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WO2003018720A2 - Gazeifieurs - Google Patents

Gazeifieurs Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2003018720A2
WO2003018720A2 PCT/IB2002/003483 IB0203483W WO03018720A2 WO 2003018720 A2 WO2003018720 A2 WO 2003018720A2 IB 0203483 W IB0203483 W IB 0203483W WO 03018720 A2 WO03018720 A2 WO 03018720A2
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
ash
gasifier
chamber
mixture
outlet
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/IB2002/003483
Other languages
English (en)
Other versions
WO2003018720A3 (fr
Inventor
Paul Smit Baumann
Jacobus Albertus Bernardus Van Niekerk
Johannes Willem Van Zyl
Original Assignee
Sasol-Lurgi Technology Company (Pty) Limited
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Sasol-Lurgi Technology Company (Pty) Limited filed Critical Sasol-Lurgi Technology Company (Pty) Limited
Priority to AU2002328185A priority Critical patent/AU2002328185A1/en
Publication of WO2003018720A2 publication Critical patent/WO2003018720A2/fr
Publication of WO2003018720A3 publication Critical patent/WO2003018720A3/fr

Links

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/02—Fixed-bed gasification of lump fuel
    • C10J3/20—Apparatus; Plants
    • C10J3/34—Grates; Mechanical ash-removing devices
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/02—Fixed-bed gasification of lump fuel
    • C10J3/20—Apparatus; Plants
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/02—Fixed-bed gasification of lump fuel
    • C10J3/20—Apparatus; Plants
    • C10J3/34—Grates; Mechanical ash-removing devices
    • C10J3/40—Movable grates
    • C10J3/42—Rotary grates
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/72—Other features
    • C10J3/82—Gas withdrawal means
    • C10J3/84—Gas withdrawal means with means for removing dust or tar from the gas
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
    • C10J2300/0953—Gasifying agents
    • C10J2300/0959—Oxygen
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
    • C10J2300/0953—Gasifying agents
    • C10J2300/0973—Water
    • C10J2300/0976—Water as steam

Definitions

  • THIS INVENTION relates to gasifiers. It relates in particular to a method of discharging ash from a gasifier, and to a gasifier installation.
  • a method of discharging ash from a gasifier which method includes discharging hot ash from a gasification chamber of a gasifier, through an ash discharge opening in or adjacent a floor of the gasifier, into an ash chamber; allowing the hot ash to mix with a carrier liquid in the ash chamber; and withdrawing an ash/carrier liquid mixture from the ash chamber.
  • the ash chamber thus has an ash inlet at a high level and a mixture outlet at a lower level, and the carrier liquid may be present in the ash chamber as a body or volume of the carrier liquid above the mixture outlet.
  • the body or volume of the carrier liquid thus acts to quench the hot ash as well as to accommodate pressure relief across the ash chamber due to its incompressibility, thereby permitting the mixture to be discharged to atmospheric pressure, while the gasifier operates at elevated pressure.
  • the carrier liquid may, in particular, be water.
  • the discharging of the hot ash from the gasifier may be effected in a continuous manner. More particularly, this may be effected by continuously rotating an ash grate located above the ash discharge opening of the gasifier.
  • the withdrawal of the ash/water mixture from the ash chamber may be effected continuously, intermittently, or semi-continuously, ie cyclically or at regular intervals.
  • the withdrawal of the ash/water mixture from the ash chamber may be effected by continuously rotating a discharge member, having a discharge cavity, around an axis, with the discharge cavity thus moving from a first position in which it is aligned with the mixture outlet of the ash chamber so that some of the ash/carrier liquid mixture enters it, to a second position in which the ash/carrier liquid mixture is discharged under gravity from the discharge cavity and in which the discharge member closes off the mixture outlet, whereafter the discharge cavity again rotates into register with the mixture outlet, and so on.
  • the withdrawal of the ash/water mixture from the ash chamber may be effected by means of a rotary valve located below the mixture outlet of the ash chamber, with the discharge member forming part of the rotary valve.
  • the level of the ash/water mixture in the ash chamber may thus be controlled by regulating the rotational speed of the rotary valve.
  • the gasifier can, in principle, be any gasifier in which a solid particulate carbonaceous material or feedstock such as coal, waste material, coal/waste material mixtures, or the like, can be burnt.
  • a solid particulate carbonaceous material or feedstock such as coal, waste material, coal/waste material mixtures, or the like.
  • the coal gasifier may then, still more particularly, be a fixed bed coal gasifier.
  • a gasifier installation which includes a gasifier having a floor, a roof spaced from the floor, and a circular cylindrical wall between the floor and the roof, with a solid particulate carbonaceous material inlet being provided in or adjacent the roof while an ash outlet is provided in or adjacent the floor, and providing a gasification chamber; ash discharge means in the gasification chamber, above the ash outlet, for discharging ash from the gasification chamber; a vessel below the ash outlet of the gasifier, the vessel providing an ash chamber and having an ash inlet aligned with the ash outlet of the gasifier as well as an outlet at a lower level than the ash inlet; carrier liquid introduction means for introducing a carrier liquid into the ash chamber; and discharge means at the vessel outlet, for discharging a mixture of ash and carrier liquid from the ash chamber.
  • the ash discharge means may, in particular, be a rotatable grate.
  • the carrier liquid may, as hereinbefore set out, be water.
  • the carrier liquid introduction means may include at least one water conduit leading into the ash chamber, and the conduit may be fitted with a control valve for regulating the water supply to the ash chamber.
  • the installation may include level measurement means, such as a nuclear level measurement device, for measuring the level of the ash/water mixture in the ash chamber.
  • the discharge means at the vessel outlet may comprise a rotatable discharge member having a discharge cavity.
  • the discharge cavity will move from a first position in which it is aligned with the mixture outlet of the ash chamber so that some of the ash/carrier liquid mixture enters it, to a second position in which the ash/carrier liquid mixture is discharged under gravity from the discharge cavity and in which the discharge member closes off the mixture outlet, whereafter the discharge cavity again rotates into register with the mixture outlet, and so on.
  • the rotatable discharge member can be driven by a variable speed electric or hydraulic motor via a chain, gear or belt drive.
  • the discharge member may form part of a rotary valve mounted to the vessel outlet.
  • the gasifier may, in particular, be a coal gasifier, and still more particularly may be a fixed bed coal gasifier.
  • FIGURE 1 shows, diagrammatically, a part longitudinal or vertical sectional view of a fixed bed coal gasifier installation according to the invention.
  • FIGURE 2 shows, diagrammatically, an enlarged part longitudinal or vertical sectional view of part of the installation of Figure 1 .
  • reference numeral 10 generally indicates a fixed bed coal gasifier installation.
  • the installation 10 includes a gasifier, generally indicated by reference numeral 1 2.
  • the gasifier 12 has a floor 14, a roof 1 6 spaced from the floor, and a circular cylindrical wall 18 between the wall and the roof.
  • the floor 1 , roof 1 6 and wall 18 are of jacketed or double-wall construction so that they have cavities or spaces 20 through which water can circulate as a cooling medium.
  • a coal inlet, generally indicated by reference numeral 22, is provided in the roof 1 6.
  • the inlet 22 is defined by a cylindrical member 24, to the upper end of which is mounted a coal lock 26. To the lower end of the cylindrical member 24 is attached a static coal distribution device 28.
  • An ash outlet, generally indicated by reference numeral 30, is provided in the floor 14, while a rotatable ash grate 32 is provided within the gasifier 12 above the ash outlet 30.
  • the grate 32 is mounted immediately above the floor 14, and the floor 14 slopes downwardly inwardly from the wall 18 to the ash outlet 30.
  • the gasifier 12 provides a coal gasification chamber, generally indicated by reference numeral 34.
  • a coal gasification chamber 34 In use, an ash bed 36 will be present in the coal gasification chamber 34 immediately above the grate 32, with a coal bed 38 being provided above the ash bed 36.
  • the installation 10 also includes a vessel, generally indicated by reference numeral 40, providing an ash chamber 41 .
  • the vessel 40 includes a cylindrical wall 42. The upper end of the wall 42 is closed off with a domed top 44 provided with a flanged connection 46 which provides an ash inlet 48 in the domed top 44.
  • the flanged connection 46 is connected to a flanged connection 50 around the ash outlet 30 of the gasifier 12.
  • the vessel 40 also includes a downwardly inwardly tapering floor 52 which has, at its apex, a flanged connection 54 providing an outlet 56.
  • An upper conical closure member 58 is provided within the chamber 41 , immediately below the inlet 48.
  • the closure 58 provides a top pressure seal and can be actuated by means of an actuating arm (not shown) to enable isolation of the chamber 41 for maintenance.
  • a temperature measurement point 60 is provided in the domed top 44 as is a high pressure steam arrangement 62 for pressurizing the vessel 40 and for purging it.
  • the vessel 40 also includes a nuclear level measurement device (not shown) for measuring the level of an ash/water mixture in the vessel 40.
  • the installation 10 also includes a rotary valve, generally indicated by reference numeral 80.
  • the rotary valve 80 has a body 82 provided with an inlet flanged connection 84 as well as an outlet flanged connection 86.
  • the inlet flanged connection 84 is connected to the flanged connection 54 of the vessel 40, while the outlet flanged connection 86 is connected to the flanged connection 88 of an ash chute 90.
  • a rotatable valve component or discharge member 92 having a discharge cavity 94 for receiving a water/ash mixture as hereinafter described, is located within the body 82.
  • the fixed bed coal gasifier 12 is operated in known fashion so as to have the ash bed 36 and the coal bed 38, with coal being introduced into the gasification chamber 34 from the coal lock 26 as desired. Hot ash is continuously discharged through the ash outlet 30 by means of the rotating ash grate 32.
  • a reaction zone (not shown) is provided between the ash bed 36 and the coal bed 38. Fresh coal thus enters the reaction or gasification zone from the coal bed 38, is burnt in the reaction zone, and then passes as ash into the ash bed 36 from where it is discarded or discharged through the ash outlet 30.
  • the reaction or gasification zone in turn has three zones (not shown) in which drying, devolatilization and gasification is effected.
  • a body of water 96 having a substantially constant volume, is maintained within the chamber 41 .
  • the water 96 apart from acting to cool or quench the hot ash particles 98, will also, in view of its incompressible nature, accommodate pressure relief across the chamber 41 .
  • the gasifier 12 operates at an elevated pressure of about 30 bar.
  • the ash/water mixture can be discharged from the relatively high pressure of the gasifier, which will also be the pressure in the upper section of the chamber 41 , to atmospheric pressure in the chute 90, by means of the rotary valve 80.
  • the fixed bed coal gasifier 12 may, in particular, be that available under the trade name LURGI.
  • the Applicant is aware of a gasifier installation similar to that of the installation 10. However, instead of the ash chamber 40, an ash lock is mounted to the flanged connection 50 of the gasifier 12.
  • the ash lock has an upper ash inlet and a lower ash outlet.
  • the ash lock has an upper closure or valve member, similar to the closure member 58, for closing off the ash inlet, and also has a similar bottom closure member or valve closing off the outlet of the ash lock.
  • the top and bottom valves are both operated by arm or lever mechanisms.
  • hot ash is removed from the gasifier 1 2 by means of a batch process, as follows: When the ash lock is full of ash, rotation of the ash grate 32 is stopped to suspend flow of ash into the ash lock. The ash lock top valve is then closed to isolate the ash lock from the gasifier 12. The ash lock is then depressurised through a water filled expansion drum, whereafter the ash lock bottom valve (which has been closed up to this point) is opened. Dry ash then flows from the ash lock into the ash chute or sluiceway 90 and is carried away in a water canal. The bottom valve is then closed and the ash lock repressurized to the gasifier operating pressure by high pressure steam, whereafter the top valve is again opened. The grate is then brought back into operation and ash again flows into the ash lock.
  • the stop-start operation of the ash grate introduces operational instabilities.
  • the function of the ash grate is two-fold: (i) to remove ash from the gasification chamber of the gasifier, thereby to allow fresh coal to be fed into the gasifier, and (ii) to distribute the gasification agent, ie a mixture of steam and oxygen.
  • the reaction zone ie the interface of the coal bed 38 with the ash bed 36, to move vertically up towards the top of the gasifier 12, resulting in a rise in temperature in the upper parts of the gasifier.
  • the hot ash that is produced in the gasifier 1 2 is an extremely abrasive medium.
  • the flow of the ash over the ash lock walls cause accelerated metal loss that requires extensive weld repairs to restore the wall thickness to safe limits.
  • Two independent operating or actuating arms are required to actuate the top and bottom closure members or valves of the ash lock.
  • This is a mechanically intensive configuration.
  • the arms are driven by an extensive hydraulic system that requires synchronous operation.
  • the arms extend through pressure bearing envelopes, and pressure tight seals are accomplished by means of packing arrangements.
  • These operating arms are maintenance intensive and require daily preventative actions to ensure reliability.
  • Substantial supporting equipment is also required in the known installations. These include the expansion vessel hereinbefore described and pressurizing valves, which are both maintenance intensive.
  • an expansion vessel is used as hereinbefore described. This vessel is subject to statutory maintenance requirements, and often gives rise to failures associated with blockages and fouling.
  • the related pressurizing and depressurising valves are also prone to a high rate of failure.
  • the rate of ash removal can be varied or adjusted to match the rate of ash production. Still further, since the body of water 96 provides the necessary pressure relief, the chamber 40 does not operate by way of pressurizing/depressurising cycles. It is also expected that the installation 10 will be subject to less maintenance as a result of the elimination of supporting equipment such as the expansion vessel.
  • the installation 10 will have improved reliability in view of its mechanical simplification as compared to the known installation; that raw gas quality will be improved as a result of the stable reaction conditions in the gasifier 10; and that an improved mean gas production rate will be brought about by the reduction of load cutback events associated with ash removal system failures.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)

Abstract

Un procédé de décharge de cendres d'un gazéfieur consiste à décharger les cendres chaudes d'une chambre de gazéification, par une ouverture de décharge de cendres située dans le plancher du gazéificateur ou à proximité de ce dernier, dans une chambre à cendres. Les cendres chaudes sont mélangées à un liquide support dans la chambre à cendres et un mélange cendres/liquide support est retiré de cette dernière.
PCT/IB2002/003483 2001-08-28 2002-08-27 Gazeifieurs WO2003018720A2 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU2002328185A AU2002328185A1 (en) 2001-08-28 2002-08-27 Apparatus and prcess for discharging ash from a high pressure gasifier

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
ZA200107117 2001-08-28
ZA2001/7117 2001-08-28

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2003018720A2 true WO2003018720A2 (fr) 2003-03-06
WO2003018720A3 WO2003018720A3 (fr) 2004-06-17

Family

ID=25589286

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/IB2002/003483 WO2003018720A2 (fr) 2001-08-28 2002-08-27 Gazeifieurs

Country Status (2)

Country Link
AU (1) AU2002328185A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2003018720A2 (fr)

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2006131281A1 (fr) 2005-06-10 2006-12-14 Ws Reformer Reacteur de gazeification a lit solide
WO2010028203A2 (fr) * 2008-09-04 2010-03-11 Econo-Power International Corp. Appareil de gazéification sous pression permettant de convertir du charbon ou un autre matériau carboné en gaz tout en produisant une quantité minimale de goudron
WO2010109501A1 (fr) * 2009-03-26 2010-09-30 Elio Faussone Système et procédé de pyrolyse et de gazéification de substances organiques
WO2012019982A1 (fr) 2010-08-09 2012-02-16 Basf Se Compositions thermoplastiques à mouler ayant une adhérence améliorée sur une couche de métal électroplaquée
WO2012080407A1 (fr) 2010-12-16 2012-06-21 Basf Se Compositions thermoplastiques moulables pour articles plaqués métal de résistance améliorée aux impacts répétés
CN102776031A (zh) * 2011-05-09 2012-11-14 龚泽 一种气化炉水盘式清渣装置
CN104403694A (zh) * 2014-10-16 2015-03-11 煤炭科学技术研究院有限公司 一种固定床气化炉的液态连续排渣器及排渣方法
KR101530253B1 (ko) 2013-05-28 2015-06-22 고등기술연구원연구조합 고온 고압 가스화기의 연속식 슬랙 배출장치

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1495831A (en) * 1974-02-15 1977-12-21 Kamyr Inc Coal gasification process with procedure for continuously discharging ash particles and apparatus therefor

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1495831A (en) * 1974-02-15 1977-12-21 Kamyr Inc Coal gasification process with procedure for continuously discharging ash particles and apparatus therefor

Cited By (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101198676B (zh) * 2005-06-10 2012-08-29 Ws重整设备有限公司 固定床气化炉和借助其对散堆中的固体燃料气化的方法
US7967880B2 (en) 2005-06-10 2011-06-28 Ws Reformer Gmbh Fix bed gasifier with radiant heating device
WO2006131281A1 (fr) 2005-06-10 2006-12-14 Ws Reformer Reacteur de gazeification a lit solide
WO2010028203A2 (fr) * 2008-09-04 2010-03-11 Econo-Power International Corp. Appareil de gazéification sous pression permettant de convertir du charbon ou un autre matériau carboné en gaz tout en produisant une quantité minimale de goudron
US9587186B2 (en) 2008-09-04 2017-03-07 Epic Clean Technologies Corporation Pressurized gasification apparatus to convert coal or other carbonaceous material to gas while producing a minimum amount of tar
WO2010028203A3 (fr) * 2008-09-04 2010-10-21 Econo-Power International Corp. Appareil de gazéification sous pression permettant de convertir du charbon ou un autre matériau carboné en gaz tout en produisant une quantité minimale de goudron
US8776700B2 (en) 2009-03-26 2014-07-15 Elio Faussone System and process for the pyrolysation and gasification of organic substances
WO2010109501A1 (fr) * 2009-03-26 2010-09-30 Elio Faussone Système et procédé de pyrolyse et de gazéification de substances organiques
WO2012019982A1 (fr) 2010-08-09 2012-02-16 Basf Se Compositions thermoplastiques à mouler ayant une adhérence améliorée sur une couche de métal électroplaquée
WO2012080407A1 (fr) 2010-12-16 2012-06-21 Basf Se Compositions thermoplastiques moulables pour articles plaqués métal de résistance améliorée aux impacts répétés
US9650506B2 (en) 2010-12-16 2017-05-16 Ineos Styrolution Europe Gmbh Thermoplastic moulding compositions for metal plated articles with improved resistance against repeated impact
CN102776031A (zh) * 2011-05-09 2012-11-14 龚泽 一种气化炉水盘式清渣装置
KR101530253B1 (ko) 2013-05-28 2015-06-22 고등기술연구원연구조합 고온 고압 가스화기의 연속식 슬랙 배출장치
CN104403694A (zh) * 2014-10-16 2015-03-11 煤炭科学技术研究院有限公司 一种固定床气化炉的液态连续排渣器及排渣方法
CN104403694B (zh) * 2014-10-16 2017-02-15 煤炭科学技术研究院有限公司 一种固定床气化炉的液态连续排渣器及排渣方法

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AU2002328185A1 (en) 2003-03-10
WO2003018720A3 (fr) 2004-06-17

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