WO2003006759A1 - A method for removal of dampness from buildings by the crystalline injection technique - Google Patents
A method for removal of dampness from buildings by the crystalline injection technique Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2003006759A1 WO2003006759A1 PCT/PL2001/000059 PL0100059W WO03006759A1 WO 2003006759 A1 WO2003006759 A1 WO 2003006759A1 PL 0100059 W PL0100059 W PL 0100059W WO 03006759 A1 WO03006759 A1 WO 03006759A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- sodium
- dampness
- removal
- injection
- water
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000012190 activator Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- KSQXVLVXUFHGJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium ortho-phenylphenate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 KSQXVLVXUFHGJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000011398 Portland cement Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000003673 groundwater Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000007900 aqueous suspension Substances 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000019795 sodium metasilicate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052911 sodium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052913 potassium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 235000019353 potassium silicate Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 125000005625 siliconate group Chemical group 0.000 claims 1
- NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium silicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 9
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 8
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 5
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000004115 Sodium Silicate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000855 fungicidal effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 2
- BHPQYMZQTOCNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium cation Chemical compound [Ca+2] BHPQYMZQTOCNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000570065 Domene Species 0.000 description 1
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011449 brick Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000920 calcium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011116 calcium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910001424 calcium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000378 calcium silicate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052918 calcium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- OYACROKNLOSFPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium;dioxido(oxo)silane Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-][Si]([O-])=O OYACROKNLOSFPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002860 competitive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010494 dissociation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005593 dissociations Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000206 health hazard Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002209 hydrophobic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010755 mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- -1 silicate ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000002269 spontaneous effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
- E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
- E04B1/64—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor for making damp-proof; Protection against corrosion
- E04B1/644—Damp-proof courses
- E04B1/648—Damp-proof courses obtained by injection or infiltration of water-proofing agents into an existing wall
Definitions
- the subject of the invention is a method for the removal of dampness from the walls of masonry buildings which became damp as a result of capillary rise of groundwater in the wall material, which consists in injecting of an aqueous mixture into a number of holes drilled in a building partition to be treated, the mixture includes portland cement and specially developed inorganic and organic silicate activators with an addition of an agent that controls the unfavourable convection effects in the capillary liquids which disturb the desirable process of self-organisation of crystals.
- ionic components of this injection mixture in diffusing inside the water-filled capillaries of the masonry wall material, produce a horizontal or vertical damp-proof insulation in the wall as a result of a specific crystallisation of some water-insoluble compounds, thereby sealing off the pores and capillaries in the zone of the purposely drilled injection holes
- a surfactant is added into the injection preparation, which favourably reduces viscosity of the injection preparation, thus increases diffusion rate, which results in the desirable increase in the radius of penetration of the agents that build the damp-proofing barrier in walls
- the insulation produced from domenes of crystals that are arranged in concentric spherical rings in space can be seen in a vertical or horizontal cross-section as a number of concentric rings of an increasingly greater radius.
- the performance of the barrier thus produced is of indefinite lifetime, irrespective of the initial moisture content and salinity in the walls, as the radius of penetration of the injection preparation according to the invention is the larger, the high initial moisture content in the wall.
- This property of the crystalline injection technique makes it different from all the other wall dampness removal techniques known in the art, as a greater wall moisture results there in a reduced penetration radius or in the need to resort to the expensive heat sources to pre-dry the wall prior to the injection operation.
- the method according to this invention consists in a suitable preparation of the injection mixture, which includes portland cement, an activator in the form of sodium metasilicate and/or sodium polysilicate, sodium/potassium methylsiliconate, sodium orthophenylphenolate as a surfactant, and water, the ratio by weight of the components: cement to activator preferably ranging from 1:1 to 10:0.2, whereas the ratio of sodium metasilicate, potassium metylsiliconate and sodium orthophenylphenolate and water is preferably 1:0.2:0.05:4, respectively.
- the horizontal damp-proof insulation consist in first drilling in the wall from which dampness is to be removed holes arranged on a horizontal line parallel to the floor.
- the holes 20 mm in diameter are drilled at an angle of 15-30 degrees every 12-16 cm to a depth equal to the wall thickness minus 5-10 cm. Additional water is poured into the holes thus made prior to the introduction of the injection preparation in a quantity at least equal to the volume of the holes but not more than 0.5 1 for the walls ca. two ceramic brick thick.
- the amount of the preparation introduced by gravity into the holes according to the invention is equivalent to the volume of the hole drilled.
- the holes are filled up with the same preparation and made level with the wall face using a spatula.
- the damp-proofing barrier of the crystalline kind is ati depending on diffusion rate which depends on temperature.
- the sealing effect of the preparation according to the invention consists in that the silicate ions dissolved in water along with calcium ions derived from specific dissociation of portlandite, the mineral present in portland cement, make water-insoluble calcium silicate to precipitate in the capillaries.
- a characteristic feature of the precipitated crystals is that their precipitation at the outer end of the capillary at the injection hole do not stop the precipitation reaction components to penetrate deeper into the capillary. This effect, which is unexpectedly beneficial from the technological viewpoint, is enhanced by the sealing function of the silicone compounds and the action of the fungicidal surfactant that accelerates the diffusion rate.
- the crystallisation products become arranged unexpectedly about the injection hole in the form of concentric rings that are spaced initially several millimetres and then the distance between the rings gradually increase to reach about one centimetre at a distance of ca. 10 cm from the centre of the injection hole.
- the mechanism of the reaction proceeds initially through crystallisation to form very fine crystals in the whole bulk involved in the diffusion process, and subsequently through a spontaneous process referred to as self-organisation of crystals to produce crystalline domains as well as domains not containing crystals.
- thermodynamic driving force that occurs in a homogeneous sol, admittedly being the result of a competitive growth of molecules on account of the dependence of the equilibrium constant on the radius of the molecule which is due to surface tension.
- a number of images of the structures formed are obtained which resemble the Liesegang rings.
- the formation of the whole of the barrier in its thermodvnamic mechanism reflects the so-called Prieoeinian effects (the 4 th nrincinle of thermodynamics) occurring irreversibly in states far from the thermodynamic equilibrium.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Working Measures On Existing Buildindgs (AREA)
- Building Environments (AREA)
- Curing Cements, Concrete, And Artificial Stone (AREA)
- Consolidation Of Soil By Introduction Of Solidifying Substances Into Soil (AREA)
- Silicates, Zeolites, And Molecular Sieves (AREA)
- Soil Conditioners And Soil-Stabilizing Materials (AREA)
- Drying Of Gases (AREA)
- Drying Of Solid Materials (AREA)
Abstract
A method for the removal of dampness from buildings, the walls of which became damp because of capillary rise of groundwater, by the crystalline injection method, wherein into purposely drilled holes in the wall, made preferably at the same level from 10 to 18 cm apart at an angle of 15 to 30 degrees previously soaked with water, upon their previous additional soaking with water, is introduced a mixture of aqueous suspension of portland cement, a silicone activator with sodium siliconate and sodium orthophenylphenolate and water taken in a quantity such that the mixture have a homogenous, liquid consistency and is self-levelling in the vessel so that during its gravitational introducing into the injection holes no air plugs could form.
Description
A Method for the Removal of Dampness froiL _ by the Crystalline Injection Technique
The subject of the invention is a method for the removal of dampness from the walls of masonry buildings which became damp as a result of capillary rise of groundwater in the wall material, which consists in injecting of an aqueous mixture into a number of holes drilled in a building partition to be treated, the mixture includes portland cement and specially developed inorganic and organic silicate activators with an addition of an agent that controls the unfavourable convection effects in the capillary liquids which disturb the desirable process of self-organisation of crystals. The ionic components of this injection mixture, in diffusing inside the water-filled capillaries of the masonry wall material, produce a horizontal or vertical damp-proof insulation in the wall as a result of a specific crystallisation of some water-insoluble compounds, thereby sealing off the pores and capillaries in the zone of the purposely drilled injection holes Additionally, to accelerate the diffusion processes, a surfactant is added into the injection preparation, which favourably reduces viscosity of the injection preparation, thus increases diffusion rate, which results in the desirable increase in the radius of penetration of the agents that build the damp-proofing barrier in walls
Know in the art related to the techniques of the removal of dampness absorbed from ground by masonry walls are a number of modified techniques of the crystalline injection methods covered by Polish patents nos. 153 294 and 160 174 and the patent application P. 338937. In the technique described in the former two patents the resultant penetration radiuses of the crystalline injectate are unsatisfactorily large, while the crystals self-organisation effect at high concentration gradients and at very low temperatures becomes disturbed at larger distances from the injection hole centres. The use of microwave generators, on the other hand, reduces diffusion rate and, in consequence, increases the penetration radius. However, it poses a great health hazard to the crew and the users of the buildings being treated. Also, the process of the heating of the injection zone on injecting the walls can easily get out of control.
Unexpectedly good effects were achieved upon addition of a surface-active agent into the injection preparation, as the radius of penetration of the damp-proofing agent that stops groundwater from rising up the masonry wall by the capillary rise effect. It was also found that the presence in the injection preparation of a hydrophobic compound such as potassium or sodium methylsiliconates and of a surfactant sodium ortho-phenylphenolate of fungicidal
properties substantially reduces the disturbances of the crystaia acu-uigamsauun mecπanism which underlies the process of production of damp-proof insulation in walls. The insulation produced from domenes of crystals that are arranged in concentric spherical rings in space can be seen in a vertical or horizontal cross-section as a number of concentric rings of an increasingly greater radius. The performance of the barrier thus produced is of indefinite lifetime, irrespective of the initial moisture content and salinity in the walls, as the radius of penetration of the injection preparation according to the invention is the larger, the high initial moisture content in the wall. This property of the crystalline injection technique makes it different from all the other wall dampness removal techniques known in the art, as a greater wall moisture results there in a reduced penetration radius or in the need to resort to the expensive heat sources to pre-dry the wall prior to the injection operation.
The method according to this invention consists in a suitable preparation of the injection mixture, which includes portland cement, an activator in the form of sodium metasilicate and/or sodium polysilicate, sodium/potassium methylsiliconate, sodium orthophenylphenolate as a surfactant, and water, the ratio by weight of the components: cement to activator preferably ranging from 1:1 to 10:0.2, whereas the ratio of sodium metasilicate, potassium metylsiliconate and sodium orthophenylphenolate and water is preferably 1:0.2:0.05:4, respectively. Unexpectedly, the presence of sodium or potassium methylsiliconate and of sodium orthophenylphenolate proved to be favourable as concerns a clearly increased penetration radius for the injection mixture and rendered the insulation membrane more flexible even at low temperatures of the walls in wintertime, as compared with the treatment with the injection mixture without these additives. The penetration radius increased by ca. 25%. .
The horizontal damp-proof insulation consist in first drilling in the wall from which dampness is to be removed holes arranged on a horizontal line parallel to the floor. The holes, 20 mm in diameter are drilled at an angle of 15-30 degrees every 12-16 cm to a depth equal to the wall thickness minus 5-10 cm. Additional water is poured into the holes thus made prior to the introduction of the injection preparation in a quantity at least equal to the volume of the holes but not more than 0.5 1 for the walls ca. two ceramic brick thick. The amount of the preparation introduced by gravity into the holes according to the invention is equivalent to the volume of the hole drilled. Upon termination of the injecting operation the holes are filled up with the same preparation and made level with the wall face using a spatula.
The damp-proofing barrier of the crystalline kind is ati depending on diffusion rate which depends on temperature. The sealing effect of the preparation according to the invention consists in that the silicate ions dissolved in water along with calcium ions derived from specific dissociation of portlandite, the mineral present in portland cement, make water-insoluble calcium silicate to precipitate in the capillaries. A characteristic feature of the precipitated crystals is that their precipitation at the outer end of the capillary at the injection hole do not stop the precipitation reaction components to penetrate deeper into the capillary. This effect, which is unexpectedly beneficial from the technological viewpoint, is enhanced by the sealing function of the silicone compounds and the action of the fungicidal surfactant that accelerates the diffusion rate.
As shown by laboratory testing, during the dampness-removal treatment by the crystalline injection technique according to the invention, the crystallisation products become arranged unexpectedly about the injection hole in the form of concentric rings that are spaced initially several millimetres and then the distance between the rings gradually increase to reach about one centimetre at a distance of ca. 10 cm from the centre of the injection hole. The mechanism of the reaction proceeds initially through crystallisation to form very fine crystals in the whole bulk involved in the diffusion process, and subsequently through a spontaneous process referred to as self-organisation of crystals to produce crystalline domains as well as domains not containing crystals.
An explanation of this effect is a thermodynamic driving force that occurs in a homogeneous sol, admittedly being the result of a competitive growth of molecules on account of the dependence of the equilibrium constant on the radius of the molecule which is due to surface tension. As a result of this effect a number of images of the structures formed are obtained which resemble the Liesegang rings. The formation of the whole of the barrier in its thermodvnamic mechanism reflects the so-called Prieoeinian effects (the 4th nrincinle of thermodynamics) occurring irreversibly in states far from the thermodynamic equilibrium.
Claims
CLAIM
The method for the removal of dampness from buildings, the walls of which became damp because of the capillary rise of groundwater, by the crystalline injection method, wherein into the purposely drilled holes in the wall, made preferably at the same level, from 10 to 18 cm apart, at an angle of 15 to 30 degrees, previously soaked with water taekn in a quantity equal to the hole volume, is injected a mixture of aqueous suspension of portland cement and an activator, which is sodium or potassium metasilicate. preferably at a cement to activator ratio by weight equalling from 1:1 to 10:0.2 with an addition of alkali metal siliconates and sodium orthophenylphenolate, taken preferably in the proportion: activator / siliconate / orthophenylphenolate equal to 1:1:0.1. whereupon following the injecting, to accelerate first the diffusion then the crystallisation processes, the holes are stopped with a thicker injection preparation and, using spatula, floated snugly with the wall face.
Priority Applications (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DK01945853T DK1327033T3 (en) | 2001-07-12 | 2001-07-13 | Process for removing moisture from buildings by the crystalline injection technique |
| DE60106288T DE60106288T2 (en) | 2001-07-12 | 2001-07-13 | METHOD FOR DEHUMIDIFYING BUILDINGS BY CRYSTALLINE INJECTION TECHNOLOGY |
| EP01945853A EP1327033B1 (en) | 2001-07-12 | 2001-07-13 | A method for the removal of dampness from buildings by the cristalline injection technique |
| AT01945853T ATE278848T1 (en) | 2001-07-12 | 2001-07-13 | METHOD FOR DEHUMIDIFYING BUILDINGS USING CRYSTALLINE INJECTION TECHNOLOGY |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| PL348622A PL191347B1 (en) | 2001-07-12 | 2001-07-12 | Method of dehumidification of buildings by crystalline injection |
| PLP.348622 | 2001-07-12 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2003006759A1 true WO2003006759A1 (en) | 2003-01-23 |
Family
ID=20079138
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/PL2001/000059 WO2003006759A1 (en) | 2001-07-12 | 2001-07-13 | A method for removal of dampness from buildings by the crystalline injection technique |
Country Status (7)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP1327033B1 (en) |
| AT (1) | ATE278848T1 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE60106288T2 (en) |
| DK (1) | DK1327033T3 (en) |
| ES (1) | ES2228895T3 (en) |
| PL (1) | PL191347B1 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2003006759A1 (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6722262B2 (en) | 2002-03-06 | 2004-04-20 | Honeywell International, Inc. | Pneumatic actuator with a nested diaphragm assembly |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4867791A (en) * | 1986-10-16 | 1989-09-19 | Hans Jaklin | Process for subsurface reconstruction of buildings reinforced with constructional steel |
| DE4418441A1 (en) * | 1994-05-26 | 1995-11-30 | Hoecker Hans Peter | Method of draining or drying brickwork |
-
2001
- 2001-07-12 PL PL348622A patent/PL191347B1/en unknown
- 2001-07-13 WO PCT/PL2001/000059 patent/WO2003006759A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 2001-07-13 ES ES01945853T patent/ES2228895T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-07-13 EP EP01945853A patent/EP1327033B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-07-13 AT AT01945853T patent/ATE278848T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2001-07-13 DE DE60106288T patent/DE60106288T2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-07-13 DK DK01945853T patent/DK1327033T3/en active
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4867791A (en) * | 1986-10-16 | 1989-09-19 | Hans Jaklin | Process for subsurface reconstruction of buildings reinforced with constructional steel |
| DE4418441A1 (en) * | 1994-05-26 | 1995-11-30 | Hoecker Hans Peter | Method of draining or drying brickwork |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6722262B2 (en) | 2002-03-06 | 2004-04-20 | Honeywell International, Inc. | Pneumatic actuator with a nested diaphragm assembly |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| ES2228895T3 (en) | 2005-04-16 |
| EP1327033B1 (en) | 2004-10-06 |
| PL348622A1 (en) | 2003-01-13 |
| DE60106288T2 (en) | 2005-02-17 |
| EP1327033A1 (en) | 2003-07-16 |
| DK1327033T3 (en) | 2004-12-06 |
| ATE278848T1 (en) | 2004-10-15 |
| PL191347B1 (en) | 2006-05-31 |
| DE60106288D1 (en) | 2004-11-11 |
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