactive peptide or protein is administered as an aqueous solution comprising the abso ⁇ tion enhancing composition.
  • the bioactive peptide or protein is administered as a dry powder formulation comprising the abso ⁇ tion enhancing composition.
  • the bioactive peptide or protein is administered as a tablet formulation comprising the abso ⁇ tion enhancing composition, wherein the abso ⁇ tion enhancing composition optionally further comprises a bioadhesive agent.
  • Another aspect relates to a method for improving the bioavailability of a bioactive peptide or protein administered to a subject via transmucosal delivery, wherein the method generally involves administering the bioactive peptide or protein to a subject via a mucous membrane in conjunction with an abso ⁇ tion enhancing composition comprising a cationic polyamino acid and a buffer that is compatible with that cationic polyamino acid.
  • the bioavailability of the bioactive peptide or protein is improved by at least 15-fold, at least 2-fold, in another embodiment of the invention at least 5-fold, and in yet another embodiment of the method by at least 10-fold over the bioavailability of the bioactive peptide or protein when administered to a subject via transmucosal delivery in the absence or substantial absence of the abso ⁇ tion enhancing composition.
  • the following examples are intended to provide illustrations of the application of the present invention. The following examples are not intended to completely define or otherwise limit the scope of the invention.
  • peptide exendin-4 (AC2993) is useful as a model for peptides or proteins with iso-electric points that lend themselves (or can be buffered) to have either neutral or positive net charges within the pH range from about 4 to about 7 for optimum transmucosal delivery.
  • Example 1 An aqueous pharmaceutical composition was prepared as follows: 0.5% weight by volume of exendin-4; 0.5% weight by volume of poly-L-arginine hydrochloride of average molecular weight 141 kDa; 0.56% weight by volume of monosodium glutamate, monohydrate; 0.72% weight by volume of sodium chloride; hydrochloric acid q.s. to adjust the pH to approximately 4.5; q.s. to 100.0% weight by volume of water.
  • Example 2 An aqueous pharmaceutical composition was prepared as follows: 0.5% weight by volume of exendin-4; 0.25% weight by volume of poly-L-arginine hydrochloride of average molecular weight 141 kDa; 0.56% weight by volume of monosodium glutamate, monohydrate; 0.72% weight by volume of sodium chloride; hydrochloric acid q.s. to adjust the pH to approximately 4.5; q.s. to 100.0% weight by volume of water.
  • Example 3 An aqueous pharmaceutical composition was prepared as follows: 0.5% weight by volume of exendin-4; 0.5% weight by volume of poly-L-arginine hydrochloride of average molecular weight 141 kDa; 0.56% weight by volume of monosodium glutamate, monohydrate; 0.72% weight by volume of sodium chloride; 0.5% weight by volume of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose of average molecular weight approximately 86 kDa; hydrochloric acid q.s. to adjust the pH to approximately 4.5; q.s. to 100.0% weight by volume of water.
  • Example 4 To evaluate the efficacy of the transmucosal abso ⁇ tion enhancing ability of the cationic polyamino acids of the invention, the aqueous pharmaceutical compositions of Examples 1-3, and a control composition (prepared in the absence of the cationic polyamino acid) were prepared and nasally administered to Cynomolgus monkeys via a spray bottle. As depicted in Figures 1 and 2, the presence of a cationic polyamino acid (poly-L-arginine) showed a significant, concentration dependent effect on transmucosal abso ⁇ tion and bioavailability which was dependent on the concentration of the polyamino acid.
  • a cationic polyamino acid poly-L-arginine
  • Figure 1 depicts the bioavailability enhancement (normalized to a 1 ⁇ g/kg dose) of three exendin-4 aqueous solutions containing poly-L-arginine with or without hydroxypropyl methylcellulose as compared to a control exendin-4 solution without poly-L-arginine.
  • Figure 2 depicts the area under the plasma curves (AUC) up to 8 hours post-dosing of the exendin-4 solutions relative to the solution affording the highest bioavailability (NF-1).
  • AUC area under the plasma curves
  • NF-4 area under the plasma curves
  • the data show that the AUC of the exendin-4 control solution without poly- L-arginine (NF-4) is approximately one-tenth of that of the solution containing 0.5% poly-L-arginine (NF-1).
  • the bioavailability is unexpectedly enhanced 10-fold by the poly-L-arginine formulation.

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Abstract

L'invention concerne des méthodes et des compositions permettant d'améliorer l'absorption transmucosale de protéines et peptides bioactifs. L'invention concerne plus particulièrement des compositions permettant d'améliorer l'absorption transmucosale de protéines et peptides bioactifs, tels que l'exendine-4, PYY, PYY3-36, et GLP-1 et leurs analogues et dérivés. Lesdites compositions comprennent un mélange d'acide polyamino cationique permettant d'améliorer l'absorption, au moins un agent d'amélioration d'absorption supplémentaire et un tampon compatible avec l'acide polyamino. L'invention concerne également des méthodes permettant d'améliorer l'absorption transmucosale et la biodisponibilité des protéines et des peptides bioactifs à l'aide de ces compositions.
PCT/US2005/001440 2004-05-28 2005-01-12 Distribution transmucosale de peptides et de proteines amelioree WO2005117584A2 (fr)

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PCT/US2004/017456 WO2005000222A2 (fr) 2003-05-30 2004-05-28 Nouveaux procedes et nouvelles compositions pour une administration amelioree par voie muqueuse de peptides et de proteines
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WO2006044063A3 (fr) * 2004-10-19 2008-02-07 Nitto Denko Corp Administration transepitheliale de peptides avec activites des hormones incretines
US9670261B2 (en) 2012-12-21 2017-06-06 Sanofi Functionalized exendin-4 derivatives
US9694053B2 (en) 2013-12-13 2017-07-04 Sanofi Dual GLP-1/glucagon receptor agonists
US9750788B2 (en) 2013-12-13 2017-09-05 Sanofi Non-acylated exendin-4 peptide analogues
US9751926B2 (en) 2013-12-13 2017-09-05 Sanofi Dual GLP-1/GIP receptor agonists
US9758561B2 (en) 2014-04-07 2017-09-12 Sanofi Dual GLP-1/glucagon receptor agonists derived from exendin-4
US9771406B2 (en) 2014-04-07 2017-09-26 Sanofi Peptidic dual GLP-1/glucagon receptor agonists derived from exendin-4
US9775904B2 (en) 2014-04-07 2017-10-03 Sanofi Exendin-4 derivatives as peptidic dual GLP-1/glucagon receptor agonists
US9789165B2 (en) 2013-12-13 2017-10-17 Sanofi Exendin-4 peptide analogues as dual GLP-1/GIP receptor agonists
US9932381B2 (en) 2014-06-18 2018-04-03 Sanofi Exendin-4 derivatives as selective glucagon receptor agonists
US9982029B2 (en) 2015-07-10 2018-05-29 Sanofi Exendin-4 derivatives as selective peptidic dual GLP-1/glucagon receptor agonists
US10758592B2 (en) 2012-10-09 2020-09-01 Sanofi Exendin-4 derivatives as dual GLP1/glucagon agonists
US10806797B2 (en) 2015-06-05 2020-10-20 Sanofi Prodrugs comprising an GLP-1/glucagon dual agonist linker hyaluronic acid conjugate

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US4847240A (en) * 1978-01-16 1989-07-11 The Trustees Of Boston University Method of effecting cellular uptake of molecules
DK1140145T4 (da) * 1999-01-14 2019-07-22 Amylin Pharmaceuticals Llc Hidtil ukendte exendinagonistformuleringer og fremgangsmåder til indgivelse deraf

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US7442682B2 (en) 2004-10-19 2008-10-28 Nitto Denko Corporation Transepithelial delivery of peptides with incretin hormone activities
WO2006044063A3 (fr) * 2004-10-19 2008-02-07 Nitto Denko Corp Administration transepitheliale de peptides avec activites des hormones incretines
US10758592B2 (en) 2012-10-09 2020-09-01 Sanofi Exendin-4 derivatives as dual GLP1/glucagon agonists
US9670261B2 (en) 2012-12-21 2017-06-06 Sanofi Functionalized exendin-4 derivatives
US9745360B2 (en) 2012-12-21 2017-08-29 Sanofi Dual GLP1/GIP or trigonal GLP1/GIP/glucagon agonists
US10253079B2 (en) 2012-12-21 2019-04-09 Sanofi Functionalized Exendin-4 derivatives
US9789165B2 (en) 2013-12-13 2017-10-17 Sanofi Exendin-4 peptide analogues as dual GLP-1/GIP receptor agonists
US9694053B2 (en) 2013-12-13 2017-07-04 Sanofi Dual GLP-1/glucagon receptor agonists
US9750788B2 (en) 2013-12-13 2017-09-05 Sanofi Non-acylated exendin-4 peptide analogues
US9751926B2 (en) 2013-12-13 2017-09-05 Sanofi Dual GLP-1/GIP receptor agonists
US9771406B2 (en) 2014-04-07 2017-09-26 Sanofi Peptidic dual GLP-1/glucagon receptor agonists derived from exendin-4
US9775904B2 (en) 2014-04-07 2017-10-03 Sanofi Exendin-4 derivatives as peptidic dual GLP-1/glucagon receptor agonists
US9758561B2 (en) 2014-04-07 2017-09-12 Sanofi Dual GLP-1/glucagon receptor agonists derived from exendin-4
US9932381B2 (en) 2014-06-18 2018-04-03 Sanofi Exendin-4 derivatives as selective glucagon receptor agonists
US10806797B2 (en) 2015-06-05 2020-10-20 Sanofi Prodrugs comprising an GLP-1/glucagon dual agonist linker hyaluronic acid conjugate
US9982029B2 (en) 2015-07-10 2018-05-29 Sanofi Exendin-4 derivatives as selective peptidic dual GLP-1/glucagon receptor agonists

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