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WO2003054363A1 - Procede et dispositif de refroidissement d'un systeme catalyseur - Google Patents

Procede et dispositif de refroidissement d'un systeme catalyseur Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2003054363A1
WO2003054363A1 PCT/EP2002/012412 EP0212412W WO03054363A1 WO 2003054363 A1 WO2003054363 A1 WO 2003054363A1 EP 0212412 W EP0212412 W EP 0212412W WO 03054363 A1 WO03054363 A1 WO 03054363A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
exhaust gas
cooling
cooling capacity
internal combustion
combustion engine
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2002/012412
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Ekkehard Pott
Michael Zillmer
Original Assignee
Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft filed Critical Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft
Priority to DE50205720T priority Critical patent/DE50205720D1/de
Priority to EP02787586A priority patent/EP1458959B1/fr
Publication of WO2003054363A1 publication Critical patent/WO2003054363A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
    • F01N3/0205—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust using heat exchangers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
    • F01N3/05—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of air, e.g. by mixing exhaust with air
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/0807—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents
    • F01N3/0814—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents combined with catalytic converters, e.g. NOx absorption/storage reduction catalysts
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/0807—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents
    • F01N3/0828—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents characterised by the absorbed or adsorbed substances
    • F01N3/0842—Nitrogen oxides
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2240/00—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being
    • F01N2240/02—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being a heat exchanger

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method for cooling a catalyst device according to the preamble of claim 1 and an exhaust system and a motor vehicle for performing this method.
  • Catalytic converter devices usually have only a relatively limited optimal thermal working range to ensure proper exhaust gas purification, which for NO x storage catalytic converters is, for example, between approximately 220 ° C. and 550 ° C. Below this range, they are not yet sufficiently catalytically active to be fully functional and to store the undesired pollutants contained in the exhaust gas as desired and / or to convert them into harmless substances. If higher catalyst temperatures occur, lean gasoline engines must be operated stoichiometrically at the corresponding higher exhaust gas temperatures, although the combustion process would still allow a more economical lean operation associated with low fuel consumption. In addition, as catalyst temperatures continue to rise, thermal aging sets in, which can lead to severe deactivation of the catalyst device or even to catalyst destruction due to overheating.
  • the control in particular the lowering or at least limitation, of the exhaust gas temperature by engine measures and / or a targeted one is for the proper operation of exhaust gas catalysts and for a consumption-optimized operating mode of the associated internal combustion engine Exhaust gas cooling of particular importance.
  • both active and passive exhaust gas coolers are used for exhaust gas or catalyst cooling, which are connected upstream of the catalyst device to be cooled.
  • the exhaust gas cooler is usually arranged downstream of the pre-catalyst device in order to be able to use it with temperature-increasing measures with a correspondingly higher temperature level for better exothermic conversion of exhaust gas pollutants.
  • Active or switchable exhaust gas coolers have a cooling capacity that can be regulated as required within a wide range of cooling capacities that can be specified by design.
  • Such a large cooling capacity range can be achieved, for example, by using an exhaust gas cooler with a powerful exhaust gas heat exchanger for the actual exhaust gas cooling and an associated bypass line, in which, depending on the cooling requirement, any proportion of an incoming exhaust gas mass flow by means of a suitable exhaust gas control device, e.g. an exhaust gas flap device for cooling as required through the exhaust gas heat exchanger or through the bypass line almost uncooled past it.
  • a suitable exhaust gas control device e.g. an exhaust gas flap device for cooling as required through the exhaust gas heat exchanger or through the bypass line almost uncooled past it.
  • suitable cooling air guiding devices such as e.g. controllable air or louvre flaps and / or cooling air channels
  • controllable exhaust gas coolers can optionally also comprise a combination of different cooling mechanisms or cooling devices, the use of special cooling media also being conceivable for better heat dissipation to the environment.
  • Active exhaust gas coolers are often designed to be technically complex due to their control and regulating devices for setting the cooling output as required. Due to the desired high maximum cooling capacities, they are also of a correspondingly large size, so that they have a large space requirement and practical use is associated with a correspondingly high cost. Despite these disadvantages, they are used due to their high cooling capacities which can be reduced as required, in particular in conjunction with NO x storage catalytic converter systems, in order to keep them in the widest possible operating ranges in a working temperature range required for proper exhaust gas purification.
  • Passive, non-switchable exhaust gas coolers with their non-controllable (but dependent on the vehicle, engine and exhaust system operating state) cooling capacity are usually not only technically much simpler but also noticeably more compact than active exhaust gas coolers, so that they require a significantly lower cost compared to them and need noticeably less space for installation.
  • these major practical advantages are offset by the not inconsiderable disadvantage that their cooling capacity can in practice only be selected as a compromise between conflicting technical requirements.
  • their cooling capacity which cannot be actively reduced, they may only be designed to be significantly weaker than active exhaust gas coolers, so as not to reduce the effectiveness of catalytic converter temperature-increasing measures in light-off and de-sulfation by excessive exhaust gas cooling.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide an improved cooling method for a catalyst device by means of an upstream exhaust gas cooler, which on the one hand is as cost-effective and space-saving as possible, but on the other hand not only offers sufficiently high protection against impermissibly high catalyst temperatures but also a high effectiveness of measures which increase the catalyst temperature enables and thereby combines the advantages of passive or active exhaust gas cooling as well as possible.
  • the method sought is intended in particular to be suitable for cooling a NO x storage catalytic converter connected downstream of a Dl gasoline engine which is capable of shift operation and / or is lean-running, in order to ensure that the Dl gasoline engine is always sufficient to be able to operate high catalyst cooling in wide operating areas in an economical, lean operation.
  • the task also consists in creating an exhaust system and a motor vehicle for carrying out this method.
  • the exhaust gas cooling device here comprises a passive exhaust gas cooler and an upstream and / or downstream exhaust line. It encompasses all gas-carrying exhaust gas ducts of the exhaust system or exhaust system involved in the heat exchange.
  • the exhaust gas cooling device thus includes, for example, the entire exhaust gas path between the preliminary and main catalytic converter devices.
  • the exhaust gas cooler is selected so that its cooling capacity PKWT100 in kW in conjunction with an upstream exhaust line connecting the exhaust gas cooler with a pre-catalytic converter during stationary vehicle operation in the plane with a constant driving speed of 100 km / h in the warm operating state of the internal combustion engine at an ambient temperature of 20 ° C, a relative humidity of 20 ... 80% and a wind speed of less than 3 m / s according to
  • PKWT100 f • PBFZG100 • (1.6 / VH) n is correlated with the demand power PBFZG100 of the motor vehicle in kW given the operating conditions and the displacement VH in liters.
  • the cooling power PKWT100 of the associated exhaust gas cooler is therefore proportional to the demand power PBFZG100 of the motor vehicle for overcoming the driving resistance in the plane by a factor of f.
  • the cooling capacity of the exhaust gas cooler or the exhaust gas cooling device is preferably limited by a minimum value and a maximum value so that on the one hand there is always a sufficiently high cooling capacity to avoid impermissibly high catalyst temperatures and on the other hand the effectiveness of measures to increase the catalyst temperature due to excessive heat dissipation is not too great to reduce.
  • the minimum and maximum value as the lower or upper limit for the cooling capacity is selected in such a way that an incoming exhaust gas mass flow through the exhaust gas cooling device under the specified operating conditions by at least 75 K or by a temperature value corresponding to a cooling capacity of 2.5 kW or by 250 K or can be cooled or cooled by a temperature value corresponding to a cooling capacity of 8.5 kW.
  • the method according to the invention is preferably used for cooling a NO x storage catalytic converter connected downstream of a stratified and / or lean running internal combustion engine, in order to be able to operate it in a lean mode in a manner that is optimized for consumption in wide operating ranges by correspondingly lowering the catalytic converter temperature.
  • An exhaust system for carrying out this method comprises a catalytic converter and an upstream passive exhaust gas cooling device with a cooling capacity which cannot be influenced by the vehicle, engine and exhaust system operating state and which has the required power of the associated motor vehicle to overcome the driving resistance in the plane in a stationary vehicle mode and the displacement of the internal combustion engine of this motor vehicle is correlated.
  • the exhaust gas cooling device here comprises a passive exhaust gas cooler and an upstream and / or downstream exhaust line. It encompasses all gas-carrying exhaust gas ducts of the exhaust system or exhaust system involved in the heat exchange. In the case of the NO x storage catalytic converter system described here, it thus includes, for example, the entire exhaust gas path between the upstream and the main catalytic converter device.
  • the cooling capacity PKWT100 of the exhaust gas cooling device in kW with stationary vehicle operation in the plane with a constant driving speed of 100 km / h in the warm operating state of the internal combustion engine at an ambient temperature of 20 ° C, a relative humidity of 20 ... 80% and a wind speed of less than 3 m / s is according to
  • PKWT100 f »PBFZG100» (1.6 / VH) "with the demand power PBFZG100 of the motor vehicle given in kW to overcome the driving resistance in the plane under the specified operating conditions and the displacement VH of the internal combustion engine in liters, where n is a parameter between 0 , 3 and 0.8, but in particular between 0.35 and 0.55, while f is a parameter between 0.30 and 0.55, but in particular between 0.32 and 0.38.
  • the cooling capacity of the exhaust gas cooling device is preferably within a performance range limited by a minimum value and a maximum value, the minimum value being 2.5 kW under the above-mentioned operating conditions or corresponding to a cooling capacity at which an incoming exhaust gas mass flow can be cooled or cooled by 75 K while the Maximum value in the above-mentioned operating conditions is 8.5 kW or corresponds to a cooling capacity at which an incoming exhaust gas mass flow can be cooled down or cooled down by 250 K.
  • the catalyst device preferably comprises a NO x storage catalytic converter connected downstream of the exhaust gas cooling device.
  • a motor vehicle for carrying out the method according to the invention comprises an internal combustion engine, in particular a Dl gasoline engine which is capable of shift operation and / or lean-burn operation, and a downstream exhaust gas system of the type described.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic representation of a motor vehicle with an exhaust system according to the invention.
  • the motor vehicle 10 shown in FIG. 1 comprises a conventional shift petrol engine 12 with a displacement of 1.6 l and an engine output of 81 kW.
  • the demand power PBFZG100 of this motor vehicle 10 for overcoming the driving resistance in the plane is when driving at a constant speed of about 100 km / h in homogeneously lean operation in the warm operating state of the DI gasoline engine 12 at an ambient temperature of 20 ° C., a relative humidity from 20 - 80% and a wind speed of less than 3 m / s about 13.4 kW.
  • the DI gasoline engine 12 is followed by an exhaust system 14-20 designed according to the invention for catalytic exhaust gas aftertreatment of the exhaust gases emitted by it.
  • the exhaust system 14 - 20 comprises an exhaust line 14 with a conventional catalytic converter 16, 18, which consists of a small-volume pre-catalytic converter 16 and a downstream NO x storage catalytic converter 18 serving as the main catalytic converter.
  • a passive exhaust gas cooling device 14, 20 which cannot be influenced in terms of its vehicle, engine and exhaust system operating state, for further cooling of the incoming exhaust gas mass flow, which includes a passive exhaust gas cooler 20 and the exhaust line 14.
  • Their cooling capacity is about 4.7 kW at a driving speed of about 100 km / h in the plane.
  • the exhaust gas temperature at a driving speed of approximately 100 km / h in the plane behind the pre-catalytic converter 16 is approximately 600 ° C. with an exhaust gas mass flow of approximately 105 kg / h.
  • the exhaust gas cooling device 14, 20 cools the exhaust gas before it enters the NO x storage catalytic converter 18 to a temperature of approximately 460 ° C., so that a desired catalytic converter temperature, ie the temperature in the middle of the NO x storage catalytic converter 18, decreases from is less than about 480 ° C.
  • the DI gasoline engine 12 can be operated lean, which is associated with a clear consumption advantage over a motor vehicle with an uncooled NO x storage catalytic converter.
  • the catalyst temperature is increased to a value of about 650 ° C., for example by a late ignition, in order to release the stored sulfur under rich operating conditions in homogeneous operation.
  • This desulphation temperature is under the specified operating conditions at a Exhaust gas temperature before the pre-catalyst 16 of about 920 ° C reached.
  • the temperature behind the pre-catalyst 16 is approximately 950 ° C.
  • an exhaust gas cooling device 14, 20 with a noticeably lower cooling capacity were used, then the high catalyst temperatures that would result in no consumption-saving lean operation would be possible in wide operating ranges. If, for example, the exhaust gas cooler 20 were dimensioned weaker by approximately 1 kW than in the present exemplary embodiment, a significantly higher exhaust gas temperature would set in front of the NO x storage catalytic converter than approximately 500 ° C., which would at least be at the upper temperature limit to ensure proper NO x storage operation would and would be quickly exceeded at higher loads in dynamic driving.
  • PKWT100 f • PBFZG100 • (1.6 / VH) ⁇ correlates with the driving resistance PBFZG100 and the displacement VH.
  • a cooling capacity of 3.8-7.7 kW results.
  • the cooling output is 4.7 kW.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé de refroidissement d'un système catalyseur (18) dans un ensemble pour gaz d'échappement (14 20) d'un moteur à combustion interne (12) d'un véhicule (10), par connexion d'un dispositif de refroidissement de gaz d'échappement passif (14, 20) en amont duquel une puissance de refroidissement qui est fonction des états de fonctionnement du véhicule, du moteur et du système de gaz d'échappement, ne peut être influencée. Le dispositif de refroidissement des gaz d'échappement comprend un refroidisseur de gaz (20) et une section de gaz d'échappement (14) qui est connectée en amont et/ou en aval, et dont la puissance de refroidissement est en corrélation avec la puissance requise du véhicule (10), en vue de surmonter la résistance en palier, et avec la cylindrée du moteur à combustion interne (12). Le procédé selon l'invention est particulièrement approprié pour le refroidissement d'un convertisseur catalytique du type à accumulation NOx (18), connecté en aval d'un moteur à allumage commandé ID pouvant fonctionner par intervalles et/ou à faible régime, du fait que le moteur à allumage commandé ID (12) est en mesure, dans le cas d'un abaissement correspondant de la température du convertisseur catalytique dans une vaste plage de fonctionnement, de fonctionner en mode économique, à faible régime, avec optimisation de la consommation. L'invention concerne également un ensemble pour gaz d'échappement (14 20) et un véhicule (10) pour la mise en oeuvre de ce procédé.
PCT/EP2002/012412 2001-12-13 2002-11-07 Procede et dispositif de refroidissement d'un systeme catalyseur WO2003054363A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE50205720T DE50205720D1 (de) 2001-12-13 2002-11-07 Verfahren zur auslegung einer abgaskühleinrichtung
EP02787586A EP1458959B1 (fr) 2001-12-13 2002-11-07 Procede pour la conception d'un systeme de refroidissement de gaz d'echappement

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE2001161398 DE10161398A1 (de) 2001-12-13 2001-12-13 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Kühlen einer Katalysatoreinrichtung
DE10161398.9 2001-12-13

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2003054363A1 true WO2003054363A1 (fr) 2003-07-03

Family

ID=7709157

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/EP2002/012412 WO2003054363A1 (fr) 2001-12-13 2002-11-07 Procede et dispositif de refroidissement d'un systeme catalyseur

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP1458959B1 (fr)
DE (2) DE10161398A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2003054363A1 (fr)

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5979159A (en) * 1998-03-16 1999-11-09 Ford Global Technologies, Inc. Exhaust after-treatment system for automotive vehicle
EP1031708A1 (fr) * 1999-02-25 2000-08-30 HEINRICH GILLET GMBH & CO. KG Module pour système d'échappement
DE19927246A1 (de) * 1999-06-15 2000-12-28 Emitec Emissionstechnologie Abgassystem für eine Verbrennungskraftmaschine eines Kraftfahrzeuges
US20020000089A1 (en) * 1998-11-20 2002-01-03 Staffan Lundgren Heat exhanger for SOx or NOx regeneration of catalyst
DE10048580A1 (de) * 2000-09-30 2002-04-11 Volkswagen Ag Abgasanlage einer Brennkraftmaschine mit Katalysator

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE19522274A1 (de) * 1995-06-20 1997-01-02 Hermann Von Westernhagen Auspuffanlage mit Kühltopf und antilaminarer Wendelableitung "AKLA"
DE19742762C1 (de) * 1997-09-27 1998-12-10 Ford Global Tech Inc Abgasanlage für einen Verbrennungsmotor
DE19746658A1 (de) * 1997-10-22 1999-04-29 Emitec Emissionstechnologie Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Regelung des Temperaturbereiches eines NOx-Speichers in einer Abgasanlage eines Verbrennungsmotors
DE10043621A1 (de) * 2000-09-05 2002-03-14 Daimler Chrysler Ag Abgasreinigungsanlage einer Brennkraftmaschine mit einer Kühleinheit
DE10140502A1 (de) * 2000-09-15 2002-06-20 Audi Ag Abgasanlage für Brennkraftmaschinen

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5979159A (en) * 1998-03-16 1999-11-09 Ford Global Technologies, Inc. Exhaust after-treatment system for automotive vehicle
US20020000089A1 (en) * 1998-11-20 2002-01-03 Staffan Lundgren Heat exhanger for SOx or NOx regeneration of catalyst
EP1031708A1 (fr) * 1999-02-25 2000-08-30 HEINRICH GILLET GMBH & CO. KG Module pour système d'échappement
DE19927246A1 (de) * 1999-06-15 2000-12-28 Emitec Emissionstechnologie Abgassystem für eine Verbrennungskraftmaschine eines Kraftfahrzeuges
DE10048580A1 (de) * 2000-09-30 2002-04-11 Volkswagen Ag Abgasanlage einer Brennkraftmaschine mit Katalysator

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE50205720D1 (de) 2006-04-13
EP1458959A1 (fr) 2004-09-22
EP1458959B1 (fr) 2006-01-25
DE10161398A1 (de) 2003-06-18

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