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WO2003029720A1 - Systeme de regulation de temperature cryogenique - Google Patents

Systeme de regulation de temperature cryogenique Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2003029720A1
WO2003029720A1 PCT/US2001/031630 US0131630W WO03029720A1 WO 2003029720 A1 WO2003029720 A1 WO 2003029720A1 US 0131630 W US0131630 W US 0131630W WO 03029720 A1 WO03029720 A1 WO 03029720A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
temperature control
control system
engine
evaporator coil
air
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US2001/031630
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Herman H. Viegas
Jayaram Seshadri
Hans-Olof Nilsson
Original Assignee
Thermo King Corporation
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Thermo King Corporation filed Critical Thermo King Corporation
Publication of WO2003029720A1 publication Critical patent/WO2003029720A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F25D29/00—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
    • F25D29/001—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for cryogenic fluid systems
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
    • B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
    • B60H1/32—Cooling devices
    • B60H1/3202—Cooling devices using evaporation, i.e. not including a compressor, e.g. involving fuel or water evaporation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F25D17/00—Arrangements for circulating cooling fluids; Arrangements for circulating gas, e.g. air, within refrigerated spaces
    • F25D17/04—Arrangements for circulating cooling fluids; Arrangements for circulating gas, e.g. air, within refrigerated spaces for circulating air, e.g. by convection
    • F25D17/06—Arrangements for circulating cooling fluids; Arrangements for circulating gas, e.g. air, within refrigerated spaces for circulating air, e.g. by convection by forced circulation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01P—COOLING OF MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; COOLING OF INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01P2060/00—Cooling circuits using auxiliaries
    • F01P2060/08—Cabin heater
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01P—COOLING OF MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; COOLING OF INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01P2060/00—Cooling circuits using auxiliaries
    • F01P2060/14—Condenser
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01P—COOLING OF MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; COOLING OF INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01P3/00—Liquid cooling
    • F01P3/20—Cooling circuits not specific to a single part of engine or machine
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F25D21/00—Defrosting; Preventing frosting; Removing condensed or defrost water
    • F25D21/06—Removing frost
    • F25D21/12—Removing frost by hot-fluid circulating system separate from the refrigerant system
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F25D29/00—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
    • F25D29/003—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for movable devices
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F25D31/00—Other cooling or freezing apparatus
    • F25D31/005—Combined cooling and heating devices

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to temperature control systems, and particularly to cryogenic temperature control systems. More particularly, the present invention relates to cryogenic temperature control systems, which include a heating coil and blower.
  • Conventional temperature control systems typically include mechanical, non- mechanical, and hybrid systems. These systems are applicable to both stationary and mobile applications. In motor vehicles, these systems are particularly applicable to, for example, trucks having air-conditioned trailers or containers, buses having air-conditioned passenger cabins, etc.
  • Mechanical systems compress and condense a refrigerant and subsequently expand it before passing the ref igerant through an evaporator coil. The expansion of the refrigerant greatly reduces the temperature of the refrigerant before it passes through the evaporator coil. Then, as the cold refrigerant flows through the evaporator coil, relatively warm, unconditioned air is blown over the evaporator coil.
  • a typical mechanical system includes a prime mover motor.
  • a prime mover motor is required to compress and circulate the refrigerant and is often secondarily utilized to drive a blower, which creates the airflow over the evaporator coil. This can cause typical mechanical systems to be costly, noisy, heavy, and prone to high maintenance.
  • Non-mechanical temperature control systems eliminate the need for a prime mover or compressor.
  • a heat-absorbing fluid often a cryogen (e.g. liquid carbon dioxide, liquid nitrogen, etc.) is expanded directly out of a storage tank into an evaporator coil.
  • the cryogen is not passed through a compressor. Relatively warm air passing over the evaporator coil is cooled by the cold cryogen in the evaporator coil. At the same time, the cryogen is heated and vaporized by the relatively warm air passing over the evaporator coil. Once this heat transfer has occurred, the vaporized cryogen is typically exhausted to the atmosphere.
  • the vaporized cryogen before the vaporized cryogen is exhausted to the atmosphere, it may be utilized to drive the blower, which creates the airflow over the evaporator coil.
  • Such a system can reduce noise, cost, and maintenance problems, and can provide the cooling capacity to quickly pull down the temperature in an air-conditioned space.
  • the cooling ability of the cryogen can produce frost on the evaporator coil.
  • Hybrid temperature control systems are also utilized to control the air temperature of a desired space.
  • a hybrid system typically employs a mechanical temperature control system supplemented by a cryogenic system in times when rapid cooling is needed.
  • Mechanical, non-mechanical, and hybrid systems may be used to control the temperature of a desired space in a truck trailer, truck container, bus or van passenger cabin, or any other enclosed volume or space in which temperature regulation is desired. See, for example, U.S. Patent No. 6,062,030 to Niegas.
  • a temperature control system that utilizes inherently available energy to drive the blower and provide heat to the evaporator would be welcomed.
  • a cryogenic temperature control system for a motor vehicle having an engine and an air-conditioned space includes a housing having an air inlet and an air outlet. The air outlet is in fluid communication with the air-conditioned space.
  • An evaporator coil is mounted within the housing and provides a pathway for a heat-absorbing fluid.
  • a blower also mounted within the housing, conveys air in the air inlet, over the evaporator coil, and out the air outlet and is driven by energy from the motor vehicle engine.
  • a heating coil is positioned adjacent to the evaporator coil and provides a heating flow path for engine coolant flowing from the engine and back to the engine.
  • the motor vehicle is a truck having a trailer or container within which it is desired to control the temperature.
  • a cryogen such as liquid carbon dioxide or liquid nitrogen
  • the blower is preferably driven by electric current from the truck's alternator and blows air over the evaporator coil.
  • engine coolant flowing through the engine such as water or antifreeze, is directed through a heating circuit, which includes a heating coil integral with the evaporator coil. The heating coil heats the evaporating coil either to defrost the evaporator coil or to provide a relatively warm coil over which air from the blower passes, thereby providing warm air to the air-conditioned space.
  • Fig. 1 is a side view of a truck including one embodiment of a temperature control system in accordance with the present invention showing a tank containing a heat- absorbing fluid and a temperature control unit mounted within the truck trailer;
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic drawing of a temperature control system in accordance with the present invention showing a heat-absorbing fluid storage tank, an evaporating coil, a heating coil, and a blower;
  • Fig. 3 is another embodiment of a temperature control system in accordance with the present invention showing the system applied to an air-conditioned space which is divided into multiple chambers;
  • Fig. 4 is a side view of a truck including still another embodiment of a temperature control system in accordance with the present invention showing a temperature control housing mounted vertically within the truck trailer; and Fig. 5 is a schematic drawing of the temperature control system of Fig. 4 showing a blower positioned downstream of an evaporating coil.
  • Figs. 1 through 5 illustrate temperature control systems in accordance with the present invention.
  • energy inherently present in a motor vehicle e.g. mechanical and electrical energy from the engine
  • a truck 16 includes an air-conditioned space 12 within its trailer 14.
  • the air temperature within the air-conditioned space 12 is regulated by a temperature control system 10 including a temperature control housing 18 positioned within the air-conditioned space 12 and a heat-absorbing fluid storage tank 20 which supplies a heat-absorbing fluid to the housing.
  • the storage tank 20 may be positioned outside of the air-conditioned space 12.
  • the fluid storage tank 20 could be positioned within the air-conditioned space 12, as well.
  • the temperature control housing 18 could be located outside the air conditioned space 12. Further, the temperature control housing may be oriented vertically, as shown in Figs. 4 and 5, as opposed to horizontally, as shown in Figs. 1-3. As best seen in Fig. 2, the temperature control housing 18 is mounted inside a front wall 22 of the truck trailer 14.
  • the housing 18 includes an evaporator coil 24 positioned between a blower 26 and an air outlet 28. The blower 26 conveys air past the evaporator coil 24, through the air outlet 28, and into the air-conditioned space 12.
  • a flow control valve 30 (e.g., solenoid-controlled, manual, proportional, or any suitable mechanism for altering flow) is positioned along a first flow path 32 from the heat-absorbing fluid storage tank 20 (in this case containing liquid carbon dioxide (LCO 2 )) to the evaporator coil 24.
  • the valve 30 controls the flow of LCO 2 from the storage tank 20 to the evaporator coil 24, and through the evaporator coil 24.
  • the blower 26 pushes air over the evaporator coil 24. In this way, the relatively cold LCO 2 within the evaporator coil 24 cools the relatively warm air flowing past it before the air is expelled into the air-conditioned space 12.
  • a backpressure regulator 34 and temperature sensor 36 are positioned on a second flow path 38 between the evaporator coil 24 and the atmosphere 40.
  • the backpressure regulator 34 and temperature sensor 36 are utilized to further regulate the flow of LCO 2 through the evaporator coil 24.
  • Fig. 2 illustrates a cryogenic temperature control system utilizing LCO 2 flowing along an open path to the atmosphere, it will be readily understood by one of ordinary skill in the art that other cryogens, such as LN 2 and LNG could be used in accordance with the present invention.
  • cryogens such as LN 2 and LNG
  • the LNG can be used for engine fuel after it has passed through the evaporator.
  • Electric wires 42 shown in Fig. 2, from the blower 26 connect the blower 26 to the truck's engine (not shown). In this way, electric current from the engine's alternator (not shown) can be used to drive the blower 26. It will be readily apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art that the electricity used to drive the blower 26 could alternatively come from a battery, generator, or fuel cell (also not shown). In this arrangement, the blower 26 can operate even when the engine's alternator is not generating electricity (for example, when the engine is not running). Additionally, the blower 26 can be driven mechanically by the engine, for example through a direct drive engagement or through a hydraulic linkage.
  • a heating coil 46 is positioned adjacent to the evaporator coil 24.
  • the heating coil 46 is shown spaced slightly apart from the evaporator coil 24. In this arrangement, the heating coil 46 heats the evaporator coil 24 by convection.
  • the heating coil 46 may be formed as an integral part of the evaporator coil 24, in which case the evaporator coil would be heated by conduction.
  • the heating coil 46 constitutes a segment of a third flow path 48 from the engine and back to the engine.
  • engine coolant e.g. water, antifreeze, etc.
  • the engine coolant is heated. Circulating the relatively hot engine coolant past the evaporator coil 24 acts to defrost the evaporator coil 24.
  • the evaporator coil 24 is defrosted by running hot engine coolant through the heating coil 46, thereby melting frost that has accumulated on the adjacent evaporator coil 24.
  • the heating coil 46 is used to defrost the evaporator coil 24 when the blower 26 is not running and the cryogen is not flowing through the evaporator coil 24.
  • the evaporator coil 24 is thermally isolated from the heating coil 46 because of the slight separation between the two. As mentioned, this allows for defrosting of the evaporator coil 24 by convection. However, it also helps prevent freezing of the engine coolant when the cryogen is flowing through the evaporator coil 24.
  • the heating coil 46 with the relatively hot engine coolant flowing through it, can also be used to heat the air flowing through the temperature control housing 18. This allows warm air to be blown into the air-conditioned space 12 when it is desired to raise the temperature in the air-conditioned space - for example, on days when the ambient air temperature is below the desired air-conditioned space temperature.
  • a flow control valve 50 located along the third flow path 48 controls flow of the engine coolant through the heating coil 46. Whether the heating coil 46 is used to defrost the evaporator coil 24 or to heat the air flowing into the air-conditioned space 12, heat energy from the engine is utilized by the temperature control system 10.
  • waste heat may also be used to defrost an evaporator coil or to heat a space.
  • central steam or hot water can be circulated through a heating coil adjacent an evaporator coil to provide the necessary heating.
  • an electric heating coil may be used.
  • the electric heating coil may be powered by a building's central electrical system.
  • the electric heating coil may be plugged into an electric outlet at the dock.
  • the structure and principles discussed above can be applied to a multi-compartment temperature control system 80, wherein the truck trailer 14 is divided into separate first and second compartments 52, 54, in which the temperatures are to be separately controlled.
  • the heat-absorbing fluid storage tank 20 supplies the heat- absorbing fluid to first and second evaporator coils 56, 58.
  • First and second valves 60, 62 regulate the flow of the heat-absorbing fluid through the first and second evaporator coils 56, 58 so that different degrees of cooling may be applied to the first and second compartments 52, 54.
  • FIG. 3 illustrates the multi-compartment temperature control system 80 utilizing open flow paths, wherein a vaporized cryogen is released to the atmosphere after flowing through the evaporator coils 56, 58.
  • blowers 72, 74 are driven by electrical energy from the engine. For example, this could be electric current from the alternator or a battery.
  • blowers 72, 74 may also be driven by mechanical energy from the engine through a direct drive, hydraulic linkage, etc.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Air-Conditioning For Vehicles (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un système de régulation de température comprenant un logement (108) pourvu d'une sortie d'air (28) en communication fluidique avec un espace climatisé, un serpentin d'évaporateur (24), disposé dans le logement (18), à travers lequel s'écoule un fluide absorbant la chaleur, un ventilateur (26) qui fait circuler l'air par le serpentin d'évaporateur (24) et un serpentin de réchauffage (16) situé à proximité du serpentin d'évaporateur (24) et servant à réchauffer le serpentin d'évaporateur (24).
PCT/US2001/031630 2001-10-02 2001-10-11 Systeme de regulation de temperature cryogenique WO2003029720A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US32646001P 2001-10-02 2001-10-02
US60/326,460 2001-10-02

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2003029720A1 true WO2003029720A1 (fr) 2003-04-10

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PCT/US2001/031630 WO2003029720A1 (fr) 2001-10-02 2001-10-11 Systeme de regulation de temperature cryogenique

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Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1621829A1 (fr) * 2004-07-27 2006-02-01 Linde Aktiengesellschaft Système de refroidissement pour camions
EP1842932A1 (fr) * 2006-04-06 2007-10-10 Linde Aktiengesellschaft Méthode pour refroidir des tubes
GB2437828A (en) * 2006-05-01 2007-11-07 Thermo King Corp Temperature controlled cargo vehicle
CN103072448A (zh) * 2013-01-22 2013-05-01 苏州赛尔科凌空调有限公司 Lng车用空调制冷系统
US9404669B2 (en) 2012-10-04 2016-08-02 Carrier Corporation Application of electric heat coil in fan unit

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3662561A (en) * 1970-07-30 1972-05-16 Veskol Inc Cooling apparatus
US3802212A (en) * 1972-05-05 1974-04-09 Gen Cryogenics Refrigeration apparatus
US3823568A (en) * 1973-08-29 1974-07-16 T Bijasiewicz Method and apparatus for air conditioning vehicles
US4986086A (en) * 1989-08-18 1991-01-22 Fridev Refrigeration Systems, Inc. CO2 temperature control system for transport vehicles

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3662561A (en) * 1970-07-30 1972-05-16 Veskol Inc Cooling apparatus
US3802212A (en) * 1972-05-05 1974-04-09 Gen Cryogenics Refrigeration apparatus
US3823568A (en) * 1973-08-29 1974-07-16 T Bijasiewicz Method and apparatus for air conditioning vehicles
US4986086A (en) * 1989-08-18 1991-01-22 Fridev Refrigeration Systems, Inc. CO2 temperature control system for transport vehicles

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1621829A1 (fr) * 2004-07-27 2006-02-01 Linde Aktiengesellschaft Système de refroidissement pour camions
EP1842932A1 (fr) * 2006-04-06 2007-10-10 Linde Aktiengesellschaft Méthode pour refroidir des tubes
GB2437828A (en) * 2006-05-01 2007-11-07 Thermo King Corp Temperature controlled cargo vehicle
EP2013557A4 (fr) * 2006-05-01 2010-09-01 Thermo King Corp Système de régulation de la température et procédé de mise en oeuvre associé
US9404669B2 (en) 2012-10-04 2016-08-02 Carrier Corporation Application of electric heat coil in fan unit
CN103072448A (zh) * 2013-01-22 2013-05-01 苏州赛尔科凌空调有限公司 Lng车用空调制冷系统

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