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WO2003035237A2 - Composes a utiliser comme tensioactifs - Google Patents

Composes a utiliser comme tensioactifs Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2003035237A2
WO2003035237A2 PCT/EP2002/011635 EP0211635W WO03035237A2 WO 2003035237 A2 WO2003035237 A2 WO 2003035237A2 EP 0211635 W EP0211635 W EP 0211635W WO 03035237 A2 WO03035237 A2 WO 03035237A2
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
formula
compound
compounds
solvate
salt
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2002/011635
Other languages
English (en)
Other versions
WO2003035237A3 (fr
Inventor
Brian Edgar Looker
Christopher James Lunniss
Alison Judith Redgrave
Original Assignee
Glaxo Group Limited
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Glaxo Group Limited filed Critical Glaxo Group Limited
Priority to EP02774728A priority Critical patent/EP1436007B1/fr
Priority to DE60203528T priority patent/DE60203528T2/de
Priority to JP2003537793A priority patent/JP4223954B2/ja
Priority to AT02774728T priority patent/ATE291928T1/de
Priority to AU2002340578A priority patent/AU2002340578A1/en
Priority to US10/492,606 priority patent/US7321059B2/en
Publication of WO2003035237A2 publication Critical patent/WO2003035237A2/fr
Publication of WO2003035237A3 publication Critical patent/WO2003035237A3/fr

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
    • A61K9/0012—Galenical forms characterised by the site of application
    • A61K9/007—Pulmonary tract; Aromatherapy
    • A61K9/0073—Sprays or powders for inhalation; Aerolised or nebulised preparations generated by other means than thermal energy
    • A61K9/008—Sprays or powders for inhalation; Aerolised or nebulised preparations generated by other means than thermal energy comprising drug dissolved or suspended in liquid propellant for inhalation via a pressurized metered dose inhaler [MDI]
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P11/00—Drugs for disorders of the respiratory system
    • A61P11/02—Nasal agents, e.g. decongestants
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P11/00—Drugs for disorders of the respiratory system
    • A61P11/06—Antiasthmatics
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P11/00—Drugs for disorders of the respiratory system
    • A61P11/08—Bronchodilators
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P29/00—Non-central analgesic, antipyretic or antiinflammatory agents, e.g. antirheumatic agents; Non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs [NSAID]
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P37/00—Drugs for immunological or allergic disorders
    • A61P37/08—Antiallergic agents
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K23/00—Use of substances as emulsifying, wetting, dispersing, or foam-producing agents
    • C09K23/007—Organic compounds containing halogen
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K23/00—Use of substances as emulsifying, wetting, dispersing, or foam-producing agents
    • C09K23/42—Ethers, e.g. polyglycol ethers of alcohols or phenols
    • C09K23/44—Ether carboxylic acids

Definitions

  • This invention relates to novel surfactants and aerosol formulations thereof for use in the administration of medicaments by inhalation.
  • the use of aerosols to administer medicaments has been known for several decades.
  • Such aerosols generally comprise the medicament, one or more chlorofluorocarbon propellants and either a surfactant or a co-solvent, such as ethanol.
  • a surfactant or a co-solvent such as ethanol.
  • the most commonly used aerosol propellants for medicaments have been propellant 11 (CCI3F) and/or propellant 114 (CF2CICF2CI) with propellant 12 (CCI2F2).
  • propellants are now believed to provoke the degradation of stratospheric ozone and there is thus a need to provide aerosol formulations for medicaments which employ so called “ozone-friendly" propellants.
  • a class of propellants which are believed to have minimal ozone-depleting effects in comparison to conventional chlorofluorocarbons comprise fluorocarbons and hydrogen- containing chlorofluorocarbons, and a number of medicinal aerosol formulations using such propellant systems are disclosed in, for example, EP0372777, WO91/04011, WO91/11173, WO91/11495 and WO91/14422.
  • These applications are all concerned with the preparation of pressurised aerosols for the administration of medicaments and seek to overcome the problems associated with the use of the new class of propellants, in particular the problems of stability associated with the pharmaceutical formulations prepared.
  • the applications all propose the addition of one or more of adjuvants such as alcohols, alkanes, dimethyl ether, surfactants (including fluorinated and non- fluorinated surfactants, carboxylic acids, polyethoxylates etc) and even conventional chlorofluorocarbon propellants in small amounts intended to minimise potential ozone damage.
  • adjuvants such as alcohols, alkanes, dimethyl ether, surfactants (including fluorinated and non- fluorinated surfactants, carboxylic acids, polyethoxylates etc) and even conventional chlorofluorocarbon propellants in small amounts intended to minimise potential ozone damage.
  • the prescribed dose of aerosol medication delivered from the MDI to the patient consistently meets the specifications claimed by the manufacturer and comply with the requirements of the FDA and other regulatory authorities. That is, every dose delivered from the can must be the same within close tolerances. Therefore it is important that the formulation be substantially homogenous throughout the administered dose at the time of actuation of the metering valve. It is also important the dose dispensed does not change substantially after storage.
  • fluorinated surfactants may be used to stabilise micronised drug suspensions in fluorocarbon propellants such as 1 ,1 ,1 ,2-tetrafluoroethane (P134a) or 1 ,1,1 ,2,3,3,3- heptafluoro-n-propane (P227), see for example US4352789, US5126123, US5376359, US application 09/580008, WO91/11173, WO91/14422, WO92/00062 and WO96/09816.
  • fluorocarbon propellants such as 1 ,1 ,1 ,2-tetrafluoroethane (P134a) or 1 ,1,1 ,2,3,3,3- heptafluoro-n-propane (P227)
  • WO92/00061 discloses non-fluorinated surfactants for use with fluorocarbon propellants.
  • novel non- fluorinated and low fluorine content compounds with good surfactant properties may be used to prepare novel aerosol formulations, and may be advantageous in terms of improving the stability of the aerosol formulation, reducing drug deposition, increasing shelf life and the like.
  • the compounds of the invention are adequately soluble in the fluorocarbon or hydrogen-containing chlorofluorocarbon propellants or mixtures thereof, obviating the need to use a polar adjuvant.
  • the invention provides a compound of the general formula (!)
  • n and N independently represent an integer 2 to 12; m 1 and m 2 independently represent an integer 1 to 15; and
  • R 1 and R 2 independently represent -(CO) x C 1-9 alkyl or -(CO) x C 1-9 fluoroalkyl, which fluoroalkyl moiety contains at least 1 fluorine atom and not more than 3 consecutive perfluorocarbon atoms wherein x represents 0 or 1.
  • n and N independently represent an integer 2 to 8, especially 3 to 6.
  • m 1 and m 2 independently represent an integer 2 to 10, especially 3 to 9.
  • R 1 and R 2 independently represent -(CO) x C 1-5 alkyl or -(CO) x C 1-5 fluoroalkyl, which fluoroalkyl moiety contains at least 1 fluorine atom and not more than 3 consecutive perfluorocarbon atoms. More preferably -C 1-3 alkyl optionally substituted by up to 3 fluorine atoms.
  • R 1 represents -C 1-3 alkyl (such as methyl, ethyl, propyl or isopropyl) or C 1-3 fluoroalkylCo-e alkylene- (such as -CHF 2 , -CF 3 , -CH 2 CF 3 , -CH 2 CF 2 CF 3 , -CF 2 CF 3 or -(CH 2 ) 3 CF 3 CF 3 ).
  • -CH 3 , -CF 3 , -CF 2 CF 3 or -CH 2 CF 3 more especially -CH 3 or -CH 2 CF 3 , particularly -CH 2 CF 3 .
  • R 2 represents -C 1-3 alkyl (such as methyl, ethyl, propyl or isopropyl) or C 1-3 fluoroalkylCo-e alkylene- (such as -CHF 2 , -CF 3 , -CH 2 CF 3 , -CH 2 CF 2 CF 3 , -CF 2 CF 3 or -(CH 2 ) 3 CF 3 CF 3 ).
  • -CH 3 , -CF 3 , -CF 2 CF 3 or -CH 2 CF 3 more especially -CH 3 or -CH 2 CF 3 , particularly -CH 2 CF 3 .
  • Salts include alkali metal salts such as sodium and potassium and tertiary alkyl ammonium salts such as tert-butyl ammonium.
  • the invention provides a pharmaceutical aerosol formulation which comprises a particulate medicament, a fluorocarbon or hydrogen-containing chlorofluorocarbon propellant, or mixtures thereof, and a compound of formula (I) as described above.
  • Surfactant compounds according to the invention may also be useful in solution formulations, for example, to aid the lubrication of the valve and/or assist the solubilisation of the medicament and/or improve the stability of said formulation.
  • the invention also provides a pharmaceutical formulation which comprises a substantially dissolved medicament and a compound of formula (I) as described above.
  • the pharmaceutical formulation will be an aerosol formulation which further comprises a fluorocarbon or hydrogen-containing chlorofluorocarbon propellant, or mixtures thereof.
  • the compounds of formula (I) employed for the preparation of formulations according to the present invention are effective stabilisers at low concentrations relative to the amount of medicament.
  • the amount of compound of formula (I) employed is desirably in the range of 0.05% to 20% w/w, particularly 0.5% to 10% w/w, more particularly 0.5% to 5% w/w, relative to the medicament.
  • the particle size of the particulate (e.g. micronised) medicament should be such as to permit inhalation of substantially all of the medicament into the lungs or nasal cavity upon administration of the aerosol formulation and will thus be less than 100 microns, desirably less than 20 microns, and preferably will have a mass median aerodynamic diameter (MMAD) in the range 1-10 microns, e.g. 1-5 microns.
  • MMAD mass median aerodynamic diameter
  • the final aerosol formulation desirably contains 0.005-10% w/w, preferably 0.005 - 5% w/w, especially 0.01-1.0% w/w, of medicament relative to the total weight of the formulation.
  • Medicaments which may be administered in aerosol formulations according to the invention include any drug useful in inhalation therapy and which may be presented in a form which is substantially completely insoluble in the selected propellant.
  • Appropriate medicaments may thus be selected from, for example, analgesics, e.g. codeine, dihydromorphine, ergotamine, fentanyl or morphine; anginal preparations, e.g. diltiazem; anti-allergies, e.g. cromoglycate (e.g. as sodium salt), ketotifen or nedocromil (e.g. as sodium salt); antiinfectives e.g.
  • analgesics e.g. codeine, dihydromorphine, ergotamine, fentanyl or morphine
  • anginal preparations e.g. diltiazem
  • anti-allergies e.g. cromoglycate (e.g. as sodium salt),
  • cephalosporins e.g. cephalosporins, penicillins, streptomycin, sulphonamides, tetracyclines and pentamidine; anti-histamines, e.g. methapyrilene; anti-inflammatories, e.g. beclomethasone (e.g. as dipropionate), fluticasone (e.g.
  • fenoterol e.g. as hydrobromide
  • formoterol e.g. as fumarate
  • isoprenaline metaproterenol
  • phenylephrine phenylpropanolamine
  • pirbuterol e.g. as acetate
  • reproterol e.g. as hydrochloride
  • rimiterol e.g. as terbutaline
  • the medicaments may be used in the form of salts, (e.g. as alkali metal or amine salts or as acid addition salts) or as esters (e.g. lower alkyl esters) or as solvates (e.g. hydrates) to optimise the activity and/or stability of the medicament and/or possibly to minimise the solubility of the medicament in the propellant.
  • the medicaments may be used in the form of a pure isomer, for example, R-albuterol or RR-formoterol.
  • Particularly preferred medicaments for administration using aerosol formulations in accordance with the invention include anti-allergies, bronchodilators and anti- inflammatory steroids of use in the treatment of respiratory disorders such as asthma,
  • COPD or rhinitis by inhalation therapy for example cromoglycate (e.g. as sodium salt), albuterol (e.g. as free base or sulphate), salmeterol (e.g. as xinafoate), formoterol (e.g. as fumarate), terbutaline (e.g. as sulphate), reproterol (e.g. as hydrochloride), a beclomethasone ester (e.g. as diproprionate), a fluticasone ester (e.g. as propionate).
  • cromoglycate e.g. as sodium salt
  • albuterol e.g. as free base or sulphate
  • salmeterol e.g. as xinafoate
  • formoterol e.g. as fumarate
  • terbutaline e.g. as sulphate
  • reproterol e.g. as hydrochloride
  • Salmeterol especially salmeterol xinafoate, albuterol sulphate, fluticasone propionate, beclomethasone dipropionate and physiologically acceptable salts and solvates thereof are especially preferred.
  • suitable combinations include bronchodilators (e.g. albuterol or isoprenaline) in combination with an anti-inflammatory steroid (e.g. beclomethasone ester); a bronchodilator in combination with an anti-allergic (e.g. cromoglycate).
  • Exemplary combinations also include: ephedrine and theophylline; fenoterol and ipratropium; isoetharine and phenylephrine; albuterol (e.g. as free base or as sulphate) and beclomethasone ester (e.g. as dipropionate); budesonide and formoterol (e.g. as fumarate) which is of particular interest; and salmeterol (particularly as salmeterol xinafoate) and fluticasone ester (e.g. as propionate) also of particular interest.
  • ephedrine and theophylline fenoterol and ipratropium
  • isoetharine and phenylephrine e.g. as free base or as sulphate
  • beclomethasone ester e.g. as dipropionate
  • budesonide and formoterol e.g. as fumarate
  • salmeterol particularly as
  • the propellants for use in the invention may be any fluorocarbon or hydrogen- containing chlorofluorocarbon or mixtures thereof having a sufficient vapour pressure to render them effective as propellants.
  • the propellant will be a non-solvent for the medicament.
  • Suitable propellants include, for example, C-j _4.hydrogen-containing chlorofluorocarbons such as CH 2 CIF, CCIF 2 CHCIF, CF3CHCIF, CHF 2 CCIF 2 ,
  • fluorocarbons or hydrogen-containing chlorofluorocarbons may be mixtures of the above identified compounds, preferably binary mixtures, with other fluorocarbons or hydrogen-containing chlorofluorocarbons for example CHCIF2, CH2F2 and CF3CH3.
  • propellants are C-
  • _ 4hydrogen-containing fluorocarbons such as 1 ,1 ,1 ,2-tetrafluoroethane (CF3CH2F) and 1 ,1 ,1 ,2,3,3,3-heptafluoro-n-propane (CF3CHFCF3) or mixtures thereof.
  • a single fluorocarbon or hydrogen-containing chlorofluorocarbon such as 1 ,1 ,1 ,2- tetrafluoroethane (HFA 134a) or 1 ,1 ,1 ,2,3,3,3-heptafluoro-n-propane (HFA 227) is employed as the propellant, especially preferred is 1 ,1 ,1 ,2-tetrafluoroethane.
  • HFA 134a 1 ,1 ,1 ,2,3,3,3-heptafluoro-n-propane
  • the formulations of the invention contain no components which may provoke the degradation of stratospheric ozone.
  • the formulations are substantially free of chlorofluorocarbons such as CCI3F, CCI2F2 and
  • the propellant may additionally contain a volatile adjuvant such as a saturated hydrocarbon, for example, propane, n-butane, isobutane, pentane and isopentane or a dialkyl ether, for example, dimethyl ether.
  • a volatile adjuvant such as a saturated hydrocarbon, for example, propane, n-butane, isobutane, pentane and isopentane or a dialkyl ether, for example, dimethyl ether.
  • a volatile adjuvant such as a saturated hydrocarbon, for example, propane, n-butane, isobutane, pentane and isopentane or a dialkyl ether, for example, dimethyl ether.
  • up to 50% w/w of the propellant may comprise a volatile hydrocarbon, for example 1 to 30% w/w.
  • formulations which are substantially free of volatile adjuvants are preferred.
  • polar adjuvant e.g. 0.05 to 3.0% w/w
  • polar adjuvants e.g. 0.05 to 3.0% w/w
  • Such formulations preferably contain less than 1 % w/w, e.g. about 0.1 % w/w of polar adjuvant.
  • Polarity may be determined, for example, by the method described in European Patent Application Publication No. 0327777.
  • the formulations according to the present invention may optionally contain one or more further ingredients conventionally used in the art of pharmaceutical aerosol formulation.
  • optional ingredients include, but are not limited to, taste masking agents, sugars, buffers, antioxidants, water and chemical stabilisers.
  • a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention provides a pharmaceutical aerosol formulation consisting essentially of one or more particulate medicament(s), one or more fluorocarbon or hydrogen-containing chlorofluorocarbon propellant(s) and one or more compound(s) of formula (I).
  • a further embodiment of the invention is a sealed container capable of withstanding the pressure required to maintain the propellant as a liquid, such as a metered dose inhaler, containing therein the aerosol formulation as described above.
  • metered dose inhaler or MDI means a unit comprising a can, a secured cap covering the can and a formulation metering valve situated in the cap.
  • MDI system includes a suitable channelling device. Suitable channelling devices comprise, for example, a valve actuator and a cylindrical or cone-like passage through which medicament may be delivered from the filled canister via the metering valve to the nose or mouth of a patient e.g. a mouthpiece actuator.
  • processes for the preparation of compounds of formula (I) is provided which comprises: (a) oxidation of a compound of formula (II)
  • n, N, m 1 and m 2 are as defined above;
  • process (b) deprotection of a derivative of a compound of formula (I) in which the carboxylic acid group is protected.
  • process (a) methods for oxidising a primary alcohol to the corresponding carboxylic acid, using strong oxidising agents, are well known to persons skilled in the art.
  • Suitable reagents include: chromic acid, permanganate (e.g. potassium permanganate) and nitric acid.
  • Permanganate is preferred for use in process (a), especially potassium permanganate.
  • carboxylic acid protecting groups include but are not limited to carboxylic acid esters, for example, ethyl ester, aryl esters such as benzyl ester.
  • Protecting groups can be removed by acid or base catalysed hydrolysis or reduction, for example, hydrogenation. Where the carboxylic acid is protected as the benzyl ester, the protecting group may be removed for example by hydrogenation. Where the carboxylic acid is protected as a C 1-3 alkyl ester, the protecting group may be removed, for example, by base hydrolysis.
  • a process for preparing a compound of formula (II) or a protected derivative thereof comprises:
  • N, m and R are as defined above and L is a leaving group; or (vi) reacting a compound of formula (X)
  • L 6 represent leaving groups with a compound of formula (XI 1 )
  • n, N, m and R are as defined above and
  • L 8 is a leaving group, with a compound of formula (XI 1 ) above; or (x) preparing a compound of formula (II) or a protected derivative thereof in
  • n, m 1 and R 1 are as defined above and
  • L 11 is a leaving group, with a compound of formula (XII )
  • the non-reacting hydroxyl group(s) will preferably be protected, for example, as the benzyl or THP ether.
  • Suitable hydroxyl protecting groups include, but are not limited to, carboxylic acid esters e.g. acetate ester, aryl esters e.g. benzoate ester, ethers e.g. benzyl ether and p-methoxybenzyl ether, tetrahydropyranyl ether and silyl ethers e.g. tert-butyldimethylsilyl ether.
  • hydroxyl groups are protected as the benzyl ether or the tetrahydropyranyl (THP) ether.
  • THP tetrahydropyranyl
  • Protecting groups can be removed by acid or base catalysed hydrolysis or reduction, for example, hydrogenation.
  • Silyl ethers may require hydrogen fluoride or tetrabutylammonium fluoride to be cleaved.
  • the protecting group may be removed, for example, by hydrogenation.
  • the protecting group may be removed, for example, by acid hydrolysis.
  • suitable leaving groups for L 1 include halogen (e.g. chloro, bromide or iodo) -O-tosyl, -O-mesyl or -O-triflyl.
  • L 1 represents -O-tosyl.
  • the reaction of compounds of formula (III) and (IV 1 ) will generally take place in the presence of a strong base or proton abstracting agent e.g. hydride such as sodium hydride in an inert solvent such as dimethylformamide (DMF) at non-extreme temperatures for example -10 to 50°C such as 0°C.
  • a strong base or proton abstracting agent e.g. hydride such as sodium hydride in an inert solvent such as dimethylformamide (DMF)
  • DMF dimethylformamide
  • a significant excess of compound of formula (IV 1 ) will be used e.g.
  • (XIII 1 ) will generally take place in the presence of a strong base or proton abstracting agent e.g. hydride such as sodium hydride in an inert solvent e.g. DMF under conditions described above for process (a). At least two molar equivalents of compound of formula (XIII 1 ) will be used. Preferably a significant excess of a compound of formula (XIII 1 ) will be used.
  • a strong base or proton abstracting agent e.g. hydride such as sodium hydride in an inert solvent e.g. DMF under conditions described above for process (a).
  • a strong base or proton abstracting agent e.g. hydride such as sodium hydride in an inert solvent e.g. DMF
  • a strong base or proton abstracting agent e.g. hydride such as sodium hydride in an inert solvent e.g. DMF
  • the non-reacting hydroxyl group(s) will be protected e.g. as the benzyl or THP ether, more preferably by different protecting groups to facilitate selective removal e.g. tetrahydropyranyl (THP) ether and benzyl ether.
  • THP tetrahydropyranyl
  • compounds of formula (III) or a protected derivative thereof may be prepared by reacting compounds of formula (XIV)
  • Conditions analogous to those described above for reaction of compounds of formula (III) and (IV 1 ) may be employed.
  • the non-reacting hydroxyl groups are protected, more preferably, by different protecting groups to facilitate selective removal e.g. THP ether and benzyl ether.
  • protected derivative thereof comprises reacting a compound of formula (XV) or a protected derivative thereof, with a compound of formula (XIII 1 ) or a protected derivative thereof, employing conditions analogous to those previously described above for the reaction of a compound of formula (III) with a compound of formula (IV 1 ) i.e. in process
  • N, m 2 and R 2 are as defined above under basic conditions; and (2a) reacting the product of step (1 a) with water.
  • Compounds of formula (XV) may be prepared by a process which comprises: (1 b) reacting epibromohydrin with a compound of formula (XVI 2 )
  • step (1 b) reacting the product of step (1 b) with water.
  • Epoxides can be cleaved under acidic or basic conditions.
  • the product of the reaction can be controlled by choice of the nucleophile. If the ether product is desired the corresponding alcohol or alkoxide should be used as the nucleophile. If the alcohol product is desired water, with an acid catalyst, or hydroxide should be used as the nucleophile.
  • Compounds of formula (III 1 ) may be prepared from compounds of formula (III), compounds of formula (V 1 ) may be prepared from compounds of formula (V), compounds of formula (VI 1 ) may be prepared from compounds of formula (VI), compounds of formula (VII 1 ) may be prepared from compounds of formula (VII), compounds of formula (IX 1 ) may be prepared from compounds of formula (IX) and compounds of formula (X 1 ) may be prepared from compounds of formula (X) by treatment with a reagent that converts the hydroxyl groups into a leaving group.
  • Reagents for converting hydroxyl groups into good leaving groups include halogenating agents such as carbon tetrabromide and triphenylphosphine, thionyl chloride or phosphorus pentachloride or by treatment with methane sulphonyl chloride or para- toluene sulphonic chloride. Protecting groups will be used as necessary in these reactions.
  • Compounds of formula (III 1 ), (V 1 ), (VI 1 ), (VII 1 ), (IX 1 ) and (X 1 ) may also be prepared by methods analogous to those described above for compounds of formula (V), (VI), (IX),
  • compounds of formula (III 1 ), (V), (V 1 ), (VI), (VI 1 ), (VII 1 ), (IX), (IX 1 ), (X), (X 1 ), (XIV) and (XV) may be prepared from epibromohydrin by analogous methods to those described for the preparation of compounds of formula (X) and (XV) above.
  • the advantage of using epibromohydrin is that the three carbons in the starting material can be differentiated allowing regio-specificity to be introduced with relative efficiency. This is particularly important for compounds of formula (V), (V 1 ), (VI), (VI 1 ), (VII 1 ), (IX), (IX 1 ), (X), (X 1 ), (XIV) and (XV) which are asymmetrical.
  • Compounds of formula (IV 1 ), (IV 2 ), (VII), (XI 1 ) (XI 2 ), (XII 1 ), (XII 2 ), (XIII 1 ), (XIII 2 ), (XVI 1 ) and (XVI 2 ) are either known or may be prepared by known methods.
  • Compounds of formula (VIII 1 ), (VIII 2 ) and (XVII) may be prepared by known methods. Variations of the above methods which are common in the art are within the scope of this invention.
  • the formulations of the invention may be prepared by dispersal of the medicament and a compound of formula (I) in the selected propellant in an appropriate container, e.g. with the aid of sonication or a high-shear mixer. The process is desirably carried out under controlled humidity conditions.
  • the chemical and physical stability and the pharmaceutical acceptability of the aerosol formulations according to the invention may be determined by techniques well known to those skilled in the art. Thus, for example, the chemical stability of the components may be determined by HPLC assay, for example, after prolonged storage of the product. Physical stability data may be gained from other conventional analytical techniques such as, for example, by leak testing, by valve delivery assay (average shot weights per actuation), by dose reproducibility assay (active ingredient per actuation) and spray distribution analysis.
  • the suspension stability of the aerosol formulations according to the invention may be measured by conventional techniques, for example, by measuring flocculation size distribution using a back light scattering instrument or by measuring particle size distribution by cascade impaction or by the "twin impinger” analytical process.
  • twin impinger assay means "Determination of the deposition of the emitted dose in pressurised inhalations using apparatus A” as defined in British Pharmacopaeia 1988, pages A204-207, Appendix XVII C.
  • Such techniques enable the "respirable fraction" of the aerosol formulations to be calculated.
  • MDI canisters generally comprise a container capable of withstanding the vapour pressure of the propellant used such as a plastic or plastic-coated glass bottle or preferably a metal can, for example of aluminium or an alloy thereof which may optionally be anodised, lacquer-coated and/or plastic-coated (e.g.
  • WO96/32099 wherein part or all of the internal surfaces are coated with one or more fluorocarbon polymers optionally in combination with one or more non- fluorocarbon polymers), which container is closed with a metering valve.
  • the cap may be secured onto the can via ultrasonic welding, screw fitting or crimping.
  • MDIs taught herein may be prepared by methods of the art (e.g., see Byron, above and WO/96/32099).
  • the canister is fitted with a cap assembly, wherein a formulation metering valve is situated in the cap, and said cap is crimped in place.
  • the metering valves are designed to deliver a metered amount of the formulation per actuation and incorporate a gasket to prevent leakage of propellant through the valve.
  • the gasket may comprise any suitable elastomeric material such as, for example, low density polyethylene, chlorobutyl, black and white butadiene-acrylonitrile rubbers, butyl rubber and neoprene.
  • suitable valves are commercially available from manufacturers well known in the aerosol industry, for example, from Valois, France (e.g. DF10, DF30, DF60), Bespak pic, UK (e.g. BK300, BK357) and 3M-Neotechnic Ltd, UK (e.g.
  • a further aspect of this invention comprises a process for filling the said formulation into
  • a metering valve is crimped onto an aluminium can to form an empty canister.
  • the particulate medicament is added to a charge vessel and liquefied propellant is pressure filled through the charge vessel into a manufacturing vessel, together with liquefied propellant containing the surfactant.
  • the drug suspension is mixed before recirculation to a filling machine and an aliquot of the drug suspension is then filled through the metering valve into the canister.
  • an aliquot of the liquefied formulation is added to an open canister under conditions which are sufficiently cold to ensure the formulation does not vaporise, and then a metering valve crimped onto the canister.
  • each filled canister is check- weighed, coded with a batch number and packed into a tray for storage before release testing.
  • Each filled canister is conveniently fitted into a suitable channelling device prior to use to form a metered dose inhaler system for administration of the medicament into the lungs or nasal cavity of a patient.
  • Metered dose inhalers are designed to deliver a fixed unit dosage of medicament per actuation or "puff, for example in the range of 10 to 5000 micrograms of medicament per puff.
  • Administration of medicament may be indicated for the treatment of mild, moderate, severe acute or chronic symptoms or for prophylactic treatment. It will be appreciated that the precise dose administered will depend on the age and condition of the patient, the particular particulate medicament used and the frequency of administration will ultimately be at the discretion of the attendant physician. When combinations of medicaments are employed the dose of each component of the combination will in general be that employed for each component when used alone. Typically, administration may be one or more times, for example from 1 to 8 times per day, giving for example 1 , 2, 3 or 4 puffs each time.
  • Suitable daily doses may be, for example in the range 50 to 200 micrograms of salmeterol, 100 to 1000 micrograms of albuterol, 50 to 2000 micrograms of fluticasone propionate or 100 to 2000 micrograms of beclomethasone dipropionate, depending on the severity of the disease.
  • each valve actuation may deliver 25 microgram salmeterol, 100 microgram albuterol, 25, 50, 125 or 250 microgram fluticasone propionate or 50, 100, 200 or 250 microgram beclomethasone dipropionate.
  • Doses for SeretideTM which is a combination of salmeterol and fluticasone propionate, will usually be those given for the corresponding individual component drugs.
  • each filled canister for use in a metered dose inhaler system contains 60, 100, 120, 160 or 240 metered doses or puffs of medicament.
  • a still further aspect of the present invention comprises a method of treating respiratory disorders such as, for example, asthma or COPD which comprises administration by inhalation of an effective amount of a formulation as herein described.
  • LCMS was conducted on a Supelcosil LCABZ+PLUS column (3.3 cm x 4.6 mm ID) eluting with 0.1% HCO 2 H and 0.01 M ammonium acetate in water (solvent A), and 0.05%) HCO 2 H 5% water in acetonitrile (solvent B), using the following elution gradient 0-0.7 min 0%B, 0.7-4.2 min 100%B, 4.2-5.3 min 0%B, 5.3-5.5 min 0%B at a flow rate of 3 ml/min.
  • the mass spectra were recorded on a flow injection Hewlett Packard engine using thermospray positive ion mode or a Micromass series II mass spectrometer using electrospray positive and negative mode (ES+ve and ES-ve).
  • ES+ve and ES-ve electrospray positive and negative mode
  • step (a) To a stirred solution of the product of step (a) (3.74g) in methanol (80ml) was added p- toluenesulphonic acid (260mg) and the reaction stirred at 20°C for 24 hours. The solvent was removed in vacuo, the residue dissolved in water (125ml) and extracted with dichloromethane (3 x 125ml). The combined organic layers were washed with brine (150ml), dried and the solvent removed in vacuo. This was purified by column chromatography on silica gel (Biotage), eluting with 40% ethyl acetate in cyclohexane to give the title compound as a clear oil (1.27g).
  • step (b) 19-r(Benzyloxy)methyll-2.5.8.11 ,18,21.28,31 , 34.37-decaoxaoctatriacontane
  • step (b) (1.28g) was dissolved in dimethylformamide (20ml) and cooled to 0°C.
  • Sodium hydride (60% dispersion in mineral oil, 797mg) was added slowly and the reaction stirred for 45 minutes.
  • Salmeterol xinafoate formulations in HFA 134a of strength 25mcg per actuation, and 10%) w/w (relative to drug) of the relevant surfactant compound of formula (I) (i.e. Example 3 or Example 4) prepared in aluminum cans with a crimped cap containing a metering valve using salmeterol xinafoate (8.7mg), HFA 134a (18g) and the relevant compound (0.87mg).
  • the control was prepared without the addition of a surfactant.
  • the content uniformity of the formulations was assessed by dose through use testing. Testing was performed on a set of 10 cans/inhalers for each of the formulations, at "beginning of use” (BoU) and "end of use” (EoU). After each inhaler had been primed (4 shots fired to waste), actuations 1 and 2 (BoU) were collected. The next 116 actuations of each inhaler were then fired to waste using an automated method and actuations 119 and 120 (EoU) collected.
  • Salmeterol xinafoate formulations in HFA 134a, strength 25mcg per dose for each of 60 actuations, and 10% w/w (relative to drug) of the relevant surfactant compound of formula (I) were prepared in aluminum cans with a crimped cap containing a metering valve using salmeterol xinafoate (1.50mg), HFA 134a (3g) and the relevant compound (0.15mg). The control was prepared without the addition of a surfactant.
  • Cans containing the said formulations for analysis were cooled to -4 °C to liquefy the propellant therein. These were then opened and the contents collected in a vessel. The valve and the empty can were quantitatively washed. The washings for each component were kept separate. The amount of drug in: the contents removed from the can, the valve washings and the can washing was quantified by HPLC analysis. The results are presented in Table 2 below.
  • Table 2 shows that the deposition of drug on the valve and on the can for formulations containing a surfactant compound of Example 3 or Example 4 was lower than the deposition of drug on the canister for the control. Similarly the drug content from cans containing a formulation including one of the said surfactant compounds is significantly higher than for the drug content from the control formulation. Therefore, the presence of said surfactants in formulations seems to reduce the deposition of the drug on the can and valve.

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Abstract

L'invention concerne des composés de formule (I) ou des sels ou un solvate de ceux-ci. Dans cette formule, n et N représentent de manière indépendante un entier compris entre 2 et 12; m1 et m2 désignent de manière indépendante un entier compris entre 1 et 15; et R1 et R2 représentent de manière indépendante -(CO)xC1-9 alkyle ou -(CO)xC1-9 fluoroalkyle, une fraction de fluoroalkyle renfermant au moins un atome de fluorine et pas plus de 3 atomes de carbone perfluoré et x représentant 0 ou 1. L'invention concerne également les utilisations de ces composés et des procédés de préparation de ceux-ci.
PCT/EP2002/011635 2001-10-19 2002-10-17 Composes a utiliser comme tensioactifs WO2003035237A2 (fr)

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EP02774728A EP1436007B1 (fr) 2001-10-19 2002-10-17 Composes a utiliser comme tensioactifs
DE60203528T DE60203528T2 (de) 2001-10-19 2002-10-17 Oberflächenaktive verbindungen
JP2003537793A JP4223954B2 (ja) 2001-10-19 2002-10-17 界面活性剤として使用するための化合物
AT02774728T ATE291928T1 (de) 2001-10-19 2002-10-17 Oberflächenaktive verbindungen
AU2002340578A AU2002340578A1 (en) 2001-10-19 2002-10-17 Compounds for use as surfactants
US10/492,606 US7321059B2 (en) 2001-10-19 2002-10-17 Compounds for use as surfactants

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CN1633407A (zh) 2002-02-13 2005-06-29 葛兰素集团有限公司 用作表面活性剂的羧酸化合物
CN102416179B (zh) 2010-09-28 2014-05-07 益得生物科技股份有限公司 用于哮喘的吸入性复方组合物
US10647903B2 (en) 2017-08-15 2020-05-12 Saudi Arabian Oil Company Oil-based drilling fluid compositions which include layered double hydroxides as rheology modifiers and amino amides as emulsifiers
US10745606B2 (en) 2017-08-15 2020-08-18 Saudi Arabian Oil Company Oil-based drilling fluid compositions which include layered double hydroxides as rheology modifiers
US10793762B2 (en) 2017-08-15 2020-10-06 Saudi Arabian Oil Company Layered double hydroxides for oil-based drilling fluids
US10988659B2 (en) 2017-08-15 2021-04-27 Saudi Arabian Oil Company Layered double hydroxides for oil-based drilling fluids
US10876039B2 (en) 2017-08-15 2020-12-29 Saudi Arabian Oil Company Thermally stable surfactants for oil based drilling fluids
JP2020531609A (ja) 2017-08-15 2020-11-05 サウジ アラビアン オイル カンパニーＳａｕｄｉ Ａｒａｂｉａｎ Ｏｉｌ Ｃｏｍｐａｎｙ 油系掘削流体用の熱安定性界面活性剤
US10676658B2 (en) 2017-08-15 2020-06-09 Saudi Arabian Oil Company Oil-based drilling fluids for high pressure and high temperature drilling operations
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US7718162B2 (en) 2001-12-21 2010-05-18 3M Innovative Properties Company Medicinal aerosol compositions with a functionalized polyethyleneglycol excipient

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ES2238606T3 (es) 2005-09-01
US7321059B2 (en) 2008-01-22
EP1436007A2 (fr) 2004-07-14
WO2003035237A3 (fr) 2003-08-14
EP1436007B1 (fr) 2005-03-30
JP2005525300A (ja) 2005-08-25
ATE291928T1 (de) 2005-04-15
DE60203528T2 (de) 2006-05-11
US20050048024A1 (en) 2005-03-03
DE60203528D1 (de) 2005-05-04
AU2002340578A1 (en) 2003-05-06
GB0125127D0 (en) 2001-12-12
JP4223954B2 (ja) 2009-02-12

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