WO2003079793A1 - Composition comprising zoanthus sp. extract with anti-fouling acrtivity and a use thereof - Google Patents
Composition comprising zoanthus sp. extract with anti-fouling acrtivity and a use thereof Download PDFInfo
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- WO2003079793A1 WO2003079793A1 PCT/IB2002/001153 IB0201153W WO03079793A1 WO 2003079793 A1 WO2003079793 A1 WO 2003079793A1 IB 0201153 W IB0201153 W IB 0201153W WO 03079793 A1 WO03079793 A1 WO 03079793A1
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- Prior art keywords
- extract
- fractions
- diatoms
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- present
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- 239000000284 extract Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 64
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 241001512733 Zoanthus sp. Species 0.000 title abstract description 11
- 230000003373 anti-fouling effect Effects 0.000 title description 19
- 230000012010 growth Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 230000000844 anti-bacterial effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000002519 antifouling agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 230000000813 microbial effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000000287 crude extract Substances 0.000 claims description 51
- 241000206761 Bacillariophyta Species 0.000 claims description 43
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 42
- 241001512728 Zoanthus Species 0.000 claims description 41
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 36
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 17
- 230000009036 growth inhibition Effects 0.000 claims description 17
- 230000005764 inhibitory process Effects 0.000 claims description 16
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chloroform Chemical compound ClC(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Butanol Chemical compound CCCCO LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 claims description 13
- 241000206747 Cylindrotheca closterium Species 0.000 claims description 12
- 241000502321 Navicula Species 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000012223 aqueous fraction Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000001580 bacterial effect Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 241000169279 Zoantharia Species 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002034 butanolic fraction Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002036 chloroform fraction Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229920001817 Agar Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000008272 agar Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 241000193755 Bacillus cereus Species 0.000 claims description 5
- 241000193752 Bacillus circulans Species 0.000 claims description 5
- 241000700108 Ctenophora <comb jellyfish phylum> Species 0.000 claims description 5
- 241000589776 Pseudomonas putida Species 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000006285 cell suspension Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 241000131418 Brevundimonas vesicularis Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000003698 anagen phase Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000006327 marine agar Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000001963 growth medium Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000012454 non-polar solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002798 polar solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 14
- 238000003556 assay Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 241000194103 Bacillus pumilus Species 0.000 description 3
- 241000195493 Cryptophyta Species 0.000 description 3
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 230000007123 defense Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000011550 stock solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 241000124001 Alcyonacea Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000589516 Pseudomonas Species 0.000 description 2
- 230000000845 anti-microbial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001747 exhibiting effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005194 fractionation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001418 larval effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002609 medium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000401 methanolic extract Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229930014626 natural product Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000700670 Bryozoa Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000233866 Fungi Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000243142 Porifera Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000006862 Zoanthidae Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000011482 antibacterial activity assay Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000975 bioactive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004166 bioassay Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012512 characterization method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001332 colony forming effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002054 inoculum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002207 metabolite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000144 pharmacologic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000029553 photosynthesis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010672 photosynthesis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229930000044 secondary metabolite Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 238000000935 solvent evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N63/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing microorganisms, viruses, microbial fungi, animals or substances produced by, or obtained from, microorganisms, viruses, microbial fungi or animals, e.g. enzymes or fermentates
- A01N63/10—Animals; Substances produced thereby or obtained therefrom
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a composition useful as an anti-fouling agent by inhibiting microbial growth, said composition comprising extract and/or its fractions from Zoanthus sp. and optionally de-odorizing agents and a use of producing said extract and its fractions having about 100% anti-bacterial activity fouling microbes.
- Zoanthids are benthic, sessile, colony forming organisms, comprising of thousands of individual polyps.
- Several chemical compounds have been isolated from zoanthids, possessing various pharmacological properties (Moore and Scheuer, 1971, Science, 172, 495-498; Cimino et al., 1973, ; Sturaro et al., 1982; Rao et al., 1985, J.Org.Chem, 50, 3757-3760; Bakus et al., 1986, J.Chem.Ecol, 12, 951-987; Quinn, 1988, in Bioorganic Marine Chemistry, P.j. Scheuer ed. Vol. 2, 25-27; Shigemori et al., 1999, J Nat.
- the main object of the present invention is to develop a composition comprising an extract from Zoanthus species.
- Another main object of the present invention is to develop a composition having antifouling property. Yet another object of the present invention is to develop fractions from extract of animal Zoanthus species.
- Still another object of the present invention is to develop a use of preparing composition comprising an extract from Zoanthus species. Still another object of the present invention is to develop a use of preparing said composition having 100% anti-bacterial activity.
- Still another object of the present invention is to develop a use of preparing said composition with anti-microbial activity wherein, said activity is particularly effective against bacteria and diatoms.
- the present invention relates to a composition useful as an anti-fouling agent by inhibiting microbial growth, said composition comprising extract and/or its fractions from Zoanthus sp. and optionally de-odorizing agents and a use of producing said extract and its fractions having about 100% anti-bacterial activity fouling microbes.
- a composition useful as an anti-fouling agent by inhibiting microbial growth said composition comprising extract and/or its fractions from Zoanthus sp. and optionally de-odorizing agents and a use of producing said extract and its fractions having about 100% anti-bacterial activity fouling microbes.
- the present invention relates to a composition useful as an anti-fouling agent by inhibiting microbial growth, said composition comprising extract and/or its fractions from Zoanthus sp. and optionally de-odorizing agents and a use of producing said extract and its fractions having about 100% anti-bacterial activity fouling microbes.
- a composition comprising extract and/ or its fractions from Zoanthus sp, and optionally de-odorizing agents wherein said composition is useful as an anti-fouling agent against microbes.
- extract and its fractions are prepared by using either polar or non-polar solvent.
- animal species preferably used for said activity is Coelenterata Zoanthidea.
- composition is prepared by using whole body tissue of said species.
- de-odorizing agent shows no affect on the activity of said extract and fractions.
- ratio of said extract and/or fractions and de-odorizing agent is ranging between 1: 1 to 1: 10.
- said composition is particularly effective against bacteria and diatoms.
- a use of producing an extract and its fractions from Zoanthus sp, useful as an anti-fouling agent by inhibiting microbial growth is provided.
- determining anti-diatomic activity of crude extract and said fractions separately by placing diatoms with initial cell suspension of concentration ranging between 100 to 5000 cells/ml in flasks.
- concentration of said extract against bacteria is preferably about 0.5 mg/mm of diameter disc.
- said extract is incubated at preferably 28°C.
- fractionating solvents are selected from a group comprising petroleum ether, chloroform, n-butanol, and aqueous.
- dissolving non-polar fraction petroleum ether in acetone 0.005-. 01 ml.
- bacteria are selected from a group comprising Bacillus cereus, B. circulans, pseudomonas vesicularis, and p. putida.
- antibacterial activity of extract is 100%.
- diatoms are selected from a group comprising Navicula subinflata and Nitzschia closterium.
- n-butanol fraction shows about 100%
- aqueous fraction shows inhibitory activity ranging between 70-85 % against diatoms at concentration ranging between 140-25 Oppm.
- the present invention provides a process for the preparation of antifouling crude extract from Zoanthus sp and the said process comprising the steps of: i) Collection of live/fresh specimens of Zoanthus sp from intertidal rocks. ii) Washing the specimens clean with fresh sea water and soaking in methanol for about 10 days iii) Filtering the extract through Whatman filter paper I and vacuum evaporating at 40 U C to concentrate to crude residue.
- the crude extract of Zoanthus sp is exhibiting antibacterial property.
- the crude extract of Zoanthus sp is inhibiting growth of fouling bacteria such as Bacillus cereus, Bacillus circulans, Bacillus pumilus, Pseudomonas vesiciulans and Pseudomonas putida.
- fouling bacteria such as Bacillus cereus, Bacillus circulans, Bacillus pumilus, Pseudomonas vesiciulans and Pseudomonas putida.
- the crude extract of Zoanthus sp is inhibiting growth of fouling diatoms at all concentrations.
- the crude extract of Zoanthus sp is completely inhibiting growth of diatoms, Navicula subinflata at and above 600 ppm concentration and Nitzschia closterium at and above 400 ppm concentration.
- a process for fractionating the crude antifouling extract from Zoanthus sp based on increasing polarity of the solvents, viz. petroleum ether, chloroform, n-butanol and aqueous fractions and testing the antifouling property of all these fractions against the fouling diatoms Navicula subinflata and Nitzschia closterium comprising, obtaining crude extract from live/freshly collected
- the crude extract of Zoanthus sp is fractionated based on increasing polarity of solvents into petroleum ether, chloroform, n-butanol and aqueous fractions.
- all four fractions of the crude extract of Zoanthus sp are inhibiting the growth of fouling diatoms, Navicula subinflata and Nitzschia closterium.
- the percentage inhibition in all the fraction is varying with concentration.
- the petroleum ether fraction of the crude extract of Zoanthus sp is more effective in inhibiting growth of the fouling diatoms Navicula subinflata and Nitzschia closterium. In one more embodiment, the petroleum ether fraction of the crude extract of Zoanthus sp completely inhibits growth of Navicula subinflata at and above 160 ppm and Nitzschia closterium at and above 80 ppm concentrations.
- a process for the preparation of an antifouling crude extract from Zoanthus sp and testing the said crude extract on fouling bacteria and diatoms also relates to a process for fractionation of the crude extract and testing the antifouling property of the fractions on fouling bacteria.
- a process for the preparation of antifouling crude extract from Zoanthus sp and the said process comprising, Collection of live/fresh specimens of Zoanthus sp from intertidal rocks.
- a process for fractionating the crude antifouling extract from Zoanthus sp based on increasing polarity of the solvents, viz. petroleum ether, chloroform, n-butanol and aqueous fractions and testing the antifouling property of all these fractions against fouling diatoms comprising, obtaining crude extract from live/freshly collected Zoanthus sp, washing them clean with sea water, soaking in methanol for about 10 days, filtering the extract through Whatman filter paper I and concentrating to crude residue under vacuum at 40°C.
- the crude extract of Zoanthus sp is fractionated based on increasing polarity of solvents into petroleum ether, chloroform, n- butanol and aqueous fractions.
- the petroleum ether fraction of the crude extract of Zoanthus sp completely inhibits growth of Navicula subinflata at and above 160 ppm and Nitzschia closterium at and above 80 ppm concentrations.
- all fractions of the crude extract of Zoanthus Sp more particularly the petroleum ether fraction may have potential use as an antifouling agent in the aquatic environment
- Zoanthus sp collected from Anjuna beach (Goa) was used for the invention.
- the animals were carefully scrapped from the intertidal rocks during the low tide period using a metal spatula. About 2 kg wet weight of the specimens were used for the study.
- the specimens were thoroughly washed with fresh seawater and soaked in methanol for 6-10 days for crude extract preparation. Extracts were obtained from the whole body tissue.
- the solvent extract was decanted, filtered through Whatman filter paper I and vacuum evaporated at 40°C to concentrate to crude extract. About 30 gm of crude extract was thus obtained.
- This example illustrates the useology used for preparation of the crude methanol extract from Zoanthus sp Example 2
- bacterial isolates Five bacterial isolates, all belonging to the fouling community were used for the assay.
- the bacterial assays were carried out by agar plate diffusion use (Amade et al., 1987, Mar. Biol, 94, 271-275) using Zobell marine agar (Himedia, Mumbai).
- Bacterial strains used for the assay were Bacillus cereus B. circulans. B. pumilus, Pseudomonas vesicularis and P. putida. Concentrations of 0.5-mg/6mm-diameter disc of the extract prepared in methanol was introduced on sterilized filter paper discs.
- Control flasks contained only the algae cells in medium. Flasks were incubated at room temperature (approx. 28°C) with a 12 hr light and 12 hours dark exposure conditions. Growth inhibition was determined after 6 days i.e., during the exponential growth phase in terms of the number of attached algal cells using a Sedgwick rafter and is expressed as % growth inhibition in Table 2. Extracts that were able to produce 50% growth inhibition were considered as active ones. This example illustrates methodology used for carrying out the/antidiatom assay/utilizing the crude Zoanthus sp.
- the crude extract was then fractionated into four fractions using solvents of increasing polarity viz. petroleum ether, chloroform, n-butanol and aqueous. All fractions were tested for the activity as shown in Table 3 using the use mentioned above.
- Control flasks for these sets contained cells plus acetone (equal volume added to make the stock solution) in the medium.
- This example illustrates the methodology used for fractionation of the crude extract and their testing for the anti-diatom assay. TABLE 3 Percentage growth inhibition of diatoms at different concentrations of the four fractions of the crude extract of Zoanthus sp.
- This example illustrates the methodology used for the treatment of results in the antidiatom assay using crude extract and fractions of Zoanthus sp.
- the petroleum ether fraction was found to be more effective in inhibiting the growth of fouling diatoms.
- This being a natural product may not have any toxic/adverse effects on non-target Organisms.
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- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a composition useful as an anti-fouling agent by inhibiting microbial growth, said composition comprising extract and/or its fractions from Zoanthus sp. and optionally de-odorizing agents anda use of producing said extract and its fractions having about 100% anti-bacterial activity fouling microbes.
Description
COMPOSITION COMPRISING ZOANTHUS SP. EXTRACT WITH ANTI- FOULING ACTIVITY AND A USE THEREOF
Technical Field
The present invention relates to a composition useful as an anti-fouling agent by inhibiting microbial growth, said composition comprising extract and/or its fractions from Zoanthus sp. and optionally de-odorizing agents and a use of producing said extract and its fractions having about 100% anti-bacterial activity fouling microbes.
Background Art
Chemical antifouling defense strategies of marine organisms have been studied either directly against the target fouling organisms such as bacteria, fungi, algae, invertebrate larvae, etc. (Amade et ai.,1987, Mar.Biol.94, 271-275; Slattery et al.,1995, J Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol, 190, 61-77; Shellenberger and Ross, 1998, Northwest Science, 72(1), 23-33) or using other fouling measures like settlement inhibition, larval moulting rates, photosynthesis, etc. (Kon-ya et al., 1994, FishSci, 60(6), 773-775; Kato et al., 1995, Tetrahedron letters, 36(12), 2133-2136; Mizobuchi et al, 1996, Fisheries Sci, 62(1), 98-100; Becerro et al., 1997, J Chan. Ecol, 23(6), 1527-1547).
Information on secondary metabolite production m marine organisms deals mostly with isolation and characterisation of the compounds and very little is known about their ecological and biological importance. In recent years, some attempts have been made in this direction on a few groups such as soft corals, gorgonians, algae, sponges, bryozoans, etc. (Targett, 1988, in Marine Biodeterioration, M.F. Thompson., R. Sarojini., R. Nagabhushanam., A A Balkema eds, Rotterdam, 607-617; Standing et al., 1984, J Chem. Ecol, 10, 823-824; Davis et al, 1991, Mar. Ecol, Prog. Ser, 72, 117-123; Vitalina et al, 1991, in Bioactive compounds from marine organisms, M.F. Thompson., R. Sarojini., R. Nagabhushanam eds, Oxford and IBH Publishing Co. Pvt. Ltd, 63-68; Szewzyk et al, 1991, Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser, 75, 259-265) leaving many other groups unstudied. Zoanthid (Phylum Coelenterata; Family Zoanthidae) is one such group which has received very little attention with respect to chemical defense strategies..
Zoanthids are benthic, sessile, colony forming organisms, comprising of thousands of individual polyps. Several chemical compounds have been isolated from zoanthids, possessing various pharmacological properties (Moore and Scheuer, 1971, Science, 172, 495-498; Cimino et al., 1973, ; Sturaro et al., 1982; Rao et al., 1985, J.Org.Chem, 50, 3757-3760; Bakus et al., 1986, J.Chem.Ecol, 12, 951-987; Quinn, 1988, in Bioorganic Marine Chemistry, P.j. Scheuer ed. Vol. 2, 25-27; Shigemori et al., 1999, J Nat. Prods, 62(2), 373). However, very little is known
about the functions of these metabolites in their natural habitat. In the Anjuna beach of Goa (west coast of India), they occur as dense mats and colonise a large intertidal area. The main focus of the present InventionΛ therefore, is to ujidjrjtjadjΛeΛhΛnucal antifouling defense properties against common micro-fouling organisms viz. bacteria and diatoms utilising the extract of Zoanthus sp and in turn for identifying a\naturaJ product useful in antifouling technqlojgy.
Any surface exposed to marine environment undergoes sequential changes that begins with the adsorption of a layer of bio-polymers followed by the formation of a bacterial film, growth of pinnate diatoms and protozoans (Baier, 1984, in Marine Biodeterioration: An Interdisciplinary Study, J.D. Costlow and R.C. Tipper, ed, Naval Institute Press, Anapolis, Maryland, 57-62; Mitchell and Kirchman, 1984, in Marine Biodeterioration: An Interdisciplinary Study, J.D. Costlow and R.C. Tipper, ed, Naval Institute Press, Anapolis, Maryland, 49-56 ; Wahl, 1989, Mar.Ecol.Prog.Ser, 58, 175-189). Consequently, the variety of bacterial species forming the microbial film may influence, inhibit or at times have no effect upon the later settling species which constitute the invertebrate larvae that settle and metamorphose into adults (Bakus et al., 1986, J.
ChemEcol, 12, 951-987). In most cases where it has been shown that a microbial film is necessary for settling of larvae and algal propagules, inhibition of bacterial growth would prevent the microbial film formation and in turn inhibit larval settlement, ultimately leaving the surfaces free of epibionts. In this effort, the test animals were collected and the crude methanol extract was prepared.. The antifouling potential of the extract was then explored against known fouling diatoms and bacteria in the laboratory. After testing the activity of the crude extract, it was fractionated using solvents of increasing polarity. These fractions were tested against the fouling diatoms. The results of the evaluation reveals that the extract of Zoanthus sp has the antifouling property.
Objects of the present invention
The main object of the present invention is to develop a composition comprising an extract from Zoanthus species.
Another main object of the present invention is to develop a composition having antifouling property. Yet another object of the present invention is to develop fractions from extract of animal Zoanthus species.
Still another object of the present invention is to fractionate the crude extract using solvents of increasing polarity, viz; petroleum ether, chloroform, n-butanol and the aqueous fraction.
Still another object of the present invention is to identify the fraction which is most effective against fouling diatoms.
Still another object of the present invention is to develop a use of preparing composition comprising an extract from Zoanthus species. Still another object of the present invention is to develop a use of preparing said composition having 100% anti-bacterial activity.
Still another object of the present invention is to develop a use of preparing said composition having 100% microbial growth inhibitory activity against fouling microbes. Still another object of the present invention is to develop a use of preparing said composition with anti-microbial activity wherein, said activity is particularly effective in marine environment.
Still another object of the present invention is to develop a use of preparing said composition with anti-microbial activity wherein, said activity is particularly effective against bacteria and diatoms.
Summary of the present invention
The present invention relates to a composition useful as an anti-fouling agent by inhibiting microbial growth, said composition comprising extract and/or its fractions from Zoanthus sp. and optionally de-odorizing agents and a use of producing said extract and its fractions having about 100% anti-bacterial activity fouling microbes. Detailed description of the present invention
Accordingly, the present invention relates to a composition useful as an anti-fouling agent by inhibiting microbial growth, said composition comprising extract and/or its fractions from Zoanthus sp. and optionally de-odorizing agents and a use of producing said extract and its fractions having about 100% anti-bacterial activity fouling microbes. In one embodiment of the present invention, a composition comprising extract and/ or its fractions from Zoanthus sp, and optionally de-odorizing agents wherein said composition is useful as an anti-fouling agent against microbes.
In another embodiment of the present invention, wherein said extract and its fractions are prepared by using either polar or non-polar solvent. In yet another embodiment of the present invention, wherein animal species preferably used for said activity is Coelenterata Zoanthidea.
In still another embodiment of the present invention, wherein said composition is prepared by using whole body tissue of said species. In still another embodiment of the present
invention, wherein said de-odorizing agent shows no affect on the activity of said extract and fractions.
In still another embodiment of the present invention, wherein ratio of said extract and/or fractions and de-odorizing agent is ranging between 1: 1 to 1: 10. In still another embodiment of the present invention, wherein said composition is particularly effective against bacteria and diatoms.
In further embodiment of the present invention, a use of producing an extract and its fractions from Zoanthus sp, useful as an anti-fouling agent by inhibiting microbial growth.
In another embodiment of the present invention, soaking washed specimen of said species in methanol.
In yet another embodiment of the present invention, obtaining crude extract from the whole body tissue of said species.
In still another embodiment of the present invention, decanting the solvent extract.
In still another embodiment of the present invention, filtering decanted extract. In still another embodiment of the present invention, evaporating the filtrate at 40° C to obtain concentrate crude extract.
In still another embodiment of the present invention, fractionating concentrated crude extract using solvents of increasing polarity.
In still another embodiment of the present invention, introducing said crude extract at concentration ranging between 0.1 to 5.0-mg/6mm-diameter disc in methanol on sterilized filter paper disc.
In still another embodiment of the present invention, evaporating the solvent from the disc.
In still another embodiment of the present invention, exposing microbes to said extract.
In still another embodiment of the present invention, laying said disc on agar plates seeded with test bacterium.
In still another embodiment of the present invention, running a control with solvent not containing extract.
In still another embodiment of the present invention, incubating said plates overnight for temperature ranging between 25 to 32 C. In still another embodiment of the present invention, measuring growth inhibition zone.
In still another embodiment of the present invention, determining % inhibition of microbes using said extract.
In still another embodiment of the present invention, determining anti-diatomic activity of crude extract and said fractions separately, by placing diatoms with initial cell suspension
of concentration ranging between 100 to 5000 cells/ml in flasks.
In still another embodiment of the present invention, adding said crude extract of concentration ranging between 10 to 5000 ppm to said cell suspension. In still another embodiment of the present invention, adding said fractions of concentration ranging between 10 to 500 ppm in separate flasks.
In still another embodiment of the present invention, incubating flask at temperature ranging between 25 to 32°C with 12 hrs light and next 12 hrs dark exposure conditions. In still another embodiment of the present invention, determining % growth inhibition after about 6 days i.e., during exponential growth phase of diatoms.
In still another embodiment of the present invention, wherein said species preferably used for said activity is Coelenterata Zoanthidea.
In still another embodiment of the present invention, wherein said use is particularly effective in marine environment.
In still another embodiment of the present invention, wherein said use is particularly effective against bacteria and diatoms.
In still another embodiment of the present invention, wherein soaking said washed specimen in methanol for number of days ranging between 5- 15. In still another embodiment of the present invention, wherein said species is obtained from intertidal rocks.
In still another embodiment of the present invention, wherein decanted extract is filtered through whatman filter paper I.
In still another embodiment of the present invention, wherein filtrate is evaporated using vacuum.
In still another embodiment of the present invention, wherein said use uses zobell marine agar for bacterial culture.
In still another embodiment of the present invention, wherein concentration of said extract against bacteria is preferably about 0.5 mg/mm of diameter disc. In still another embodiment of the present invention, wherein said extract is incubated at preferably 28°C.
In still another embodiment of the present invention, wherein growth inhibition zone less than 1mm not been scored,
In still another embodiment of the present invention, wherein said fractionating solvents are selected from a group comprising petroleum ether, chloroform, n-butanol, and aqueous.
In still another embodiment of the present invention, wherein dissolving non-polar fraction petroleum ether in acetone (0.005-. 01 ml).
In still another embodiment of the present invention, wherein bacteria are selected from a group comprising Bacillus cereus, B. circulans, pseudomonas vesicularis, and p. putida. In still another embodiment of the present invention, wherein antibacterial activity of extract is 100%.
In still another embodiment of the present invention, wherein diatoms are selected from a group comprising Navicula subinflata and Nitzschia closterium.
In still another embodiment of the present invention, wherein calculating % growth inhibition with extract and/or fractions having more than 50% growth inhibition is considered as active ones.
In still another embodiment of the present invention, wherein said extract shows 100% inhibition in diatoms at concentration of 350 ppm and above.
In still another embodiment of the present invention, wherein all the said fractions of crude extract show inhibitory activity against diatoms.
In still another embodiment of the present invention, wherein petroleum ether fraction is most effective of all the fractions against diatoms.
In still another embodiment of the present invention, wherein petroleum ether fraction shows 100% inhibition at concentration of about 80 ppm and above against diatoms. In still another embodiment of the present invention, wherein chloroform fraction shows about 100%) inhibition in diatoms at concentration about 200ppm.
In still another embodiment of the present invention, wherein n-butanol fraction shows about 100%) inhibition against diatoms at concentration ranging between 150-250 ppm.
In still another embodiment of the present invention, wherein aqueous fraction shows inhibitory activity ranging between 70-85 % against diatoms at concentration ranging between 140-25 Oppm.
In still another embodiment of the present invention, wherein said extract/fractions do not have any toxic/adverse effect on non-target organisms.
In still another embodiment of the present invention, wherein assaying microbes in a culture media using agar plate diffusion use.
In still another embodiment of the present invention, wherein said use is used to prevent fouling in food articles.
In still another embodiment of the present invention, wherein said use is used to prevent fouling in biological specimens.
In further embodiment of the present invention, the present invention provides a process for the preparation of antifouling crude extract from Zoanthus sp and the said process comprising the steps of: i) Collection of live/fresh specimens of Zoanthus sp from intertidal rocks. ii) Washing the specimens clean with fresh sea water and soaking in methanol for about 10 days iii) Filtering the extract through Whatman filter paper I and vacuum evaporating at 40UC to concentrate to crude residue. In an embodiment, the crude extract of Zoanthus sp is exhibiting antibacterial property.
In a preferred embodiment, the crude extract of Zoanthus sp is inhibiting growth of fouling bacteria such as Bacillus cereus, Bacillus circulans, Bacillus pumilus, Pseudomonas vesiciulans and Pseudomonas putida.
In another embodiment, the crude extract of Zoanthus sp is inhibiting growth of fouling diatoms at all concentrations.
In a preferred embodiment, the crude extract of Zoanthus sp is completely inhibiting growth of diatoms, Navicula subinflata at and above 600 ppm concentration and Nitzschia closterium at and above 400 ppm concentration.
In still another embodiment of the present invention, a process for fractionating the crude antifouling extract from Zoanthus sp based on increasing polarity of the solvents, viz. petroleum ether, chloroform, n-butanol and aqueous fractions and testing the antifouling property of all these fractions against the fouling diatoms Navicula subinflata and Nitzschia closterium, the said process comprising, obtaining crude extract from live/freshly collected
Zoanthus sp, washing them clean with sea water, soaking in methanol for about 10 days, filtering the extract through Whatman filter paper I and concentrating to crude residue under vacuum at
40°C. In an embodiment, the crude extract of Zoanthus sp is fractionated based on increasing polarity of solvents into petroleum ether, chloroform, n-butanol and aqueous fractions.
In another embodiment, all four fractions of the crude extract of Zoanthus sp are inhibiting the growth of fouling diatoms, Navicula subinflata and Nitzschia closterium.
In yet another embodiment, the percentage inhibition in all the fraction is varying with concentration.
In still another embodiment, the petroleum ether fraction of the crude extract of Zoanthus sp is more effective in inhibiting growth of the fouling diatoms Navicula subinflata and Nitzschia closterium.
In one more embodiment, the petroleum ether fraction of the crude extract of Zoanthus sp completely inhibits growth of Navicula subinflata at and above 160 ppm and Nitzschia closterium at and above 80 ppm concentrations.
In further embodiment of the present invention, a process for the preparation of an antifouling crude extract from Zoanthus sp and testing the said crude extract on fouling bacteria and diatoms. The invention also relates to a process for fractionation of the crude extract and testing the antifouling property of the fractions on fouling bacteria.
A process for the preparation of antifouling crude extract from Zoanthus sp and the said process comprising, Collection of live/fresh specimens of Zoanthus sp from intertidal rocks.
Washing the specimens clean with fresh seawater and soaking in methanol for about 10 days.
Filtering the extract through Whatman filter paper / and vacuum evaporating at 40°C to concentrate to crude residue.
In still another embodiment of the present invention, wherein the crude extract of Zoanthus sp is exhibiting antibacterial property.
In still another embodiment of the present invention, wherein the crude extract of Zoanthus sp is inhibiting growth of fouling bacteria such as Bacillus cereus, Bacillus circulans, Bacillus pumilus, Pseudomonas vesiciularis and Pseudomonas putida.
In still another embodiment of the present invention, wherein the crude extract of Zoanthus sp is inhibiting growth of fouling diatoms at all concentrations.
In still another embodiment of the present invention, wherein the crude extract of Zoanthus sp is completely inhibiting growth of diatoms, Navicula subinflata at and above 600 ppm concentration and Nitzschia closterium at and above 400 ppm concentration.
In still another embodiment of the present invention, wherein-the crude extract of Zoanthus sp may have potential use as an antifouling agent/in aquatic environment.
In still another embodiment of the present invention, a process for fractionating the crude antifouling extract from Zoanthus sp based on increasing polarity of the solvents, viz. petroleum ether, chloroform, n-butanol and aqueous fractions and testing the antifouling property of all these fractions against fouling diatoms, the said process comprising, obtaining crude extract from live/freshly collected Zoanthus sp, washing them clean with sea water, soaking in methanol for about 10 days, filtering the extract through Whatman filter paper I and concentrating to crude residue under vacuum at 40°C.
In still another embodiment of the present invention, wherein the crude extract of Zoanthus sp is fractionated based on increasing polarity of solvents into petroleum ether, chloroform, n- butanol and aqueous fractions.
In still another embodiment of the present invention, wherein all the four fractions of the crude extract of Zoanthus sp are inhibiting the growth of fouling diatoms, Navicula subinflata and Nitzschia closterium.
In still another embodiment of the present invention, wherein the percentage inhibitions in all the fraction is varying with cone
In still another embodiment of the present invention, wherein the petroleum ether fraction of the crude extract of Zoanthus sp is more effective in inhibiting growth of the fouling diatoms Navicula subinflata and Nitzschia closterium.
In still another embodiment of the present invention, wherein the petroleum ether fraction of the crude extract of Zoanthus sp completely inhibits growth of Navicula subinflata at and above 160 ppm and Nitzschia closterium at and above 80 ppm concentrations. In still another embodiment of the present invention, wherein all fractions of the crude extract of Zoanthus Sp, more particularly the petroleum ether fraction may have potential use as an antifouling agent in the aquatic environment
The invention is further explained with the help of the following examples and should not be construed to limit the scope of the invention. Example 1
Zoanthus sp collected from Anjuna beach (Goa) was used for the invention. The animals were carefully scrapped from the intertidal rocks during the low tide period using a metal spatula. About 2 kg wet weight of the specimens were used for the study. The specimens were thoroughly washed with fresh seawater and soaked in methanol for 6-10 days for crude extract preparation. Extracts were obtained from the whole body tissue. The solvent extract was decanted, filtered through Whatman filter paper I and vacuum evaporated at 40°C to concentrate to crude extract. About 30 gm of crude extract was thus obtained. This example illustrates the useology used for preparation of the crude methanol extract from Zoanthus sp Example 2
Five bacterial isolates, all belonging to the fouling community were used for the assay. The bacterial assays were carried out by agar plate diffusion use (Amade et al., 1987, Mar. Biol,
94, 271-275) using Zobell marine agar (Himedia, Mumbai). Bacterial strains used for the assay were Bacillus cereus B. circulans. B. pumilus, Pseudomonas vesicularis and P. putida. Concentrations of 0.5-mg/6mm-diameter disc of the extract prepared in methanol was introduced on sterilized filter paper discs. After solvent evaporation, the discs were laid on agar plates seeded with the test bacterium Controls (in duplicate) contained only the solvent. Four replicates of each concentration were used for the assay and average values are presented. Plates were incubated overnight at room temperature (« 28°C). Growth inhibition zone was measured in mm. (Berquist and Bedford, 1978, Mar. Biol, 46, 215-221). Inhibition zones measuring <1 mm were not scored. The results of this activity is presented in Table 1. This examples illustrates the methodology used for carrying out the antibacterial assay utilizing the extract of Zoanthus sp.
TABLE 1. Antibacterial screening with crude Zoanthus sp extract
+ = 1-2 mm diameter inhibition
Example 3 The diatoms, Navicula subinflata and Nitzschia closterium, both belonging to the fouling community, were maintained in enriched sea water (Gentile and Johnsor, 1974, in, Proceedings on a Workshop on Marine Bioassays, convened by Gerarldine Cox, USA, 128). Actively growing cultures with an initial cell suspension of around 500-1000 cells ml"1 were used for the assay. Concentration series of extract ranging between 200 and 1000 ppm.. Aliquots of each extract stock solution (1 cc = 50 mg) prepared in distilled water was taken corresponding to the desired experimental concentration and the volume was adjusted to 50 ml in 125 ml Erlenmeyer flasks. All assays were carried out in quadruplicate. Control flasks contained only the algae cells in medium. Flasks were incubated at room temperature (approx. 28°C) with a 12 hr light and 12 hours dark exposure conditions. Growth inhibition was determined after 6 days i.e., during the exponential growth phase in terms of the number of attached algal cells using a Sedgwick rafter and is expressed as % growth inhibition in Table
2. Extracts that were able to produce 50% growth inhibition were considered as active ones. This example illustrates methodology used for carrying out the/antidiatom assay/utilizing the crude Zoanthus sp.
TABLE 2: Percentage growth inhibition of diatoms at different concentrations of the crude extractor Zoanthus sp.
Example 4
The crude extract was then fractionated into four fractions using solvents of increasing polarity viz. petroleum ether, chloroform, n-butanol and aqueous. All fractions were tested for the activity as shown in Table 3 using the use mentioned above. The non-polar fractions that were insoluble in distilled water during the preparation o£. stock solution, were dissolved in acetone (0.005-0.01 ml). Control flasks for these sets contained cells plus acetone (equal volume added to make the stock solution) in the medium. This example illustrates the methodology used for fractionation of the crude extract and their testing for the anti-diatom assay.
TABLE 3 Percentage growth inhibition of diatoms at different concentrations of the four fractions of the crude extract of Zoanthus sp.
Example 5
This example illustrates the methodology used for the treatment of results in the antidiatom assay using crude extract and fractions of Zoanthus sp.
The percentage growth inhibition was calculated using the formula,
(A-O)- (B-O x lOO (A-O) Where, O = inoculum cell numbers at zero hours
A = attached cell numbers in control flask after 6 days
B = attached cell numbers in experimental flask after 6 days
Advantages of the present invention:
1. This is for the first time that the antifouling property of the crude extract of Zoanthus sp has been identified.
2. Laboratory studies indicated that the crude extract of Zoanthus sp was effectively inhibiting growth of fouling bacteria and diatoms which are the primary organisms to colonize any marine substratum.
3. All the four fractions, viz. petroleum ether, chloroform, n-butanol and aqueous fractions separated from the crude extract exhibited antifouling property.
4. Among the four fractions, the petroleum ether fraction was found to be more effective in inhibiting the growth of fouling diatoms.
5. This being a natural product may not have any toxic/adverse effects on non- target Organisms.
6. This has the potential to form a natural compound in antifouling products.
Claims
1. A composition comprising extract and/ or its fractions from Zoanthus sp, and optionally de-odorizing agents wherein said composition is useful as an anti-fouling agent against fouling microbes.
2. A composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein said extract and its fractions are prepared by using either polar or non-polar solvent.
3. A composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein animal species preferably used for said activity is Coelenterata Zoanthidea.
4. A composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein said composition is prepared by using whole body tissue of said species.
5. A composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein said de-odorizing agent shows no affect on the activity of said extract and fractions.
6. A composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein ratio of said extract and/or fractions and de-odorizing agent is ranging between 1:1 to 1:10.
7. A composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein said composition is particularly effective against bacteria and diatoms.
8. A use of producing an extract and its fractions from Zoanthus sp, useful as an antifouling agent by inhibiting microbial growth, said use comprising: (a) soaking washed specimen of said species in methanol, (b) obtaining crude extract from the whole body tissue of said species,
(c) decanting the solvent extract,
(d) filtering decanted extract,
(e) evaporating the filtrate at 40° C to obtain concentrate crude extract,
(f) fractionating concentrated crude extract using solvents of increasing polarity, (g) introducing said crude extract at concentration ranging between 0.1 to 5.0 mg/6mm diameter disc in methanol on sterilized filter paper disc,
(h) evaporating the solvent from the disc,
(i) exposing microbes to said extract,
(j) laying said disc on agar plates seeded with test bacterium, (k) running a control with solvent not containing extract,
(1) incubating said plates overnight for temperature ranging between 25 to 32°C,
(m) measuring growth inhibition zone,
(n) determining % inhibition of microbes using said extract,
(o) determining anti-diatomic activity of crude extract and said fractions separately, by placing diatoms with initial cell suspension of concentration ranging between
100 to 5000 cells/ml in flasks, (p) adding said crude extract of concentration ranging between 10 to 5000 ppm to said cell suspension,
(q) adding said fractions of concentration ranging between 10 to 500 ppm in separate flasks, (r) incubating flask at temperature ranging between 25 to 32°C with 12 hrs light and next 12 hrs dark exposure conditions, (s) determining % growth inhibition after about 6 days i.e., during exponential growth phase of diatoms,
9. A use as claimed in claim 8, wherein said species preferably used for said activity is Coelenterata Zoanthidea.
10. A use as claimed in claim 8, wherein said use is particularly effective in marine environment.
11. A use as claimed in claim 8, wherein said use is particularly effective against fouling microbes.
12. A use as claimed in claim 8, wherein said use is particularly effective against bacteria and diatoms.
13. A use as claimed in claim 8, wherein soaking said washed specimen in methanol for number of days ranging between 5- 15.
14. A use as claimed in claim 8*, wherein said species is obtained from intertidal rocks.
15. A use as claimed in claim 8, wherein decanted extract is filtered through whatman filter paper I.
16. A use as claimed in claim 8, wherein filtrate is evaporated using vacuum.
17. A use as claimed in claim 8, wherein said use uses zobell marine agar for bacterial culture.
18. A use as claimed in claim 8, wherein concentration of said extract against bacteria is preferably about 0.5 mg/mm of diameter disc.
19. A use as claimed in claim 8, wherein said extract is incubated at preferably 28°C.
20. A use as claimed in claim 8, wherein growth inhibition zone less than 1mm not been scored.
21. A use as claimed in claim 8, wherein said fractionating solvents are selected from a group comprising petroleum ether, chloroform, n-butanol, and aqueous.
22. A use as claimed in claim 8, wherein dissolving non-polar fraction petroleum ether in acetone (0.005-. 01 ml).
23. A use as claimed in claim 8, wherein bacteria are selected from a group comprising Bacillus cereus, B. circulans, pseudomonas vesicularis, and p. putida.
24. A use as claimed in claim 8, wherein antibacterial activity of extract is 100%).
25. A use as claimed in claim 8, wherein diatoms are selected from a group comprising Navicula subinflata and Nitzschia closterium.
26. A use as claimed in claim 8, wherein calculating % growth inhibition with extract and/or fractions having more than 50%> growth inhibition is considered as active ones.
27. A use as claimed in claim 8, wherein said extract shows 100% inhibition in diatoms at concentration of 350 ppm and above.
28. A use as claimed in claim 8, wherein all the said fractions of crude extract show inhibitory activity against diatoms.
29. A use as claimed in claim 8, wherein petroleum ether fraction is most effective of all the fractions against diatoms.
30. A use as claimed in claim 8, wherein petroleum ether fraction shows 100% inhibition at concentration of about 80 ppm and above against diatoms.
31. A use as claimed in claim 8, wherein chloroform fraction shows about 100%) inhibition in diatoms at concentration about 200ppm.
32. A use as claimed in claim 8, wherein n-butanol fraction shows about 100% inhibition against diatoms at concentration ranging between 150-250 ppm.
33. A use as claimed in claim 8, wherein aqueous fraction shows inhibitory activity ranging between 70-85 % against diatoms at concentration ranging between 140-
250ppm.
34. A use as claimed in claim 8, wherein said extract/fractions do not have any toxic/adverse effect on non-target organisms.
35. A use as claimed in claim 8, wherein assaying microbes in a culture media using agar plate diffusion use.
36. A use as claimed in claim 8, wherein said use is used to prevent fouling in food articles.
37. A use as claimed in claim 8, wherein said use is used to prevent fouling in biological specimens.
Priority Applications (6)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP02717001A EP1492407A1 (en) | 2002-03-26 | 2002-03-26 | Composition comprising zoanthus sp. extract with anti-fouling activity and use thereof |
| PCT/IB2002/001153 WO2003079793A1 (en) | 2002-03-26 | 2002-03-26 | Composition comprising zoanthus sp. extract with anti-fouling acrtivity and a use thereof |
| CA002480866A CA2480866A1 (en) | 2002-03-26 | 2002-03-26 | Composition comprising zoanthus sp. extract with anti-fouling activity and a use thereof |
| KR10-2004-7015392A KR20040094886A (en) | 2002-03-26 | 2002-03-26 | Composition comprising zoanthus sp. extract with anti-fouling activity and a use thereof |
| AU2002247922A AU2002247922A1 (en) | 2002-03-26 | 2002-03-26 | Composition comprising zoanthus sp. extract with anti-fouling acrtivity and a use thereof |
| JP2003577636A JP2005520840A (en) | 2002-03-26 | 2002-03-26 | Compositions containing extracts of snug anemone with anti-contaminating activity and uses thereof |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/IB2002/001153 WO2003079793A1 (en) | 2002-03-26 | 2002-03-26 | Composition comprising zoanthus sp. extract with anti-fouling acrtivity and a use thereof |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2003079793A1 true WO2003079793A1 (en) | 2003-10-02 |
Family
ID=28053171
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/IB2002/001153 WO2003079793A1 (en) | 2002-03-26 | 2002-03-26 | Composition comprising zoanthus sp. extract with anti-fouling acrtivity and a use thereof |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP1492407A1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JP2005520840A (en) |
| KR (1) | KR20040094886A (en) |
| AU (1) | AU2002247922A1 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2480866A1 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2003079793A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AR124979A1 (en) * | 2021-03-01 | 2023-05-24 | Sumitomo Chemical Co | METHOD FOR THE CONTROL OF HARMFUL ARTHROPODS OR HARMFUL NEMATODES USING ZOANTHAMINE |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH04295401A (en) * | 1991-03-22 | 1992-10-20 | Kaiyo Bio Technol Kenkyusho:Kk | Underwater attaching organism repellent |
| WO1995016000A1 (en) * | 1993-12-09 | 1995-06-15 | The Research Foundation Of State University Of New York | Aquatic antifouling compositions and methods |
| EP1138690A1 (en) * | 2000-03-31 | 2001-10-04 | Council Of Scientific And Industrial Research | A process for the isolation of 2-deoxy ecdysterone from Zoanthus sp and its use for the preparation of a medicament for inducing labour or abortion |
-
2002
- 2002-03-26 CA CA002480866A patent/CA2480866A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2002-03-26 JP JP2003577636A patent/JP2005520840A/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2002-03-26 EP EP02717001A patent/EP1492407A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2002-03-26 WO PCT/IB2002/001153 patent/WO2003079793A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2002-03-26 KR KR10-2004-7015392A patent/KR20040094886A/en not_active Ceased
- 2002-03-26 AU AU2002247922A patent/AU2002247922A1/en not_active Abandoned
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH04295401A (en) * | 1991-03-22 | 1992-10-20 | Kaiyo Bio Technol Kenkyusho:Kk | Underwater attaching organism repellent |
| WO1995016000A1 (en) * | 1993-12-09 | 1995-06-15 | The Research Foundation Of State University Of New York | Aquatic antifouling compositions and methods |
| EP1138690A1 (en) * | 2000-03-31 | 2001-10-04 | Council Of Scientific And Industrial Research | A process for the isolation of 2-deoxy ecdysterone from Zoanthus sp and its use for the preparation of a medicament for inducing labour or abortion |
Non-Patent Citations (10)
| Title |
|---|
| ATTA-UR-RAHMAN: "Zoanthaminone, a New Alakloid from a Marine Zoanthid", TETRAHEDRON LETTERS, vol. 30, no. 49, 1989, pages 6825 - 6828, XP001105364 * |
| C.BHEEMASANKARA RAO ET.AL.: "Alkaloids from a Marine Zoanthid", JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY, vol. 50, no. 20, 1985, pages 3757 - 3760, XP001105045 * |
| C.BHEEMASANKARA RAO ET.AL.: "Zoanthamine: A novel Alkaloid from a Marine Zoanthid", JOUNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY, vol. 106, no. 25, 1984, pages 7983 - 7984, XP001105048 * |
| C.BHEEMASANKARA RAO: "Two new Alkaloids from an Indian species of Zoanthus", HETEROCYCLES, vol. 28, no. 1, 1989, pages 103 - 106, XP001105368 * |
| C.O.L.GONSALVES: "Effect of holothurian and zoanthid extracts on growth of some bacterial and diatom species", INDIAN JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE, vol. 26, 1997, pages 377 - 379, XP001105036 * |
| DATABASE WPI Section Ch Week 199248, Derwent World Patents Index; Class C03, AN 1992-395333, XP002213670 * |
| H.SHIGEMORI ET.AL.: "Palythoalones A and B, New Ecdysteroids from the Marine Zoanthid Palythoa australiae", JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS, vol. 62, no. 2, 1999, pages 372 - 374, XP001105046 * |
| MOORE & SCHEUER: "Palytoxin: A New Marine Toxin from a Coelenterate", SCIENCE, vol. 172, 1971, pages 495 - 498, XP001105042 * |
| S.FUKUZAWA ET.AL.: "The Isolation and Structures of Five New Alkaloids, Norzoanthamine, Oxyzoanthamine, Norzoanthaminone, Cyclozoanthamine and Epinorzoanthamine", HETEROCYCLIC COMMUNICATIONS, vol. 1, no. 2-3, 1995, pages 207 - 214, XP001105369 * |
| U.BABU ET.AL.: "Hariamide, a novel sulphated sphingolipid from a Zoanthus sp. of the Indian coast", JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS, vol. 60, no. 12, 1997, pages 1307 - 1309, XP001098861 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP1492407A1 (en) | 2005-01-05 |
| CA2480866A1 (en) | 2003-10-02 |
| AU2002247922A1 (en) | 2003-10-08 |
| JP2005520840A (en) | 2005-07-14 |
| KR20040094886A (en) | 2004-11-10 |
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