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WO2002037192A1 - Procede pour produire des hologrammes - Google Patents

Procede pour produire des hologrammes Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2002037192A1
WO2002037192A1 PCT/EP2001/012452 EP0112452W WO0237192A1 WO 2002037192 A1 WO2002037192 A1 WO 2002037192A1 EP 0112452 W EP0112452 W EP 0112452W WO 0237192 A1 WO0237192 A1 WO 0237192A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
polymer film
master device
holographic
surface structure
lacquer
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2001/012452
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Arne Koops
Matthias Gerspach
Stefan Stadler
Jörn LEIBER
Steffen Noehte
Christoph Dietrich
Original Assignee
Tesa Scribos Gmbh
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Tesa Scribos Gmbh filed Critical Tesa Scribos Gmbh
Publication of WO2002037192A1 publication Critical patent/WO2002037192A1/fr

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03H—HOLOGRAPHIC PROCESSES OR APPARATUS
    • G03H1/00—Holographic processes or apparatus using light, infrared or ultraviolet waves for obtaining holograms or for obtaining an image from them; Details peculiar thereto
    • G03H1/02—Details of features involved during the holographic process; Replication of holograms without interference recording

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for producing holograms which e.g. for storing image data such as photos, logos, writing, etc., but also for storing other data.
  • a hologram contains holographic information about an object distributed over the surface of the hologram, from which an image of the object can be reconstructed when irradiated with light, in particular coherent light from a laser.
  • Holograms are used in various ways in technology, for example in the form of largely counterfeit-proof markings. Such markings can be found, for example, on credit cards or check cards; As so-called white light holograms, they show a three-dimensional image of the object displayed even when illuminated with natural light.
  • Widespread are photographically produced holograms and embossed holograms in which a relief structure is embossed into the surface of a material, on which the light used to reproduce the object is scattered in accordance with the information stored in the hologram so that the reconstructed image of the object is created by interference effects.
  • holograms are mostly produced by replicating so-called master structures.
  • a master or a master device must first be produced, which is usually done by exposing photoresist materials through a chrome mask and then electroforming with the aid of nickel (LIGA process from lithography and electroplating), as explained below.
  • a photoresist e.g. polymethyl methacrylate
  • the photoresist is exposed to ultraviolet or X-ray radiation through a chrome mask which contains the microstructure provided for the holograms to be reproduced.
  • This cleaves the polymer chains (negative resist) and can be removed with suitable solvents.
  • the resulting micro-trenches are filled with nickel in an electroplating bath by electrodeposition, which creates a kind of stamp, the so-called embossing plate, after the remaining polymer has dissolved.
  • the unexposed areas are removed by a solvent; further treatment is similar to that of negative resists.
  • the holograms to be reproduced can be molded in standard plastics using an embossing plate if they are heated to temperatures slightly above their glass point (hot stamping).
  • the replication can be carried out using radiation-curable lacquers (eg acrylates or epoxy resins).
  • the embossing plate is coated with the lacquer and then the lacquer system is hardened.
  • the hardening is usually carried out by ultraviolet or electron radiation. After this Removing the embossed sheet has transferred the desired holographic structure into the paint.
  • a master device with a relief-like surface structure made of plastic is provided, which corresponds to the intended holographic structure.
  • a radiation-curable lacquer is applied to the surface structure of the master device.
  • the varnish is hardened and removed from the master device as a reproduced hologram.
  • a master device in which the surface structure used to generate the holographic structure of the holograms to be produced is made of plastic.
  • the master device can be manufactured very inexpensively in comparison to the conventional methods, which is also worthwhile for small numbers of holograms, because an expensive chrome mask is not required for this and the use of an electroplating technique using nickel is also unnecessary. Preferred methods of making the master device device and preferred features of the master device are explained below.
  • the master device has a relief-like surface structure, which is in principle designed as a negative (see below) of the holographic structure provided for the holograms to be produced, preferably in a polymer film (see below).
  • This polymer film serves as a so-called transfer film with which the surface structure of the master device is transferred to the holograms to be produced.
  • the transfer film serves as a so-called transfer film with which the surface structure of the master device is transferred to the holograms to be produced.
  • the varnish is hardened with rays, preferably with ultraviolet radiation and / or with electron radiation, the master device is only slightly warmed, which does not damage the relief-like surface structure made of plastic.
  • the lacquer layer can be removed from the master device or the transfer film, and the desired holographic structure is transferred into the lacquer.
  • the hardened lacquer thus forms a reproduced hologram, the properties of which can be improved by additional steps, as explained further below.
  • the master device can be produced very inexpensively and quickly, the process is ideally suited for so-called "rapid prototyping". However, it can also be used quite normally for the mass production of holograms. If the coating system does not contain any plasticizers that attack the surface structure of the master device or the transfer film, this can be used again and again to replicate a large number of holograms.
  • the method according to the invention can also be used to produce large-area holograms or products provided with holograms, which can be, for example, in web form. If a polymer film is used as the master device, such products can take the form of rolls with a length of several hundred meters and one Have a web width of, for example, 1 m, which cannot be achieved with the previously known methods.
  • the master device preferably has a polymer film, the surface structure of which can be changed locally by heating, the surface structure provided being produced during the manufacture of the master device by local heating of the polymer film in accordance with the holographic information provided.
  • the surface structure or topography of the polymer film can be changed locally, for example by focusing a laser beam serving as a writing beam on the polymer film, preferably its surface zone, so that the light energy is absorbed there and converted into thermal energy.
  • a laser beam serving as a writing beam
  • the material change in the polymer film which leads to the local change in the surface structure remains limited to a very narrow volume due to the generally poor thermal conductivity of the polymer.
  • the structural change in the surface of the polymer film is preferably induced point by point, as explained in more detail below.
  • the local area which is provided for storing an information unit and is referred to below as "pit" typically has linear lateral dimensions (for example a side length or a diameter) in the range from 0.5 ⁇ m to 1 ⁇ m, but also other sizes are possible.
  • the height profile of the polymer film typically changes by changing the surface structure in a pit by 50 nm to 500 nm, which depends in detail on the properties and operating conditions of the write beam and the properties of the polymer film.
  • the dot matrix ie the center distance between two pits, is typically in the range from 1 ⁇ m to 2 ⁇ m. generation The general rule is that shorter lengths of light on the writing beam allow a tighter grid of points.
  • the polymer film can be stretched and is preferably biaxially stretched, e.g. by prestressing it in its plane in two perpendicular directions during manufacture.
  • a stretched polymer film With a stretched polymer film, a high energy density is stored in the film material.
  • a relatively strong change in material can be achieved with a change in the local surface structure of the polymer film.
  • Biaxially stretched polymer films can be produced from inexpensive bulk plastics.
  • Stretched polymer films in combination with a high-resolution writing beam are well suited for achieving a high resolution (i.e. a small pit size, see above). Because of the high energy density stored in the film material, a write beam with a relatively low power can be used, with relatively small pits being generated.
  • conventional techniques such as the production of microstructures by direct laser processing with excimer lasers of 193 nm wavelength cannot achieve resolutions in the submicron range.
  • Suitable materials for the polymer film are, for example, polypropylene, polyester or polyvinyl chloride, polymer films which have such a material preferably being biaxially stretched.
  • a higher temperature stability and thus also an improved resistance to aging and storage stability can be achieved with polymer films which have an increased crystallite melting point or a higher glass transition temperature.
  • Examples of such materials are polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polymethylpentene (PMP; also poly-2-methylpen- ten) and polyimide, a polymer film made from such materials also preferably being biaxially stretched.
  • PET polyethylene terephthalate
  • PMP polymethylpentene
  • polyimide polyimide
  • Other film types can also be used at higher intensities of a write beam.
  • Preferred thicknesses of the polymer film are in the range from 10 ⁇ m to 200 ⁇ m, but smaller or larger thicknesses are also conceivable.
  • the polymer film can be assigned an absorber dye which is set up to at least partially absorb a write beam used to enter information and to at least partially emit the heat generated thereby locally to the polymer film.
  • an absorber dye enables local heating of the polymer film sufficient for changing the surface structure with a relatively low intensity of the write beam.
  • the absorber dye is preferably contained in the material of the polymer film. However, it can also be arranged in a separate absorber layer, which preferably has a binder; Mixed forms are also conceivable.
  • the absorber layer can have a thin layer (e.g. a thickness of 0.5 ⁇ m to 5 ⁇ m) made of a polymer
  • PEEK polyetherimide
  • the absorption maximum of the absorber dye should coincide with the light length of the write beam used in order to achieve efficient absorption.
  • a light wavelength of 532 nm of a write beam generated by a laser e.g. Dyes from the Sudan red family (diazo dyes) or (for particularly polar plastics) eosin scarlet are suitable.
  • green dyes e.g. from the Styryl family
  • the holographic information provided in a hologram of a memory object is preferably calculated as a two-dimensional arrangement and a write beam from a writing device, preferably a laser lithograph, is directed onto the polymer film of the master device and / or, if appropriate, the associated absorber layer and corresponding to the two dimensional arrangement controlled so that the local surface structure of the polymer film is adjusted according to the intended holographic information.
  • a conventional structure for generating a hologram in which coherent light from a laser that is scattered by an object (memory object) can be brought into interference with a coherent reference beam is and the resulting interference pattern is recorded as a hologram
  • the interference pattern or the modulation for the surface structure of the polymer film is calculated as a two-dimensional arrangement (two-dimensional array).
  • the resolution of a suitable laser lithograph is typically about 50,000 dpi (dots per inch).
  • the surface structure of the polymer film can thus be changed locally in areas or pits with a size of approximately 0.5 ⁇ m to 1 ⁇ m.
  • the writing speed and other details depend, among other things, on the parameters of the writing laser (laser power, light wavelength) and the exposure time, as well as on the properties of the polymer film and any absorber dye.
  • the surface structure of the polymer film is a negative of the holographic structure that is present in a reproduced hologram and that contains the intended holographic information.
  • a holographic image that is reconstructed from a hologram it is generally of no consequence if indentations and elevations are interchanged with one another in the hologram in question.
  • a "positive” and a "negative” deliver that same reconstructed picture. Therefore, in the production of the master device explained above, as a rule, no conversion has to take place to control the write beam, which takes into account that the surface structure of the polymer film is actually a negative of the holographic structure of a reproduced hologram.
  • the holographic information provided is therefore preferably stored in the form of pits of a predetermined size.
  • the term "pit" is to be understood here generally in the sense of a changed area and not restricted to its original meaning as a hole or depression.
  • the holographic information can be stored in binary coded form in a pit. That is, in the area of a given pit, the surface structure of the polymer film of the master device (and thus that of a reproduced hologram) takes on only one of two possible basic shapes. These basic forms preferably differ significantly, so that intermediate forms occurring in practice, which are close to one or the other basic form, can be clearly assigned to one or the other basic form in order to store the information reliably and unambiguously.
  • the holographic information can be stored in a pit in a continuously coded form, the local maximum height change in the pit being selected from a predetermined range of values.
  • the surface structure of the polymer film of the master device and thus that of a reproduced hologram
  • the information can be stored "in grayscale" so that each pit has more than one bit of information.
  • varnishes are suitable for the radiation-curable varnish, which can be hardened after the addition of photoinitiators, i.e. polymerized through. Radically polymerizable lacquers based on acrylate and cationically polymerizable epoxy resins are particularly suitable.
  • the varnish is preferably applied to the surface structure of the master device using a multi-roller applicator.
  • the surface of the reproduced holograms provided with the holographic structure is mirrored.
  • Such a hologram can be read in reflection (see below), the light used for reading either falling directly on the mirrored surface or initially penetrating the lacquer material, thus hitting the mirrored surface from the rear; in the latter case, the lacquer must be transparent to the light used.
  • the holographic information is read out with the aid of light which strikes the holographic structure, penetrates the lacquer material and is then reflected on the mirrored surface.
  • a reproduced hologram in that light, preferably coherent light (for example from a laser), is directed over a large area at the surface of the hologram provided with the holographic structure and from that Surface structure is modulated.
  • a holographic image is captured at a distance from the data memory, for example with a CCD sensor, which is connected to a data processing device.
  • large area is to be understood as an area which is significantly larger than the area of a pit. In this sense, for example, an area of 1 mm 2 is large.
  • the locally varying surface structure of the reproduced hologram leads to differences in the transit time of the light waves emanating from different points, that is to say ultimately to a periodic phase modulation.
  • the area of the reproduced hologram captured by the light acts like a diffraction grating, which deflects incident light in a defined manner. The deflected light forms an image of the storage object that represents the reconstruction of information encoded in the hologram.
  • the holograms produced with the method according to the invention can be used for different types of memory objects.
  • the information contained in images such as photographs, logos, writing, etc. and machine-readable data can be stored.
  • the latter takes place, for example, in the form of so-called data pages, the holographic information contained in a hologram of a graphic bit pattern (which represents the data information) being used.
  • a holographic image of this graphical bit pattern is created.
  • the information contained therein can be recorded, for example, with the aid of a precisely adjusted CCD sensor and processed using the associated evaluation software.
  • a simple matte screen or, for example, a camera with an LCD screen is sufficient for the reproduction of images where high accuracy is not important.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic illustration which illustrates the production of a relief-like surface structure in a polymer film when producing a master device in the method according to the invention
  • FIG. 2 shows a schematic illustration of the relief-like surface structure of the polymer film
  • FIG. 3 shows a schematic illustration which shows the application of lacquer to the surface structure of the polymer film
  • FIG. 4 shows a schematic illustration which illustrates the hardening of the paint
  • Figure 5 is a schematic representation showing the detachment of the hardened lacquer as a reproduced hologram from the polymer film
  • Figure 6 is a schematic representation of the reproduced hologram.
  • Figures 1 to 6 illustrate successive steps in the implementation of an embodiment of the method for producing holograms.
  • a master device 1 is first provided or manufactured, with the aid of which holograms to be reproduced are to be produced.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic longitudinal sectional view of how a relief-like surface structure is generated in the master device 1, which in relief represents a negative of the holographic structure provided for the holograms to be reproduced.
  • the master device 1 has a polymer film 2 which can be held on a carrier (not shown in FIG. 1).
  • the polymer film 2 is a biaxially stretched polyester film and has a thickness of 50 ⁇ m (manufacturer Mitsubishi, type Hostaphan RN50).
  • the material of the polymer film 2 contains an absorber dye which absorbs light from a writing beam and converts it to heat.
  • an absorber dye which absorbs light particularly well in the wavelength range around 532 nm; this wavelength is conceivable for a write beam from a laser lithograph.
  • Other absorber dyes are also possible.
  • Green dyes, for example from the Styryl family are particularly suitable for light lengths from 650 to 660 nm or 685 nm, in which the laser diodes of current DVD devices work; the pulses of such laser diodes can be modulated directly, which considerably simplifies and reduces the cost of generating pulses.
  • Lasers in the wavelength range from 390 to 410 nm are planned for future applications. Absorber dyes that absorb in the blue region of the spectrum, such as representatives of the coumarin family, are suitable for this.
  • the polymer film 2 with the absorber dye has a preferred optical density in the range from 0.2 to 1.0; other values are also possible.
  • the optical density is a measure of the absorption, here based on the light wavelength of a write beam.
  • the optical density is defined as a negative decimal logarithm of the transmission through the absorber layer, which corresponds to the product of the extinction coefficient at the wavelength of the write beam used, the concentration of the absorber dye in the polymer film 2 and the thickness of the polymer film 2.
  • the absorber dye facilitates local heating of the polymer film 2.
  • the absorber dye can be dispensed with, in particular if the pulsed write beam has a sufficiently high output or if very short pulses (ps or fs) are used.
  • FIG. 1 shows how a writing beam 4 is focused on the polymer film 2 with the aid of a lens 5, preferably in its surface zone.
  • the light energy of the writing beam 4 is converted into heat.
  • two writing rays 4 and two lenses 5 are drawn in order to change the top
  • the writing beam 4 preferably moves sequentially over the surface of the polymer film 2.
  • a laser lithograph with a resolution of approximately 50,000 dpi (ie approximately 0.5 ⁇ m) is suitable for entering the information.
  • the write beam of the laser lithograph is guided over the polymer film 2 in pulsed operation (typical pulse duration from approximately 1 ⁇ s to approximately 10 ⁇ s with a beam power of approximately 1 mW to approximately 10 mW for exposing or heating one location), that is to say usually in two Spatial directions in order to effect the desired change in the surface structure sequentially.
  • pulsed operation typically from approximately 1 ⁇ s to approximately 10 ⁇ s with a beam power of approximately 1 mW to approximately 10 mW for exposing or heating one location
  • FIG. 2 shows the result of the action of the pulsed write beam 4. Because of the poor thermal conductivity of the material of the polymer film 2, there is a significant increase in temperature in a narrowly limited volume, at which the surface structure of the polymer film 2 changes locally. This creates a pit 6, i.e. the local area in which a hologram reproduced with the aid of the master device 1
  • Each pit 6 has a central depression 8 which is surrounded by a peripheral projection 9.
  • the level difference between the lowest point of the depression 8 and the highest point of the posing 9, i.e. the local maximum change in height of the surface structure in the pit 6 is denoted by H in FIG. H is typically in the range of 50 nm to 500 nm.
  • the distance between the centers of two adjacent pits 6, i.e. the dot matrix R is preferably in the range from 1 ⁇ m to 2 ⁇ m.
  • a pit 6 has a diameter of approximately 0.8 ⁇ m.
  • the typical dimension of a pit is preferably about 0.5 ⁇ m to 1.0 ⁇ m.
  • the information can be stored in a binary-coded form in a pit by H only taking two different values
  • holographic information contained in a hologram of a memory object is first calculated as a two-dimensional arrangement. This can be carried out, for example, as a simulation of a classic setup for generating a photographically recorded hologram, in which coherent light from a laser that is scattered by the storage object is brought into interference with a coherent reference beam and the resulting modulation pattern is recorded as a hologram.
  • the two-dimensional arrangement (two-dimensional array) contains the information required to control the write beam of a laser lithograph already explained above.
  • a conversion to take into account that the surface structure of the polymer film 2 actually represents a negative of the holographic structure provided for the holograms to be reproduced is not necessary, as explained above. If the write beam of the laser lithograph is guided over the upper side of the polymer film 2 in pulsed operation, it heats the polymer film 2 in accordance with the two-dimensional array. The pits 6 are generated as seen above.
  • Relief-like surface structure (referred to as 10 in the following) of the polymer film 2 applied a varnish 12.
  • FIG. 3 An aliphatic polyurethane acrylate serves as the lacquer system, the lacquer 12 being applied in a layer thickness of 75 ⁇ m.
  • the paint 12 emerges from a nozzle 14.
  • a multi-roller applicator is more suitable for applying the lacquer 12.
  • the surface 16 of the lacquer 12 is somewhat wavy, but it runs when the polymer film 2 is oriented horizontally.
  • the underside 18 of the lacquer layer adapts exactly to the relief-like surface structure 10 of the polymer film 2.
  • FIG. 4 shows how the lacquer 12 is hardened.
  • electron radiation 20 is used for this purpose, which causes the aliphatic polyurethane acrylate to crosslink.
  • the lacquer 12 can be detached from the polymer film 2 as a reproduced hologram 22. As shown in Figure 5, this is done in the embodiment by pulling in the direction of the arrow.
  • FIG. 6 shows the reproduced hologram 22 after it has been separated from the master device 1. It has a holographic structure 24 on its side pointing downward in the illustration according to FIG. 6, which is a negative of the relief-like surface structure 10 of the polymer film 2 from the relief. Holographic information in the form of pits 26 is stored in the holographic structure 24.
  • the surface of the reproduced hologram 22 provided with the holographic structure 24 can be mirrored, e.g. by evaporating a thin layer of aluminum. It is also conceivable to instead mirror the opposite surface 28. These reflection layers can be useful for reading out the holographic information, as explained above.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Holo Graphy (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé pour produire des hologrammes, selon lequel on utilise un dispositif maître (1) présentant une structure de surface en relief (10) constituée d'une matière synthétique, correspondant à la structure holographique recherchée. Un vernis radiodurcissable (12) est appliqué sur la structure de surface (10) du dispositif maître (1). Une fois durci, le vernis (12) est retiré du dispositif maître (1) sous forme d'hologramme reproduit.
PCT/EP2001/012452 2000-11-02 2001-10-26 Procede pour produire des hologrammes WO2002037192A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE2000154167 DE10054167A1 (de) 2000-11-02 2000-11-02 Verfahren zum Herstellen von Hologrammen
DE10054167.4 2000-11-02

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Publication Number Publication Date
WO2002037192A1 true WO2002037192A1 (fr) 2002-05-10

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102007013284B4 (de) 2007-03-16 2009-07-09 Leonhard Kurz Gmbh & Co. Kg Verfahren zur Herstellung einer diffraktiven oder makroskopischen Reliefstruktur sowie eine mit dieser Reliefstruktur versehene Folie
DE102007052326A1 (de) 2007-10-31 2009-05-07 Bundesdruckerei Gmbh Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Sicherheitsmerkmals für ein Dokument
DE102022210831A1 (de) 2022-10-14 2024-04-25 Robert Bosch Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung Vorrichtung und Verfahren zum Belichten eines holographischen Materials

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4968370A (en) * 1984-07-19 1990-11-06 Hallmark Cards, Incorporated Replication of information carriers
EP0563992A2 (fr) * 1992-04-03 1993-10-06 GAO Gesellschaft für Automation und Organisation mbH Méthode et appareil pour la fabrication d'éléments métalliques surfaces sur substrats
EP0753801A1 (fr) * 1995-07-14 1997-01-15 Nashua Corporation Reproduction d'hologrammes
WO1998041904A1 (fr) * 1997-03-19 1998-09-24 Metallized Products Inc. Procede de production de motifs en relief a diffraction de la lumiere
US6115344A (en) * 1995-05-23 2000-09-05 Opticom Asa Device and method for optical data storage having multiple optical states

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4968370A (en) * 1984-07-19 1990-11-06 Hallmark Cards, Incorporated Replication of information carriers
EP0563992A2 (fr) * 1992-04-03 1993-10-06 GAO Gesellschaft für Automation und Organisation mbH Méthode et appareil pour la fabrication d'éléments métalliques surfaces sur substrats
US6115344A (en) * 1995-05-23 2000-09-05 Opticom Asa Device and method for optical data storage having multiple optical states
EP0753801A1 (fr) * 1995-07-14 1997-01-15 Nashua Corporation Reproduction d'hologrammes
WO1998041904A1 (fr) * 1997-03-19 1998-09-24 Metallized Products Inc. Procede de production de motifs en relief a diffraction de la lumiere

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