WO2003061050A1 - Membrane poreuse a base d'un melange d'un fluoropolymere et d'un silane - Google Patents
Membrane poreuse a base d'un melange d'un fluoropolymere et d'un silane Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2003061050A1 WO2003061050A1 PCT/FR2003/000071 FR0300071W WO03061050A1 WO 2003061050 A1 WO2003061050 A1 WO 2003061050A1 FR 0300071 W FR0300071 W FR 0300071W WO 03061050 A1 WO03061050 A1 WO 03061050A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- fluoropolymer
- silane
- separator
- membrane
- membrane according
- Prior art date
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- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 63
- 229920002313 fluoropolymer Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- BLRPTPMANUNPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silane Chemical compound [SiH4] BLRPTPMANUNPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 229910000077 silane Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- 239000004811 fluoropolymer Substances 0.000 title claims description 34
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 15
- FZHAPNGMFPVSLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silanamine Chemical compound [SiH3]N FZHAPNGMFPVSLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920001519 homopolymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052809 inorganic oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012764 mineral filler Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000004760 silicates Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- FUJCRWPEOMXPAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium oxide Chemical class [Li+].[Li+].[O-2] FUJCRWPEOMXPAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001947 lithium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 abstract description 14
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 11
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 2
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 17
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 13
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 10
- 230000000930 thermomechanical effect Effects 0.000 description 10
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- DOIRQSBPFJWKBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N dibutyl phthalate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)OCCCC DOIRQSBPFJWKBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 8
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 8
- IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl carbonate Chemical compound COC(=O)OC IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 7
- BQCIDUSAKPWEOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1-Difluoroethene Chemical compound FC(F)=C BQCIDUSAKPWEOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 6
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 6
- 235000019241 carbon black Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 6
- HCDGVLDPFQMKDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexafluoropropylene Chemical group FC(F)=C(F)C(F)(F)F HCDGVLDPFQMKDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000003760 magnetic stirring Methods 0.000 description 5
- -1 propylene, ethylene, dimethyl ethyl Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Butanol Chemical compound CCCCO LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 4
- BFKJFAAPBSQJPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrafluoroethene Chemical compound FC(F)=C(F)F BFKJFAAPBSQJPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000004580 weight loss Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000014510 cooky Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 230000002209 hydrophobic effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- BLTXWCKMNMYXEA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,2-trifluoro-2-(trifluoromethoxy)ethene Chemical compound FC(F)=C(F)OC(F)(F)F BLTXWCKMNMYXEA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GVEUEBXMTMZVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,6-nonafluorohex-1-ene Chemical group FC(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C=C GVEUEBXMTMZVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SJECZPVISLOESU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-trimethoxysilylpropan-1-amine Chemical compound CO[Si](OC)(OC)CCCN SJECZPVISLOESU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YSYRISKCBOPJRG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,5-difluoro-2,2-bis(trifluoromethyl)-1,3-dioxole Chemical compound FC1=C(F)OC(C(F)(F)F)(C(F)(F)F)O1 YSYRISKCBOPJRG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UUAGAQFQZIEFAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorotrifluoroethylene Chemical group FC(F)=C(F)Cl UUAGAQFQZIEFAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229960002380 dibutyl phthalate Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004014 plasticizer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000035882 stress Effects 0.000 description 2
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- WYTZZXDRDKSJID-UHFFFAOYSA-N (3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane Chemical compound CCO[Si](OCC)(OCC)CCCN WYTZZXDRDKSJID-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WFLOTYSKFUPZQB-OWOJBTEDSA-N (e)-1,2-difluoroethene Chemical group F\C=C\F WFLOTYSKFUPZQB-OWOJBTEDSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MIZLGWKEZAPEFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,2-trifluoroethene Chemical group FC=C(F)F MIZLGWKEZAPEFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HFNSTEOEZJBXIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,4,5-tetrafluoro-1,3-dioxole Chemical compound FC1=C(F)OC(F)(F)O1 HFNSTEOEZJBXIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QMIWYOZFFSLIAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,3,3-trifluoro-2-(trifluoromethyl)prop-1-ene Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C(=C)C(F)(F)F QMIWYOZFFSLIAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FDMFUZHCIRHGRG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,3,3-trifluoroprop-1-ene Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C=C FDMFUZHCIRHGRG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004438 BET method Methods 0.000 description 1
- FGEGZNORXGGFML-UHFFFAOYSA-N C(C)C=COF Chemical compound C(C)C=COF FGEGZNORXGGFML-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PYGXAGIECVVIOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dibutyl decanedioate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)CCCCCCCCC(=O)OCCCC PYGXAGIECVVIOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OCC OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene carbonate Chemical compound O=C1OCCO1 KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine Chemical compound FF PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920006370 Kynar Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910013075 LiBF Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910006095 SO2F Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003710 aryl alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000753 cycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002170 ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000004428 fluoroalkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000003709 fluoroalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- XUCNUKMRBVNAPB-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluoroethene Chemical compound FC=C XUCNUKMRBVNAPB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011245 gel electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 description 1
- 238000005470 impregnation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011244 liquid electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910021450 lithium metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910003002 lithium salt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 159000000002 lithium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- GLBLPMUBLHYFCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-(5,7-dimethoxy-[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-2-yl)-2-methoxy-4-(trifluoromethyl)pyridine-3-sulfonamide Chemical compound N1=C2N=C(OC)C=C(OC)N2N=C1NS(=O)(=O)C1=C(OC)N=CC=C1C(F)(F)F GLBLPMUBLHYFCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000004430 oxygen atom Chemical group O* 0.000 description 1
- FOKCKXCUQFKNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N pent-1-enyl hypofluorite Chemical compound C(CC)C=COF FOKCKXCUQFKNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 125000002924 primary amino group Chemical group [H]N([H])* 0.000 description 1
- RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene carbonate Chemical compound CC1COC(=O)O1 RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000006479 redox reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007480 spreading Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003892 spreading Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000004584 weight gain Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000019786 weight gain Nutrition 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/131—Electrodes based on mixed oxides or hydroxides, or on mixtures of oxides or hydroxides, e.g. LiCoOx
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
- H01M50/411—Organic material
- H01M50/414—Synthetic resins, e.g. thermoplastics or thermosetting resins
- H01M50/426—Fluorocarbon polymers
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D69/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by their form, structure or properties; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
- B01D69/14—Dynamic membranes
- B01D69/141—Heterogeneous membranes, e.g. containing dispersed material; Mixed matrix membranes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D71/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by the material; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
- B01D71/06—Organic material
- B01D71/30—Polyalkenyl halides
- B01D71/32—Polyalkenyl halides containing fluorine atoms
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D71/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by the material; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
- B01D71/06—Organic material
- B01D71/30—Polyalkenyl halides
- B01D71/32—Polyalkenyl halides containing fluorine atoms
- B01D71/34—Polyvinylidene fluoride
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/50—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese
- H01M4/505—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing manganese for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiMn2O4 or LiMn2OxFy
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/52—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron
- H01M4/525—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing iron, cobalt or nickel for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiNiO2, LiCoO2 or LiCoOxFy
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
- H01M4/621—Binders
- H01M4/622—Binders being polymers
- H01M4/623—Binders being polymers fluorinated polymers
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/133—Electrodes based on carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/485—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of mixed oxides or hydroxides for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiTi2O4 or LiTi2OxFy
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a porous membrane based on a mixture of a fluoropolymer and a silane.
- This membrane is useful in electrochemical generators such as for example Lithium-ion batteries.
- a Lithium-ion battery consists of a positive electrode, a negative electrode, a separator is placed between and the assembly is filled with an electrolyte.
- the electrodes of a Lithium-ion battery consist of an electroactive layer associated with a metal layer (the collector).
- the electroactive layer is a fluoropolymer (or fluoropolymer) highly charged with carbon and / or oxides, the fluoropolymer is also qualified as a binder. This fluoropolymer ensures the cohesion of the electroactive layer.
- the electroactive layer containing either charges of metallic lithium oxides or charges of carbon and / or graphite, with other ingredients for regulating the electrical performance is generally produced by dispersion fillers in a solvent in the presence of a fluoropolymeric binder.
- the dispersion thus obtained is for example deposited on a metal collector by a "Cast" method, the solvent is then evaporated to obtain a negative or positive electrode depending on the charges used.
- the metal collectors used are generally copper sheets or grids in the case of the negative electrode and aluminum in the case of the positive electrode.
- the polymeric binder ensures the cohesion of the electroactive layer as well as the adhesion to the metal collector.
- This cohesion and this adhesion are necessary for the good performance of the batteries.
- the performance of the battery depends closely on the characteristics of the binder.
- a good binder makes it possible to produce layers sufficiently loaded with electroactive ingredients in relation to the quantity of binder required and thus makes it possible to have a high specific capacity.
- the binder must also be stable with respect to redox reactions during charge and discharge cycles and must also be insensitive to the electrolyte present in the battery.
- This electrolyte typically contains solvents of carbonate type such as propylene, ethylene, dimethyl ethyl carbonate and a lithium salt such as LiPF ⁇ or LiBF.
- PVDF or copolymers of VF2 are materials which have the characteristics for their use as lithium battery binders.
- Microporous polyolefin separators (mainly PE or PP) are used in Li-ion technology with liquid electrolyte, while for Li-ion batteries with gel electrolyte it is often microporous PVDF separators that are used.
- the porous membrane of the invention consists of a mixture of fluoropolymer and silane, which is also designated by "fluoropolymer modified by a silane” or “fluoropolymer modified by a silane”. Depending on the charge it contains, it is useful as an electroactive layer or as a separator.
- the porous membrane of the invention is also useful as a separator in non-rechargeable batteries.
- Patent EP 730316 describes Li-ion battery separators made of homopolymer or copolymer PVDF.
- the separator can be sintered PVDF, an open cell PVDF foam or else PVDF deposited in "solvent cast", that is to say deposited in solution in a solvent and then spread on a surface.
- Patent WO9859384 describes separators of Li-ion batteries based on a mixture of PVDF and a filler chosen from silicates, inorganic oxides, silica and alumina.
- the separators described in the two previous patents are such that, under real conditions of use of a battery (ie swollen in the electrolyte) they resist a rise in temperature up to 80 ° C, but hardly beyond since it dissolves in the electrolyte. This is sufficient for the most common applications, but for particularly demanding applications of the Li-ion battery, such as very fast charges and discharges (> 5C), the battery undergoes an additional heating which obliges to use separators which do not dissolve up to a temperature of 100 ° C.
- This modification of the fluoropolymer by a silane is advantageous, not only for the porous membranes used as separators, but also for the porous membranes used as electroactive layers.
- the prior art US 6010628 describes membranes permeable to oxygen and impermeable to water vapor used in electrochemical current generators. These membranes are made of copolymers of VF2 (vinylidene fluoride) and TFE (tetrafluoroethylene) and one of the faces is covered with a silane which is deposited using a solvent. This has nothing to do with the present invention in which the constituent of the membrane is a mixture of a fluoropolymer and a silane.
- the present invention relates to a porous membrane based on a mixture comprising, by weight, 0.1 to 30% of at least one silane for respectively 99.9 to 70% of at least one fluoropolymer.
- the invention also relates to electrochemical cells having a positive electrode, a separator and a negative electrode and in which at at least one electrode or the separator consists of the previous porous membrane.
- the membrane advantageously contains a filler such as, for example, silica, to form an electrode it contains either carbon black or metal oxides.
- the porous membrane of the invention is advantageously a separator in a Li-ion battery.
- any polymer having in its chain at least one monomer chosen from compounds containing a vinyl group capable of opening up to polymerize and which contains, directly attached to this vinyl group, at least one atom is thus designated. of fluorine, a fluoroalkyl group or a fluoroalkoxy group.
- the fluoropolymer can be a homopolymer or a copolymer, it can also comprise non-fluorinated monomers such as ethylene.
- the fluoropolymer is PVDF homopolymer or copolymer containing at least 60% by weight of VF2, the comonomer optional is chosen from the fluorinated monomers mentioned above and is advantageously HFP.
- the fluoropolymer can contain plasticizers or additives, such as for example a well-known plasticizer, dibutyl sebacate.
- the fluoropolymer is advantageously a PVDF copolymer containing at least 5% by weight and preferably 5 to 20% of HFP. The advantage of this copolymer is that it is easily soluble in acetone, which makes it easier to use.
- silane there may be mentioned, by way of example, aminosilanes.
- aminosilanes those having aikoxysilane functions are preferred. Any product having an amino function and an alkoxysilane function is thus designated.
- R1 denotes an alkyl group having from 1 to 8 carbon atoms or an alkyl group having from 2 to 8 carbon atoms and containing an oxygen atom inside its chain, • n is 0 or 1,
- R2 denotes H or an alkyl group having from 1 to 8 carbon atoms
- R3 denotes alkyl having from 1 to 8 carbon atoms or an aryl or cycloalkyl group or also an arylalkyl group, • X denotes N
- R5 denotes H or an alkyl group having from 1 to 8 carbon atoms
- R4 denotes an alkyl having from 1 to 8 carbon atoms, • q is worth 0 or 1 with the condition that if q is worth 0 then p is worth 0,
- the aminosilane is chosen from aminopropyltriethoxysilane and aminopropyltrimethoxysilane.
- the proportion of silane is 5 to 15% by weight for respectively 95 to 85% of fluoropolymer.
- the preparation of the silane-modified fluoropolymer is carried out by simple mixing in a solvent, of the fluoropolymer, of silane and optionally fillers. These charges will be described later.
- the previous solution also called “slurry” is deposited on a plate and the solvent is evaporated.
- a membrane is obtained, the thickness of which can be between 20 and 500 ⁇ m.
- the porosity is provided either by the nature of the fillers or because a product has been incorporated into the slurry which, once the membrane has been formed, is removed using a specific solvent or by the combination of the two.
- a product that can generate porosity mention may be made of dibutyl phthalate, it can be extracted from the membrane by one or more washes with diethyl ether.
- the porosity can be provided by a non-solvent for the fluoropolymer.
- the fluoropolymer is dissolved in acetone, a sheet is formed by spreading this solution over a surface and then this sheet is passed through a butanol bath which is not a solvent for the fluoropolymer and finally the butanol is evaporated. .
- the porosity can be between 1 and 95%. As regards the membrane used as a separator, the porosity is between 25 and 75% and preferably between 40 and 65%. This porous membrane containing no fillers can be used as a separator. This porous membrane can also contain fillers, they are described below. Depending on the nature of the charges, the membrane is either a separator or an electrode.
- the mineral charges which can be used for the separator and those which are used for the electroactive layers.
- the mineral fillers which can be used for the separator mention may be made of silicates, silica, alumina and inorganic oxides. We prefer fe silica.
- the lithium metal oxides of the LiM x Oy type in which M is a metal are used for producing the electroactive layers of the positive electrodes.
- M is a transition metal such as Mn, Ni, or Co.
- Carbon-based products are used to make the electroactive layers of negative electrodes.
- Examples of carbon-based products that may be mentioned include graphite, carbon black aggregates, carbon fibers and active carbon. It would not go beyond the scope of the invention to use several carbon-based products for example; (i) graphite and carbon black aggregates; (ii) graphite, carbon black aggregates and carbon fibers; (iii) carbon black aggregates and carbon fibers; (iv) graphite and carbon fibers.
- the carbon-based products that can be used are described in Handbook of fillers 2 nd Edition published by Chem Tec Publishing 1999 page 62 ⁇ 2.1.22, page 92 ⁇ 2.1.33 and page 184 ⁇ 2.2.2.
- graphites with a size between 20 and 50 ⁇ m can be used.
- the carbon blacks which can be used there may be mentioned the blacks Ketjen® EC 600 JD with a specific surface 1250 m 2 / gr, Ketjen® EC 300 J.
- fillers and silane modified fluoropolymer are, by weight for the membranes used as electroactive layers, 2 to 40% of silane modified fluoropolymer for respectively 98 to 60% of fillers.
- silane modified fluoropolymer for respectively 98 to 70% of fillers.
- the proportions are from 20 to 80% of silane modified fluoropolymer for respectively 80 to 20% of fillers.
- a product can be incorporated into the membrane, which is extracted using a specific solvent once the membrane has been formed.
- the VF2-HFP # 1 copolymer is the KYNARFLEX® 2801 grade marketed by ATOFINA. It is characterized by a melt viscosity of 2500 Pa.s at 230 ° C under a shear of 100 s "1 , by a melting point of 143 ° C and by a density of 1.78. The proportion of HFP is about 11%.
- the VF2-HFP # 2 copolymer is the KYNAR® POWERFLEX LBG-1 grade marketed by ATOFINA. It is characterized by a melt viscosity of 2680 Pa.s at 230 ° C under a shear of 100 s "1 , by a melting point of 150 ° C and by a density of 1.78.
- Example 1 (comparative): Preparation of a silane-free separator.
- VF2-HFP copolymer 7.5 g of a VF2-HFP copolymer are dissolved in 62.5 ml of acetone (NORMAPUR grade from PROLABO®) with magnetic stirring at 40 ° C for 2 hours. Once the solution has returned to room temperature, 6.25 g of hydrophobic treated silica powder (grade TS-530 marketed by CABOT®) is added, then 10 g of dibutyl-phthalate (marketed by ALDRICH®, abbreviated "DBP" below). ). The solution is homogenized by magnetic stirring at room temperature for 5 minutes with vigorous stirring (2000 rpm) in a multi-blade turbine disperser of the DISPERMAT brand.
- the “slurry” obtained is spread on a thick polyethylene plate, then a film is formed using a Doctor Blade® manual doctor blade adjusted to 250 ⁇ m. The film is dried at room temperature, then is peeled off from the plate using a spatula. Finally, the DBP is extracted from the membrane by two successive washes in a diethyl ether bath.
- the membrane as well formed is composed of 54.5% by weight of VF2-HFP copolymer and 45.5% of hydrophobic treated silica. Its thickness is between 50 and 70 ⁇ m.
- Example 2 Preparation of a separator with an amino-silane.
- a VF2-HFP copolymer dissolved in 62.5 ml of acetone (NORMAPUR grade from PROLABO®) with magnetic stirring at 40 ° C for 2 hours (unless otherwise indicated).
- acetone N-methylcellulose
- hydrophobic treated silica powder grade TS-530 sold by CABOT
- the membrane formed according to Example 1 or Example 2 is porous, on the one hand because of the free volume left by the extraction of DBP and on the other hand because of the porous structure of the silica used.
- To calculate the pore volume of a membrane five 16 mm diameter discs are cut in the membrane thanks to a cookie cutter. For each of the discs, its weight and thickness are measured, then the pore volume is calculated knowing the respective ratio of each of the constituents and their density.
- a disc 16 mm in diameter is cut using a punch. This is immersed for 2 seconds in a beaker containing a mixture of three carbonate solvents, dimethyl carbonate (marketed by ALDRICH®, abbreviated “DMC” below), ethylene carbonate (marketed by ALDRICH®, abbreviated “EC” below) and diethyl carbonate (marketed by ALDRICH®, abbreviated “DEC” below) in the proportions 40/40/20 by weight.
- the temperature of the solution is increased in 5 ° C increments. The “maximum resistance temperature” of the membrane is thus noted since, from a certain temperature, it is dissolved in the mixture of carbonate solvents.
- a disc 16 mm in diameter is cut using a punch. Its mass is measured. The disc is then immersed in a DMC solution at 40 ° C for 16 hours, taken out and then dried in an oven at 80 ° C for 1 hour under vacuum. Its mass is again measured to deduce the mass extracted by the DMC.
- Example 2 In the membrane formed according to Example 1 or Example 2, a rectangle of 100 mm by 15 mm is cut using a cookie cutter. This is placed between the jaws of an INSTRON® 4301 dynamometer equipped with a cell with a force of 100 N for a voltage stress carried out at a speed of 5 mm / min. The elongation and the breaking stress are thus noted.
- Example 2 In the membrane formed according to Example 1 or Example 2, five discs of 16 mm in diameter are cut using a cookie cutter. Their thicknesses and their masses are measured. Each disc is then immersed for 16 hours in an electrolyte solution of propylene carbonate (marketed by ALDRICH®, abbreviated "PC” below) containing 1 mole of LiCl0 4 , then emerged and wiped off its excess solvent. The mass of the disc is again measured, which makes it possible to deduce the weight gain of the membrane after impregnation in the electrolyte solution. Each impregnated membrane disc is then placed between two electrodes to measure the electrical resistance, and to deduce the conductivity of the impregnated membrane therefrom.
- PC propylene carbonate
- Separators are produced with the VF2-HFP # 1 or # 2 copolymer and with different amino-silane levels according to Example 1 or Example 2.
- the pore volume, the thermo-mechanical resistance in a carbonate solution, weight loss in DMC, mechanical properties and conductivity are measured as indicated above. The results are collated in Tables 1 and 2.
- thermomechanical properties of the separator by adding an amino-silane in the “slurry” during its manufacture is further increased by 20 ° C. with better dissolution of the PVDF.
- Separators are produced with the VF2-HFP # 2 copolymer and with 10% amino-silane according to Example 2 with a dissolution of 20 minutes at 55 ° C. After adding the amino-silane, the “slurry” is either used immediately, or used after 30 minutes or after 2 hours. For each separator, the pore volume, the thermo-mechanical resistance in a carbonate solution and the weight loss in the DMC are measured as indicated above. The results are collated in Table 4.
- thermomechanical properties of the separator by adding an amino-silane in the “slurry” during its manufacture is not affected by the aging of the “slurry”.
- nm means: not measured.
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (1)
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AU2003214304A AU2003214304A1 (en) | 2002-01-16 | 2003-01-10 | Porous membrane based on a mixture of a fluoropolymer and a silane |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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FR02/00497 | 2002-01-16 | ||
FR0200497A FR2834651B1 (fr) | 2002-01-16 | 2002-01-16 | Membrane poreuse a base d'un melange d'un fluoropolymere et d'un silane |
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WO2003061050A1 true WO2003061050A1 (fr) | 2003-07-24 |
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PCT/FR2003/000071 WO2003061050A1 (fr) | 2002-01-16 | 2003-01-10 | Membrane poreuse a base d'un melange d'un fluoropolymere et d'un silane |
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AU (1) | AU2003214304A1 (fr) |
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Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN104115305A (zh) * | 2012-01-30 | 2014-10-22 | 赢创利塔里安有限责任公司 | 含有有机-无机粘附促进剂组分的隔片 |
CN104282865A (zh) * | 2014-09-03 | 2015-01-14 | 深圳中兴创新材料技术有限公司 | 一种凝胶聚合物涂层复合膜的制备方法及电池隔膜 |
WO2015136417A1 (fr) * | 2014-03-13 | 2015-09-17 | Semiconductor Energy Laboratory Co., Ltd. | Électrode, dispositif d'accumulation de courant, dispositif électronique, et procédé de fabrication d'électrode |
CN109937497A (zh) * | 2016-11-02 | 2019-06-25 | 大金工业株式会社 | 电极和电化学器件 |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN110496540A (zh) * | 2019-08-20 | 2019-11-26 | 华南师范大学 | 一种有机染料去除功能的抗污染平板膜及其制备方法 |
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- 2002-01-16 FR FR0200497A patent/FR2834651B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
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- 2003-01-10 AU AU2003214304A patent/AU2003214304A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2003-01-10 WO PCT/FR2003/000071 patent/WO2003061050A1/fr not_active Application Discontinuation
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Cited By (12)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN104115305A (zh) * | 2012-01-30 | 2014-10-22 | 赢创利塔里安有限责任公司 | 含有有机-无机粘附促进剂组分的隔片 |
US20150017512A1 (en) * | 2012-01-30 | 2015-01-15 | Evonik Litarion Gmbh | Separator comprising an organic-inorganic adhesion promoter |
US9680141B2 (en) * | 2012-01-30 | 2017-06-13 | Litarion GmbH | Separator comprising an organic-inorganic adhesion promoter |
WO2015136417A1 (fr) * | 2014-03-13 | 2015-09-17 | Semiconductor Energy Laboratory Co., Ltd. | Électrode, dispositif d'accumulation de courant, dispositif électronique, et procédé de fabrication d'électrode |
US10354810B2 (en) | 2014-03-13 | 2019-07-16 | Semiconductor Energy Laboratory Co., Ltd. | Electrode, power storage device, electronic device, and method for fabricating electrode |
CN104282865A (zh) * | 2014-09-03 | 2015-01-14 | 深圳中兴创新材料技术有限公司 | 一种凝胶聚合物涂层复合膜的制备方法及电池隔膜 |
CN109937497A (zh) * | 2016-11-02 | 2019-06-25 | 大金工业株式会社 | 电极和电化学器件 |
EP3537515A4 (fr) * | 2016-11-02 | 2020-08-12 | Daikin Industries, Ltd. | Électrode, et dispositif électrochimique |
US11258067B2 (en) | 2016-11-02 | 2022-02-22 | Daikin Industries, Ltd. | Electrode and electrochemical device |
CN109937497B (zh) * | 2016-11-02 | 2022-11-29 | 大金工业株式会社 | 电极和电化学器件 |
US11715831B2 (en) | 2016-11-02 | 2023-08-01 | Daikin Industries, Ltd. | Electrode and electrochemical device |
EP3537515B1 (fr) * | 2016-11-02 | 2025-03-26 | Daikin Industries, Ltd. | Électrode, et dispositif électrochimique |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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AU2003214304A1 (en) | 2003-07-30 |
FR2834651B1 (fr) | 2004-02-20 |
FR2834651A1 (fr) | 2003-07-18 |
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