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WO2004113770A2 - Presse-garniture a labyrinthe abradable a inversion de tourbillon - Google Patents

Presse-garniture a labyrinthe abradable a inversion de tourbillon Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO2004113770A2
WO2004113770A2 PCT/US2004/019496 US2004019496W WO2004113770A2 WO 2004113770 A2 WO2004113770 A2 WO 2004113770A2 US 2004019496 W US2004019496 W US 2004019496W WO 2004113770 A2 WO2004113770 A2 WO 2004113770A2
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
vanes
shaft
toothed
swirl
seal
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US2004/019496
Other languages
English (en)
Other versions
WO2004113770A3 (fr
Inventor
Jiming Li
Pranabesh De Choudhury
Original Assignee
Elliott Company
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Elliott Company filed Critical Elliott Company
Priority to US10/560,800 priority Critical patent/US20060237914A1/en
Publication of WO2004113770A2 publication Critical patent/WO2004113770A2/fr
Publication of WO2004113770A3 publication Critical patent/WO2004113770A3/fr

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D11/00—Preventing or minimising internal leakage of working-fluid, e.g. between stages
    • F01D11/001—Preventing or minimising internal leakage of working-fluid, e.g. between stages for sealing space between stator blade and rotor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D11/00—Preventing or minimising internal leakage of working-fluid, e.g. between stages
    • F01D11/02—Preventing or minimising internal leakage of working-fluid, e.g. between stages by non-contact sealings, e.g. of labyrinth type
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
    • F04D29/08—Sealings
    • F04D29/10—Shaft sealings
    • F04D29/102—Shaft sealings especially adapted for elastic fluid pumps
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
    • F04D29/66—Combating cavitation, whirls, noise, vibration or the like; Balancing
    • F04D29/661—Combating cavitation, whirls, noise, vibration or the like; Balancing especially adapted for elastic fluid pumps
    • F04D29/668—Combating cavitation, whirls, noise, vibration or the like; Balancing especially adapted for elastic fluid pumps damping or preventing mechanical vibrations
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16J—PISTONS; CYLINDERS; SEALINGS
    • F16J15/00—Sealings
    • F16J15/44—Free-space packings
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16J—PISTONS; CYLINDERS; SEALINGS
    • F16J15/00—Sealings
    • F16J15/44—Free-space packings
    • F16J15/445—Free-space packings with means for adjusting the clearance
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16J—PISTONS; CYLINDERS; SEALINGS
    • F16J15/00—Sealings
    • F16J15/44—Free-space packings
    • F16J15/447—Labyrinth packings
    • F16J15/4472—Labyrinth packings with axial path

Definitions

  • Centrifugal compressors are rotating machines. They are comprised of stationary portions referred to as stators and rotating portions known as rotors. The rotors are supported on journal bearings in the stator. Differential gas pressure in the axial direction along the shaft tends to cause leakage flow along the shaft from higher to lower pressure regions. This leakage flow is detrimental for various reasons. Hence, seals are positioned along the shaft to retard this leakage flow. In centrifugal compressors, use of labyrinth seals, and especially abradable labyrinth seals, are well known.
  • Labyrinth seals provide a tortuous path along the shaft minimizing flow.
  • labyrinth seals comprise a plurality of radial teeth extending from the stator or the shaft with a small radial clearance at the tips of the teeth.
  • the surface is made of an abradable material such that in use, and depending on the vibrations encountered, the tips of the labyrinth teeth cut away grooves providing an additional clearance.
  • Labyrinth seals with strong gas swirl in the direction of rotation of the shaft can generate a destabilizing force that may induce rotor instability. This is primarily influenced by the swirl velocity at the entrance to the labyrinth seal. Vanes have been proposed for reducing the swirl in common labyrinth seals as explained, for example, in Miller U.S. Patent No. 4,420,161. This invention is directed to the integration of swirl-reducing vanes and abradable labyrinth seals with teeth fixed to the stator.
  • an apparatus for restricting axial flow through the clearance between a rotating shaft and a seal stator and providing effective damping to improve rotor stability comprises an abradable labyrinth seal and swirl-reversing vanes upstream of the labyrinth seal.
  • the shaft comprises a first toothed axial section having a plurality of radially extending annular teeth and a second upstream toothed axial section having at least one radially extending annular tooth.
  • the number of teeth in the second axial section is less than four.
  • the vanes have a v-shape with a generally v-shaped slot therebetween.
  • the apex of the slot is pointed circumferentially in the direction of rotation whereby the axial gas flow swirling in the rotational direction of the shaft enters the slots and is redirected to exit swirling in the direction against the rotation of the shaft.
  • the vanes have an arcuate shape with the top of the arc pointed in the direction of rotation of the shaft.
  • the tooth upstream of the vanes has the function of delivering the swirling axial flow to the base of the vanes enabling the most effective swirl reversal.
  • FIG. 1 is a section view of an apparatus according to this invention
  • Fig. 2 is a detailed section view illustrating main axial leakage flow and secondary axial leakage flow
  • FIG. 3 is an unrolled schematic view of a portion of the swirl-reversal vane cascade on the inner diameter of the stator for illustrating the swirl reversal; and [0008] Figs. 4(A), 4(B), and 4(C) are views similar to Fig. 3 illustrating alternate vane cascade configurations.
  • the apparatus for restricting axial flow comprises a rotor portion 10 and a stator seal portion 11.
  • the rotor has a toothed section 12 comprising a labyrinth seal. There is a very small clearance between the tip of teeth 13 and the inner surface of the stator seal.
  • the rotor has a second toothed section 14 upstream of the first toothed section having at least one tooth. Between the first and second toothed sections there is a section 15 that is a smooth cylindrical surface having a diameter less than the outer diameter of the tips of the labyrinth teeth.
  • the surface of the stator radially outward of the plurality of teeth 13 in the first toothed section is coated with an abradable material 16. There may or may not be an abradable material radially outward of the second toothed section. If not, the clearance will be somewhat larger than being used with abradable materials.
  • Swirl-reversal vanes 17 are fixed to the stator seal extending into cylindrical section 15 on the shaft. [0010] Referring to Fig. 2, arrow 18 indicates the direction of flow along the shaft.
  • the tooth 14 causes the main leakage flow to pass through the swirl-reversal vanes 17.
  • a minor or secondary leakage flow (indicated by a dashed line arrow) is not affected by the vanes. However, the secondary leakage flow is minor because of the existence and position of the vane 17.
  • the velocity of the inlet flow to the vanes Ni has two components; namely, the axial velocity Wi and the circumferential velocity U-. in the direction of the rotor rotation.
  • the vanes have a generally v-shape or arc shape with the apex or arch pointing in the direction of shaft rotation.
  • the jet of leakage flow is confined and directed by the tooth 14 at the base of the vanes.
  • the direction of the flow Ni is generally parallel to the vanes at the entrance to the narrow path between the vanes.
  • Figs. 4(A), 4(B), and 4(C) illustrate alternate vane profiles suitable, according to this invention.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Turbine Rotor Nozzle Sealing (AREA)
  • Sealing Using Fluids, Sealing Without Contact, And Removal Of Oil (AREA)
  • Structures Of Non-Positive Displacement Pumps (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un appareil pour restreindre un écoulement axial par l'espace situé entre un arbre de rotation et un stator d'étanchéité, comprenant un presse-garniture à labyrinthe abradable et des vannes à inversion de tourbillon situées en amont du presse-garniture à labyrinthe. L'arbre comprend une première partie axiale dentée présentant une pluralité de dents annulaires, une seconde partie axiale dentée en amont, présentant quelques dents annulaires, d'une à trois, et une partie située entre les deux, présentant une surface cylindrique d'un diamètre inférieur au bord extérieur de la dent des parties dentées, les vannes d'inversion de tourbillon étant fixées au joint de stator entre les parties dentées.
PCT/US2004/019496 2003-06-20 2004-06-18 Presse-garniture a labyrinthe abradable a inversion de tourbillon WO2004113770A2 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US10/560,800 US20060237914A1 (en) 2003-06-20 2004-06-18 Swirl-reversal abradable labyrinth seal

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US48039403P 2003-06-20 2003-06-20
US60/480,394 2003-06-20

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2004113770A2 true WO2004113770A2 (fr) 2004-12-29
WO2004113770A3 WO2004113770A3 (fr) 2006-01-26

Family

ID=33539292

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/US2004/019496 WO2004113770A2 (fr) 2003-06-20 2004-06-18 Presse-garniture a labyrinthe abradable a inversion de tourbillon

Country Status (2)

Country Link
US (1) US20060237914A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2004113770A2 (fr)

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2154379A1 (fr) * 2007-06-06 2010-02-17 Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd. Dispositif de joint d'étanchéité pour machine à fluide rotative et machine à fluide rotative
CN101949386A (zh) * 2010-09-29 2011-01-19 北京化工大学 一种离心压缩机稳定性控制装置
WO2011029420A1 (fr) * 2009-09-10 2011-03-17 Mtu Aero Engines Gmbh Dispositif de déflexion pour un écoulement de fuite dans une turbine à gaz et turbine à gaz correspondante
WO2012001995A1 (fr) * 2010-06-28 2012-01-05 三菱重工業株式会社 Dispositif d'étanchéité et machine fluidique comprenant celui-ci
CN103133403A (zh) * 2011-12-05 2013-06-05 诺沃皮尼奥内有限公司 涡轮机械
EP2749797A4 (fr) * 2011-10-21 2015-08-19 Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd Dispositif d'étanchéité
EP3034784A1 (fr) * 2014-12-19 2016-06-22 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Possibilité de refroidissement pour turbomachines
EP3147460A1 (fr) * 2015-09-23 2017-03-29 General Electric Technology GmbH Turbine à flux axial
CN107654354A (zh) * 2017-09-18 2018-02-02 沈阳理工大学 一种摆线轴向迷宫密封齿结构

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EP2019238A1 (fr) * 2007-07-25 2009-01-28 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Couche de frottement pour un joint d'étanchéité d'un arbre de rotation et procédé d'application
IT1397706B1 (it) 2009-12-22 2013-01-24 Nuovo Pignone Spa Tenuta che si puo' abradere con spostamento assiale.
JP2012007594A (ja) * 2010-06-28 2012-01-12 Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd シール装置及びこれを備えた流体機械
IT1403222B1 (it) * 2010-12-30 2013-10-17 Nuovo Pignone Spa Sistemi e metodi per rastremazione del rompi-vortice
ES2534795T3 (es) * 2011-08-22 2015-04-28 Mitsubishi Rayon Co., Ltd. Dispositivo de estiramiento con vapor
ITCO20110068A1 (it) * 2011-12-20 2013-06-21 Nuovo Pignone Spa Metodo e tenuta a nido d'ape
JP5643245B2 (ja) * 2012-02-27 2014-12-17 三菱日立パワーシステムズ株式会社 ターボ機械
US20130230379A1 (en) * 2012-03-01 2013-09-05 General Electric Company Rotating turbomachine component having a tip leakage flow guide
JP5922796B2 (ja) * 2012-12-06 2016-05-24 三菱重工コンプレッサ株式会社 シール装置、および、回転機械
EP2982832B1 (fr) * 2013-04-03 2018-12-26 Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd. Machine rotative
US9574453B2 (en) * 2014-01-02 2017-02-21 General Electric Company Steam turbine and methods of assembling the same
FR3050250B1 (fr) * 2016-04-15 2018-04-13 Safran Transmission Systems Joint sans contact de type labyrinthe obtenu par fabrication additive
US10208762B2 (en) * 2016-10-10 2019-02-19 Solar Turbines Incorporated Swirl brakes for compressors with teeth-on-rotor seals
JP6783257B2 (ja) * 2018-01-31 2020-11-11 三菱重工業株式会社 軸流回転機械
JP7054582B2 (ja) * 2018-08-03 2022-04-14 株式会社東芝 シール装置およびターボ機械
US11408299B1 (en) 2021-02-16 2022-08-09 Hamilton Sundstrand Corporation Erosion mitigating labyrinth seal mating ring
CN113090338A (zh) * 2021-05-10 2021-07-09 西安热工研究院有限公司 用于二氧化碳透平的反旋向螺纹对冲式气封结构及气封方法
CN114320487B (zh) * 2022-01-07 2024-07-05 中国航发贵阳发动机设计研究所 一种蓖齿封严结构及适用于蓖齿封严结构的方法

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Cited By (17)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2154379A4 (fr) * 2007-06-06 2013-08-07 Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd Dispositif de joint d'étanchéité pour machine à fluide rotative et machine à fluide rotative
EP2154379A1 (fr) * 2007-06-06 2010-02-17 Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd. Dispositif de joint d'étanchéité pour machine à fluide rotative et machine à fluide rotative
WO2011029420A1 (fr) * 2009-09-10 2011-03-17 Mtu Aero Engines Gmbh Dispositif de déflexion pour un écoulement de fuite dans une turbine à gaz et turbine à gaz correspondante
WO2012001995A1 (fr) * 2010-06-28 2012-01-05 三菱重工業株式会社 Dispositif d'étanchéité et machine fluidique comprenant celui-ci
CN101949386A (zh) * 2010-09-29 2011-01-19 北京化工大学 一种离心压缩机稳定性控制装置
CN101949386B (zh) * 2010-09-29 2014-01-01 北京化工大学 一种离心压缩机稳定性控制装置
EP2749797A4 (fr) * 2011-10-21 2015-08-19 Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd Dispositif d'étanchéité
CN103133403A (zh) * 2011-12-05 2013-06-05 诺沃皮尼奥内有限公司 涡轮机械
EP2602436A1 (fr) * 2011-12-05 2013-06-12 Nuovo Pignone S.p.A. Turbomachine
ITCO20110058A1 (it) * 2011-12-05 2013-06-06 Nuovo Pignone Spa Turbomacchina
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EP3034784A1 (fr) * 2014-12-19 2016-06-22 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Possibilité de refroidissement pour turbomachines
WO2016096420A1 (fr) * 2014-12-19 2016-06-23 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Système de refroidissement pour turbomachines
EP3147460A1 (fr) * 2015-09-23 2017-03-29 General Electric Technology GmbH Turbine à flux axial
CN107654354A (zh) * 2017-09-18 2018-02-02 沈阳理工大学 一种摆线轴向迷宫密封齿结构
CN107654354B (zh) * 2017-09-18 2019-04-09 沈阳理工大学 一种摆线轴向迷宫密封齿结构

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
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