WO2004048419A9 - フェヌグリーク種子の分別、精製及び利用法 - Google Patents
フェヌグリーク種子の分別、精製及び利用法Info
- Publication number
- WO2004048419A9 WO2004048419A9 PCT/JP2002/013432 JP0213432W WO2004048419A9 WO 2004048419 A9 WO2004048419 A9 WO 2004048419A9 JP 0213432 W JP0213432 W JP 0213432W WO 2004048419 A9 WO2004048419 A9 WO 2004048419A9
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- galactomannan
- endosperm
- seed coat
- seeds
- fenugreek
- Prior art date
Links
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08B—POLYSACCHARIDES; DERIVATIVES THEREOF
- C08B37/00—Preparation of polysaccharides not provided for in groups C08B1/00 - C08B35/00; Derivatives thereof
- C08B37/006—Heteroglycans, i.e. polysaccharides having more than one sugar residue in the main chain in either alternating or less regular sequence; Gellans; Succinoglycans; Arabinogalactans; Tragacanth or gum tragacanth or traganth from Astragalus; Gum Karaya from Sterculia urens; Gum Ghatti from Anogeissus latifolia; Derivatives thereof
- C08B37/0087—Glucomannans or galactomannans; Tara or tara gum, i.e. D-mannose and D-galactose units, e.g. from Cesalpinia spinosa; Tamarind gum, i.e. D-galactose, D-glucose and D-xylose units, e.g. from Tamarindus indica; Gum Arabic, i.e. L-arabinose, L-rhamnose, D-galactose and D-glucuronic acid units, e.g. from Acacia Senegal or Acacia Seyal; Derivatives thereof
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; PREPARATION OR TREATMENT THEREOF
- A23L33/00—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L33/20—Reducing nutritive value; Dietetic products with reduced nutritive value
- A23L33/21—Addition of substantially indigestible substances, e.g. dietary fibres
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P1/00—Drugs for disorders of the alimentary tract or the digestive system
- A61P1/14—Prodigestives, e.g. acids, enzymes, appetite stimulants, antidyspeptics, tonics, antiflatulents
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P15/00—Drugs for genital or sexual disorders; Contraceptives
- A61P15/14—Drugs for genital or sexual disorders; Contraceptives for lactation disorders, e.g. galactorrhoea
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P29/00—Non-central analgesic, antipyretic or antiinflammatory agents, e.g. antirheumatic agents; Non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs [NSAID]
- A61P29/02—Non-central analgesic, antipyretic or antiinflammatory agents, e.g. antirheumatic agents; Non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs [NSAID] without antiinflammatory effect
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P3/00—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism
- A61P3/02—Nutrients, e.g. vitamins, minerals
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P3/00—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism
- A61P3/06—Antihyperlipidemics
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P3/00—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism
- A61P3/08—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism for glucose homeostasis
- A61P3/10—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism for glucose homeostasis for hyperglycaemia, e.g. antidiabetics
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23V—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
- A23V2002/00—Food compositions, function of food ingredients or processes for food or foodstuffs
Definitions
- the present invention provides a method for physically separating fenugreek seeds into endosperm and seed coat (including cotyledons), physically refining the endosperm, and producing an endosperm powder containing high-purity galactomannan. It is a method of using huengreek seed coat (including cotyledons) and endosperm as various industrial raw materials including extraction. Background art
- Fenugreek Trigonella Foenum Graecum
- the main component of fenugreek endosperm is galactomannan (see Fig. 1), which is a high molecular polysaccharide that binds galactose (see Fig. 2) and mannose (see Fig. 2) at a ratio of about 1: 1. Because it is a polysaccharide that humans cannot digest, it is generally called dietary fiber.
- Galactomannan has the property of absorbing water and gelling when dissolved in water, and is widely used as a natural thickener as an industrial raw material for foods, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, and the like.
- Other galactomannan-based natural thickeners include guar gum and mouth-to-cast bean gum, but compared to these gums (a substance that has a thickening effect is referred to as gum in English), fenugeek gum (endosperm) ) Has the highest proportion of galactose.
- Galacto in galactomannan It has the property of improving water solubility, emulsifiability and stability as the ratio of water increases.
- the ratio of galactose to mannose is 1: 2 for guar gum, 1: 4 for locust bean gum, and 1: 1 for fenegriek gum.
- fenegreak gum has the excellent properties of quickly dissolving in water at room temperature to form a stable gel. . Therefore, it is receiving much attention as a raw material from various fields.
- Fenugreek seeds have long been used as medicinal plants that have been used only as edible spices for nutritional tonicity, increased appetite, antipyretics, increased lactation, and reduced blood sugar. These effects are caused by galactomannan contained in endosperm and various components contained in the seed coat.
- the galactomannan of fenugreek is also considered to have a sugar absorption inhibitory effect, it is considered that fenugreek suppresses the rise of blood sugar by multiple actions. Furthermore, the fenugreek seed coat contains a resin part and a large amount of a tank which are used as a fragrance of the power ray, and can be used as an industrial raw material in many fields by extracting these.
- Huenegeek seeds have a completely different composition between endosperm and seed coat.
- Endosperm is mostly made of a polysaccharide called galactomannan, while seed coat is composed of essential oils, oleoresins, saponins, and proteins.
- seed coat is composed of essential oils, oleoresins, saponins, and proteins.
- Galactomannan is a high-molecular-weight polysaccharide in which galactose is attached to the linear polymer of mannose by the side chain, and has the property of increasing the viscosity when dissolved in water. It is widely used as an emulsifier in food, cosmetics and other industrial raw materials.
- the use of fenugreek galactomannan is less than other galactomannans.
- the small seeds make it difficult to remove the endosperm, and the unique aroma and bitterness alter the taste and flavor of food when mixed with food.
- the method of extracting galactomannan from seeds involves powdering the seeds and then chemically treating them. This method utilizes the property that galactomannan dissolves in water but does not dissolve in alcohol. First, powdered seeds are put into water to elute galactomannan. Next, the residue is removed by filtration or centrifugation, and alcohol (mainly ethanol) is added to the remaining aqueous solution of galactomannan until a concentration of about 50% is obtained. Kutmannan causes precipitation. By filtering the solution, a precipitate of galactomannan can be obtained. The resulting galactomannan is colored brown and smells, so it is decolorized and deodorized again using alcohol to obtain white galactomannan.
- alcohol mainly ethanol
- fenugreek seeds contain fenugreek oil (essential oil), fenugreek oleoresin (resin), saponins, proteins, etc. It is done in.
- fenugreek oil and fenugreek oleoresin are widely used as fragrances. These extractions are all performed by crushing seeds. Also recently talked about Extraction of 4-no- and hydroxy-isoleucine, insulin-secreting thighs that are considered to be involved in the hypoglycemic effect of fenegurik seeds, is also performed from seeds. (US patent 5,470,879)
- Figure 5 shows a flow chart of our extraction method for saponins. This is done by extracting phenoglycoyl from fenegriek seeds using hexane as a solvent, extracting the residue with 70% ethanol, concentrating it, placing it in 95% ethanol to precipitate saponin, and filtering. Then, saponin is removed, and the remaining solution is concentrated to obtain fenuguri oleoresin. Furthermore, the residue is extracted with an alkaline aqueous solution and neutralized to precipitate the protein and remove the protein. It is unlikely that all this extraction will be done at the same time, but individual extractions will be made from Huenig seeds based on demand. The following documents describe such extraction methods.
- 4-Hydroxyisoleucine is extracted by passing a 70% alcohol extraction solution through a cation exchange resin and a silica gel adsorption column to isolate 4-/-hydroxyisoleucine.
- This extraction method itself is a method that has been commonly used in the past, without any novelty. After isolation of 4-hydroxyisoleucine, the above method can be carried out to extract the same tree, savonin and the like.
- the method of extracting galactomannan is completely different from the method of extracting saponin, 4-hydroxyisoleucine, and the like.
- Galactomannan is an extraction with water, while saponin and 4-hydroxyisoleucine are with an alcohol solution.
- the diameter of the wire mesh was 60 mesh of 250 microns. This is because the size of the endosperm was assumed to be larger. Shaved seed coats (including cotyledons) are discharged from this wire mesh when they become smaller than 250 microns. As a result of the experiment, the seed coat and endosperm were separated by rotating for about 2 hours. This is due to the difference in hardness between the seed coat, cotyledon and endosperm, with cotyledon being the softest, followed by seed coat and endosperm. After placing the seeds, the seeds are rotated in the cylindrical wire mesh of the peeling device, so that the wire mesh and the seeds rub each other, the seed coat is shaved, and the seed coat becomes thin to some extent.
- the milled seeds were a mixture of seed coat and endosperm.
- the seed pieces were placed in a peeling device, and the seed coat and endosperm were separated. As a result, the seed coat and endosperm were separated in about an hour of rotation.
- Endosperm before being subjected to a color sorter is mixed in various sizes of about 0.5mm to 2mm.
- the color sorter recognizes each of these endosperms with a camera, and when it recognizes dark endosperm, it shoots off only that endosperm with an air gun.
- Using a color sorter separates the endosperm with and without the seed coat and increases the efficiency of the subsequent peeling treatment.
- the problem was that the processing capacity of the color sorter was low. Increasing the processing capacity (moving speed) reduces the 3 ⁇ 4IJ ability, and decreasing the processing capacity improves the sorting ability. With the optimal sorting capacity, only a few kilograms can be processed per hour.
- the monthly production capacity was about 700 kg.
- An air-flow crusher is comprised of a plurality of high-speed rotating star-shaped metal plates called rotor blades in a cylindrical tube. By blowing a jet stream into the cylinder and rotating the metal plate, a swirling vortex of air is generated in the cylinder at high speed, causing effects such as impact 'shearing', 'compression', 'milling' and high frequency vibration. Is a crusher for pulverizing the powder. Crushers that perform this function are available from several companies. (See Fig. 7) However, even with this crusher, only 30% of Fenugreek endosperm can be reduced to a powder of 100 mesh or less at one time, and it must be passed through three times to obtain a powder of 100 mesh or less. Needed.
- Fenugreek endosperm is in the form of a lens and has irregularities.
- the convex side is easily peeled off, but the concave side is hardly peeled off. Therefore, the peeling device cannot completely remove the seed coat.
- embryos When the milk is crushed into particles, endosperm particles and seed coat particles are produced, and the seed coat is softer, resulting in smaller particles, and endosperm becomes larger particles than the seed coat. As a result, it was found that the seed coat and endosperm could be separated by a sieve.
- the endosperm that had not been sorted by the color sorter that is, the endosperm containing the endosperm with the seed coat portion mixed, was passed through an air-flow crusher at a low rotation speed.
- the resulting powder was passed through an air-flow crusher at a low rotation speed.
- the air-flow type mill has a drawback that the pulverizing capacity is high but the processing capacity is small.
- the rotation speed is reduced to produce weak powder, so the pulverizing capacity is lower than that of the air-flow type pulverizer, but the throughput is large, and it may be possible with the impact type pulverizer. I thought and decided to give it a try.
- the impact-type pulverizer crushes the raw material by giving an impact to the raw material, and does not blow the jet stream like the air-flow-type pulverizer.
- Our use In the crusher a large number of knurls are mounted around a disk-shaped metal plate, and the disk rotates at high speed so that the hammer crushes the raw material.
- millstones are milled by turning the upper and lower mills in close contact and produce powder, while milling mills are installed with a certain distance between the upper and lower mills. Is not closely related.
- the principle is that if a certain interval is left, particles smaller than that interval cannot be formed. When crushed by this crusher, a granular powder such as coarsely ground coffee beans can be produced. 18-30 mesh for this crusher
- Endosperm powder made from seeds accounts for 20-25% of the seeds, of which high-purity endosperm powder with a galactomannan content of 80% or more accounts for 70%. The remaining 75-80% is seed coat and cotyledons.
- the method of separating seed coat and endosperm only by a physical method without performing water extraction in this way can produce galactomannan at low cost without using a large amount of alcohol. Furthermore, galactomannan is not contained in the seed coat obtained as a by-product.
- Endosperm powder A Light brown powder with slightly animal odor.
- Endosperm powder B Light brown powder with a slight smell.
- Acid insolubles A 3% or less
- B 5% or less
- Dry the product weigh accurately about 1 g of it, add 50 mL of 0 ⁇ 8 ⁇ phosphate buffer and 0.1 mL of heat-resistant amylase solution, and react in a boiling water bath for 30 minutes. After cooling to room temperature, adjust the pH to 7.5 ⁇ 0.1 using a pH meter while adding about 10 mL of 0.275 M sodium hydroxide J-dimension. Add 0.1 mL of the protease solution and react in a water bath at 60 ° C for 30 minutes. After cooling to room temperature, adjust the pH to 4.5 ⁇ 0.2 using a pH meter while adding about 10 mL of 0.325 M hydrochloric acid.
- ECD electron capture detector
- ⁇ — BHC standard product Contains BHC 99% or more. Melting point: 157-159 ° C ⁇ ⁇ -BHC standard: ⁇ -BHC contains 98% or more. Melting point: 308-310 ° C' ⁇ -BHC standard: r-BHC 99% or more. Melting point: 112-114 ° C ⁇ ⁇ -BHC standard: ⁇ 5- Contains 95% or more of BHC. Melting point: 137-140 ° C 'pp'-DDD Standard: Contains more than 98% of pp'-DDD. Melting point: 108-110. C ⁇ pp'-DDE standard products: Contains pp'-DDE99o / 0 or more.
- Melting point: 88-90 ° C 'op'-DDT Standard Contains more than 98% of op'-DDT.
- Melting point: 73-75 ° C ⁇ pp'-DDT standard Contains 99% or more of pp'-DDT.
- Melting point: 103-104 ° C. Contains endrin standard: 98% or more endrin. Decomposes at 200 ° C when determining melting point.
- 'Column carrier diatomaceous earth (177-250 m standard mesh sieve) was washed by refluxing with 6N hydrochloric acid for 2 hours, then washed with distilled water until the effluent became neutral, dried, and treated with methylsilazane (pyridine) Hexamethyldisilazane (special grade) immersed in trimethylchlorosilane (special grade) (5: 3: 1), washed with water for 10 minutes, and dried.
- methylsilazane pyridine
- Hexamethyldisilazane special grade
- trimethylchlorosilane special grade
- the thin plate used in this test was prepared by spreading silica gel for thin layer chromatography containing 10% gypsum on a glass plate to a thickness of 500 m, heating at 130 ° C for about 1 hour, and activating it. I do. Store this in a container containing silica gel for drying and use it within one week.
- n-hexane ethyl acetate (9: 1) as an eluent, remove the thin plate when it rises about 10 cm by the ascending method and air dry it for about 5 minutes.
- test method is the same as for the endosperm powder.
- test method is the same as for the endosperm powder.
- the I test method is the same as that of the L-powder L powder.
- test method is the same as for the endosperm powder.
- test method is the same as for the endosperm powder.
- Figure 1 Structural formula of fenuguricugalactomannan
- Figure 2 Structural formulas of galactose and mannose in fenegriegalactomannan
- Fig. 3 Formulation of froststanol-type steroidal saponins contained in Huene Greek seed coat
- Fig. 4 Structural formula of 4-hydroxyisoleucine contained in Fenugreek seed coat
- Fig. 5 Flow chart for carrying out the invention
- FIG. 8 Impact type crusher
- This figure depicts the inside of an impact-type pulverizer, in which a hammer is mounted around a centered disk. The disk rotates at a high speed, and the hammer rotates at a high speed with a slight distance from the wall of the built-in container.
- This figure shows only the mortar used in the mortar mill, and shows a ring-shaped outer mill and a conical inner mill.
- the actual machine is installed inside ⁇ ! With a certain gap horizontally, with the inner mill entering the outer mill.
- the outer mill is fixed and only the inner mill rotates.
- the fenegriek seeds introduced from the top of the cone are crushed when passing through the gap and discharged through the groove to the bottom of the cone.
- the best mode for carrying out the invention is shown as a flowchart in FIG. seed
- the seed coat and endosperm are separated from the mortar by passing them through a mortar-type crusher with a certain distance between the mortars, crushing the seeds, and passing the crushed seeds through an 18 to 30 mesh sieve. Separate by This process is repeated until only the endosperm remains.
- the endosperm is crushed with an impact crusher. Since it is difficult to pulverize endosperm to 100 mesh or less with an impact-type powder mill, the seed coat that adheres to endosperm is pulverized to 100 mesh or less. This is removed using a sieve. This operation is repeated several times. The mesh size of the sieve and the number of revolutions of the crusher are adjusted according to the situation. When the endosperm that does not pass through the sieve is dissolved in water, the final product must be milky white and non-colored. The sieved product with a galactomannan content of 60-80% is commercialized as B-class endosperm powder. If there is no impact crusher, an air crusher can be used instead.
- Endosperm powder that has not passed through the 100 mesh is pulverized by an airflow pulverizer. After passing through a 70-mesh sieve, heat-sterilize and package.
- the seed coat is extracted with n-hexane. Any extractor may be used. A Soxhlet extractor that does not require a lot of solvent is economical. Filter the extract and remove the seed coat. The solvent is distilled off from the filtered extract to obtain n-greek oil. 4 /, Idoxyisoleucine
- the effluent from the column is concentrated under reduced pressure.
- the saponin is screened.
- the precipitated saponin is filtered off. After washing the saponin with the 95% ethanol solution, vacuum-dry and pack the powder.
- the remaining seed coat is dried, it is extracted with alkaline water. Filter the extract and remove the seed coat of the residue. Neutralization of the extract with acid causes protein precipitation, and the protein precipitate is filtered off. The protein is dried under vacuum and packaged. When using the seed coat as a flavoring or health food ingredient.
- the seed coat contains a large amount of oil, it hardens when powdered and then heat sterilized. Because it cannot be sterilized, heat sterilization before powdering, sterilize and pulverize. After crushing, immediately pack. Industrial potential
- Huen Greek is used as a spice in curry, and most Japanese eat the curry, most Japanese are eating Fuen Greek, but most Japanese Not knowing about Huenegriek.
- fenugreek is cultivated as livestock feed, but its seeds are not edible at all. Isn't fenigree grown for food in India and the Middle East? However, if you want to grow Huen Greek, you can do it anywhere in the world.
- Fenugreek gum has the characteristics of a functional food as well as the characteristics of a thickener. Therefore, another demand may arise. Then, if there is a great deal of demand in the future, this has the potential to become an industry. As demand for fenegriek gum increases, large amounts of seed coats are generated as by-products.
- the seed coat contains many active ingredients. By extracting this, it can be used as a raw material for medicines, cosmetics, flavors, and foods.
- the extracted seed coat is the same as cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, etc., and the same as wood and wood. It also occurs in large quantities as biomass. If this is used as fuel for power generation, etc., a truly recycling-type environment can be created. By converting it to charcoal, it can be used as a raw material for generating hydrogen gas.
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Description
Claims
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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JP2004554956A JPWO2004048419A1 (ja) | 2002-11-28 | 2002-12-20 | フェヌグリーク種子の分別、精製及び利用法 |
AU2002368394A AU2002368394A1 (en) | 2002-11-28 | 2002-12-20 | Method of classifying, purifying and using fenugreek seeds |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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JP2002344842A JP2005341801A (ja) | 2002-11-28 | 2002-11-28 | フェヌグリーク種子(Fenugreek)の分別と胚乳の精製及び胚乳と種皮の利用法 |
JP2002-344842 | 2002-11-28 |
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JP2008285465A (ja) | 2007-04-17 | 2008-11-27 | House Foods Corp | フェヌグリーク種子加工物およびその製造方法 |
WO2008133173A1 (ja) * | 2007-04-17 | 2008-11-06 | House Foods Corporation | フェヌグリーク種子加工物およびその製造方法 |
JP5661228B2 (ja) * | 2007-04-17 | 2015-01-28 | ハウス食品グループ本社株式会社 | フェヌグリーク種子加工物およびその製造方法 |
CN102015746B (zh) * | 2008-05-08 | 2015-05-13 | 梧桐生物技术私人有限公司 | 包含半乳甘露聚糖的组合物及其制备方法 |
JP2012239433A (ja) * | 2011-05-20 | 2012-12-10 | Daitsu:Kk | マンゴ果肉の微粉末製造方法 |
CN105004726A (zh) * | 2015-08-04 | 2015-10-28 | 江苏科技大学 | 一种桑黄的鉴定方法 |
CN106366207B (zh) * | 2016-09-08 | 2019-04-12 | 天津现代职业技术学院 | 一种葫芦巴水溶性多糖洗手液及其制备方法 |
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JP2002223724A (ja) * | 2001-02-01 | 2002-08-13 | Air Green Co Ltd | フェヌグリーク胚乳の脱臭と脱色 |
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JPWO2004048419A1 (ja) | 2006-04-13 |
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WO2004048419A1 (ja) | 2004-06-10 |
AU2002368394A8 (en) | 2004-06-18 |
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