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WO2003078252A2 - Procede et dispositif destines a la mise en oeuvre d'un systeme de distribution et de recuperation de cartouches d'hydrogene combustible - Google Patents

Procede et dispositif destines a la mise en oeuvre d'un systeme de distribution et de recuperation de cartouches d'hydrogene combustible Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2003078252A2
WO2003078252A2 PCT/US2003/008298 US0308298W WO03078252A2 WO 2003078252 A2 WO2003078252 A2 WO 2003078252A2 US 0308298 W US0308298 W US 0308298W WO 03078252 A2 WO03078252 A2 WO 03078252A2
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
fuel
cassette
hydrogen
decom
unit
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US2003/008298
Other languages
English (en)
Other versions
WO2003078252A3 (fr
Inventor
Scott D. Redmond
Original Assignee
Fuelsell Technologies, Inc.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from US10/099,771 external-priority patent/US7399325B1/en
Application filed by Fuelsell Technologies, Inc. filed Critical Fuelsell Technologies, Inc.
Priority to AU2003218237A priority Critical patent/AU2003218237A1/en
Publication of WO2003078252A2 publication Critical patent/WO2003078252A2/fr
Publication of WO2003078252A3 publication Critical patent/WO2003078252A3/fr

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
    • H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
    • H01M8/04097—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with recycling of the reactants
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50—Fuel cells

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to methods and means for distributing hydrogen fuel in a cassette form and recovering the hydrogen into useable fuel.
  • the present invention also includes an information network in which user provided information related to fuel usage, tracking, and needs is communicated over a data network.
  • alternative fuel systems have been in use for years, but certain problems have prevented mass adoption of such systems.
  • alternative fuel system are comprised of combustion-based engines requiring petroleum-based fuel, large pressurized gas tanks or liquid gas tanks requiring certain, specific, expensive, bulky and dangerous types of transportation and distribution infrastructure.
  • Hydrogen is an abundant, clean, renewable fuel that has the potential to solve many of the world's energy and economic needs and energy-related problems. Although hydrogen is used in various applications, it has never become a major fuel source because of distribution issues associated with it. After years of development, hydrogen energy is now commercially viable in conventional fuel cell technology. However, safe and reliable, hydrogen storage and delivery is a main impediment to hydrogen becoming the world's primary fuel source.
  • Hydrogen is a very low-density material. Relatively small amounts require a voluminous transportation system. In the prior art, there has been no adequate solution for transporting, storing and distributing large volumes of hydrogen. Current methods generally require the storage of hydrogen in bulky and potentially explosive tanks, the freezing of deadly liquids or the consumption of polluting hydrocarbon fuels. These highly pressurized and/or volatile devices are unsafe for many applications, such as in motorized vehicles.
  • Hydrogen under ordinary conditions, is a colorless, odorless, tasteless, non-toxic gas comprised of diatomic molecules.
  • There are many industrial uses of hydrogen including manufacturing ammonia and methanol, desulfurization of petroleum products, hydrogenation of fat and oils, production of electricity, and reduction of metallic oxide ores.
  • Hydrogen a flammable gas that diffuses rapidly in air, has a flammable range of approximately 4 percent to 94 percent by volume (vol. %), in air, at atmospheric pressure. Spark temperatures as low as 500 degrees C will initiate explosion of a hydrogen-air mixture. Consequently, the production and use of hydrogen is tightly controlled and regulated.
  • the present invention is a cassette-based hydrogen fuel distribution and recovery method and system.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide a hydrogen core-state compression/decompression array and a system for compacting a large tank of hydrogen into a small unpressurized readily portable cassette and an automation unit for converting this hydrogen into usable hydrogen fuel and managing, transporting, distributing and processing these materials.
  • Another object is to provide a hydrogen core-state compression/decompression array that provides a unique cost-effective, safe, reliable and feasible alternative fuel production, transport & distribution technology for the world's energy needs.
  • Another object is to provide a hydrogen core-state compression/decompression array that holds large amounts of hydrogen in a relatively small cassette.
  • Another object is to provide a hydrogen core-state compression/decompression array that after transport, at the site that the fuel is required, turns the contents of the relatively small cassette back into usable alternative fuel.
  • Another object is to provide a hydrogen core-state compression/decompression array that includes a software application to allow the distributors and the end-users to track, manage, order, pre-order, bill, allocate and provide other operation functions, in real-time, for the transport, distribution, supply, delivery and use of the alternative fuel in an integrated manner.
  • Another object is to provide a hydrogen core-state compression/decompression array that uses hydride metals to densely pack hydrogen into a very small cassette as one of many possible cassette core materials via a process of enhanced catalyzation and layering of metallic hydride compounds at an atomic level.
  • Another object is to provide a hydrogen core-state compression/decompression array that massively catalyzes water to make it function as a feasible medium for hydrogen fuel transport as one of the many possible cassette core materials via a process of Massively Catalyzed Water.
  • Another object is to provide a hydrogen core-state compression/decompression array that can be affixed to a vehicle to turn the cassettes into usable hydrogen fuel on-board the vehicle.
  • Another object is to provide a hydrogen core-state distribution system which is a load-responsive, hydrogen-on-demand solution. Another object is to provide a hydrogen core-state distribution system which uses no high heat, no liquid hydrogen and no high-pressure transport units. Another object is to provide a hydrogen core- state distribution system which may include fuel cells and self-contained full-circle energy production and reproduction. Another object is to provide a hydrogen core- state distribution system which can be small enough to be worn on a belt or large enough to power a large city like New York City. Another object is to provide a hydrogen core-state distribution system which eliminates the possibility of explosion from reactive or pressure causes. Another object is to provide a hydrogen core-state distribution system which can be adapted easily to interface to all known fuel cell and hydrogen input needs.
  • Another object is to provide a hydrogen core-state distribution system which may not require external power. Another object is to provide a hydrogen core-state distribution system which may provide reversible storage of hydrogen. Another object is to provide a hydrogen core-state distribution system which allows any consumer or business end-user to order fuel for direct delivery via a web-page or an 800 number. Another object is to provide a hydrogen core-state distribution system which will automatically re-supply all end users when they need more fuel. Another object is to provide a hydrogen core-state distribution system which Federal Aviation Administration (FA A) and National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) certifiable and can be delivered by US Mail or purchased at your local Supermarket.
  • FA A Federal Aviation Administration
  • NTSB National Transportation Safety Board
  • Figure 1 is a figure of an Hfuel (hydrogen-rich core fuel material) cassette.
  • Figure 2 is a figure of a Decom (hydrogen decompression and recovery) unit.
  • FIGS 3 and 4 illustrate embodiments of the Hfuel cassette.
  • FIGS 5A-5F illustrate various types of Hfuel cassettes.
  • Figure 6 illustrates the components of one embodiment of the Decom unit.
  • Figures 7A-7D illustrate systems using fuel cassette clips.
  • Figure 8 illustrates the fabrication of a fuel cassette.
  • Figure 9 illustrates the further fabrication processes of a fuel cassette.
  • Figure 9 is a process drawing.
  • Figure 10 is a process for creating a Massively Catalyzed Water compound.
  • Figures 11 A-l IB illustrate an embodiment of a solid alloy type cassette.
  • FIGS 12A-12B illustrate electrophilic addition energy.
  • FIGS 13, 14, 15A-15B illustrate various embodiments for use in vehicles or other mobile platforms.
  • Figures 16A-16B illustrate a small version of the system for portable personal use.
  • FIGS 17-20 illustrate the HNET Distribution Network Management
  • Figure 21 illustrates a conventional computer system.
  • Figure 22A and 22B illustrate a conventional computer network system.
  • FIGS 23 and 24 illustrate an embodiment of web pages used with the present invention.
  • the present invention includes embodiments using "Smart-compression” technology and global common carrier delivery of hydrogen direct to industry and consumers. These embodiments further include a unique, cost-effective, safe, reliable and feasible alternative fuel compression, transport and distribution technology. These embodiments further provide the transport, storage and distribution systems for hydrogen to charge fuel cells.
  • the present invention includes a novel fuel cassette technology which stores and safely transports hydrogen as a solid, liquid, slurry, or other form enabling the release of hydrogen directly into a conventional fuel cell on demand. There is no need for dangerous and expensive hydrogen distribution and delivery as is currently required.
  • the present invention stores the hydrogen in safe-to-transport readily portable un-pressurized cassettes.
  • the energy potential of hydrogen is carried in the chemical bonds of the invented fuel cassettes core material, which, in the presence of a catalyst inside the invented decompression unit (Decom unit), releases hydrogen and produces electricity.
  • the primary input components of the reaction are water or warm air and the invented fuel cassettes core material, the base form of which is found globally in substantial natural reserves.
  • the structure and operation of the fuel cassettes and Decom unit of the present invention will be described in more detail below.
  • the system and methods of the present invention allow for the delivery of hydrogen (stored in Fuel Cassettes) via the traditional UPS, Postal or FedEx delivery systems. This ease of delivery revolutionizes the energy distribution and transport industries.
  • the fuel cassettes of the present invention can be approved by the Department of Transportation, FAA, and NTSB as non-hazardous material and can be shipped anywhere at anytime.
  • the present invention has several advantages over conventional hydrogen fuel technology.
  • the following list details several of the advantages.
  • the present invention holds hydrogen chemically during delivery and distributes hydrogen only when needed, storage and delivery is drastically safer than current solutions. This solves the storage and delivery problems of conventional systems. 2. Without costly production, storage, delivery costs, and operation costs, the present invention can deliver Hydrogen at many times lower costs than current market prices.
  • the hydrogen distributed by the present invention is 99.99% pure. Most hydrogen today comes from fossil fuel reformers that produce hydrogen from methane, gasoline, natural gas, or other fossil fuels. This conventional hydrogen is wasteful to produce and contains carbon monoxide that can poison some types of fuel cells if not removed.
  • the system and method of the present invention is infinitely scalable.
  • Business infrastructure in the present invention is from the point of presence.
  • Single use power cells that use the invented system to provide energy for the portable power markets, include laptop computers, cellular telephones, hearing aids, personal organizers and other portable devices.
  • the present invention can be used to sell hydrogen for use in traditional internal combustion engine devices. (Testing indicates 3x improvement in efficiency over gasoline)
  • Mass distribution through fleet refueling centers can be realized through the existing network of neighborhood gasoline stations and via UPS, Federal Express, US Postal mail and the neighborhood supermarket.
  • the fuel cassette core material of the present invention can be recycled.
  • the present invention has operating and manufacturing efficiencies superior to those of conventional technologies.
  • well-to-wheel efficiency is a common measure of how much energy is lost in the process of producing, refining, formulating and consuming a fuel.
  • Our testing to date indicates that an internal combustion engine consuming hydrogen distributed from our fuel cassettes core material will provide a vehicle with significantly higher well-to-wheel efficiency than that of gasoline, while reducing greenhouse gas emissions.
  • the system of the present invention when used as a hydrogen source to power a fuel cell, is up to three times as efficient as gasoline.
  • a conventional fuel cell is a device that combines hydrogen, derived from a fuel such as natural gas, propane, methanol, gasoline, or other hydrogen fuel source, and oxygen from the air, to produce electric power without combustion.
  • Conventional fuel cells are comprised of a thin, flat, multi-layered "sandwich".
  • the 'sandwich' consists of two electrodes, an 'anode' and a 'cathode'. These two electrodes are typically separated by a plastic sheet (called a 'membrane'- the Membrane Electrode Assembly (MEA)).
  • MEA Membrane Electrode Assembly
  • a housing may contain many fuel cells (referred to as a "stack"), the hydrogen fuel (a bottle of varied sizes), and the unit's controls.
  • the purpose of the controls is to start, stop and monitor the electricity produced by the collection of fuel cells (i.e. the stack).
  • the conventional fuel cell In the small-scale commercial market, where sizes of fuel cells range from 25 watts to 250 kilowatts, the conventional fuel cell has been the type most tested and used in laboratories and in prototypes. The smaller size and lower temperature characteristics make conventional fuel cells ideal for use in vehicles, and therefore, much of the current testing to date in transportation markets has involved this type of fuel cell.
  • the conventional fuel cell requires hydrogen. Current methods of storing significant amounts of hydrogen in vehicles require use of large tanks of liquid (cryogenic) or compressed gaseous hydrogen. For a 3,000-pound automobile to achieve a range of 300 miles using a conventional fuel cell system, the equivalent of 32 twenty-five pound tanks (weighing 800 lbs.) of compressed gaseous hydrogen would be required. For cryogenically stored hydrogen, the weight drops significantly.
  • a compressed fuel cassette or module is shown.
  • This cassette may be denoted herein as the cassette, module, hydrogen fuel cassette, or Hfuel cassette.
  • the cassette comprises a rigid outer casing defining one-jor more interior regions, which may be used to carry a core fuel, being solid, liquid, slurry, a hybrid or other form of hydrogen producing material.
  • Another interior region of the cassette may be used for storage of exhaust/waste materials produced by the processes of the present invention.
  • exhaust/waste materials may be stored in the same region previously used for storage of the core fuel material, once the core fuel material has been removed.
  • the Hfuel cassettes of the present invention are compound-agnostic.
  • the core fuel in the cassette's interior region(s) may be any of a variety of hydrogen producing compounds.
  • the cassette includes a conventional electronic device 110 attached to the cassette, which can be used to store and process various items of information related to the cassette. This cassette information will be described in more detail below.
  • the cassette may also include a separate cassette type index or bar code 112, which defines the type characteristics of the cassette including the type of hydrogen compound the cassette carries.
  • the cassette type index is included with the cassette information stored on electronic device 110.
  • the cassette may also include a memory and telemetry device 115 used to communicate cassette information back to a control software system. This control system is described in more detail below.
  • the Hfuel cassette is configured to fit into a cassette-receiving receptacle 215 of a Decom unit 210. See Figure 2.
  • the Decom unit 210 recovers or decompresses the hydrogen core material compound from the cassette 220 and processes the compound into usable hydrogen fuel.
  • the cassette-receiving receptacle 215 or the cassette 220 itself includes a mounting frame into which a cassette may be inserted. See Figure 2.
  • the cassette 100 includes an outer shell 310 and an internal tray 312, which holds a package 410 containing the hydrogen fuel compound.
  • the cassette is inserted into the receiving receptacle 215 of the Decom unit.
  • the Decom unit slides open the tray 312 and the package 410 drops out of the cassette for processing by the Decom unit.
  • the package 410 is automatically lifted back into tray 312.
  • the tray 312 is then returned into outer shell 310 and the cassette 100 may be removed from the Decom unit.
  • the cassette casing has a pivoted handle 222 at the front side, which separates the casing from the mounting frame or receiving receptacle for loading or unloading the core fuel in the cassette (see Figure 2). It will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art that many other equivalent cassette embodiments are possible.
  • cassettes there are at least five different types of cassettes.
  • the outside of the cassette is generally the same for each type of cassette.
  • the interior and the core material are different for each.
  • the chip 110 and bar code 112 on each cassette tells the Decom unit which kind of cassette they are.
  • the cassette receiving modules of the Decom are changed depending on which kind of cassettes one will be using.
  • the primary materials from which cassettes are made include aluminum, plastic, and ceramic.
  • Each cassette is configured to hold approximately 28 KW of releasable Hydrogen energy in various forms of core material.
  • MCW Massively Catalyzed Water
  • Sodium Hydride or other water reactant The MCW Liquid is specially compounded water for the core material of an Hfuel Cassette.
  • a mud-like slurry which can flow through tubing inside the decom and contains water reactant.
  • the Alloy material is specially compounded Metal Hydride alloy for the core material of an Hfuel Cassette.
  • Massively Catalyzed Water can be created using the electromechanical process as follows (See also Figure 10):
  • other compounds may be used in an Hfuel cassette. These other compounds include:
  • the Decom unit 210 recovers or decompresses hydrogen core fuel material and produces useable hydrogen fuel for insertion into or charging a removable conventional fuel cell or for direct hydrogen fuel output to a fuel-consuming device.
  • the Decom unit includes its own fuel cell with a trickle charge battery that is fed from a limited percentage of the fuel cell so the Decom unit is self- powered in this configuration.
  • embodiments of the Decom unit do not need external power.
  • Other embodiments include a solar cell internal power source option.
  • Other embodiments of the Decom provide various configurations for receiving cassettes.
  • the cassette receiving portion of the Decom can be modularized for swap out and easy reconfiguration.
  • the configurable Decom can receive fuel cassettes in several different optional ways. These configurations include:
  • the Decom supplies High purity (99.999+ %) dry gaseous hydrogen output at production rates: .5 - 1 Nm3/h (19 to 38 scf/h) process pressure 10-250 PSIG for consumption at 15 to 20 SLPM at rated net output.
  • the Decom in one embodiment is characterized as follows:
  • Liquid water Maximum 0.87 liters (30 fluid oz.) per hour
  • the Decom system is load responsive in that it produces hydrogen based upon demand by the fuel cell or Mem-Tel monitors on the energy-using device, engine or electronic appliances.
  • the Decom unit contains a sub-module for containing pressurized hydrogen gas.
  • the alloy core material in one configuration, uses extensively catalyzed hydride alloy compound.
  • the MCW cassette or cassette section provides for liquid water-based compound storage.
  • the Decom unit provides a system to move the alloy compound into contact with the water compound in a controlled manner so that hydrogen gas is desorbed or produced via the reaction.
  • the Decom unit provides a means to move the gaseous state hydrogen to the fuel cell input port.
  • the Decom unit has an optional thermal module to produce heat, which enhances the process of producing gas state hydrogen from the combination of compounds.
  • the alloy core material in an alloy cassette or cassette section provides for the use of either calcium hydride, lithiumborohydride, sodium hydride, Sodium, Lithium, Potassium, Calcium, Calcium Hydride, Sodium Hydride, Lithium Hydride, fullerene hydride, sodium aluminum hydride, lithium hydride, lithium aluminum hydride, Magnesium hydride, Sodium Magnesium hydride, general metal hydride or similar compounds or alloys combined with an atomic level optimization using the P-C-P pincer complex.
  • the pre-processing array of the Decom unit provides, as one option, a method for extracting sodium alloy from Methane and sodium hydroxide without high heat deployment but rather extensive chemical reaction via catalysts.
  • the Decom/cassette system also provides for the use of a chemical hydride slurry for the hydrogen carrier and storage medium. The slurry protects the hydride from contact with moisture and makes the hydride transportable over tubing, pipes and conduits. Upon reaching the location proximate to where the hydrogen will be used (use-nexus), a chemical hydride/water reaction is caused by the Decom unit to produce high purity hydrogen. The spent hydride is recovered by the system for reuse.
  • Some versions of the cassettes have fuel cells within them and thus have a positive and negative power out connect on them. All Decom units have a power out, but the power in is always an optional module as the Decoms can be self-powered.
  • the smallest system in one embodiment is a combined Decom and cassette holder with mini-fuel cell that can be worn on the belt and has a common DC adapter to power cell phones, pocket pc's, etc.
  • This ultra small unit can be self-powered via piezo-electro energy pressure transducer worn in the heel section of the shoe or a kinetic energy device worn on the belt, which uses the motion of the body to charge a storage cell.
  • a hydrogen generation system comprising an intelligent cassette containing base materials in either separate or combined cassettes, a water immersion container for receiving the contents of the cassette, an electronic circuit and or bar code and or data input/output (I/O) unit for reading the health, status, location, ID and volume of material of the cassette, including a cassette receiving aperture and a rotational or linear clip for multiple cassettes.
  • An Infrared reader on the Decom unit which is readable by the infrared (IR) device on IPAQ, Palm and similar handheld computers to allow the user to be their own “gas reader", and to interface with software on those devices for planning, management, billing and interaction with the network software.
  • the use of carbon nanotube and doped carbon nanotube manifestation and development density increase and formation process in the alloy cassette production process in order to improve the effectiveness of the alloy base material.
  • the solid base material is ejected from the cassette into a processing module of the Decom unit, the Decom unit slicing system allowing a controlled released of the alloy to the water in a slice-by-slice method.
  • the Decom unit stores the alloy in the system out of immediate or accidental contact with water, which could cause a pressure explosion if alloy material were sitting in water without being processed, and controls the contact with water via the electromechanics of the Decom unit.
  • the Decom unit provides at least 3 levels of control and separation from the activating liquids in cassette versions, which use an alloy/water reaction process.
  • the modularized Decom unit can be adapted easily to interface to all known fuel cell and hydrogen input needs.
  • the alloy base material can be produced from many different alkali and alkaline earth metals and their related hydrides.
  • the alloy base material can also use rare earth hydrides, which are different from alkali and alkaline earth metals and their related hydrides. Rare earth materials release hydrogen when they are heated.
  • the Decom unit can deploy a thermal reaction chamber in the case of the rare earth hydrides.
  • the recycle module in a Decom unit processes waste sodium hydroxide (NaOH) into sodium hydride (NaH) or similar recycling within the Decom system.
  • the recycle module forms the waste NaOH, or other waste material, into a rectangular block, wraps the block, and insets that block into an empty cassette, a cassette which had just housed base material hydride, or similar material, for sale to an NaOH user, of which there are massive volumes in the world.
  • the same cassettes can then be used to either remake base material or to be sold to a recycle center or sold directly to the paper, cosmetic, plastic and other industries who badly need NaOH. This makes the use of energy not only efficient and environmentally safe but also creates a revenue stream for the energy user.
  • the core material alloy does not need to be a solid block of metal. It can be a chemical slurry or a powder.
  • a cassette can be thermoformed from thin vinyl or acrylic.
  • the information electronics, the identifier code, or Mem-Tel device could be applied to the cassette via adhesive and it could be sealed with a metalized paper or plastic covering over its aperture via an adhesive substrate. The user could pull off the adhesive sealant and push the cassette into the Decom aperture.
  • the solid alloy type cassette has a rigid plastic cassette mouth but a flexible metalized fabric, Mylar, plastic/foil or similar robust yet lightweight thin skin or sheath housing.
  • the user peels off a covering at the mouth, puts the mouth of the cassette against the aperture and pushes the other end of the cassette, causing the flexible outside covering to collapse accordion-like and drive the rigid internal material into the aperture. See Figures 11A and 11B.
  • the cassette and the Decom unit are "hydride-agnostic", meaning that hydrides have an infinite variety of compound varieties.
  • the system of the present invention provides reversible storage of hydrogen.
  • Hydrides are doped in the preparation process with foreign metal compounds as one part of the hydride acceleration process.
  • the belt mounted advanced Decom unit contains a battery for power storage, a fuel cell and a waste recycling module in highly miniature form. See Figures 16A-16C.
  • the cassette supplies the water/hydride mix and can recycle internally for small loads or be removed at night and placed into a recycling-only version of the Decom unit to be fully charged for the next use period.
  • the solid material in the cassette is pushed out, under Decom control on demand, by a conventional rotary-to-linear leadscrew drive pusher, as one possible option.
  • Hfuel Alloy Cassette Hfuel MCW (Massively Catalyzed Water) Cassette, Decom unit, Decom Home Unit, Memory Card, Hydrogen network distribution and central control software (H-Net), Processor Array, and Vehicle Decom unit.
  • Hfuel Alloy cassette is a relatively small container holding a specially compounded and chemically accelerated metal hydride alloy as a core material in a manner ready to be deployed by a Decom unit to extract the usable fuel.
  • the Hfuel MCW cassette is a relatively small container holding specially compounded water as a core material in a manner ready to be deployed by a Decom unit to extract the usable fuel.
  • the Decom Unit is the automated fuel extraction device, into which the Hfuel Cassettes are inserted.
  • the Decom Home Unit is a very efficient, minimum-sized unit designed to connect at a user's home or office to their fuel cell fuel input or to have a fuel cell incorporated into it so that this version of the Decom can help the user to remove themselves from the local or regional power grid and supply and manage their own energy needs.
  • the Memory and Telemetry device is an electronic circuit housed in a small package.
  • the Decom It enables the Decom to read the current fuel usage and communicate that information back to the H-Net software database to help the distributor and the user to determine what the best delivery, distribution and management configuration is for their onsite energy system.
  • the H-Net Software is a global database software package, which interacts with the distributors, management staff, the end user and the telemetry devices for integrated management, operations, ordering and scheduling of fuel.
  • the Processing Array is the factory system designed to produce Hfuel Cassettes.
  • the Vehicle Decom unit is a smaller device, which processes Hfuel Cassettes on board a vehicle and supplies the fuel directly to the vehicle fuel cell or engine system.
  • the fuel cassette can hold either MCW liquid material or metallic alloy material but it does not need or require both materials.
  • An Hfuel Cassette has very high gravimetric Hydrogen, or similar alternative fuel, density. It is produced at a low cost. It has very productive hydrogen, or similar alternative fuel, dissociation energetics.
  • the weight percentage of usable fuel discharged from an Hfuel cassette is highly favorable from a •thermodynamic standpoint at standard temperatures with very high kinetics and very feasible reversibility.
  • the Alloy Cassettes can perform dehydriding and rehydriding effectively.
  • Hfuel uses levels of catalysts to increase its effectiveness.
  • the cassette has a metal or plastic housing.
  • the housing is a preformed separate material or the internal core of the housing could be dipped into a plastic or metal compound, which would seal the core material within.
  • the housing has an electronic circuit embedded in it, which assists the Decom unit in its process or which assists the Memory Telemetry device in its process.
  • the cassette may have rails, ridges, guides, depressions, recesses or ridges, which assist the Decom unit or the Processing array in organizing and handling the cassette.
  • the cassette could have a housing in multiple parts, a doorway or an ability to be opened or broken by the Decom unit to expose the internal core material.
  • there is a-metallic .alloy which is used as the core material of the cassette.
  • the Hfuel Alloy Cassette, or the Hfuel MCW (Massively Catalyzed Water) Cassette, Decom unit, Decom Home unit, Memory Card, H-Net Software, Processor Array, and Vehicle Decom unit may all be interconnected parts of a unitized system of one embodiment.
  • the system does not need to be unitized to work but functions best when unitized.
  • the interconnections are the following:
  • the Hfuel Cassette is produced from the Processor Array system.
  • HFuel Cassettes can have a core material component composed of specially compounded water, specially compounded hydride chemicals or other matter as described above.
  • the Hfuel Cassettes are loaded in any of a number of different sized Decom units that automatically process the core material in the cassettes to extract the usable hydrogen and provide it to a conventional fuel cell for use in an engine or device.
  • a Decom unit or any unit that uses fuel can have a Memory card attached to it to monitor and advise, via telemetry, the status of the end-user fuel system.
  • the H-Net Software receives data from the Memory Card and processes it via a database that helps end-users and distributors to manage and plan their fuel needs and operations.
  • the Vehicle Decom is a miniaturized Cassette holder and processing unit with an integrated Memory Card, which locates the nearest hydrogen fuel source.
  • a fuel cassette 505 is shown to include a region for the core material 510 from which the Hydrogen fuel is recovered by the Decom unit 210.
  • cassette 505 includes a memory chip 512 or other type of electronic device for retaining and processing information related to the cassette 505.
  • the core material 510 and memory chip 512 are contained within a cassette housing 514 as shown in a plan view in Figure 5 A and a side view in Figure 5B.
  • core fuel material 510 may be any of a variety of Hydrogen fuel producing compounds including solid alloy and MCW, and other compounds described above.
  • FIG. 5C an embodiment is shown wherein a solid alloy core material 522 is contained within cassette 520.
  • a plunger or push-rod 524 manipulated by Decom unit 210 is used to push the solid alloy core material 522 out of cassette 520 for processing and recovery by Decom unit 210.
  • foil end covers allow the core material to be pushed through and out into the processing section or stacker of Decom 210.
  • the Decom unit 210 splits a cassette open at a predefined seam in order to access the core material 510 contained therein. Alternatively, the core material can be manually pushed into the Decom processing section.
  • a cassette 530 is shown to contain MCW liquid core material 532.
  • the MCW water is drained into the Decom unit 210 for processing and Hydrogen recovery via an outlet port on cassette 530.
  • cassette 540 is configured with multiple interior regions 542 and 544.
  • a first interior region 542 stores alloy material, for example, sodium hydride.
  • the region 544 is used for storage of MCW material or other catalysts only. In this configuration, multiple interior regions of cassette 540 can be used to retain and keep separate two different materials which may be used in later processing steps by Decom unit 210.
  • Decom unit 610 includes various functional blocks, which may be implemented as removable and reconfigurable modular components.
  • cassette intake and processor 612 i.e. receiving receptacle
  • the modular cassette intake and processor 612 may be interchanged and reconfigured to correspond with the particular type of fuel cassette 605 being used for a particular implementation.
  • cassette intake and processor 612 may be configured to receive an MCW type fuel cassette 605. In this configuration, cassette intake and processor 612 would include necessary components for extracting the MCW core material from an input cassette 605.
  • cassette intake and processor 612 may be configured to receive solid alloy material from the input fuel cassette 605.
  • cassette intake and processor 612 includes components for extracting solid alloy from the interior region of input cassette 605. Part of these components would include, in most embodiments, a push-rod 524 as shown in Figure 5C.
  • Decom unit 610 also includes a water storage purification and catalyzing system 614.
  • Decom unit 610 further includes recycle module 616.
  • Decom unit 610 also includes process controller array 620 and transduction and flow control manifold 630 for controlling processes and activities performed within Decom unit 610.
  • Decom unit 610 may also include thermal system 632 if heat is required for particular reactions or processes. A cooling system 634 may also be provided. Buffer tank 636 is also included in Decom unit 610. The Decom unit 610 further includes intensifier 638. Data processing within Decom unit 610 is handled by microprocessing unit 640 and communication with a data network is provided via a network connection. Venting valves 624 are provided to keep pressures within tolerance. Decom unit 610 may also include a conventional fuel cell 618 which may provide a trickle charge to trickle charge battery 622. In this manner, the Decom 610 can be self-powered.
  • Fig. 7A a rotary style cassette clip 710 is shown. In this manner, a plurality of cassettes 705 may be loaded into a rotary cassette clip 710 and discharged one by one into the cassette receiving receptacle of Decom unit 610. In this manner, a plurality of cassettes may be provided one after another to a Decom unit.
  • Fig. 7B illustrates a stacked cassette clip 720.
  • a plurality of fuel cassettes is stacked in a cassette clip 720 for sequential loading into the cassette receiving receptacle of Decom unit 610.
  • a fuel cassette is extracted from cassette clip 720 and provided to the cassette receiving receptacle 612 of Decom unit 610.
  • Decom unit 610 opens the cassette and accesses the electronic information device 110.
  • the information related to the received cassette is read by the Decom unit 610 and the spent cassette housing is ejected to a recycle clip or to the top of the main clip 720.
  • the core material extracted from the input cassette is sent to the activation process in block 723.
  • the core material from the fuel cassette is processed by the Decom unit.
  • usable hydrogen fuel 728 is output by the Decom unit and may be loaded into a conventional fuel cell 734 or used directly.
  • waste products produced by the creation of the hydrogen fuel are sent to a recycling module via block 730 and/or to a recycle process module 732.
  • waste products of the recovery of hydrogen fuel may be captured and separately processed by Decom unit 610.
  • a Decom unit 740 is illustrated in Fig. 7D.
  • Decom unit 740 includes an antenna and telemetry receiving device 742.
  • Telemetry receiver 742 receives information wirelessly from fuel cassettes having a memory and telemetry device 115 embedded therein. The cassette related information is sent wirelessly to the Decom unit 740 and received by telemetry receiver 742.
  • Decom unit 740 can obtain cassette specific information which may be used later in processing a particular cassette or to aggregate information related to the fuel needs of a particular application.
  • Decom unit 740 further includes an infrared reader 746 for receiving information from remote or hand-held computing devices, which are well-known to those of ordinary skill in the art.
  • Decom unit 740 may also be connected to a conventional telephone line or high speed data link for connection to a network information source or network server.
  • a process initializer activates the collection of base materials in blocks 912, 914 and 916. These base materials are processed in block 918 where treatment of the compounds is handled and various additives are provided. Quality testing of the compound and fabricated cassette is performed in block 920.
  • the electronic device 110 on the newly fabricated cassette can be programmed and/or read and related information transferred to a central fuel management database in block 922.
  • the cassette is logged as inventory in block 924 and queued for transport and distribution in block 926. Waste reclaiming is handled in block 928.
  • FIG 10 one process is illustrated for creating Massively Catalyzed Water for use as a core fuel material in the present invention.
  • naturally occurring sea, lake, ground, storm, or other natural water sources are processed for purity to create natural water.
  • ozonation optimization of bond angle between the H 2 atoms in the water molecule is handled.
  • atomic amounts of specific materials are introduced. Ionization control is handled in block 1016.
  • FIG. 11A and 11B an example illustrates one embodiment of a cassette 110 useful for handling solid alloy core fuel material.
  • a solid alloy type cassette 110 is shown prior to use in a Decom unit 610.
  • Solid alloy cassette 1110 includes solid alloy core material 1112 contained therein.
  • An outer housing of cassette 1110 may be fabricated from a collapsible material, which may be collapsed manually or by a push-rod 1114 activated by Decom unit 610. As Decom unit 610 applies pressure to push-rod 1114, the solid alloy material 1112 is ejected from cassette 1110 and made accessible to Decom unit 610 for processing.
  • Reactions that involve kinetic control are influenced by the rates of formation, where thermodynamic control is influenced by the stability of each product.
  • Electrophilic addition reactions can be controlled by the amount of time given for a reaction to occur. Under longer time periods, products that are formed slower and actually predominate in their reaction. An equilibrium will eventually be reached where the more stable product is present in larger amounts.
  • a fuel cassette of the present invention can be sent by conventional package delivery services to any location at which a user may wish to use Hydrogen fuel for powering a device, such as a vehicle 1318.
  • cassette 1312 can be proximately located to a consumer or user and a Decom unit 1314 also proximate to the consumer/user. The consumer receives the cassette 1312 and inserts the fuel cassette into Decom unit 1314 as described earlier in this document.
  • Decom unit 1314 processes the core material on the received cassette 1312 and produces usable Hydrogen fuel as a result of the processing performed by Decom unit 1314.
  • This usable fuel can be output to a conventional fuel cell 1316 which may thereafter be used to power a vehicle 1318 compatible with conventional fuel cell 1316 technology.
  • the present invention enables the remote delivery of Hydrogen core fuel material via cassette 1312 to a location proximate to use in a Hydrogen fuel-consuming device.
  • the present invention enables the widespread distribution of Hydrogen fuel core material using inexpensive and currently available conventional package delivery infrastructure.
  • an embodiment of the present invention as used in an automobile is illustrated. As shown, an automobile trunk or hood section 1410 may be used for the storage of various components of the present invention.
  • the vehicle may include a linear or rotary clip of Hfuel cassettes for serial loading into the vehicle mounted Decom unit 1420.
  • a linear or rotary clip cassette configurations was described above.
  • the vehicle mounted Decom unit 1420 may receive in serial fashion a plurality of Hfuel cassettes and thereby receive a steady supply of Hydrogen core fuel material for conversion to usable Hydrogen fuel, which may be output to the vehicle's conventional fuel cell 1414 or directly to the vehicle's engine.
  • the present invention has application in powering vehicles using Hydrogen fuel.
  • FIGS. 15 A and 15B diagrams illustrate a configuration of electronics and memory devices, which may be configured on an embodiment of an Hfuel cassette device 1510.
  • a memory chip and processor 1516 on cassette 1510 can be used to retain and process information related to the energy contained within cassette 1510. This information can be conveyed via radio transceiver circuit 1518 to vehicle fuel sensors or filling station fuel sensors in block 1512. Further, this cassette information may be conveyed to a remotely located stand-alone Decom unit. In this manner, information specific to a particular Hfuel cassette unit may be sent remotely to a central information collection point for processing and combination with other system information.
  • fuel cassette 1520 may retain information including version number, production number, compound formulation, date, source identification data, and other information related to the characteristics and capacity of energy retained within the fuel cassette 1520.
  • a miniaturized fuel system can be configured for attachment to the belt of a wearer as shown in Figure 16C.
  • a system may include the components illustrated in Figure 16 A.
  • the system may include a fuel cassette 1610, a small Decom unit 1612, a fuel cell 1614, a recycle module 1616, battery 1618, and a control system and memory/telemetry circuit 1620.
  • the system may be used to produce power in a very small and portable system configuration.
  • manifold pressure transduction and flow meter absorption 1632 are provided to a purifying system 1634.
  • Massively Catalyzed Water 1664 is provided to electrolyzer 1652 through flow meter 1662. Water is output to purifying system 1634 from electrolyzer 1652.
  • the Hfuel cassette and Decom units in various embodiments of the present invention are described above. These components may be combined into a larger Hydrogen fuel distribution and recovery system as will be described in more detail below in connection with Figures 17-20.
  • the Hfuel cassettes of various embodiments of the present invention include electronic devices 110 for storage and processing of various information related to a specific cassette device. This information can be remotely transmitted via memory/telemetry device 115 to a Decom and/or centralized control facility, which may aggregate the information received from a plurality of fuel cassettes deployed at arbitrary locations remotely located from the central controller.
  • the central controller function is handled by a global distribution network management software system (H-Net).
  • H-Net global distribution network management software system
  • the H-Net software system or central controller of one embodiment of the present invention will be described in more detail below.
  • the H-Net software system of one embodiment is responsible for collecting and efficiently managing the flow of Hydrogen fuel and corresponding Hfuel cassettes through a particular fuel distribution network.
  • the H-Net global distribution network management software system 1710 is shown as receiving input from a variety of sources.
  • the central controller software 1710 receives information related to the fabrication or creation of new sets of each fuel cassettes.
  • information related to raw materials and the fabrication of raw materials into core fuel goods is conveyed to controller software 1710 from blocks 1712 and 1714.
  • management software 1710 receives information related to the core material inserted into cassettes and ready for distribution in inventory from blocks 1716 and 1718. In this manner, management software 1710 is able to retain information related to sets of fuel cassettes in inventory and ready for use by consumers.
  • the Hfuel cassettes in inventory may be consumed by consumers through various channels. Particularly, consumers may order small parcel delivery of fuel cassettes (block 1720). Additionally, consumers may order or obtain fuel cassettes via conventional filling stations in block 1722.
  • the present invention also enables consumers to configure a fuel cassette and/or a Decom unit to automatically electronically convey ordering information to the management software 1710 or a local server, which may process fuel orders. In this manner, the consumer does not need to explicitly order new Hfuel cassettes when existing inventories of Hfuel cassettes have been exhausted.
  • the Hfuel cassette and/or Decom unit can automatically convey ordering information to management software 1710 via the memory/telemetry circuit 115 and/or microprocessing unit 640. Additionally, consumers may explicitly order fuel cassettes via conventional 800 telephone numbers, Internet accessible websites, or other conventional direct order techniques (block 1726). Additionally, management software 1710 receives information from Decom units deployed in various locations in a distribution network. For example, small business or large business Decom units may convey fuel usage and requirements information to management software 1710. Also, reseller and consumer Decom units may also convey similar information to management software 1710. Finally, management software 1710 may also receive and/or convey information between web and Internet data sources or other customer or supplier information sources (block 1738).
  • memory/telemetry devices either attached to stationary Decom units (block 1810) or detached to mobile Decom units (block 1812) may convey fuel cassette information to a central server 1814 using various wired and wireless conventional data communications techniques.
  • This information aggregated by server 1814 may be communicated to a corporate central management facility, which manages the overall fuel distribution network.
  • This aggregated information combined with other fuel distribution related information can be used to efficiently dispatch and control delivery and/or inventory of Hfuel cassettes throughout a fuel distribution network.
  • Figure 19 a diagram illustrates the interaction between sales of and orders for fuel cassettes in a typical fuel distribution network of embodiments of the present invention.
  • FIG. 20 a diagram illustrates the typical flow of fuel-related information among a fuel distribution network.
  • This network can include participants within a particular organization 2040 and/or other participants not part of the organization (2050). As described below, this fuel-related information can be conveyed among a large group of participants using conventional data network infrastructures.
  • Wide-area network 2110 includes the Internet, or other proprietary networks including America On-LineTM, CompuServeTM, Microsoft Network TM, and Prodigy TM, each of which are well known to those of ordinary skill in the art.
  • Wide- area network 2110 may include conventional network backbones, long-haul telephone lines, Internet service providers, various levels of network routers, and other conventional means for routing data between computers.
  • server 2100 may communicate through wide-area network 2110 to a plurality of client computer systems 2120, 2130, 2140 connected through wide-area network 2110 in various ways.
  • client 2140 is connected directly to wide-area network 2110 through direct or dial-up telephone or other network transmission line.
  • clients 2130 may be connected through wide-area network 2110 using a modem pool 2114.
  • a conventional modem pool 2114 allows a plurality of client systems to connect with a smaller set of modems in modem pool 2114 for connection through wide-area network 2110.
  • wide-area network 2110 is connected to a gateway computer 2112. Gateway computer 2112 is used to route data to clients 2120 through a local area network (LAN) 2116.
  • LAN local area network
  • clients 2120 can communicate with each other through local area network 2116 or with server 2100 through gateway 2112 and wide- area network 2110.
  • server computer 2100 can communicate with client computers 2150 using conventional means, hi a particular implementation of this network configuration, a server computer 2100 may operate as a web server if the World-Wide Web (WWW) portion of the Internet is used for wide area network 2110.
  • WWW World-Wide Web
  • web server 2100 may communicate across the World-Wide Web with clients 2150.
  • clients 2150 use a client application program known as a web browser such as the NetscapeTM NavigatorTM formerly published by Netscape Corporation of Mountain View, CA, the Internet ExplorerTM published by Microsoft Corporation of Redmond, Washington, the user interface of America On-LineTM, or the web browser or HTM--JXML translator or any other well-known supplier.
  • a web browser such as the NetscapeTM NavigatorTM formerly published by Netscape Corporation of Mountain View, CA, the Internet ExplorerTM published by Microsoft Corporation of Redmond, Washington, the user interface of America On-LineTM, or the web browser or HTM--JXML translator or any other well-known supplier.
  • clients 2150 may access image, graphical, and textual data provided by web server 100 or run Web application software.
  • FIGs. 22A and 22B illustrate an example of a computer system 2200 illustrating an exemplary client 2150 or server 2100 computer system in which the features of the present invention may be implemented.
  • Computer system 2200 is comprised of a data bus or other communications means 2214 and 2216 for communicating information, and a processing means such as processor 2220 coupled with bus 2214 for processing information.
  • Computer system 2200 further comprises a random access memory (RAM) or other dynamic storage device 2222 (commonly referred to as main memory), coupled to bus 2214 for storing information and instructions to be executed by processor 2220.
  • Main memory 2222 also may be used for storing temporary variables or other intermediate information during execution of instructions by processor 2220.
  • Computer system 2200 may also comprise a read only memory (ROM) and /or other static storage device 2224 coupled to bus 2214 for storing static information and instructions for processor 2220.
  • An optional data storage device 2212 such as a magnetic disk or optical disk and its corresponding drive 2228 may also be coupled to computer system 2200 for storing information and instructions.
  • Computer system 2200 can also be coupled via bus 2216 to a display device 2204, such as a cathode ray tube (CRT) or a liquid crystal display (LCD), for displaying information to a computer user.
  • a display device 2204 such as a cathode ray tube (CRT) or a liquid crystal display (LCD), for displaying information to a computer user.
  • CTR cathode ray tube
  • LCD liquid crystal display
  • an alphanumeric input device 2208 is coupled to bus 2216 for communicating information and/or command selections to processor 2220.
  • cursor control device 2206 such as a conventional mouse, trackball, or other type of cursor direction keys for communicating direction information and command selection to processor 2220 and for controlling cursor movement on display 2204.
  • the client 2150 can be implemented as a network computer or thin client device, such as the WebTV Networks Internet terminal, the Oracle NC, a personal digital assistant (PDA), or mobile communication device, such as a cellular telephone.
  • Client 2150 may also be a laptop or palm-top computing device, such as the Palm PilotTM.
  • Client 2150 could also be implemented in a robust cellular telephone, where such devices are currently being used with Internet micro-browsers.
  • Such a network computer or thin client device does not necessarily include all of the devices and features of the above-described exemplary computer system; however, the functionality of the present invention or a subset thereof may nevertheless be implemented with such devices.
  • a communication device 2226 is also coupled to bus 2216 for accessing remote computers or servers, such as web server 2100, or other servers via the Internet, for example.
  • the communication device 2226 may include a modem, a network interface card, or other well-known interface devices, such as those used for interfacing with Ethernet, Token-ring, or other types of networks.
  • the computer system 2200 may be coupled to a number of servers 2100 via a conventional network infrastructure such as the exemplary infrastructure illustrated in Figure 21 and described above.
  • the system of the present invention includes software implemented on information processing hardware and using various processing steps, which are described above.
  • the features and process steps of the present invention may be embodied in machine or computer executable instructions.
  • the instructions can be used to cause a general purpose or special purpose processor, which is programmed with the instructions to perform the steps of the present invention.
  • the features or steps of the present invention may be performed by specific hardware components that contain hard-wired logic for performing the steps, or by any combination of programmed computer components and custom hardware components. While embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the World-Wide Web, the method and apparatus described herein is equally applicable to other network infrastructures or other data communications systems.
  • FIG. 23 conventional HTML web pages illustrate one embodiment of a user interface for accessing information related to the hydrogen fuel distribution and recovery system of the present invention.
  • users of the hydrogen fuel distribution system of the present invention may access the system as members of various groups identified as industrial users, resellers, consumers, or hydrogen team (H-team) members.
  • users accessing the fuel distribution website may create user accounts and log in as specified users under user identifiers and passwords.
  • the typical web interface illustrated in Figure 24 can be displayed.
  • a user of the fuel distribution system of the present invention may access various items of functionality provided by the system.
  • a user may determine the daily usage of hydrogen fuel as that information is provided through usage of fuel cassettes with electronic devices identifying usage throughout a system. Additionally, a user may request various information reports created by the system which highlight and report a variety of information including fuel usage, availability, distribution, and status. Additionally, a user may determine when the system has determined a new reload of hydrogen fuel may be required at a particular location. This information is determined based on the current consumption, current availability, and rate of consumption as determined by the reporting provided by individual Hfuel cassettes and the processing performed by corresponding Decom units. This availability and processing information is conveyed to the central controller software via the network interface of various Decom units distributed throughout the system. It will be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art that other types of information may be collected and reported via the typical network user interface illustrated by example in Figures 23 and 24.

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  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Hydrogen, Water And Hydrids (AREA)
  • Fuel Cell (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé et un système de distribution et de récupération de cartouches d'hydrogène combustible.
PCT/US2003/008298 2002-03-15 2003-03-14 Procede et dispositif destines a la mise en oeuvre d'un systeme de distribution et de recuperation de cartouches d'hydrogene combustible WO2003078252A2 (fr)

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US10/099,771 2002-03-15
US10/099,274 2002-03-15
US10/099,771 US7399325B1 (en) 2002-03-15 2002-03-15 Method and apparatus for a hydrogen fuel cassette distribution and recovery system

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WO2005064720A3 (fr) * 2003-12-19 2005-12-22 Ballard Power Systems Surveillance des piles a combustible au moyen de dispositifs rfid
US7399325B1 (en) 2002-03-15 2008-07-15 Fuelsell Technologies, Inc. Method and apparatus for a hydrogen fuel cassette distribution and recovery system
US8147599B2 (en) 2009-02-17 2012-04-03 Mcalister Technologies, Llc Apparatuses and methods for storing and/or filtering a substance
EP2426764A3 (fr) * 2003-12-01 2013-01-23 Société BIC Alimentation de pile à combustible incluant un dispositif de stockage d'informations et système de contrôle
US8617399B2 (en) 2011-08-12 2013-12-31 Mcalister Technologies, Llc Dynamic filtration system and associated methods
US9314719B2 (en) 2011-08-12 2016-04-19 Mcalister Technologies, Llc Filter having spiral-shaped distributor channels
US9534296B2 (en) 2013-03-15 2017-01-03 Mcalister Technologies, Llc Methods of manufacture of engineered materials and devices

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WO2014194124A1 (fr) 2013-05-29 2014-12-04 Mcalister Technologies, Llc Procédés permettant un recyclage de réservoir de combustible et une production nette de marchandises à base de carbone et de combustible à base d'hydrogène, ainsi qu'appareil et systèmes associés

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US3674702A (en) * 1970-02-25 1972-07-04 Us Navy Hydrogen gas generating composition and method for the same
DE2244944B2 (de) * 1972-09-13 1976-06-10 Siemens AG, 1000 Berlin und 8000 München Verfahren zur erzeugung von wasserstoff
US3977990A (en) * 1974-10-30 1976-08-31 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Controlled generation of cool hydrogen from solid mixtures

Cited By (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7399325B1 (en) 2002-03-15 2008-07-15 Fuelsell Technologies, Inc. Method and apparatus for a hydrogen fuel cassette distribution and recovery system
US10090547B2 (en) 2003-12-01 2018-10-02 Intelligent Energy Limited Fuel cell supply including information storage device and control system
EP2426764A3 (fr) * 2003-12-01 2013-01-23 Société BIC Alimentation de pile à combustible incluant un dispositif de stockage d'informations et système de contrôle
US8614031B2 (en) 2003-12-01 2013-12-24 Societe Bic Fuel cell supply including information storage device and control system
EP1690309B1 (fr) * 2003-12-01 2018-09-12 Intelligent Energy Limited Reserve de pile a combustible comportant un dispositif de stockage d'information et un systeme de commande
WO2005064720A3 (fr) * 2003-12-19 2005-12-22 Ballard Power Systems Surveillance des piles a combustible au moyen de dispositifs rfid
US8641810B2 (en) 2009-02-17 2014-02-04 Mcalister Technologies, Llc Apparatuses and methods for storing and/or filtering a substance
US9409126B2 (en) 2009-02-17 2016-08-09 Mcalister Technologies, Llc Apparatuses and methods for storing and/or filtering a substance
US8147599B2 (en) 2009-02-17 2012-04-03 Mcalister Technologies, Llc Apparatuses and methods for storing and/or filtering a substance
US9314719B2 (en) 2011-08-12 2016-04-19 Mcalister Technologies, Llc Filter having spiral-shaped distributor channels
US9327226B2 (en) 2011-08-12 2016-05-03 Mcalister Technologies, Llc Dynamic filtration system and associated methods
US8617399B2 (en) 2011-08-12 2013-12-31 Mcalister Technologies, Llc Dynamic filtration system and associated methods
US9534296B2 (en) 2013-03-15 2017-01-03 Mcalister Technologies, Llc Methods of manufacture of engineered materials and devices

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AU2003218237A8 (en) 2003-09-29
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