WO2005058423A1

WO2005058423A1 - Fire-protection element with a trigger and expander

Info

Publication number: WO2005058423A1
Application number: PCT/DE2004/002746
Authority: WO
Inventors: Oskar Bschorr; Hans-Joachim Raida; Thilo TOLLKÜHN
Original assignee: Oskar Bschorr; Hans-Joachim Raida; Tollkuehn Thilo
Priority date: 2003-12-16
Filing date: 2004-12-15
Publication date: 2005-06-30
Also published as: DE10358978A1; DE112004002750D2

Abstract

The invention relates to flat or formed fire-protection elements (10) used to extinguish fires, as a protection against blazes and for insulation purposes when there is a risk of an explosion. The fire-protection element consists of a trigger (11), an expander and a fire-extinguishing cloth (14). When stored, it is compacted into a space-saving form. When it is thrown into the source of a fire, the trigger releases the elastically pre-tensed expander and the fire-extinguishing cloth automatically unfolds. For the unfolding of the fire-extinguishing cloth, which is known per se, the temperature of the blaze is used, along with pyrotechnic means and the energy thus ejected in addition to the deformation energy with bi-metal or memory elements. The fact that the fire-extinguishing cloth is enclosed by the expander e.g. barbed wire and thus mechanically discharged, enables it to be reduced to film thickness. The expander and fire-extinguishing cloth are used in a dry state for electric blazes and are made of electrically insulating synthetic or ceramic material. Damp fire-extinguishing cloths or fire-extinguishing cloths that are impregnated with water directly before use are advantageous for blazes belonging to categories A, B and C. The expanded fire-protection elements are embodied as hollow bodies. Combustion air and explosion mixtures are suctioned from the source of the fire during expansion of the hollow bodies. The hollow bodies reduce the effective cross-section of convection and, by virtue of their flow resistance, make it more difficult for air to be conveyed to the point of combustion.

Description

Fire protection element with trigger and expander

The subject of the application are flat and shaped elements for suffocating fires, as protection against flames and for insulation in the event of a risk of explosion.

The state of the art includes fire blankets in various designs. These are flat fabrics e.g. corresponding to DDST 14155. German patent DE 19655125C2 shows a developable fire protection curtain that is used in the home. There are also diverse developments in the field of fire protection mats. For example, AT 001143U1 describes a fire protection mat in which a mixture of external dispersion, painter's clay and sand is applied to a coating substrate (e.g. paper). This coating is fire-resistant and becomes elastic when heated, which deforms the surface and thus prevents the supply of oxygen. In this source i.a. also proposed the multi-layer use of this fire protection mat. DE8008190U1 presents a fire protection mat in the form of a material web which consists of a flat carrier material which is provided with a multiplicity of holes and with a coating of fire protection compound. DE 69228571 describes a fire protection panel which consists of an inflating fire protection material. WO 91/18155 shows a fire protection mat that is attached to a wall with pins. DE 4211732A1 shows an insulating mat made of a flax fiber fleece to which a fire protection agent has been added. For stabilization, the fibers are glued and, if necessary, water glass is added. A so-called fire barrier felt is presented in DE 69604412. At temperatures of at least 350 °, a self-supporting carbonized material is created. DE 69607335 describes a flexible device with fire-retardant properties, which consists of a network with chemically and physically stable particles. When the temperature rises, an endothermic reaction takes place, through which heat energy is consumed. DE 69807530 describes a flexible self-supporting fire barrier material. There is from inorganic fibers such as Glass fibers, glass ceramic fibers, ceramic fibers, mineral fibers, metal fibers, refractory carbon fibers or aluminosilicate fibers. An endothermic reaction is also provided here. DE 4114620A1 describes flat flame arrestors for suffocating fires. These flame arresters consist of a porous device, e.g. from a wire mesh, which, according to the Davy principle, limits the flame spread when it is slowly lowered to a fire. The flame arresters are sucked up to open and lower. Mounted or rust installed.

The object of the invention are elements for extinguishing fires and for temporary or inherent protection against ignition and against explosions. The area of application should extend to all fire classes A to D and all fire cases: fires in the household, apartment, building, vehicle, forest, chemical, oil, electrical and smoldering fires.

The main feature of the invention is a fire protection element in which an expander - preferably elastically prestressed - expands, a fire blanket folded in storage condition and covers a source of fire in order to prevent the air supply or to prevent the expansion of a fire.

According to a further feature, the deployment of the fire protection elements is started by the expander using a trigger. Depending on the application, the trigger is activated manually when it is ejected, by opening the fire protection element, directly by the heat from the source of the fire, automatically by a distance igniter, by radio or by a temperature, radiation or smoke sensor. According to the invention, the deformation energy of a compact, elastically prestressed expander is used to deploy the fire protection element, and pressure energy from pyrotechnic gas generators, from pressure gas cartridges or steam can also be used, as well as the throwing energy, centrifugal forces and Archimedes buoyancy.

According to a further feature, the fire blankets are already moistened in the storage condition for use in fire classes A, B and C. Longer storage times are provided by fire protection elements that contain an internal water bag and / or in which the fire blanket is only soaked externally immediately before use.

According to another feature, expanders and fire blankets are made of electrically non-conductive material (ceramic, plastic) for use in all fire classes A to D.

According to a further feature, the fire protection elements are given a surface coating in order to adjust the radiation behavior. For the thermal self-protection of the fire blanket, it is advantageous to design the side facing the fire to be reflective and the one facing as "black emitter". In order to protect an object against a flame front, fire blankets reflecting on both sides are useful.

According to a further feature, the expander consists of two or more sections that are decoupled by force - and also electrically - in order to achieve a weight-dependent, automatic adaptation of the fire blanket to the contour of the source of the fire and thus to ensure more effective coverage. The same effect can be achieved with expanders that lose their inherent rigidity due to heat or automatically after expansion.

According to a further feature, the expanders receive additional stiffening after deployment in order to use the fire protection elements as a self-supporting wall. A flame front can be stopped or distracted, a source of fire can be limited or an object to be protected can be enclosed.

According to a further feature, the expanded fire protection elements are designed as hollow bodies. In the event of fires in closed rooms, this removes combustion air and, in the event of a risk of gas and dust explosions, the explosion mixture is drawn off. The necessary openings are secured against ignition by a network analogous to the Davy 'mine lamp or by check valves. Furthermore, the hollow bodies reduce the effective convection cross-section, increase the flow resistance and thus make the air supply to the burning point more difficult.

According to a further feature, dangerous explosive charges are covered with fire protection elements, as are the objects to be protected. Such a protective layer insulates both the emission and the immission of an explosion.

The subject matter of the invention is specified in more detail on the basis of various exemplary embodiments:

I to 6: Plane basic forms of a fire protection element

Fig. 7 to 9: Fire protection elements formed into hollow bodies

10 and 11 fire protection elements designed for self-supporting walls

Fig. 12 to 14 Fire protection elements designed for housings

15 to 20 embodiments of the trigger and expander

Fig. 21 to 28 embodiments of the fire blanket

Fig. 29 to 32 application of fire protection elements

Fig. 33 to 45 Special application case for fire protection elements The terms agreed below are introduced for a more rational description: With the number X of a figure, X0 means a fire protection element in the expanded operating state, XO 'in the compressed, space-saving storage state, or XO "in an intermediate stage. A fire protection element XO is composed of the three basic elements together: a trigger XI, an expander X2 and a fire blanket X4. The trigger XI releases the expander X2 and this unfolds the fire blanket X4. In the compacted storage state, the expander is designated X2 'and the fire blanket X4' Expander X2 or the expander component X3 maintain the set shape of the fire protection element XO. The actual cover surface is formed by the fire blanket X4 with its components X5 for protection against tensile and other mechanical, chemical and thermal loads and consists of fire-resistant materials in the form of foils, fabrics , Fleeces or grids with vaults or Microneedles and is completely or partially impermeable to gases. X6 relate to means for fixing the fire protection elements XO to the source of the fire and to each other, e.g. hooks, weights, adhesive and Velcro points, also to prevent sliding due to the Leidenfrost effect. Under X7 stiffeners, supports, struts and connections are summarized with which self-supporting shapes such as walls, hoods and hollow bodies can be realized. Means for applying the fire protection elements XO 'are marked with X8. Finally, X9 denotes the source of the fire or, in reverse use, the object to be protected. 2, the internal structure of a fire protection element XO with trigger XI, expander X2, X3 and fire blanket X4, X5 is no longer explicitly shown in all exemplary embodiments. To understand this, it is sufficient to abstract from the general term fire protection element XO.

The precise application of a fire protection element is determined by the (a) convection speed and the thermal load by the (b) temperature at the fire site. It is advisable to prepend these design and application criteria that apply to all exemplary embodiments:

(a) A source of fire with a heating power Q ° [W] causes - in addition to the - marginal - stoichiometric, a thermal volume increase ΔV ° = (K- 1) Q ° / κp ₀ [m ³ / s]. Where po = 10 ⁵ [Pa] is the ambient pressure and K is the adiabatic exponent; in sufficient approximation, the exponent of air and combustion gas can be equated with K = 1.4 [-]. With a heating output of, for example, Q ° = 10 [MW], which corresponds to the combustion of approx. 0.5 kg of wood per second, the temporal volume increase is ΔV ° ~ 25 [m ³ / s]. The lift speeds caused by this increase in volume themselves are situation-dependent. In the worst case, a vertical lift channel with a Beraoulli flow is formed, where the radiometer forces directed radially to the channel axis maintain an overpressure, so that maximum flow velocity - the so-called firestorm - is reached.

(b) Furthermore, the heat radiation is to be used for cooling radiation. A heater of temperature T gives off the thermal output N = σT ⁴ [W / m]. The extinguishing blanket X4 as a black radiator optimally reaches σ = 5.6 * 10 ^"8 [W / m ² K ⁴ ]. If a volume fraction γ [-] of black particles with an average spherical radius r [m] is also added to the fire gas, there is a specific surface s = 3γ / r [m ² / m ³ ] which, at a combustion gas temperature T _B, has specific radiation cooling n = s σT _ß [W / m ³ ] and a temperature decrease T _B ° ^~ 3σγ (κ - 1 ) T _B ⁵ / rκpo [K / s] The very high fire gas temperatures T _B can be cooled quickly thanks to the Tß ⁵ dependency in order to reduce the thermal load on the fire blanket X4 or to use cheaper designs The radiometer forces falling in the square of the temperature gradients also reduce the convection disproportionately. In the top view of FIG. 1a, flexible expanders 12, for example steel wire or tape, span a fire protection element 10 formed from the fire-resistant fire blanket 14. In the case of class D fires, the expander 12 consists of electrically non-conductive material, for example of fiber-reinforced plastics. In FIG. 1b the fire protection element 10 "is wound up and in FIG. 1c it is additionally rolled up into the space-saving storage form 10 '. A flammable band 11, for example a textile band, holds the compact, elastically prestressed expander 12 together. Thrown into a source of fire, the band 11 burns and the expanders 12 open the fire protection mat 10. For better adaptation to the contour of the source of the fire and thus to achieve a more effective air restriction, the circumferential expanders 12 have flexible interruptions 13. With the fire blanket 14, the known state of the art can be used Unfolding and strain relief by the circumferential expander 12 also allows much smaller basis weights, including thin-walled foils. The rod-shaped wound fire protection element 10 "from FIG. 1b is also suitable for ejection by hand.

2a and 2b show a top and side view of an expanded fire protection element 20. Analogously to FIG. 1, a fire blanket 24 was unfolded again by an elastic expander 22. The fire blanket 24 is curved for strain relief and for better adaptation to the source of the fire. In Fig. 2c the fire protection mat 20 "is in a folded intermediate form in order to be transferred with one or more folds into the bearing form 20 'according to Fig. 2d. According to Fig. 2e the fire protection element is placed in an evacuated pocket 21 made of fire or When the heat is applied, the pocket 21 loosens and the fire protection element 20 'held together by the external pressure can expand. The packaging in a vacuum-tight pocket 21 also allows fire blankets 24 soaked with water or water glass. A practically unlimited storage time can be achieved with an integrated water ampoule which is opened when ejected or by a trigger and only then moistens the fire blanket 24.

For reasons of efficiency and in order to be more precise with greater weight, it is advisable to eject several fire protection elements at the same time. In Fig. 3, a composite of expanded fire protection elements 30 is additionally held together by a connecting line 37. Such a flexible arrangement can nestle better against the fire and can be adapted to the source of the fire on a case-by-case basis with the adjustable number and size of the individual elements. An initially incomplete cover helps to burn off the fuel gas that is still released by pyrolysis without any flare and thus also to prevent the development of smoke.

In Fig. 4, a fire protection mat 40 is designed in tape form. Rolled up in the storage state, the expander 42 provides e.g. Steel band, for an automatic opening of the fire protection mat 40. The fire blanket 44 is also stretched by the reinforcing struts 43. Because of the better storability and also for use in electrical fires of class D, the fire protection element 40 is dry, but can be soaked for fire classes A, B and C by immersing it in a water bath before use.

In the preceding exemplary embodiments, a horizontal or only slightly inclined fire area was tacitly assumed, in which the weight of a fire protection element is sufficient to cover. For use on steep or overhanging fire areas, the compacted fire protection element 50 'in FIG. 5a has the shape of a collapsed screen, consisting of the strut-shaped expanders 52' and the fire blanket 54 '. A trigger 51 holds the elastically biased expanders 52 'together. The tip of the umbrella is designed as a barb 56, in order to hook onto a wooden wall 59 after the entry, as in FIG. 5b. Adhesion to a wall can also be done by gluing or Reach burdock. A conventional impact detonator activates the trigger 51, which releases the expanders 52 as far as they will go, in order to ensure a tightly fitting fire blanket 54 to protect the wooden wall 59. - Furthermore, it can also be used from the air in forest fires with a bonfire. Thanks to the arrow shape, the fire protection element 50 'can penetrate the crown space and expand on the ground.

6a and 6b, a fire protection mat 60 'and 60 is shown in the storage and expansion state. In the expanded state, the 4 final masses 66, e.g. Water or sand bags, accelerated radially outwards by an expander 62 and span the rectangular fire blanket 64. The expander 62 itself can be driven by spring force, by compressed gas or pyrotechnically. For the mechanical relief of the fire blanket 64, the end masses 66 are connected to one another by tensile wires or cords 63.

1 to 6, it was a matter of covering and suffocating a source of fire with sheet-like fire protection elements. The expanded fire protection elements 70, 80 and 90 in FIGS. 7 to 9 have a volume shape. They again consist of the fire blankets 74, 84 and 94 spanned by expanders 72, 82 and 92. In addition, inlets 75 (not shown in FIGS. 8 and 9) are provided, through which air can be released after manual or automatic release and expansion the fire protection elements 70, 80 and 90 can flow. This removes atmospheric oxygen from the combustion chamber. In the same way, explosive air mixtures are extracted and neutralized. In order to prevent ignition, the inlets 75 are provided with wire grids as in the Davy pit lamp or as a check valve. Air extraction, volume displacement and flow resistance of the fire protection bodies 70, 80 and 80 hinder convection and reduce the fire rate. 7 is comparatively easy to manufacture and supports the covering effect. The spherical shape according to FIG. 9 - with tension wires not shown here - achieves maximum rigidity in order to also support multi-layer layers. The lens shape according to FIG. 8 has sheet-like extensions 85 at the edge and, in addition to the removal of air, at the same time ensures a fire source is covered. For mechanical cohesion, fire protection elements 70, 80 and 90 are e.g. provided with hooks 76, with Velcro devices 86 and or with adhesive points 96.

In the - not shown - storage condition, a fire protection mat according to FIG. 10 is compressed into a line. After the release, the expanders 102, which are under elastic tension, stretch and span a vertical protective wall 100. Guy lines 107 ensure a stable stand. For mechanical relief, the film 104 is stiffened with tensile wires 105. In FIG. 11 a, expanders 112 carry a vertical protective wall 110, consisting of a film 114 and reinforcing wires 115. In order to ensure sufficient stiffness for very high heights and to be able to compress the protective wall 110 to a minimal storage volume, the expanders 112 also have a cross section variable moment of inertia: in Fig. 1 lb and 1 lc these are two curved steel strips 117 welded together at the edge. In the idle state, the steel strips 117 'are flat and can thus be additionally rolled up. In the embodiment of FIG. 1d, 4 steel rods 117 'are pressed together and connected to one another by a cylinder jacket 113' and form an expander 112 'which can be rolled up further for storage. By inflating the cylinder cavity of the elastic cylinder jacket 113 with compressed air, the operating state of an expander 112 is formed with maximum bending and buckling stiffness according to FIG. 1 le.

In FIG. 12, expanders 122 span a hood 120. This can be dropped from a helicopter over a point of fire by means of a tether 127. The exemplary embodiments according to FIGS. 13 and 14 relate to protection against a fire. The fire protection element 130 is bent in a semicircle by the expanders 132 and forms Fire protection element 130 is bent semicircularly by the expanders 132 and forms an escape channel 139, for example for a ladder or a corridor. In FIG. 14, a fire protection element 140 forms a tube 149, for example for abseiling people who are trapped.

15 to 20 show different designs of triggers and expanders. There is a wide range of prior art for the triggers 151 and 161 shown symbolically in FIGS. 15 and 16, depending on the task. For a large throw range and accuracy, triggering is only advantageous after it has hit the source of the fire. Suitable for this are impact detonators, fuses, flammable or fusible triggers 11 and 21 as in FIGS. 1c and 2d or triggers activated by heat, radiation or smoke from the fire site. Since lower expansion forces are sufficient in the throwing phase, the delay can only be triggered with delayed detonators or distance detonators immediately before the impact. This is advantageous in the heavy, water-filled expanders according to FIGS. 16 and 17. Finally, radio-controlled triggering is advantageous for preventive laying - and for finding and collecting unused fire protection elements.

15 to 17, the expanders 152, 162 and 172 are shown as flexible tubes. In Fig. 15, a gas generator 158 (or a cartridge with compressed gas) is activated by the trigger 151, so that the expander 152 fills with compressed gas, stiffens and thus unfolds a fire blanket. FIG. 16 is almost identical to trigger 161, gas generator 168 and expander 162 in FIG. 15. In addition, the tubular expander 162 is filled with water 166 here. When depressurized, the expander 162 is flexible and can be folded up to save space. When pressurized by the activated gas generator 167, the expander 162 stretches and thus opens the fire protection element. The filling of the expander 162 with water 166 requires less compressed gas, serves as a support weight and for moistening the fire blanket. Comparable to the airbag, a small opening ensures that the pressure is automatically reduced again after expansion, the expander 162 becomes flexible again and therefore clings more effectively. In Fig. 17, a cartridge 171 is heated with a low-boiling liquid through the source of the fire and bursts it at an adjustable vapor pressure and thus pressurizes the expander 172, which is again filled with water 176, and brings the fire protection element from the storage to the operating state. Fig. 18 shows that an increase in temperature can be used directly to unfold the fire protection mat. For this purpose, the expander 182 is constructed from the bimetallic strips 183 and 187. These are set in such a way that they are rolled up to save space at ambient temperature and that a bending moment is not released for expansion until exposure to heat. It is comparable to producing the expander 182 from a memory alloy, which changes from the storage to the insert form at a certain temperature. Since both expansion effects are reversible, these versions are also suitable for protection in the event of temporary overbiting.

19 and 20 is concerned with reducing the stiffness of the expander 192 and 202 after the deployment process. If the expander behaves plastically, it can conform better to the contour of a source of fire and seal more effectively. For this purpose, in the initial state according to FIG. 19 a, struts 193 are glued to the expander 192, as a result of which the area moment of inertia and the bending rigidity are increased. When exposed to heat, the bond loosens and, as shown in FIG. 19b, the struts 193 turn off and the expander 192 is much more flexible and conformable. The struts 193 also serve as hooks for fixing on the base and for interlocking the fire protection elements with one another. In FIGS. 20a and 20b, an expander 202 is softened by dissolving it into a plurality of subexpanders 203, again triggered by the action of heat or fire water. Both measures also accelerate the later rotting. 21 to 28 show in cross section additional properties of fire blankets X4. 21, the fire blanket 214 is reinforced by a support grid 215. The thermal absorption and emission can be adjusted via the surface 216 of the fire blanket 214. A black surface is suitable for radiation cooling and a reflective surface for radiation protection. 22, a closed film 224 is intended to be independent of the position. For this purpose, a water-absorbing substrate 225, for example a polyacrylate braid, is attached on both sides and connected to one another by an opening 227. When spraying extinguishing water afterwards, the substrate 225 can absorb water from both sides. In addition to cooling, the water weight also ensures that it clings to the source of the fire effectively. A fire blanket 234 with a double layer 235 is shown in FIG. The space is maintained by an elastic insulating layer 236, for example mineral wool. This is appropriate if an object is to be protected from an incoming flame front. 24, punctual adhesives 245 are attached to a fire blanket 244. Adhesive 245 consists of several layers, with the outermost adhesive layer designed for normal temperature and the inner one as a hot melt adhesive effective for higher temperatures. For soft underlays and thin fire blankets 244, a full-surface self-adhesive is most appropriate. 25, sub-ceilings 255 are inserted into a fire blanket 254, which are opened not by their own expanders but by the local tensile stress. This again serves for more effective fitting and as crack protection. In FIG. 26, a fire blanket 264 is not flat, but is provided with depressions 265. As a result, the fire blanket 264 can nestle better against the contour of a source of fire and, on the other hand, help the depressions 265 hold fire water and sand as stabilizing weight 267. The exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 27 relates to a fire blanket 274 which contains buoyancy aids 275, for example air-filled glass beads or closed metal tubes. This ensures that the fire blanket 274 will float in the event of oil fires. Finally, in FIG. 28, a fire blanket 284 is formed by a grid 285. The grid 285 carries a fibrous material 287 with an increased flow resistance in order to make the passage of air more difficult. The fibrous material 287 is used to absorb toxic combustion gases. In particular, chlorine and fluorine gases from carpets and plastics can be rendered harmless. The grid 285 also offers itself as a carrier for a catalyst for controlling the combustion.

29 to 32, means for deploying the fire protection elements to the place of use are shown, in particular FIG. 29 for manual deployment with a fire protection element 290 'designed as a throwing disc. An edge bead 298 helps to set the fire protection element 290 'in rotation at the same time. Orientation is specified with the axis of rotation so that fire blankets with differently prepared sides can also be used. In addition, the centrifugal force of the rotation can also be used to open the fire protection element 290 '. Furthermore, it is possible to design the fire protection elements for manual ejection in spear, disc, stick, arrow or hammer throwing forms. In FIG. 30, fire protection elements 300 'are dropped from the helicopter and directed to a source of fire by means of a controllable brake parachute 308. Because of the thermal upward flow, it is advisable to expand the fire protection elements 300 'by means of a (ultrasound or laser) distance meter 301 only immediately before the impact. In Fig. 31, a compressed fire protection element 310 'is provided with a propellant 318 as in a projectile and is fired from a tube 317. In FIG. 32, the fire protection element 320 'receives a rocket drive 328 and is guided to the source of the fire by a mount 327. Because of the comparatively short ranges, a water rocket powered by compressed gas is sufficient. In order to be able to use cheap and less heat-resistant fire blankets, a container 315 is additionally provided in the fire protection element 310 'in FIG. 31, which opens upon impact and releases black dust. Especially at high fire temperatures to achieve disproportionate radiation cooling. The same effect is given in FIG. 32 by a water container 325 which is also sprayed before the fire protection element 320 'expands. Irrespective of this, the impregnation of the fire blankets before use with water or water glass also reduces the thermal load.

The following examples FIGS. 33 to 45 relate to typical uses. In the standard case according to FIG. 33, a smooth fire source 339 is covered by flat fire protection mats 330. In the case of a fissured source of fire 349 in FIG. 34, the volume-shaped fire protection bodies 340 adapt better to the geometry. With extensive sources of fire, e.g. Bush and forest fires, it is advantageous to distribute the fire protection body 340 unevenly in order to prevent a closed flame front with an inhomogeneous and direction-dependent fire speed. In the case of a strip-shaped distribution, a gradient of the rate of fire again helps to deflect a flame front. 35 is a fire in a closed room 359. In order to extract atmospheric oxygen from the source of the fire here, the room 359 is completely filled with volumetric fire protection body 350. For this purpose, the fire protection bodies 350 can be introduced from outside in the event of a fire, are permanently installed in endangered rooms and are triggered by infrared or smoke detectors or radio. When mounting and mounting on the ceiling, escape routes can also be kept open. For a space filling with the smallest possible free flow cross sections, fire protection bodies 350 of different sizes and different stiffness are advantageous. 36 and 37 relate to emission and immission protection in the event of explosions. The explosive body 369 is encased in FIG. 36 and a building 379 to be protected is encased in FIG. 37 with voluminous fire protection bodies 360 and 370, respectively. 38a, a combustible wall 389 is covered by a fire protection mat 380 '. In the event of a fire according to Fig. 38b, the fire protection mat 380 expands and forms a heat and oxygen insulating protective layer 383, e.g. Mineral wool. 39a, a load-bearing structure 399 is surrounded by a fire protection mat 390 'in the cross section according to FIG. 39a, which expands again in the event of a fire in FIG. 39b and protects the carrier 399 by the insulating layer 393. The heat-sensitive bimetal or memory expanders according to FIG. 18 are suitable for the two cases.

In Fig. 40, a selective fire source 409 is surrounded by cylindrical fire protection pants 400. In the idle state - not shown here - the fire protection pants 400 form a ring around the source of the fire 409, which, after being triggered by the expander 402, forms a cylinder jacket. If the expanded fire protection trousers 400 are sealed against the subsurface, the air supply is made more difficult and the fire is suffocated. With this arrangement, the fire protection trousers 400 have a protective distance and can also be used with intensive fire sources 409 with strong wind forces.

41 is a fire protection element 410 for a protection object 419, e.g. a house, shown with large vertical sides. 41a, the not yet expanded fire protection element 410 'is set in rotation by aerodynamic drilling surfaces and controlled on the protection object 419. At the ends of the fire blanket 414 there are masses 416, e.g. Water or sand bags. When triggered immediately before the impact in FIG. 41b, the rotational energy of the masses 416 helps to open the fire blanket 414. When placed in Fig. 41c, the rotating masses 416 wrap the fire blanket 414 around the protected object 419, thus ensuring a tight fit.

42 and 43, cross-sectional, line-shaped, non-self-supporting fire protection elements 420 and 430 for the containment of forest fires are demonstrated. In FIG. 42 the fire protection element 420 covers a forest edge and in FIG. 43 the fire protection element 420 serves to separate the forest along a road and to create a barrier. Hooks 427 and 437 serve for fixation, loads with weights 426 and 436; eg sand, earth or superabsorbers that store water.

In FIG. 44, a fire protection element 440 is formed into a hot air balloon open at the bottom and is tied up by means of holding ropes 447. The buoyancy by the generators 448 can be achieved on the one hand by brief heating or also by injection of helium. In the suspended state, the fire protection element 440 is moved over a protection object 449, e.g. managed a single house and dropped off there. 45, the fire protection elements 450 are connected to one another with an annular line 457 '. The leash, which can also be closed after the fire protection elements have been deployed, is pulled together manually or automatically by contractors 458 and ensures that the fire is evenly attached from all sides. Such an arrangement makes sense if the fire site is high or the lines cannot be passed for other reasons.

Claims

protection claims

[Fire protection element, XO]

1. Fire protection element for suffocation of fires, as protection against ignition and for insulation in the event of a risk of explosion, characterized in that it consists of a) a compactable fire blanket and b) a compactible expander connected to the fire blanket and c) a trigger to initiate the expansion of the expander consists.

2. Fire protection element according to claim 1, characterized in that in the initial state a) the fire blanket is rolled and / or folded and b) the expander is compacted and c) the trigger is not activated.

3. Fire protection element according to one of claims 1 to 2, characterized in that the activation of the trigger initiates the expansion of the expander.

4. Fire protection element according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the expansion of the expander causes the unfolding and / or rolling out of the fire blanket.

[Trigger, XI]

5. Fire protection element according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the activation of the trigger a) manually or b) automatically after the set delay time or c) after or during a flight through the air or d) by a laser or ultrasonic distance meter or e) after a flight by an impact or f) by an infrared and / or smoke sensor or g) by the action of heat or h) by the action of water or i) combinations of a) to h).

[Expander, X2, X3]

6. Fire protection element according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the expansion of the compacted expander preferably by its elastic deformation energy or by a) compressed gases or b) gas generators or c) pressurized water or d) the vapor pressure of a boiling cartridge or e) by gravity or f) by centrifugal forces or g) by mechanical spring tension or h) by aerodynamic or Archimedean forces i) by combinations of a) to h).

7. Fire protection element according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the expander reduces its inherent rigidity after the expansion to conform to the contour of a source of fire a) by dividing it into several partial expanders or b) by softening or dissolving by the action of heat of connections or c) by reducing the expansion pressure via nozzle openings or d) by combinations of a) to c).

8. Fire protection element according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the expander to form self-supporting protective walls such as hoods, cylinders or tubes increases its area moment of inertia during or after the expansion.

[Fire blanket, X4, X5]

9. Fire protection element according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the fire blanket for fixing against the source of the fire and / or the object to be protected and / or for cohesion with one another with a) anchors or b) hooks or c) Velcro closures or d) at low temperatures working wet glue or e) hot melt glue set at higher temperatures or f) combinations from a) to e) are provided.

10. Fire protection element according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the fire blanket with a) black and / or reflective surfaces, b) strain relief, c) water absorbent fabric, d) water-absorbing superabsorbent, e) buoyancy bodies for floating on liquids, f) absorbents for toxic combustion gases, g) catalysts for combustion control is provided.

11. Fire protection element according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the fire blanket for fixing fire water and weighting has a knot with depressions and elevations.

12. Fire protection element according to one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that the fire blanket partially overlaps and enables re-expansion by tensile forces (Fig. 25). [Application, X8]

13. Fire protection element according to one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that, during manual application, the compressed fire protection elements are designed in the form of a) a throwing disc or b) a spear or c) a throwing stick or d) a throwing hammer. 14. Fire protection element according to one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that it is dropped from a great height a) falls on the fire site or b) is directed to the target with a control parachute. 1 . Fire protection element according to one of claims 1 to 14, characterized in that it is shot from a tube container in the manner of a projectile, a rocket or a Stalin organ.

16. Fire protection element according to one of claims 1 to 15, characterized in that several fire protection elements are coupled by cable connections

17. Fire protection element according to one of claims 1 to 16, characterized in that several fire protection elements expand at different times.

18. Fire protection element according to one of claims 1 to 17, characterized in that the sizes of the fire protection elements are graded.

19. Fire protection element according to one of claims 1 to 18, characterized in that the fire protection elements of different sizes expand the smaller fire protection elements first.

20. Fire protection element according to one of claims 1 to 19, characterized in that the fire protection element is set in rotation for stabilization, orientation and / or expansion.

21. Fire protection element according to one of claims 1 to 20, characterized in that the fire protection element releases black dust particles or water before or during the expansion.

22. Fire protection element according to one of claims 1 to 21, characterized in that the fire protection element is soaked with external water or by means of an integrated water container before being deployed.

[Special applications, FIGS. 33 to 45]

23. Fire protection element according to one of claims 1 to 22, characterized in that flammable surfaces and supports are surrounded with a fire protection mat, which expands when exposed to heat and causes an increase in thermal resistance (Fig. 38, 39).

24. Fire protection element according to one of claims 1 to 22, characterized in that the fire protection element forms a voluminous, hollow body.

25. Fire protection element according to one of claims 1 to 22, characterized in that, in the event of fire or risk of fire, rooms are filled with voluminous fire protection bodies (Fig. 35).

26. Fire protection element according to one of claims 1 to 22, characterized in that voluminous fire protection bodies are used in the case of explosive gas mixtures and their openings are provided with a Davy wire mesh and / or a check valve (FIG. 35).

27. Fire protection element according to one of claims 1 to 22, characterized in that, in the event of an explosion, the explosive devices and / or facing protective objects are shielded with voluminous fire protection bodies (FIGS. 36, 37).

28. Fire protection element according to one of claims 1 to 22, characterized in that a fire site with a high burning rate and high buoyancy is provided with open-top cylindrical fire protection pants (Fig. 40).

29. Fire protection element according to one of claims 1 to 22, characterized in that a) it is dropped from a great height and b) is set in rotation by aerodynamic swirl surfaces and c) falls or is directed onto a protected object / source of fire and d) by a trigger is activated and e) is unfolded by rotating end masses (Fig. 41).

30. Fire protection element according to one of claims 1 to 22, characterized in that a forest edge is covered with extremely light fire protection elements, which are fixed and secured by hooks, adhesives and weights (Fig. 42, 43).

31. Fire protection element according to one of claims 1 to 22, characterized in that a) a fire protection element is designed as a hood and b) is operated as a hot air balloon and c) is pulled over the source of the fire or over an object to be protected by means of holding lines and is deposited there ( Fig. 44).