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WO2003051653A1 - Systeme de surveillance des parametres caracteristiques d'un pneu - Google Patents

Systeme de surveillance des parametres caracteristiques d'un pneu Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2003051653A1
WO2003051653A1 PCT/IB2001/002575 IB0102575W WO03051653A1 WO 2003051653 A1 WO2003051653 A1 WO 2003051653A1 IB 0102575 W IB0102575 W IB 0102575W WO 03051653 A1 WO03051653 A1 WO 03051653A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
tyre
movable unit
characteristic parameters
unit
substrate
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/IB2001/002575
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Renato Caretta
Fabio Romeo
Marco CANTÙ
Original Assignee
Pirelli Pneumatici S.P.A.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Pirelli Pneumatici S.P.A. filed Critical Pirelli Pneumatici S.P.A.
Priority to AU2002217363A priority Critical patent/AU2002217363A1/en
Priority to PCT/IB2001/002575 priority patent/WO2003051653A1/fr
Publication of WO2003051653A1 publication Critical patent/WO2003051653A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60C—VEHICLE TYRES; TYRE INFLATION; TYRE CHANGING; CONNECTING VALVES TO INFLATABLE ELASTIC BODIES IN GENERAL; DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS RELATED TO TYRES
    • B60C23/00—Devices for measuring, signalling, controlling, or distributing tyre pressure or temperature, specially adapted for mounting on vehicles; Arrangement of tyre inflating devices on vehicles, e.g. of pumps or of tanks; Tyre cooling arrangements
    • B60C23/02—Signalling devices actuated by tyre pressure
    • B60C23/04—Signalling devices actuated by tyre pressure mounted on the wheel or tyre
    • B60C23/0408—Signalling devices actuated by tyre pressure mounted on the wheel or tyre transmitting the signals by non-mechanical means from the wheel or tyre to a vehicle body mounted receiver

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a system for monitorihg characteristic parameters of a tyre fitted to a vehicle.
  • the present invention relates to the possibility of detecting characteristic parameters, such as for example pressure and temperature, inside a tyre using a sensor placed inside the tyre itself.
  • a wheel is the connection between the vehicle and the road; it performs the function of providing pneumatic suspension for the vehicle and its load and providing, through the tyre, satisfactory behaviour on the road.
  • the volume of compressed air contained inside the wheel provides the suspension of the vehicle.
  • a tyre comprises an internally hollow toroidal structure formed by a plurality of components, in the first place a textile or metallic carcass ply, the edges of which are attached to at least one pair of annular reinforcing cores known as bead wires, which are circumferentially inextensible and are inserted in two beads each defined along an internal circumferential edge of the carcass in order to anchor the tyre to the corresponding supporting rim.
  • the carcass ply includes a supporting structure that runs axially from one bead to the other to form a toroidal structure comprising a plurality of textile or metallic cords embedded in a layer of elastomeric material.
  • these cords essentially lie in planes containing the axis of rotation of the tyre.
  • Forming a ring around this carcass are an annulus superstructure known as the belt structure, normally made up of one or more strips of rubberized fabric wound on top of each other to create a so-called "belt pack” , and a tread band of elastomeric material wrapped around the belt pack and moulded with a relief design for rolling contact of the tyre with the road.
  • the carcass also has, on axially opposite sides, two side walls of elastomeric material, each extending radially away from the outer edge of its particular bead.
  • the inside surface of the carcass is normally covered with a so-called “liner”, which is one or more layers of elastomeric material impermeable to air.
  • the carcass can also include other known components, i.e. edges, shims and fillers depending on the particular design of tyre.
  • a pneumatic vehicle wheel comprises a tyre defining a toroidal cavity and mounted on a corresponding rim, which has a bottom surface provided with a central well and two bead seats against which the tyre beads come into abutment and which are each axially defined between an extreme radial surface (shoulder) in an axially external position and an opposing, axially internal, annular projection which locks the bead on the corresponding seat .
  • a "tubeless" tyre the compressed air is contained between the tyre and the supporting rim.
  • the liner on the inside surface of the tyre keeps the air at pressure inside the tyre.
  • This tyre is inflated through an inflation valve which is usually positioned on the drop centre of said rim.
  • a tyre of this type is described for example in Patent Application EP928680.
  • Another way of maintaining the suspension capacity of the tyre is to use an inner tube inserted between the tyre and the rim and inflated with compressed air which is injected into the tube through an inflation valve projecting out through the wheel.
  • the inner tube inserted between the tyre and rim, comprises a tubular body expandable to give toric shape. It is generally made of elastomeric material and inflates through an inflation valve.
  • the inflation valve of the inner tube usually includes a base for attachment to the inner tube and a cylindrical envelope (shank) fixed to the base and containing the mechanism that has to be activated for inflation and deflation operations.
  • Patent US 55,40,092 discloses a system for monitoring the pressure in a tyre comprising a pressure detecting unit and a unit for transmitting an encoded signal to the vehicle on which the tyre is fitted.
  • the transmitting unit may be mounted inside or outside of the tyre.
  • the transfer of this coded signal takes place by inductive coupling between the transmission unit and a fixed antenna.
  • a battery powers this transmission unit.
  • Patent US 5,900,808 describes a system for detecting low pressure in a tyre comprising battery-powered low- pressure sensor means and a radiofrequency transmitter to transmit the signal generated by the sensor means to a receiver.
  • the system also includes switching means for enabling the power supply to the transmitter when the sensor means report a low-pressure condition in the tyre. Battery life is extended because the transmitter is only powered when a signal is to be transmitted to the receiver.
  • Patent US 5,562,787 discloses a method for monitoring the conditions of a vehicle tyre, e.g. the pressure and temperature of the air in the tyre.
  • the method uses a programmable self-powered device mounted on the inside surface of the tyre or inserted in the wall of the rim on which said tyre is mounted.
  • the device comprises a power source that can be made active or inactive using a switching device, a sensor for monitoring said information, an integrated circuit, an amplifier and an antenna.
  • a transmitter-receiver located on the vehicle or in a remote position interrogates the programmable self-powered device, which answers with a radiofrequency signal containing the required information.
  • the programmable self-powered device is activated by said remote transmitter/receiver which instructs the switching device to make the power source active.
  • Patent US 6,217,683 discloses a tyre monitoring device in which a module for monitoring information about the state of the tyre is inserted in the tyre itself and attached to the inside surface of the tyre by a fixing mechanism.
  • This fixing mechanism comprises a fixed part attached to the surface of the tyre carcass, and another part attached to said module. Said first and second parts together keep said module in contact with the inside surface of the tyre carcass.
  • One application of the monitoring system is to measure the tyre pressure.
  • Patent application EP 1,026,015 discloses a method and apparatus for monitoring the pressure of a tyre that comprises a first coil for sending a low-frequency signal to a second coil, which activates a sensor associated with said tyre. Said sensor is connected to the shank of the tyre inflation valve and measures the tyre inflation pressure.
  • sensors for measuring characteristic parameters of tyres are inserted inside the tyres and attached to them by appropriate means.
  • the shank of the inflation valve is used to attach a pressure measuring sensor.
  • the sensor is attached to the inside surface of the tyre.
  • the Applicant has observed that in order to measure said characteristic parameters of the tyre it is necessary to produce a special tyre in which a sensor is built into said tyre, in some of its parts.
  • the tyre must be produced and packaged with special features in order to be fitted with said sensors, while in other cases the sensor may be connected to a generic tyre using a system for fixing the sensor to the tyre itself or to the corresponding fitting rim.
  • the Applicant has addressed the problem of detecting characteristic parameters of a conventional tyre without having to resort to modifying the structure of the tyre itself, or the corresponding fitting rim or accessories such as the tyre inflation valve.
  • the Application has found it possible to measure characteristic parameters of a generic tyre by placing a movable unit, comprising a sensor for detecting these parameters, in the cavity defined between the tyre and the fitting rim, without having to attach this sensor unit to the inside surface of the tyre, to fitting rim or to any other accessories of said rim (inflation valve, balancing weights, etc.).
  • the sensor is advantageously electrically inert and is powered from outside of the tyre by, for example, electromagnetic waves.
  • electromagnetic waves When in motion, that is when the tyre is rolling, the sensor will be in contact with the inside surface of the tyre due to centrifugal force. In this position it can easily be powered by electromagnetic waves from a fixed unit combined with the vehicle, preferably located in the vicinity of said tyre.
  • This movable unit is of small dimensions and limited weight, and therefore does not substantially influence the behaviour of the tyre when the vehicle is in motion.
  • a first aspect of the present invention relates to a system for detecting characteristic parameters of a tyre fitted to a vehicle, comprising
  • said movable unit comprising a device for receiving from said fixed unit, a device for transmitting to said fixed unit and a device for detecting said characteristic parameters
  • said fixed unit comprising a device for transmitting to said movable unit and a device for receiving from said movable unit, characterized in that said movable unit, which can be placed in a cavity defined between said tyre and a corresponding fitting rim, is free to move inside said cavity.
  • said movable unit comprises a substrate on which are arranged said device for receiving from said fixed unit, said device for transmitting to said fixed unit and said device for detecting said characteristic parameters .
  • said substrate is of parallelepiped shape.
  • the device for measuring characteristic parameters comprises a pressure sensor.
  • the device for measuring characteristic parameters comprises a temperature sensor.
  • At least one protective means covering those areas of said substrate where said transmitter and receiver devices are arranged.
  • a movable unit for detecting characteristic parameters of a tyre fitted to a vehicle comprising a device for transmitting to a fixed unit combined with said vehicle and a device for detecting said characteristic parameters , characterized in that said movable unit, which can be placed in a cavity defined between said tyre and a corresponding fitting rim, is free to move inside said cavity.
  • Said movable unit comprises a substrate on which are arranged a device for receiving from said fixed unit, said device for transmitting to said fixed unit and said device for measuring said characteristic parameters .
  • said substrate is of parallelepiped shape.
  • said device for measuring characteristic parameters comprises a pressure sensor.
  • said device for measuring characteristic parameters comprises a temperature sensor.
  • said transmitter, receiver and measuring devices are arranged on one of the faces of greater surface area of said substrate.
  • At least one protective means covering those areas of said substrate where said transmitter and receiver devices are arranged.
  • Another aspect of the present invention relates to a vehicle wheel comprising
  • a movable unit combined with said tyre comprising a device for transmitting to the fixed unit combined with said vehicle and a device for measuring characteristic parameters of the tyre, characterized in that said movable unit, which can be placed in a cavity defined between said tyre and said fitting rim, is free to move inside said cavity.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates a cross section through a tyre fitted on its supporting rim in which a movable unit is placed
  • FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing a fixed unit for said detecting system according to the invention combined with a vehicle;
  • FIG. 3 is a block diagram showing said movable unit of said detecting system according to the invention combined with a tyre;
  • FIG. 4a is a side view of said movable unit.
  • FIG. 4b is a plan view of said movable unit.
  • Figure 1 shows by way of example a wheel 1 comprising a tyre 11, of the type conventionally known as "tubeless”, that is having no inner tube, and a supporting rim 12.
  • This tyre is inflated through an inflation valve 13 which by way of example is positioned, in a manner known per se, on the drop centre of said rim.
  • the tyre consists of an internally hollow toroidal structure formed by a plurality of components - in the first place by a textile or metallic carcass having two beads 14 and 14' each defined along an internal circumferential edge of the carcass in order to hold the tyre on its supporting rim 12.
  • Said carcass comprises at least one pair of annular reinforcing cores 15 and 15' known as bead wires, which are circumferentially inextensible and are inserted in said beads (usually at least one bead wire per bead) .
  • the carcass includes a supporting structure made up of a reinforcing ply 16 containing textile or metallic cords. This ply is laid axially from one bead to the other to give a toroidal profile, and its edges are each connected to a corresponding bead wire.
  • the above cords lie more or less in planes containing the axis of rotation of the tyre.
  • annular structure 17 known as the belt structure, which is normally composed of one or more strips of rubberized fabric wound on top of each other to define a so-called “belt pack", and a tread band 18 of elastomeric material which is wrapped around the belt pack and moulded with a relief design for rolling contact of the tyre with the road.
  • Two elastomeric sidewalls 19 and 19' are also placed on the carcass, in axially opposite lateral positions, each extending radially outwards from the outer edge of the corresponding bead.
  • the inside surface of the carcass is normally covered with a liner 111, that is one or more layers of elastomeric material impermeable to air.
  • the carcass may include other known elements, that is edges, shims and fillers depending on the particular design of the tyre.
  • these components determine the mechanical characteristics of elasticity, stiffness and resistance to deformation of the tyre. It is these characteristics which provide the connection between the system of forces applied to the tyre and the magnitude of the corresponding deformations it undergoes.
  • the term "elastomeric material” here means the rubber compound in its entirety, i.e. the system formed by at least one polymer base appropriately amalgamated with reinforcing fillers and/or process additives of various types.
  • the system for monitoring characteristic parameters of a tyre fitted to a vehicle comprises a fixed unit 2, which is preferably located on said vehicle, and a movable unit 3 combined with said tyre.
  • Figure 2 shows a block diagram of said fixed unit comprising preferably a device for transmitting to said movable unit and a device for receiving from said movable unit.
  • the transmitter device preferably comprises an oscillator circuit 23 that drives a control circuit 24 for a first antenna 25, hereinafter referred to as the fixed antenna.
  • the receiver device comprises a radiofequency receiver 26 connected to said antenna and preferably also an electrical demodulator device 27.
  • the electrical power necessary to drive said fixed unit can preferably be supplied directly by the battery of the vehicle through a suitable control circuit (not shown) .
  • said fixed unit advantageously communicates with suitable display devices within the vehicle for displaying said parameters as they are detected.
  • the inflation pressure may advantageously be displayed on the dashboard of the vehicle on a dedicated display.
  • Said movable unit 30, illustrated in Figure 3 comprises a device for receiving from said fixed unit, a device for transmitting to said fixed unit and a device for detecting characteristic parameters of a tyre.
  • the device for receiving from said fixed unit preferably comprises a second antenna 31, hereinafter referred to as the movable antenna, which is connected to an electrical energy storage circuit 32.
  • the sensor device includes at least one controlling or encoding/decoding circuit for at least one sensor for measuring characteristic parameters of the tyre.
  • the example in Figure 3 shows two control circuits 33 and 35 for two sensors 16 and 18, the first sensor 16 measuring the tyre inflation pressure and the second sensor 18 measuring the temperature inside the tyre.
  • the control circuits are preferably powered by said electrical energy storage circuit 32.
  • These sensors may measure an absolute value of pressure or temperature, or may be threshold sensors, that is, given a predetermined pressure and/or temperature value, they report any deviation from this threshold value .
  • the device for transmitting to said fixed unit comprises a read circuit 37 connected to said movable antenna 31 to receive from said at least one control device signals associated with said sensors.
  • said movable unit is preferably produced on a substrate 331 on which the electrical connections and electrical components are formed for the aforementioned receiver and transmitter devices, for said movable antenna and for the sensors . These sensors are preferably in turn mounted on or integrated in this substrate. Also, all the devices may be produced by integrated technology on the substrate.
  • the substrate is preferably of parallelepiped shape having length a, width b and thickness or height h in Figures 4a and 4b.
  • FIG. 4 illustrates the (non-exclusive) case in which both the sensors are positioned on the same side, conventionally denoted the upper side of the movable unit from the orientation assumed in Fig. 1.
  • Mounted on the upper surface of the substrate are the sensors 16 and 18, and these are preferably positioned centrally.
  • the substrate is virtually completely embedded in a protective material, which is absent only from the sensitive areas of the sensors which must be in communication with the volume in which said characteristic parameters are being measured.
  • a suitable protective material must be of limited weight, must be a good electrical insulator, must be insensitive to the electromagnetic radiation, and must have an elastic response to stresses.
  • a material that meets these requirements is for example an elastomeric material or a plastic material.
  • Figures 4a and 4b illustrate a first pair of protective components 332 and 333 whose length is preferably equal to the length of the substrate and a second pair of protective components 334 and 335 introduced from opposite sides between said first pair of protective components.
  • the entire upper surface of the substrate is covered by at least one protective component except for a central portion 336 containing said sensors 16 and 18.
  • the elastomeric or plastic material has the role of mechanical protection and must be electromagnetically inert so as to present no obstruction either to the process of transceiving information or to the process of receiving electrical energy.
  • the material being electrically insulating, also acts as electrical protection for the circuits present on the substrate.
  • the protective material prevents the possibility of short circuits between the individual components located on the faces of the device .
  • Said movable unit is placed in the cavity defined between the tyre and the fitting rim without being attached either to said tyre or said rim, or indeed to any of the accessories of the tyre or rim.
  • the movable unit drops by gravity onto the inside surface of the tyre over the footprint.
  • centrifugal force means that as soon as the speed of rotation is sufficient to generate a centrifugal force greater than the force of gravity, the movable unit moves into contact with the inside surface of the tyre independently of the angle of rotation of the tyre.
  • the movable unit is of limited dimensions and weight: the movable unit preferably weighs less than 10 grams and occupies a volume of 2 cm 3 maximum. In these conditions the movable unit does not influence the balance of the rotating tyre.
  • other protective components may be fitted to the movable unit, e.g. on the lower surface of the substrate or on the lateral surfaces . The purpose of such protective components is to protect the movable station against shocks as the tyre rolls, for example shocks caused by the tyre itself striking against obstacles such as jolts, artificial humps, etc.
  • the fixed antenna 25 and the movable antenna 31 preferably both comprise an inductive circuit, and the signal exchanged between the two antennas is an electromagnetic signal.
  • the fixed antenna 25 comprises a fixed coil powered by a radiofrequency alternating current generated by the control circuit 24, and the movable antenna 31 comprises a movable coil integral with the substrate 331.
  • the movable unit As the pneumatic wheel rotates, the movable unit remains in contact with the inside surface of the tyre because of centrifugal force. Therefore, for a predetermined interval of time the movable coil is in a position where it can intercept the magnetic field generated by the abovementioned fixed coil of the fixed unit, which is preferably in a predetermined position on the vehicle a short distance from the tyre; for example, said predetermined position may be the wheel arch of the vehicle. From this position the fixed unit will be a short distance from said movable unit at least once in every rotation of the tyre.
  • a corresponding electrical charge is induced electromagnetically in the movable coil and supplies the energy required to drive the movable unit as a whole. What happens is that the electrical energy storage circuit 32 in said movable unit stores said electrical charge by means of, for example, a capacitor or a miniaturized rechargeable battery.
  • the movable unit detectss, using said read circuit for said sensors, at least one of said characteristic parameters and sends to said fixed unit a signal corresponding to the value detected.
  • this signal corresponding to the value detected is sent to said movable coil in which a magnetic field is created.
  • the movable coil will again be in a position such as to induce in the fixed coil a voltage corresponding to the detected value.
  • the power to the movable unit and the transmission of the measurement to the fixed coil may be performed within the same time interval, or similarly in different time intervals.
  • the movable unit With each rotation of the tyre the movable unit is able to store electrical energy within itself. Measurements can be taken at predetermined time intervals depending on the type of value detected. For example, inflation pressure is a parameter, which does not require detecting on every revolution of the tyre.
  • the two antennas preferably carry out both the transfer, between the fixed unit and the movable unit, of the necessary electrical power to the movable unit and the transfer of the information between the movable unit and the fixed unit concerning the values detected within the tyre.
  • the information is transmitted as a modulation signal of the alternating current powering the fixed coil.
  • the transmission of the value to said fixed unit may be carried out by radiofrequency without exploiting the inductive coupling between the two coils, which may be used purely in order to transfer the power to said movable unit.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Measuring Fluid Pressure (AREA)
  • Arrangements For Transmission Of Measured Signals (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un système de détection des paramètres caractéristiques d'un pneu adapté sur un véhicule. Ce système comprend une unité fixée pouvant être combinée avec ledit véhicule et une unité mobile (3) pouvant être combinée avec ledit pneu et comprenant un dispositif de réception à partir de l'unité fixée, un dispositif d'émission vers l'unité fixée et un dispositif de mesure des paramètres caractéristiques. Cette unité fixée comprend également un dispositif d'émission vers l'unité mobile et un dispositif de réception à partir de celle-ci (3) qui est placée dans une cavité définie entre le pneu et une rainure d'adaptation correspondante et qui est libre de se déplacer à l'intérieur de la cavité.
PCT/IB2001/002575 2001-12-19 2001-12-19 Systeme de surveillance des parametres caracteristiques d'un pneu WO2003051653A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU2002217363A AU2002217363A1 (en) 2001-12-19 2001-12-19 System for monitoring characteristic parameters of a tyre
PCT/IB2001/002575 WO2003051653A1 (fr) 2001-12-19 2001-12-19 Systeme de surveillance des parametres caracteristiques d'un pneu

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/IB2001/002575 WO2003051653A1 (fr) 2001-12-19 2001-12-19 Systeme de surveillance des parametres caracteristiques d'un pneu

Publications (1)

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WO2003051653A1 true WO2003051653A1 (fr) 2003-06-26

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PCT/IB2001/002575 WO2003051653A1 (fr) 2001-12-19 2001-12-19 Systeme de surveillance des parametres caracteristiques d'un pneu

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WO (1) WO2003051653A1 (fr)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2005047029A1 (fr) * 2003-11-14 2005-05-26 Trelleborg Ab Dispositif de surveillance de pneumatiques
WO2007010001A3 (fr) * 2005-07-19 2007-04-26 Michelin Soc Tech Appui de soutien de bande de roulement comportant un logement pour un module electronique, module electronique adapte
US7421902B2 (en) 2006-10-13 2008-09-09 Smartire Systems, Inc. Fluid pressure sensing method and apparatus
US8171791B2 (en) 2009-05-13 2012-05-08 Robert Bosch Gmbh Rotation sensor with onboard power generation

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1000776A2 (fr) * 1998-11-13 2000-05-17 BRIDGESTONE/FIRESTONE, Research, Inc. Ensemble de contrôle libre dans un pneumatique

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1000776A2 (fr) * 1998-11-13 2000-05-17 BRIDGESTONE/FIRESTONE, Research, Inc. Ensemble de contrôle libre dans un pneumatique

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2005047029A1 (fr) * 2003-11-14 2005-05-26 Trelleborg Ab Dispositif de surveillance de pneumatiques
WO2007010001A3 (fr) * 2005-07-19 2007-04-26 Michelin Soc Tech Appui de soutien de bande de roulement comportant un logement pour un module electronique, module electronique adapte
US7421902B2 (en) 2006-10-13 2008-09-09 Smartire Systems, Inc. Fluid pressure sensing method and apparatus
US8171791B2 (en) 2009-05-13 2012-05-08 Robert Bosch Gmbh Rotation sensor with onboard power generation

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