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WO2004020367A1 - Engrais et composition de complement alimentaire - Google Patents

Engrais et composition de complement alimentaire Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2004020367A1
WO2004020367A1 PCT/AU2003/001093 AU0301093W WO2004020367A1 WO 2004020367 A1 WO2004020367 A1 WO 2004020367A1 AU 0301093 W AU0301093 W AU 0301093W WO 2004020367 A1 WO2004020367 A1 WO 2004020367A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
dunder
composition
smap
phosphorous
mixing
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/AU2003/001093
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
John Usher
Original Assignee
Csr Distilleries Operations Pty Limited
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Csr Distilleries Operations Pty Limited filed Critical Csr Distilleries Operations Pty Limited
Priority to AU2003254394A priority Critical patent/AU2003254394A1/en
Publication of WO2004020367A1 publication Critical patent/WO2004020367A1/fr

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
    • C05F5/00—Fertilisers from distillery wastes, molasses, vinasses, sugar plant or similar wastes or residues, e.g. from waste originating from industrial processing of raw material of agricultural origin or derived products thereof
    • C05F5/006—Waste from chemical processing of material, e.g. diestillation, roasting, cooking
    • C05F5/008—Waste from biochemical processing of material, e.g. fermentation, breweries
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
    • A23K10/37—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from waste material
    • A23K10/38—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from waste material from distillers' or brewers' waste
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/20—Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements
    • A23K20/26—Compounds containing phosphorus
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
    • A23K50/10—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for ruminants
    • A23K50/15—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for ruminants containing substances which are metabolically converted to proteins, e.g. ammonium salts or urea
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05C—NITROGENOUS FERTILISERS
    • C05C9/00—Fertilisers containing urea or urea compounds
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
    • Y02A40/20—Fertilizers of biological origin, e.g. guano or fertilizers made from animal corpses
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
    • Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
    • Y02P60/87—Re-use of by-products of food processing for fodder production

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a fertiliser and/or animal feed supplement and method of producing a fertiliser and/or animal feed supplement.
  • the invention relates to a fertiliser based on at least one by-product of alcohol distillation from sugar cane, preferably arising from fermentation of molasses.
  • the fertiliser may also be the same as the an animal feed supplement.
  • fertiliser is superphosphate which is a mixture of gypsum and monobasic calcium phosphate resulting from the action of sulphuric acid on phosphate rocks.
  • Sugar refining results in the production of molasses which may in turn be subject to fermentation and distillation to produce ethanol.
  • a by-product of this process is a liquid material which is sometimes called "dunder", a term originally arising from the rum distillation process. This material is also sometimes known as vinasse or molasses stillage.
  • Dunder is usually a dark brown to black liquid with a sharp odour similar to molasses and a pH around 4.7.
  • Dunder has been applied and supplied by the applicant as a fertiliser and also as an animal feed supplement. For example, dunder has been applied to fields dedicated to growing sugar cane, through truck or tractor drawn tanks.
  • One advantage of the application of a liquid fertiliser is a more precise distribution to crops then in dry fertiliser application. While having a rich supply of a number of nutrients, dunder is deficient in phosphorus both as a fertiliser and a feed supplement.
  • the invention resides in a composition formed from a by-product derived directly or indirectly from the sugar refining process and small monoammonium phosphate ("SMAP") mixed with or dissolved in the by-product.
  • SMAP small monoammonium phosphate
  • the by-product is dunder wherein the dunder is formed from an alcohol distilling process carried out on molasses.
  • the alcohol distilling process preferably produces ethanol.
  • the dunder is preferably a liquid material containing one or more of the following approximate levels of inorganic components, nitrogen 0.8% W V, phosphorus 0.05% W/V, potash 3.0% W/V, calcium 0.7% W/V, magnesium 0.45% W/V and sulphur 0.3% W/V.
  • the SMAP is preferably substantially of a particle size of 2mm or less. More preferably the particle size is 1 mm or less. Most preferably the particle size is 0.85mm or less.
  • the SMAP may be present in the composition at a rate sufficient to give a phosphorous content of up to 5% W/V. Preferably the phosphorus content is up to 3% W/V. Most preferably the phosphorus content is in the range of 0.5% to 1.5 % W/V.
  • the invention resides in a method of producing a composition as a fertiliser or animal feed supplement said method comprising the steps of providing dunder in a liquid form and mixing SMAP into the dunder to provide a desired level of phosphorus.
  • the desired level of phosphorus is up to 5% W/V.
  • the desired level of phosphorus may be 3% W/V or less or most preferably the desired level of phosphorus is in the range of 0.5% to 1.5% W/V.
  • the invention in a third aspect resides in a method of fertilising soil said method comprising the step of distributing onto soil a composition as described above or formed according to the process described above. ln a fourth aspect the invention resides in a method of supplementing stock feed said method comprising the steps of providing a composition as described above or as produced according to the method described above and; allowing stock, such as cattle, to have access to the product.
  • the method may include the step of mixing the product with other dietary ingredients.
  • Figure 1 is a graph of nitrogen loss plotted against time.
  • Dunder as a fertiliser has a wide range of advantages.
  • Figure 1 is a graph of cumulative loss of nitrogen plotted against time, in days, after application. The highest loss of ammonia vapour occurs when urea alone is placed on the surface of a trash blanket. If urea is mixed with dunder its loss is significantly reduced. If the urea is present in an enhanced dunder ("Liquid One Shot” or "LOS"), the loss is even further reduced. Retention of ammonia provides an ongoing accessible nitrogen store for plant growth and is therefore of considerable advantage.
  • LOS enhanced dunder
  • Dunder contains around 8 kilograms of nitrogen per cubic metre. Approximately half of this material is available to a crop, such as a sugar cane crop, within 2 months of application.
  • the enhanced dunder product or LOS may be produced by adding additional urea and preferably also sulphuric acid.
  • dunder is an acid product in its own right, it has a stabilising effect on reducing ammonia volatilisation which is a problem causing nitrogen loss from urea.
  • Some data has shown the virtual absence of nitrogen loss for up to 5 days after application and a 30% reduction of nitrogen loss compared to urea when spread onto a trash blanket.
  • Potassium at a rate of 30 kilograms per cubic metre is also a major nutrient added to soil from dunder and in fact recycled to the soil in relation to further sugar cane growth. Potassium is in a soluble form and therefore immediately available to a crop upon entering the soil profile.
  • Enhanced dunder may be produced by combining urea and sulphuric acid with dunder to produce a nutritionally concentrated product.
  • the enhanced dunder may have 47.5 kilograms per cubic metre of nitrogen as compared to 8 kilograms of nitrogen per cubic metre of dunder.
  • Such an improved material may also have an additional 32.8 kilograms of sulphur.
  • One method of forming enhanced dunder or LOS involves first forming a concentrate.
  • the concentrate may be formed by mixing granulated urea with dunder.
  • the relative proportions may be 14,380 kg of dunder and 5,300 kg urea.
  • Once the materials are mixed they may be combined with 420 L of sulphuric acid to provide a liquid concentrate, sometimes referred to as "Liquid Top Dressing" or "LTD".
  • LTD Liquid Top Dressing
  • a similar method and formulation may be obtained using 5050 kg of Urea, 14,380 kg of dunder and 650 kg of sulphuric acid providing a ratio of approximately 0.25:0.72:0.03 on a weight basis.
  • This concentrate may in certain circumstances, be used alone.
  • the concentrate may be mixed with raw dunder in any proportions chosen to provide a desired level of nutrients. The calculation of relative proportions is well known to persons skilled in the art.
  • Table 1 shows a basic break down of the contents of one form of dunder.
  • the phosphorous level can be seen to be a low 0.05% W/V.
  • DAP di ammonium phosphate
  • Table 2 results of four samples are shown in Table 2.
  • Samples 1 and 4 show attempts to use DAP in solution with enhanced dunder.
  • the resulting phosphorous dunder concentration shows a low and a varying level between the two products (0.32 - 0.21% W/V) highlighting the difficulties of phosphorus supplementation by addition of commonly used products.
  • the levels in dunder alone (sample 4) and enhanced dunder (sample 3) are also seen to be very low. It has therefore been traditionally found that use of DAP and of monoammonium phosphate (MAP) are unsuitable for producing a stable phosphorus supplemented product.
  • MAP monoammonium phosphate
  • SMAP fine untreated form of MAP
  • This SMAP product displays compatibility characteristics that were unsuspected and are suitable in generating a new liquid fertiliser and animal feed product with relatively high phosphorous.
  • Monoammonium phosphate is also known as ammonium dihydrogen phosphate and has the formula (NH 4 ) H 2 P04.
  • SMAP is preferred in a form in which 99% of the material is 0.85mm or less in particle size. It is usually a granular solid which is grey/brown in colour. This product is available from Incitec Fertilisers Limited of Paringa Road, Gibson Island, Murrarie, Brisbane, Australia.
  • test samples showed a high percentage of actual phosphorus content in comparison to the theoretically estimated amount of phosphorus present.
  • the level of phosphorus expected (1.61%) was largely attained and is much higher than that obtained with earlier attempts at phosphorus addition. Further, the phosphorus stayed in solution over a significant time.
  • the concentration of P present was determined using ICP and after stirring.
  • the level of SMAP added is approximately twice that of Example One.
  • the percentage level of phosphorus is also theoretically twice that of Example One. Surprisingly the theoretical level of phosphorus was substantially attained in practical terms and was stable over the period of the test.
  • SMAP was combined with concentrate (LTD) in a pilot plant trial.
  • SMAP + cone was then diluted with dunder to form the final product.
  • the percentage of phosphorous obtained was high in the concentrate mixture and diluted further to around 0.5% W/V with the addition of dunder. Again the levels of P actually obtained were very close to the theoretical level predicted and the material was stable in its mixed state.
  • the solution was mixed and samples taken for ICP analysis at various time intervals.
  • This formulation including phosphorus, provided a higher level of stably dissolved phosphorus but still lower in percentage terms than SMAP and effectively a phosphorous deficient formulation. There was also rapid settling 60 minutes post cessation of stirring even after 22 hours stir time.
  • the solution was mixed and samples taken for ICP analysis at various time intervals.
  • the product was a combination of the above and dunder on the ratio 1 :1.2 (above mix: dunder)
  • the resulting product included a relatively high and stable phosphorous level as shown in Table 8.
  • SMAP was added to enhanced dunder ("Liquid One Shot") to provide around 5kg of phosphorous (0.50% W/V) per cubic metre of finished product.
  • a truck was filled with the product and samples were initially taken. The truck load of product was dispersed and two samples were taken towards the end of the load. In the first truck the initial concentration was 0.5% W/V of phosphorus and the final average test gave a result of 0.51 % W/V of phosphorus. In a repeat of the test the initial result was 0.48% W/V of phosphorus at the start and 0.50% W/V of phosphorus as an averaged end result. This trial established that the product produced according to the present invention is stable in the essential commercial context of a transport and dispersal vehicle.
  • the inventor has surprisingly discovered a means of elevating the level of phosphorous in a useful by-product of ethanol production from a sugar cane refining by-product.
  • the invention provides a stable product with acceptable phosphorous levels that may be distributed commercially for soil fertilisation and animal feed supplementation. Mixing may be by any suitable means preferably using a mechanical stirring device. High shear mixing may be utilised.
  • the SMAP may be added to a concentrate such as LTD to provide a mixing solution for addition to dunder or for use by itself as a fertiliser or indeed a feed additive.
  • a single high quality product can be used in a single application or spaced sequential applications to provide high levels of plant nutrition. Recycling of a by-product of the sugar refining process also is very real in that enormous volumes of dunder are produced in a year. Creating an application and market for a fully balanced product beyond the market currently existing for dunder is of great advantage.
  • Phosphorus is also a vital ingredient of the diet of an animal being of particular importance in the bone growth, lactation and intracellular biochemical system. Balancing the substance provides a benefit to farmers particularly those raising ruminants.
  • liquid product to soil may be accomplished by any suitable known means, including by spraying, wetting and other dispersal means. Application rates will depend on soil tests. An example of average use in the sugar industry ranges between 15 to 30 kgs of finished product per hectare as an annual maintenance level to sustain phosphorus for root development.
  • the required rate When used as a feed supplement, the required rate will vary with the condition and nutritional status of the livestock. Many coastal soils are phosphorous deficient, generating a need for supplementation. Dairy cattle may be exposed to the supplement through addition to grain rations during milking. Range animals such as beef, cattle and sheep may be supplemented by provision of licks and/or mixing with hay rations for distribution.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
  • Food Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Animal Husbandry (AREA)
  • Zoology (AREA)
  • Biotechnology (AREA)
  • Botany (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Physiology (AREA)
  • Mycology (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Birds (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Fodder In General (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention se rapporte à une composition comportant de la vinasse mélangée à du phosphate monoammonium de faible calibre (« SMAP »). La vinasse est un sous-produit de la fermentation de la mélasse. Cette vinasse peut être améliorée par addition d'urée et/ou d'acide sulfurique. Le phosphate monoammonium se présente de préférence sous une forme dans laquelle 99 % se trouve sous forme de granules avec un diamètre inférieur ou égal à 1 millimètre, et de préférence inférieur ou égal à 0,85 millimètre. L'invention se rapporte également à un procédé de mélange du phosphate monoammonium de faible calibre avec de la vinasse ou de la vinasse améliorée pour produire un engrais ou un complément alimentaire qui est équilibré en phosphore. Les taux préférés de phosphore sont compris entre 0,5 % et 1,5 % mais peuvent être sélectionnés jusqu'à 5 % en poids par volume. L'invention se rapporte également à un procédé de fertilisation des sols et/ou de complémentation du régime du bétail.
PCT/AU2003/001093 2002-08-27 2003-08-27 Engrais et composition de complement alimentaire WO2004020367A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU2003254394A AU2003254394A1 (en) 2002-08-27 2003-08-27 Fertiliser and feed supplement composition

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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AU2002951000A AU2002951000A0 (en) 2002-08-27 2002-08-27 Fertiliser
AU2002951000 2002-08-27

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Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2009093091A1 (fr) * 2008-01-23 2009-07-30 Chemor Kutató, Fejlesztö És Kereskedö Kft. Procédé de préparation d’aliments et d’additifs alimentaires de valeur nutritionnelle améliorée à partir de sous-produits industriels contenant des huiles végétales
US20100310723A1 (en) * 2009-06-04 2010-12-09 Peterson Stephen L Ruminant Mineral Feed Additive
WO2013135919A1 (fr) * 2012-03-15 2013-09-19 Fertinagro Nutrientes, S.L. Procédé de traitement de matières protéiques, produit obtenu au moyen d'un tel procédé, et son utilisation en tant que fertilisant
US9663411B2 (en) 2012-11-29 2017-05-30 Liquid Fertiliser Systems Pty Ltd Fermented soil additive

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3983255A (en) * 1973-10-02 1976-09-28 Unisearch Limited Preparation of fertilizer and animal feed from molasses fermentation residue
DE4324823A1 (de) * 1992-08-21 1994-02-24 Hofschneider Miroslav Rn Dr Flüssiges organisch-mineralisches Düngemittel auf der Grundlage von Melasseschlempen und Verfahren zu dessen Herstellung
WO2003018510A1 (fr) * 2001-08-30 2003-03-06 Kernick, Brian, Louis Engrais

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3983255A (en) * 1973-10-02 1976-09-28 Unisearch Limited Preparation of fertilizer and animal feed from molasses fermentation residue
DE4324823A1 (de) * 1992-08-21 1994-02-24 Hofschneider Miroslav Rn Dr Flüssiges organisch-mineralisches Düngemittel auf der Grundlage von Melasseschlempen und Verfahren zu dessen Herstellung
WO2003018510A1 (fr) * 2001-08-30 2003-03-06 Kernick, Brian, Louis Engrais

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
DATABASE WPI Derwent World Patents Index; Class C04, AN 1994-066948/09 *

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2009093091A1 (fr) * 2008-01-23 2009-07-30 Chemor Kutató, Fejlesztö És Kereskedö Kft. Procédé de préparation d’aliments et d’additifs alimentaires de valeur nutritionnelle améliorée à partir de sous-produits industriels contenant des huiles végétales
US20100310723A1 (en) * 2009-06-04 2010-12-09 Peterson Stephen L Ruminant Mineral Feed Additive
US8257764B2 (en) * 2009-06-04 2012-09-04 Zeotech Corporation Ruminant mineral feed additive
WO2013135919A1 (fr) * 2012-03-15 2013-09-19 Fertinagro Nutrientes, S.L. Procédé de traitement de matières protéiques, produit obtenu au moyen d'un tel procédé, et son utilisation en tant que fertilisant
US9663411B2 (en) 2012-11-29 2017-05-30 Liquid Fertiliser Systems Pty Ltd Fermented soil additive
US10047017B2 (en) 2012-11-29 2018-08-14 Liquid Fertiliser Systems Pty Ltd Fermented soil additive

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