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WO2003036355A1 - Systemes de commutateurs optiques utilisant des modules de commutateurs a selection de longueurs d'ondes basee sur un reseau a guides d'ondes - Google Patents

Systemes de commutateurs optiques utilisant des modules de commutateurs a selection de longueurs d'ondes basee sur un reseau a guides d'ondes Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2003036355A1
WO2003036355A1 PCT/US2002/033341 US0233341W WO03036355A1 WO 2003036355 A1 WO2003036355 A1 WO 2003036355A1 US 0233341 W US0233341 W US 0233341W WO 03036355 A1 WO03036355 A1 WO 03036355A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
wavelength
selective
waveguide
switch
optical
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US2002/033341
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Jianjun Zhang
Peiching Ling
Jinliang Chen
Ming Xu
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Integrated Optics Communications Corporation
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Publication date
Application filed by Integrated Optics Communications Corporation filed Critical Integrated Optics Communications Corporation
Priority to EP02789215A priority Critical patent/EP1438619A4/fr
Priority to CN02820904.4A priority patent/CN1751254A/zh
Publication of WO2003036355A1 publication Critical patent/WO2003036355A1/fr

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
    • G02B6/26—Optical coupling means
    • G02B6/35—Optical coupling means having switching means
    • G02B6/3502—Optical coupling means having switching means involving direct waveguide displacement, e.g. cantilever type waveguide displacement involving waveguide bending, or displacing an interposed waveguide between stationary waveguides
    • G02B6/3508—Lateral or transverse displacement of the whole waveguides, e.g. by varying the distance between opposed waveguide ends, or by mutual lateral displacement of opposed waveguide ends
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/10—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type
    • G02B6/12—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type of the integrated circuit kind
    • G02B6/12004—Combinations of two or more optical elements
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/10—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type
    • G02B6/12—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type of the integrated circuit kind
    • G02B6/12007—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type of the integrated circuit kind forming wavelength selective elements, e.g. multiplexer, demultiplexer
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/10—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type
    • G02B6/12—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type of the integrated circuit kind
    • G02B6/122—Basic optical elements, e.g. light-guiding paths
    • G02B6/124—Geodesic lenses or integrated gratings
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/10—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type
    • G02B6/12—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type of the integrated circuit kind
    • G02B6/122—Basic optical elements, e.g. light-guiding paths
    • G02B6/125—Bends, branchings or intersections
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
    • G02B6/26—Optical coupling means
    • G02B6/28—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals
    • G02B6/2804—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals forming multipart couplers without wavelength selective elements, e.g. "T" couplers, star couplers
    • G02B6/2821—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals forming multipart couplers without wavelength selective elements, e.g. "T" couplers, star couplers using lateral coupling between contiguous fibres to split or combine optical signals
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
    • G02B6/26—Optical coupling means
    • G02B6/28—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals
    • G02B6/293—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals with wavelength selective means
    • G02B6/29304—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals with wavelength selective means operating by diffraction, e.g. grating
    • G02B6/29316—Light guides comprising a diffractive element, e.g. grating in or on the light guide such that diffracted light is confined in the light guide
    • G02B6/29317—Light guides of the optical fibre type
    • G02B6/29319—With a cascade of diffractive elements or of diffraction operations
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
    • G02B6/26—Optical coupling means
    • G02B6/28—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals
    • G02B6/293—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals with wavelength selective means
    • G02B6/29331—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals with wavelength selective means operating by evanescent wave coupling
    • G02B6/29332—Wavelength selective couplers, i.e. based on evanescent coupling between light guides, e.g. fused fibre couplers with transverse coupling between fibres having different propagation constant wavelength dependency
    • G02B6/29334—Grating-assisted evanescent light guide couplers, i.e. comprising grating at or functionally associated with the coupling region between the light guides, e.g. with a grating positioned where light fields overlap in the coupler
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
    • G02B6/26—Optical coupling means
    • G02B6/35—Optical coupling means having switching means
    • G02B6/3536—Optical coupling means having switching means involving evanescent coupling variation, e.g. by a moving element such as a membrane which changes the effective refractive index
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
    • G02B6/42—Coupling light guides with opto-electronic elements
    • G02B6/4201—Packages, e.g. shape, construction, internal or external details
    • G02B6/4204—Packages, e.g. shape, construction, internal or external details the coupling comprising intermediate optical elements, e.g. lenses, holograms
    • G02B6/4215—Packages, e.g. shape, construction, internal or external details the coupling comprising intermediate optical elements, e.g. lenses, holograms the intermediate optical elements being wavelength selective optical elements, e.g. variable wavelength optical modules or wavelength lockers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04Q—SELECTING
    • H04Q11/00—Selecting arrangements for multiplex systems
    • H04Q11/0001—Selecting arrangements for multiplex systems using optical switching
    • H04Q11/0005—Switch and router aspects
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/10—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type
    • G02B6/12—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type of the integrated circuit kind
    • G02B2006/12083—Constructional arrangements
    • G02B2006/12107—Grating
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/10—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type
    • G02B6/12—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type of the integrated circuit kind
    • G02B2006/12133—Functions
    • G02B2006/12145—Switch
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
    • G02B6/26—Optical coupling means
    • G02B6/28—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals
    • G02B6/2804—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals forming multipart couplers without wavelength selective elements, e.g. "T" couplers, star couplers
    • G02B6/2852—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals forming multipart couplers without wavelength selective elements, e.g. "T" couplers, star couplers using tapping light guides arranged sidewardly, e.g. in a non-parallel relationship with respect to the bus light guides (light extraction or launching through cladding, with or without surface discontinuities, bent structures)
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
    • G02B6/26—Optical coupling means
    • G02B6/35—Optical coupling means having switching means
    • G02B6/354—Switching arrangements, i.e. number of input/output ports and interconnection types
    • G02B6/3544—2D constellations, i.e. with switching elements and switched beams located in a plane
    • G02B6/3546—NxM switch, i.e. a regular array of switches elements of matrix type constellation
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
    • G02B6/26—Optical coupling means
    • G02B6/35—Optical coupling means having switching means
    • G02B6/3564—Mechanical details of the actuation mechanism associated with the moving element or mounting mechanism details
    • G02B6/3568—Mechanical details of the actuation mechanism associated with the moving element or mounting mechanism details characterised by the actuating force
    • G02B6/357—Electrostatic force
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04Q—SELECTING
    • H04Q11/00—Selecting arrangements for multiplex systems
    • H04Q11/0001—Selecting arrangements for multiplex systems using optical switching
    • H04Q11/0005—Switch and router aspects
    • H04Q2011/0007—Construction
    • H04Q2011/0016—Construction using wavelength multiplexing or demultiplexing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04Q—SELECTING
    • H04Q11/00—Selecting arrangements for multiplex systems
    • H04Q11/0001—Selecting arrangements for multiplex systems using optical switching
    • H04Q11/0005—Switch and router aspects
    • H04Q2011/0007—Construction
    • H04Q2011/0024—Construction using space switching
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04Q—SELECTING
    • H04Q11/00—Selecting arrangements for multiplex systems
    • H04Q11/0001—Selecting arrangements for multiplex systems using optical switching
    • H04Q11/0005—Switch and router aspects
    • H04Q2011/0007—Construction
    • H04Q2011/0032—Construction using static wavelength routers (e.g. arrayed waveguide grating router [AWGR] )
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04Q—SELECTING
    • H04Q11/00—Selecting arrangements for multiplex systems
    • H04Q11/0001—Selecting arrangements for multiplex systems using optical switching
    • H04Q11/0005—Switch and router aspects
    • H04Q2011/0037—Operation
    • H04Q2011/0049—Crosstalk reduction; Noise; Power budget
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04Q—SELECTING
    • H04Q11/00—Selecting arrangements for multiplex systems
    • H04Q11/0001—Selecting arrangements for multiplex systems using optical switching
    • H04Q11/0005—Switch and router aspects
    • H04Q2011/0052—Interconnection of switches
    • H04Q2011/0058—Crossbar; Matrix

Definitions

  • This invention relates generally to optical switching systems, and more particularly, to a method and apparatus for routing input signals into all possible output combinations by using waveguide grating-based wavelength selective switch modules.
  • optical switching and signal transmission systems are limited to optical switching of an entire spectrum without wavelength differentiation or selection. Due to the lack of wavelength selection, an optical switch must frequently operate in conjunction with a demultiplexer and multiplexer to achieve routing of optical signals having different wavelengths to different ports. This requirement leads to more complicated system configurations, higher manufacture and maintenance costs, and lower system reliability. For this reason, even though optical switches are advantageous because the optical signals are switched entirely in the optical domain without converting them into the electrical domain, the cost and size of such optical switches can be prohibitive for many applications.
  • MEMS micro electromechanical systems
  • liquid crystals thermal-optics
  • holograms acousto-optic
  • acousto-optic acousto-optic
  • MEMS is emerging to be the most promising technology, thanks to its potential for economical mass production, as well as its reliability in a wide range of applications.
  • the other technologies are still in the experimental stage and will require years of development to become reliable enough for commercial applications.
  • Mechanical-type MEMS-based switches use arrays of miniaturized mirrors fabricated on a single chip. The optical signal is reflected off this tiny mirror in order to change the transmission channel.
  • Micro-fluidic-type MEMS-based switches on the other hand, have no moving mirrors. Rather, they rely on the movement of bubbles in micro-machined channels.
  • Mechanical-type MEMS-based switches can be further classified into two categories according to mirror movement: two-dimensional (2-D) switches and three-dimensional (3-D) switches.
  • 2-D switches the mirrors are only able to execute a two-position operation - that is, the mirrors can move either up and down or side by side.
  • 3-D switches the mirrors can assume a variety of positions by swiveling along multiple axes.
  • micro-fluidic-type, MEMS-based switches by combining its micro-fluidics and ink-jet printing technology.
  • an index-matching fluid is used to select and switch wavelengths. This fluid enables transmission in a first, normal condition.
  • a thermal ink-jet element creates a bubble in the fluid in a trench located at the intersection between the input wave-guide and the desired output wave-guide, reflecting the light by total internal reflection.
  • a common drawback of both of these two types of MEMS-based switches is the requirement to work with external de-multiplexing and re-multiplexing systems in order to function properly in an optical networking system.
  • the requirements of implementing de-multiplexing and re-multiplexing functions add tremendous complexities to the system configuration and significantly increase the cost of manufacture, system installation, and maintenance of the optical network systems.
  • Another drawback of both of these two types of MEMS-based switches is that these prior art switching systems are not wavelength selective switches. In other words, the switching systems cannot selectively switch a particular wavelength from an input waveguide to a desired output waveguide. In short, they are not wavelength discriminating devices.
  • a Bragg grating In order to have wavelength discrimination, a Bragg grating has been shown to have excellent wavelength selection characteristics. A Bragg grating behaves as a wavelength-selective filter, reflecting a narrow band of wavelengths, while transmitting all other wavelengths.
  • the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) has developed a technology for building Bragg grating devices in planar optical waveguides. These so-called integrated Bragg gratings offer many advantages over the fiber Bragg grating, according to MIT. Therefore, a need exists to provide an innovative method for constructing
  • the improved optical switch be able to eliminate unbalanced power loss, be simple to manufacture,, have low insertion loss and power consumption, and be reliable.
  • the present invention discloses methods and apparatus for constructing optical switch systems. These methods and apparatus greatly simplify the structure of large-scale optical switches, compared with known approaches. The methods and apparatus also provide advantages of configuration flexibility, modular construction, constant signal loss, and minimal required numbers of switch units.
  • the optical switch systems are built upon the optical switch modules - another embodiment of this invention.
  • the switch systems comprise MxN switch modules and the switch module in turn comprises a two-dimensional waveguide array and a number of waveguide grating-based wavelength selective switches.
  • the optical switch module is very flexible in its applications. It can be used as a matrix switch, a de-multiplexer, or a re-multiplexer.
  • the optical switch systems disclosed in this invention requires a relatively small amount of switch units to extend into a very-large-scale switch system.
  • the optical switch systems also eliminate unbalanced power loss, simplify the fabrication and packaging processes, reduce the insertion loss and power consumption, and further improve overall reliability.
  • the switch system constructed by the method disclosed performs the de-multiplexing and re-multiplexing functions inherently. Therefore, in one embodiment, no external de-multiplexers and complicated re-multiplexers are needed to form an optical switching functional block. The size and cost of the optical switches are significantly reduced. BRIEF DESCRIPTIONS OF THE DRAWINGS
  • Figure 1A illustrates the coupling principle of the Bragg grating-based wavelength-selective optical switch, which is used in this invention as a switch unit;
  • Figure IB is a diagram showing the operation and functions of the Bragg grating-based, wavelength-selective optical switch;
  • Figures 2A and 2B are schematic diagrams of a wavelength selective switch module of this invention;
  • Figures 3 A and 3B illustrate an arrangement of serial configurations of optical switch systems of this invention
  • Figures 4A, 4B, and 4C illustrate an alterative embodiment of parallel configurations of optical switch systems of this invention.
  • a MEMS-actuated highly integrated wavelength intelligent switch is described in commonly assigned and co-pending U.S. Patent Application Serial No. 60/338,927 entitled "WAVEGUIDE GRATING-BASED WAVELENGTH SELECTIVE SWITCH ACTUATED BY MICRO-ELECTROMECHANICAL SYSTEM” to Zhang et al., which is incorporated by reference in its entirety herein.
  • the switch is fabricated on a silicon substrate using planar-lightwave-circuit (PLC) and MEMS technologies.
  • PLC planar-lightwave-circuit
  • the switching action is based on electrostatic bending of a part of waveguide with built-in integrated Bragg gratings.
  • the waveguide with integrated Bragg gratings referred to as a "Bridge Waveguide", functions as a switching element.
  • FIG. 1A shows the coupling between a first waveguide WG-1 and a coupling waveguide WG-C.
  • the coupling waveguide has reflective-type Bragg gratings on a portion coupled to the first waveguide WG-1.
  • An optical signal with multiplexed channels represented by wavelengths ⁇ i, ⁇ _, ⁇ 3 , ..., ⁇ i, ..., ⁇ tile is transmitted in the first waveguide WG-1.
  • an optical signal of wavelength ⁇ j is reflected to the coupling waveguide WG-C while the remaining portion of the optical signal ⁇ i, _, ⁇ 3 , ..., ⁇ i. ⁇ , ⁇ ; + ⁇ ,..., ⁇ utilizated
  • Figure IB illustrates the operation and function of the optical switch.
  • a multiplexed optical signal is transmitted from WG-1 is wavelength selectively reflected to the coupling waveguide WG-C with an optical transmission of ⁇ i.
  • the reflected signal ⁇ ; transmitted into the coupling waveguide WG-C is again reflected and transmitted into the second waveguide WG-2.
  • the switching action is based on electrostatically moving WG-C close to or away from WG-1 and WG-2.
  • the coupling waveguide WG-C is electrostatically bent close enough to WG-1 and WG-2, the wavelength, which meets the Bragg phase-matching condition, is coupled from WG-1 to WG-2. Through WG- C, the selected wavelength is then directed into WG-2.
  • the switch described in Figure IB can be fabricated on a silicon substrate using planar-lightwave-circuit (PLC) and MEMS technologies. A plurality of these switch units can be built and integrated on the same substrate. Therefore, a compact optical switch system can be built based on these switches.
  • FIGS. 2A and 2B are planar-lightwave-circuit (PLC) and MEMS technologies. A plurality of these switch units can be built and integrated on the same substrate. Therefore, a compact optical switch system can be built based on these switches.
  • Figure 2A is a schematic diagram for showing the functions of a two- dimensional wavelength selective switching system by using a 4 x 5 (4 columns and 5 row matrix) optical switch module 10.
  • the horizontal waveguide 110(0) is an input waveguide for receiving an input optical signal that includes four multiplexed wavelengths ⁇ i, ⁇ , ⁇ , and >.
  • a grating-based switch 130(i, j) is disposed on each of the switching intersections between a horizontal and vertical waveguides 110(j) and
  • the input waveguide 110(0) receives a multiple-channel optical signal is represented by ⁇ i, ⁇ , ⁇ 3
  • the wavelength selective grating switches 130(i, j) disposed on the intersections of waveguides 110(i) and 120(j) may be selectively activated. The method and configuration for activating the grating switches will be further described below.
  • Figure 2 A shows the grating switches 130(4, 1), 130(2, 2) and 130(3, 3) and 130(4, 4) are activated.
  • the output signal on waveguide 110(2) has a signal with wavelength ⁇ .
  • the output signal on waveguide 110(3) has a signal with wavelength ⁇ 3 .
  • the output signal on waveguide 110(4) has a signal with wavelength ⁇ i and ⁇ -t.
  • an optical switch operator is provided a large degree of flexibility to alternatively activating different combinations of grating switches to generate output signals of different combination of wavelengths without requiring a re-multiplexing (REMUX) process
  • An optical port is also provided for connecting to residual input signal detector 175
  • the residual signal detectors are disposed at the terminations of the vertical waveguides 120(j) and at the termination of input horizontal waveguide 110(0)
  • the residual signal detectors are typically employed for detecting the conditions of operation to determine the functionality of the switching operations and signal levels through the residual signals
  • this switch system includes an input waveguide designated as waveguide WG(0), e g , 110(0), for receiving a multiplexed optical signal comprising optical signals transmitted over a plurality of wavelength channels represented by ⁇ i, ⁇ 2 , ⁇ 3 , , ⁇ cron , ⁇ whatsoever, where N is a positive integer wherein the input waveguide extending over a first direction
  • FIG. 2B is a schematic diagram of another optical switch using the same optical switch module 10.
  • additional optical signals represented by four wavelengths ° ⁇ , ° 2, ° ⁇ 3 , and ° ⁇ 4
  • the primary input signals ⁇ i, ⁇ _, ⁇ 3 , and X* can be switched and combined with those pass-through signals , , ° ⁇ 3 , and ° ⁇ 4.
  • This simple optical switch system demonstrates the functional flexibility of the optical switch module.
  • FIG. 3 A An arrangement of constructing a larger optical switch system is shown in Figure 3 A. In this arrangement each output port of a given optical switch module is connected to the pass-through inputs of next optical switch module. This is referred to as a series connection.
  • Each optical switch module shown in Figure 3 A performs similar functions as the optical switch module 10 described in Figures 2 A and 2B. With this serial-type of connecting, an optical switch system can be expanded easily.
  • FIG. 3B An example of implementation of this arrangement is shown in Figure 3B.
  • This optical switch system 3 comprises two optical switch modules 30, which function as 4x2 switches. With the ON-OFF setting indicated on Figure 3B, it can 1 1 1 1 1 "7 be seen that the input signals ⁇ i, ⁇ , ⁇ 3 , and ⁇ 4 on input 1 and ⁇ i, ⁇ 2 , ⁇ , and 2 ⁇ 4 on input 2 can be randomly selected and combined into output 1 and output 2.
  • This optical switch system 3 clearly demonstrates the flexibility and simplicity of the arrangement of this invention.
  • Another scale-up arrangement of constructing a larger optical switch system is shown in Figure 4A. This is referred to as a parallel connection. In this arrangement each output port of a given optical switch module is connected to the input ports of a particular output combiner.
  • the arrangement is to connect all the first outputs of all the optical switch modules to Output Combiner 1, all the second outputs of all the optical switch modules to Output Combiner 2, etc.
  • each optical switch module shown in Figure 4A performs similar functions as the optical switch module 10 described in Figures 2 A and 2B.
  • the output combiners function as multiplexers and therefore an optical switch module, with proper size, of this invention can be used to perform the function.
  • An example of implementation of this arrangement is shown in Figure 4B.
  • This optical switch system 4 comprises two optical switch modules 30, which function as 4x2 switches and two output combiners 35, which function as multiplexers.
  • the input signals ⁇ i, ⁇ , ⁇ 3 , and ⁇ 4 on input 1 and ⁇ i, ⁇ 2 , ⁇ 3 , and ⁇ 4 on input 2 can be randomly selected and combined into output 1 and output 2.
  • the major advantages of this arrangement is that any input signal will pass exactly two "ON" switches of its wavelength and therefore keep the insertion loss of each signal close to identical regardless of the size of the optical switch system. The power loss is also lower because the short optical path for all the input signals.
  • Figure 4C shows a full implementation of the parallel-type example as described in Figure 4B. In this implementation the same optical switch modules 30 are used as outputs combiners. This implementation by using only one type of optical switch module demonstrates another advantage of simplicity of fabrication and flexibility of configurations.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Use Of Switch Circuits For Exchanges And Methods Of Control Of Multiplex Exchanges (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne des procédés et appareils pour la fabrication de systèmes de commutateurs optiques, dans lesquels tous les signaux optiques d'entrée peuvent être acheminés vers n'importe lequel des ports de sortie. Les procédés et appareils présentent des avantages de flexibilité de configuration, de modularité de construction, une perte de signal constante et un nombre minimal d'unités de commutation requises. Les systèmes de commutateurs comprennent MxN modules de commutation. Le module de commutation lui-même comporte un réseau bidimensionnel de guide d'ondes et un certain nombre de commutateurs à sélection de longueurs d'onde basée sur réseau à guide d'ondes. Grâce à la capacité d'acheminement par sélection de longueurs d'onde procurée par les modules de commutation, les systèmes de commutateurs optiques nécessitent un nombre relativement limité d'unités de commutation pour se développer en un système de commutation à très grande échelle.
PCT/US2002/033341 2001-10-22 2002-10-18 Systemes de commutateurs optiques utilisant des modules de commutateurs a selection de longueurs d'ondes basee sur un reseau a guides d'ondes WO2003036355A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP02789215A EP1438619A4 (fr) 2001-10-22 2002-10-18 Systemes de commutateurs optiques utilisant des modules de commutateurs a selection de longueurs d'ondes basee sur un reseau a guides d'ondes
CN02820904.4A CN1751254A (zh) 2002-10-18 2002-10-18 利用波导光栅基波长选择交换模块的光交换系统

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US34892701P 2001-10-22 2001-10-22
US60/348,927 2001-10-22
US37380302P 2002-04-19 2002-04-19
US60/373,803 2002-04-19

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2003036355A1 true WO2003036355A1 (fr) 2003-05-01

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PCT/US2002/033341 WO2003036355A1 (fr) 2001-10-22 2002-10-18 Systemes de commutateurs optiques utilisant des modules de commutateurs a selection de longueurs d'ondes basee sur un reseau a guides d'ondes

Country Status (2)

Country Link
EP (1) EP1438619A4 (fr)
WO (1) WO2003036355A1 (fr)

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CN108732688A (zh) * 2017-04-24 2018-11-02 华为技术有限公司 一种光开关芯片及其控制方法、光开关矩阵

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US4013000A (en) * 1975-11-20 1977-03-22 Bell Telephone Laboratories, Incorporated Optical crossbar switching network
US6389189B1 (en) * 1998-10-23 2002-05-14 Corning Incorporated Fluid-encapsulated MEMS optical switch
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See also references of EP1438619A4 *

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN108732688A (zh) * 2017-04-24 2018-11-02 华为技术有限公司 一种光开关芯片及其控制方法、光开关矩阵

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP1438619A1 (fr) 2004-07-21
EP1438619A4 (fr) 2006-01-04

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