WO2003037180A1 - Appartus for determining flow rate and velocity ratio of blood - Google Patents
Appartus for determining flow rate and velocity ratio of blood Download PDFInfo
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- WO2003037180A1 WO2003037180A1 PCT/CN2002/000747 CN0200747W WO03037180A1 WO 2003037180 A1 WO2003037180 A1 WO 2003037180A1 CN 0200747 W CN0200747 W CN 0200747W WO 03037180 A1 WO03037180 A1 WO 03037180A1
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- 239000008280 blood Substances 0.000 title claims description 17
- 210000004369 blood Anatomy 0.000 title claims description 17
- 230000017531 blood circulation Effects 0.000 claims description 48
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N Glucose Chemical compound OC[C@H]1OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N 0.000 abstract description 5
- 210000001367 artery Anatomy 0.000 abstract description 5
- 210000003462 vein Anatomy 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 abstract 2
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 abstract 2
- 210000004204 blood vessel Anatomy 0.000 description 11
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 9
- 229940090044 injection Drugs 0.000 description 6
- 229940093181 glucose injection Drugs 0.000 description 4
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 4
- 241001552669 Adonis annua Species 0.000 description 2
- 239000008355 dextrose injection Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 210000001147 pulmonary artery Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 230000002685 pulmonary effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000002792 vascular Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/02—Detecting, measuring or recording for evaluating the cardiovascular system, e.g. pulse, heart rate, blood pressure or blood flow
- A61B5/026—Measuring blood flow
- A61B5/0275—Measuring blood flow using tracers, e.g. dye dilution
- A61B5/028—Measuring blood flow using tracers, e.g. dye dilution by thermo-dilution
Definitions
- the invention relates to a device for measuring a blood flow velocity and a blood flow velocity ratio thereof from a blood vessel cavity.
- a commonly used method for measuring blood flow velocity from a blood vessel cavity is an ultrasonic Doppler method.
- This method uses an ultrasonic probe of an ultrasonic Doppler apparatus as a catheter to be placed in a blood vessel cavity, and uses the principle of ultrasonic Doppler to detect blood. Flow velocity, but due to the complicated manufacturing process and expensive price of this probe, it is difficult to promote in basic and clinical research work.
- Another method for measuring the blood flow velocity from the blood vessel cavity is the blood temperature change sensing method. This method locates a Swan-Ganz catheter with a thermistor at the front end of the catheter in the pulmonary artery, and generates a potential by sensing the change in blood temperature.
- This blood flow velocity measurement method can only measure the average pulmonary blood flow velocity, and the calculation process of calculating the pulmonary blood flow velocity from the temperature dilution curve is complicated.
- the object of the present invention is to provide a device for more easily determining the blood flow velocity and the ratio of blood flow velocity of large, medium-sized arteries and venous blood vessels from the inside of a blood vessel cavity based on the principle of sensing blood temperature changes, so that the arterial
- the system is used in large and medium vascular and clinical research work, and has the characteristics of simple structure and low safety cost.
- the device for measuring the blood flow velocity and the blood flow velocity ratio is a catheter that can be placed in the lumen of a blood vessel, and its surface has four places (a known distance from each other).
- a thermocouple that can detect changes in blood temperature, which can be connected to the interface through a wire, and the interface can be connected to an instrument that detects and records temperature changes.
- There are two openings on both sides of the place where the thermocouple is placed (the end hole at the front end of the catheter and the side hole at the rear end of the catheter), and connected to the injection port through a pipe.
- thermocouple When measuring the blood flow velocity and the change ratio of the blood flow velocity, when the catheter is placed against the blood flow direction, a 5% glucose injection solution of 0-5- ° C is injected from the front opening of the catheter, and the blood temperature drops there, and The blood that has dropped in temperature passes through the four parts of the catheter where the thermocouple is placed.
- the catheter When the catheter is placed in the direction of blood flow, the 5% glucose injection solution of 0-5 ° C is inserted from the rear side hole of the catheter.
- the temperature of the blood drops at this place, and the blood of which the temperature drops also flows along the blood through the four parts where the thermocouple is placed on the catheter; use the blood flow to pass through two selected combinations of the four points (in the place where the thermocouple is placed).
- the two parts of the four parts in the selected combination) are divided by the known distance between the two points to calculate the instantaneous blood flow of the artery or vein speed. Because there are thermocouples that can detect changes in blood temperature at four places on the surface of the catheter (a known distance), the instantaneous blood flow velocity (instantaneous blood flow velocity A and Instantaneous blood flow velocity B). Divide the instant blood flow velocity A by the instant blood flow velocity B to obtain the instant blood flow velocity ratio.
- the invention only needs to replace the thermistor at the original Swan-Ganz catheter thermistor place with a thermocouple, and install three sets of temperature change sensing circuits (including the thermocouple and the wires connected to it) at the rear end of the thermistor.
- the blood flow velocity and the blood flow velocity ratio can be directly detected from the vascular cavity of the large and medium arteries and veins, and the calculation process of the blood flow velocity and the blood flow velocity ratio can be simplified. At the same time, it has the characteristics of simple operation, safety, reliability and low cost.
- FIG. 1 The drawing is a perspective view (FIG. 1) and a working principle diagram (FIG. 2, FIG. 3) of a device for measuring blood flow velocity and a blood flow velocity change rate according to the present invention.
- FIG. 2 a working principle diagram
- This device is a special catheter with one end hole (1) at the front end, which is connected to the injection hole (2) through a pipe, and thermocouples (3, 4, 5, respectively) are arranged at different distances from the end hole of the catheter. 6)
- the wires connected to it are connected to the interface (7, 8, 9, 10), and the interface can be connected to the instrument that detects and records the temperature change.
- thermocouple On the other side of the conduit where the thermocouple is located, there is a side hole (11), which is connected to the liquid injection hole (12) through a pipe ( Figure 1).
- a certain amount of 0-5 ° C 5% glucose injection solution is injected from the catheter injection port (2), and the glucose injection solution is opened through the front end of the catheter (1) Entering the blood vessel, the temperature of the blood drops there, and the blood with the temperature decreasing passes through the four parts (3, 4, 5, 6) where the thermocouple is placed;
- Figure 3 an amount of injection from the injection port of the catheter (12) 0- 5 ° C in 5% dextrose injection, dextrose injection rear end side of the hole (11) through the catheter into the blood vessel, where the blood temperature drop And the temperature of the blood that has dropped has also flowed through the four parts (6, 5, 4, 3) where the thermocouple is located; through the connection line through the interface (10
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Abstract
An appartus for determining flow rate and velocity ratio comprises a catherter and four thermocouples, which are located adjacent the exterior of said catheter. The catheter is placed in an artery or a vein. When 5% dextrose solution at 0~5°C is injected through the end pore or the side pore of the catheter, the blood-injectate mixture at lower temperature flows over successively four points each of which has a thermocouple. To select two points from the four. Instantaneous flow rate A and B of the two points can be calculated by means of the known distance between said two points and the time spend by the blood-injectate mixture flowing over the two points, then instantaneous velocity ratio also can be obtained according to the instantaneous flow rate A and B.
Description
一种测定血流速度及其血流速度比值的装置 技术领域 Device for measuring blood flow velocity and blood flow velocity ratio
本发明涉及一种从血管腔内测定血流速度及其血流速度比值的装置。 The invention relates to a device for measuring a blood flow velocity and a blood flow velocity ratio thereof from a blood vessel cavity.
在动脉和静脉系统的大， 中型血管的基 和临床研究中， 常需要了解 血管的功能状态， 其中血流速度是重要指标之一。 以往大、 中型动脉和静 脉血管的血流速度测定有三种主要方法： 1.利用超声多普勒原理用超声多 普勒仪的超声探头探查血流速度； 2.利用电磁流量原理探查探头安置部位 处其血流量， 再根据该处血管横切面积计算出平均血流速度； 3.利用血液 温度变化感知原理， 用安置有热敏电阻的 Swan-Ganz导管探查血流速度。 目前， 常用的、 从血管腔内测定血流速度的方法是超声多普勒法， 该方法 是将超声多普勒仪的超声探头作成导管置入血管腔内， 利用超声多普勒原 理探查血流速度， 但由于这种探头制造工艺复杂， 价格昂贵， 在基础和临 床研究工作中难以推广。 另一种从血管腔内测定血流速度的方法是血液温 度变化感知法， 该方法是将在导管前端安置有热敏电阻的 Swan-Ganz导管 定位于肺动脉内， 通过感知血液温度变化， 产生电位变化， 得出温度稀释 曲线， 并计算出肺动脉血流速度。 该血流速度测定法仅能测定肺动脉平均 血流速度， 且从温度稀释曲线计算肺动脉血流速度的计算过程复杂。 发明内容 In basic and clinical research of large and medium vessels of the arterial and venous systems, it is often necessary to understand the functional status of the blood vessels, among which blood flow velocity is one of the important indicators. In the past, there were three main methods for measuring the blood flow velocity of large and medium-sized arteries and venous vessels: 1. Use the ultrasonic Doppler principle to detect the blood flow velocity with the ultrasonic probe of the ultrasonic Doppler; 2. use the principle of electromagnetic flow to probe the location of the probe The blood flow was calculated, and the average blood flow velocity was calculated based on the cross-sectional area of the blood vessel there. 3. Using the principle of blood temperature change sensing, the Swan-Ganz catheter equipped with a thermistor was used to detect the blood flow velocity. At present, a commonly used method for measuring blood flow velocity from a blood vessel cavity is an ultrasonic Doppler method. This method uses an ultrasonic probe of an ultrasonic Doppler apparatus as a catheter to be placed in a blood vessel cavity, and uses the principle of ultrasonic Doppler to detect blood. Flow velocity, but due to the complicated manufacturing process and expensive price of this probe, it is difficult to promote in basic and clinical research work. Another method for measuring the blood flow velocity from the blood vessel cavity is the blood temperature change sensing method. This method locates a Swan-Ganz catheter with a thermistor at the front end of the catheter in the pulmonary artery, and generates a potential by sensing the change in blood temperature. Change, draw the temperature dilution curve, and calculate the pulmonary artery blood flow velocity. This blood flow velocity measurement method can only measure the average pulmonary blood flow velocity, and the calculation process of calculating the pulmonary blood flow velocity from the temperature dilution curve is complicated. Summary of the Invention
本发明的目的是要提供一种根据血液温度变化感知原理， 更为简便地 从血管腔内侧定大、 中型动脉和静脉血管的血流速度及其血流速度比值的 装置， 以便在动脉和静脉系统的大、 中型血管的 和临床研究工作中使 用， 同时具有结构筒单、 安全成本低的特点。 The object of the present invention is to provide a device for more easily determining the blood flow velocity and the ratio of blood flow velocity of large, medium-sized arteries and venous blood vessels from the inside of a blood vessel cavity based on the principle of sensing blood temperature changes, so that the arterial The system is used in large and medium vascular and clinical research work, and has the characteristics of simple structure and low safety cost.
本发明的目的是这样实现的： 该种测定血流速度及其血流速度比值的 装置是一根能置入血管腔内的导管， 其表面有四处（相距已知距离）安置 确认本
有能探查血液温度变化的热电偶， 其可通过导线与接口相连， 而接口可与 探查并记录温度变化的仪器相连。在安置有热电偶处的两侧的两个开口（导 管前端的端孔和导管后端的侧孔） , 并通过管道与注液口相连。 在测定血 流速度及其血流速度变化比值时， 当该导管逆血流方向放置时， 从导管的 前端开口注入 0-5-°C的 5%葡萄糖注射液， 该处血液温度下降， 且温度下降 的血液顺血流先后通过该导管上安置有热电偶的四个部位； 当导管顺血流 方向放置时， 从导管的后端侧孔入 0-5°C的 5%葡萄糖注射液， 该处血液温 度下降， 且温度下降的血液亦顺血流先后通过该导管上安置有热电偶的四 个部位； 用血流通过这四点中选定組合的两点 （在安置有热电偶的四个部 位中选定组合的两个部位）所需时间 （两条依时间先后出现的温度变化曲 线） 除以这两点间已知距离， 可计算出该条动脉或静脉血管的瞬时血流速 度。 由于该导管表面有四处（相距已知距离）安置有能探查血液温度变化 的热电偶， 因此， 可同时探测到该条动脉或静脉血管两个部位的瞬时血流 速度 (瞬时血流速度 A和瞬时血流速度 B ) ， 用瞬时血流速度 A除以瞬时 血流速度 B可得到瞬时血流速度比值。 The purpose of the present invention is achieved as follows: The device for measuring the blood flow velocity and the blood flow velocity ratio is a catheter that can be placed in the lumen of a blood vessel, and its surface has four places (a known distance from each other). There is a thermocouple that can detect changes in blood temperature, which can be connected to the interface through a wire, and the interface can be connected to an instrument that detects and records temperature changes. There are two openings on both sides of the place where the thermocouple is placed (the end hole at the front end of the catheter and the side hole at the rear end of the catheter), and connected to the injection port through a pipe. When measuring the blood flow velocity and the change ratio of the blood flow velocity, when the catheter is placed against the blood flow direction, a 5% glucose injection solution of 0-5- ° C is injected from the front opening of the catheter, and the blood temperature drops there, and The blood that has dropped in temperature passes through the four parts of the catheter where the thermocouple is placed. When the catheter is placed in the direction of blood flow, the 5% glucose injection solution of 0-5 ° C is inserted from the rear side hole of the catheter. The temperature of the blood drops at this place, and the blood of which the temperature drops also flows along the blood through the four parts where the thermocouple is placed on the catheter; use the blood flow to pass through two selected combinations of the four points (in the place where the thermocouple is placed). The two parts of the four parts in the selected combination) the time required (the two temperature change curves that appear in time) are divided by the known distance between the two points to calculate the instantaneous blood flow of the artery or vein speed. Because there are thermocouples that can detect changes in blood temperature at four places on the surface of the catheter (a known distance), the instantaneous blood flow velocity (instantaneous blood flow velocity A and Instantaneous blood flow velocity B). Divide the instant blood flow velocity A by the instant blood flow velocity B to obtain the instant blood flow velocity ratio.
本发明只需要将原 Swan-Ganz导管热敏电阻安置处的热敏电阻用热电 偶替代， 并在其后端再安置三套温度变化感知电路（包括热电偶及与其相 连的导线） ， 就可以直接从大、 中型动脉和静脉的血管腔内探测血流速度 及其血流速度比值， 并可简化血流速度及其血流速度比值的计算过程。 同 时具有操作简便、 安全可靠、 成本低的特点。 The invention only needs to replace the thermistor at the original Swan-Ganz catheter thermistor place with a thermocouple, and install three sets of temperature change sensing circuits (including the thermocouple and the wires connected to it) at the rear end of the thermistor. The blood flow velocity and the blood flow velocity ratio can be directly detected from the vascular cavity of the large and medium arteries and veins, and the calculation process of the blood flow velocity and the blood flow velocity ratio can be simplified. At the same time, it has the characteristics of simple operation, safety, reliability and low cost.
本发明的具体结构由以下的实施例及其附图 （图 1 , 图 2, 图）给出。 附图说明 The specific structure of the present invention is given by the following embodiments and their drawings (FIG. 1, FIG. 2, FIG.). BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
附图是 居本发明提出的测定血流速度及其血流速度变化率装置的透 视图 （图 1 )及工作原理图 （图 2, 图 3 ) 。 具体实施方式 下面结合附图详细说明依据本发明提出的具体装置的细节及工作情
况。该装置是一根特殊的导管，其前端有一端孔 (1),其通过管道与注液孔 (2) 相连， 在距离导管端孔不同距离处分别安置有热电偶 (3, 4, 5, 6)与其相连的 导线与接口（7, 8, 9, 10)相连， 而接口可与探查并记录温度变化的仪器相连。 另在安置有热电偶的该导管的另一侧， 有一侧孔 (11), 其通过管道与注液 孔 (12)相连（图 1 ) 。 当导管逆血流方向 (13)放置（图 2 ) 时， 从导管注液 口 (2)注入一定量的 0-5°C的 5%葡萄糖注射液， 葡萄糖注射液经导管前端开 口（1)进入血管内， 该处血液温度下降， 且温度下降的血液顺血流先后通过 安置有热电偶的四个部位 (3, 4, 5， 6); 当导管顺血流方向（14)放置（图 3 ) 时， 从导管注液口（12)注入一定量的 0-5°C的 5%葡萄糖注射液， 葡萄糖注 射液经导管的后端侧孔 (11)进入血管内， 该处血液温度下降， 且温度下降 的血液亦顺血流先后通过安置有热电偶的四个部位 (6, 5, 4, 3); 通过连接线 经接口（10, 9, 8, 7)与探查并记录温度变化的仪器相连， 依时间选后记录出 四条温度变化曲线， 用血流通过选定组合的两点 [(3, 4)或 (5, 6)]所需时间除 以选定组合的这两点 [(3, 4)或 (5, 6)]间已知距离， 可计算出该条动脉或静脉 血管的两个部位的瞬时血流速度 (瞬时血流速度 A和瞬时血流速度 B ) , 用瞬时血流速度 A除以瞬时血流速度 B可得到瞬时血流速度比值。
The drawing is a perspective view (FIG. 1) and a working principle diagram (FIG. 2, FIG. 3) of a device for measuring blood flow velocity and a blood flow velocity change rate according to the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS The details and working conditions of a specific device according to the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings. Situation. This device is a special catheter with one end hole (1) at the front end, which is connected to the injection hole (2) through a pipe, and thermocouples (3, 4, 5, respectively) are arranged at different distances from the end hole of the catheter. 6) The wires connected to it are connected to the interface (7, 8, 9, 10), and the interface can be connected to the instrument that detects and records the temperature change. In addition, on the other side of the conduit where the thermocouple is located, there is a side hole (11), which is connected to the liquid injection hole (12) through a pipe (Figure 1). When the catheter is placed in the reverse blood flow direction (13) (Figure 2), a certain amount of 0-5 ° C 5% glucose injection solution is injected from the catheter injection port (2), and the glucose injection solution is opened through the front end of the catheter (1) Entering the blood vessel, the temperature of the blood drops there, and the blood with the temperature decreasing passes through the four parts (3, 4, 5, 6) where the thermocouple is placed; when the catheter is placed in the direction of blood flow (14) (Figure) 3), an amount of injection from the injection port of the catheter (12) 0- 5 ° C in 5% dextrose injection, dextrose injection rear end side of the hole (11) through the catheter into the blood vessel, where the blood temperature drop And the temperature of the blood that has dropped has also flowed through the four parts (6, 5, 4, 3) where the thermocouple is located; through the connection line through the interface (10, 9, 8, 7) and probe and record the temperature change Connected to the instrument, record four temperature change curves after selecting according to time, divide the time required for the blood flow to pass through the two points of the selected combination [(3, 4) or (5, 6)] by the two points of the selected combination [(3, 4) or (5, 6)] known distance, can calculate the instantaneous blood flow velocity (instantaneous blood flow velocity A and instant Blood flow velocity B), A flow velocity divided by the instantaneous flow velocity instantaneous instantaneous flow velocity ratio B can be obtained.
Claims
1. 一种测定血流速度及其血流速度比值的装置， 该装置由安置有探 查血液温度变化的热电偶的导管构成， 其特征在于： 该导管上有相距已知 距离的四处安置有探查血液温度变化的热电偶 (3, 4, 5， 6), 其可通过导线与 接口（7, 8, 9, 10)相连， 而接口可与探查并记录温度变化的仪器相连， 在安 置有热电偶处的两侧有两个开口， 即导管前端的端孔 (1)和导管后端的侧孔 (11), 并通过管道与注液口 (2, 12)相连。 1. A device for measuring blood flow velocity and a ratio of blood flow velocity, the device comprising a catheter in which a thermocouple for detecting a change in blood temperature is installed, characterized in that: the catheter is provided with a probe at four places at a known distance Thermocouples (3, 4, 5, 6) for blood temperature changes, which can be connected to the interface (7, 8, 9, 10) through a wire, and the interface can be connected to an instrument that detects and records temperature changes. There are two openings on both sides of the couple, that is, the end hole (1) at the front end of the catheter and the side hole (11) at the rear end of the catheter, which are connected to the injection port (2, 12) through a pipe.
2. 根据权利要求 1 所述的一种测定血流速度及其血流速度比值的装 置， 其四处安置有热电偶， 热电偶安置处相距一定距离。
2. The device for measuring the blood flow velocity and the blood flow velocity ratio according to claim 1, wherein thermocouples are arranged at four places, and the thermocouples are arranged at a certain distance from each other.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 01129820 CN1358478A (en) | 2001-10-29 | 2001-10-29 | Apparatus for measuring blood flow velocity and rate |
| CN01129820.0 | 2001-10-29 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2003037180A1 true WO2003037180A1 (en) | 2003-05-08 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/CN2002/000747 WO2003037180A1 (en) | 2001-10-29 | 2002-10-23 | Appartus for determining flow rate and velocity ratio of blood |
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| CN (1) | CN1358478A (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2003037180A1 (en) |
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| US11553852B2 (en) * | 2011-06-01 | 2023-01-17 | Koninklijke Philips N.V. | System for distributed blood flow measurement |
| CN109788921B (en) * | 2016-09-28 | 2023-04-04 | 皇家飞利浦有限公司 | System for determining blood flow |
Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB2108675A (en) * | 1981-10-23 | 1983-05-18 | Draegerwerk Ag | Measuring probe |
| US4901734A (en) * | 1987-08-17 | 1990-02-20 | Nova Medical Specialties | Dual-thermistor thermodilution catheter |
| WO1993015652A1 (en) * | 1992-02-07 | 1993-08-19 | Interflo Medical, Inc. | A thermodilution catheter having a safe, flexible heating element |
| CN2424743Y (en) * | 2000-02-29 | 2001-03-28 | 邱汉婴 | Device for measuring blood flow rate |
| CN2432891Y (en) * | 2000-02-29 | 2001-06-06 | 邱汉婴 | Device for measuring left heart cardiac output |
-
2001
- 2001-10-29 CN CN 01129820 patent/CN1358478A/en active Pending
-
2002
- 2002-10-23 WO PCT/CN2002/000747 patent/WO2003037180A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB2108675A (en) * | 1981-10-23 | 1983-05-18 | Draegerwerk Ag | Measuring probe |
| US4901734A (en) * | 1987-08-17 | 1990-02-20 | Nova Medical Specialties | Dual-thermistor thermodilution catheter |
| WO1993015652A1 (en) * | 1992-02-07 | 1993-08-19 | Interflo Medical, Inc. | A thermodilution catheter having a safe, flexible heating element |
| CN2424743Y (en) * | 2000-02-29 | 2001-03-28 | 邱汉婴 | Device for measuring blood flow rate |
| CN2432891Y (en) * | 2000-02-29 | 2001-06-06 | 邱汉婴 | Device for measuring left heart cardiac output |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN1358478A (en) | 2002-07-17 |
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