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WO2002035348A1 - Procede et dispositif d'envoi d'informations dans un systeme de communication - Google Patents

Procede et dispositif d'envoi d'informations dans un systeme de communication Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2002035348A1
WO2002035348A1 PCT/SE2001/002346 SE0102346W WO0235348A1 WO 2002035348 A1 WO2002035348 A1 WO 2002035348A1 SE 0102346 W SE0102346 W SE 0102346W WO 0235348 A1 WO0235348 A1 WO 0235348A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
information
server
channel
boot
objects
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/SE2001/002346
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Mikael Dahlgren
Björn ELENFORS
Johan GÖRSJÖ
Dag Helstad
Anders Svensson
Christer ÖSTERLIND
Original Assignee
Kreatel Communications Ab
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from SE0003890A external-priority patent/SE524309C2/sv
Priority claimed from SE0003889A external-priority patent/SE524486C2/sv
Application filed by Kreatel Communications Ab filed Critical Kreatel Communications Ab
Priority to AU2002211158A priority Critical patent/AU2002211158A1/en
Publication of WO2002035348A1 publication Critical patent/WO2002035348A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F9/00—Arrangements for program control, e.g. control units
    • G06F9/06—Arrangements for program control, e.g. control units using stored programs, i.e. using an internal store of processing equipment to receive or retain programs
    • G06F9/44—Arrangements for executing specific programs
    • G06F9/4401—Bootstrapping
    • G06F9/4405—Initialisation of multiprocessor systems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L61/00—Network arrangements, protocols or services for addressing or naming
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L67/00—Network arrangements or protocols for supporting network services or applications
    • H04L67/01—Protocols
    • H04L67/06—Protocols specially adapted for file transfer, e.g. file transfer protocol [FTP]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L67/00—Network arrangements or protocols for supporting network services or applications
    • H04L67/34—Network arrangements or protocols for supporting network services or applications involving the movement of software or configuration parameters 
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L69/00—Network arrangements, protocols or services independent of the application payload and not provided for in the other groups of this subclass
    • H04L69/30—Definitions, standards or architectural aspects of layered protocol stacks
    • H04L69/32—Architecture of open systems interconnection [OSI] 7-layer type protocol stacks, e.g. the interfaces between the data link level and the physical level
    • H04L69/322—Intralayer communication protocols among peer entities or protocol data unit [PDU] definitions
    • H04L69/329—Intralayer communication protocols among peer entities or protocol data unit [PDU] definitions in the application layer [OSI layer 7]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L69/00—Network arrangements, protocols or services independent of the application payload and not provided for in the other groups of this subclass
    • H04L69/30—Definitions, standards or architectural aspects of layered protocol stacks
    • H04L69/32—Architecture of open systems interconnection [OSI] 7-layer type protocol stacks, e.g. the interfaces between the data link level and the physical level
    • H04L69/322—Intralayer communication protocols among peer entities or protocol data unit [PDU] definitions
    • H04L69/325—Intralayer communication protocols among peer entities or protocol data unit [PDU] definitions in the network layer [OSI layer 3], e.g. X.25

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method defined in the preamble of claim 1.
  • the present invention also relates to an apparatus defined in the preamble of claim 7.
  • General information is usually sent to computerized electronic equipments in two- way communication networks in a peer-to-peer (P2P) manner. In order to transfer the information, it is divided into smaller packets. Each packet is mostly acknowledged separately by the receiver before the next packet is sent by the sender. This is the case when using e.g. the Trivial File Transfer Protocol (TFTP).
  • TFTP Trivial File Transfer Protocol
  • US 6 108 697 shows a system for repeatedly sending disk images, divided into packets, from one sender to one or more downloading receiver.
  • the data stream of the packets contains a number of join points, at which the down loader at any time may join the transmission.
  • the down loaders get, however, no information about where to find which information on the transfer channel.
  • booting information One type of information sent over the network is booting information, since thin clients are used in many applications today. Some of these low-cost computers are centrally managed and have no hard disk or other sufficiently large persistent memory. Therefore, they need to boot (download an operating system) over a network in order to start. When booting over the network, the TFTP is in general used to download the operating system.
  • WO 97/30549 shows a system for downloading different versions of software or data modules, e.g. an operating system, over a network (such as a cable television net- work) to home communication terminals.
  • the system comprises a transmitting source, which continuously broadcasts all versions of all modules in a "carousel" channel and transmits a descriptor table to each terminal.
  • the te ⁇ ninal compares the descriptor table with an internally stored table. If the terminal needs a newer version of the operating system, it tunes to the "carousel" channel and downloads the newer version.
  • This system is mainly designed for a small network, where the use of bandwidth is of less importance than in large networks.
  • One object of the present invention is to provide an improved method and apparatus for sending general information of interest to many users over the network.
  • this object is accomplished by providing a method and apparatus as defined in the independent claims 1 and 7.
  • Fig 1 is a block diagram of a communication system.
  • Fig 2a shows a channel used for sending information.
  • Fig 2b shows one packet in an object sent on an information channel.
  • Fig 3 is a block diagram of one application of the inventive method and apparatus showing a system for booting over the network.
  • Fig 4a shows a channel used for booting
  • Fig 4b shows one packet in an object sent on the booting channel.
  • Fig 5 is a flowchart showing the steps perfo ⁇ ned when booting computerized electronic equipment over a network.
  • a server is a program component delivering some added value, such as a mail server, and has nothing to do with the server hardware, which can be the same for several servers.
  • Client/server describes the relationship between two computer programs in which one program, the client, makes a service request from another program, the server, which fulfills the request.
  • the client/server model provides a convenient way to interconnect programs that are distributed efficiently across different locations.
  • a computerized electronic equipment connected to the network is represented by 1, an operator site by 2 and an operator network by 3, which also is connected to the Internet.
  • the operator site 2 comprises a router 7, at least one information server 8, and a management system 9.
  • the information server 8 is the server component used to transmit information specified by the operator over the network 3.
  • the management system 9 is responsible for the information in the information server 8.
  • the operator network 3 comprises several routers 7.
  • a router is a device that determines the next network point to which a packet should be forwarded toward its destination.
  • a router creates or maintains a table of the available routes and their conditions and uses this information along with distance and cost algorithms to determine the best route for a given packet.
  • a packet may travel through a number of network points with routers, before arriving at its destination.
  • the routers 7 are multicast routers.
  • the multicast routers 7 are each connected to several electronic equipments 1, either directly or via a switch (not shown).
  • the Multicast technology is based on the interest to send information to a certain group, instead of to everyone (broadcast) or to a single receiver (unicast).
  • group addressing is used. Group addressing is based on services in multicast enabled routers that allow servers and clients to join a certain group with a specified address. Together the routers keep track of the members in the group and when a member of the group sends a message to the groups address, all members receive the message.
  • a protocol based on multicast henceforward called the information protocol, is used to repeatedly transmit information from the information server 8, whether this information has been requested or not.
  • the information specified by the operator, is transmitted over and over again until it is stopped. It is up to the client to listen to the right channel and decode the information received. If the information is secret, it is possible to encrypt a whole information object or just some of the data inside the object.
  • An object is in this context defined as the general information object sent to the electronic equipments 1 , such as TV-tabloids, stock information or boot information.
  • the information protocol accepts streams of objects at almost arbitrary length and throughput.
  • Fig 2a shows the information channel containing at least two objects, X and Y.
  • the objects are divided in several packets when being sent on the channel. It is shown that the last packet in an object may be smaller than the rest of the packets sent.
  • the first part is the header, A and B, as shown in fig 2b.
  • A is a static part that always is in the packet.
  • B is a dynamic part.
  • C and D are the payload. If there is no dynamic part B in the packet, the payload C, D starts directly after the static header A.
  • the packets contain the object type and name, packet number, checksums, precoding definitions, data and so on.
  • the payload C, D contains a part of the data object to be reassembled into an object. If the field "precoding" is showing that the data contains a signature the last part of the packet, D, should be treated as a signature.
  • the signature is just added as binary data at the end of the object composed of packet payloads.
  • the dynamic header type describes what is stored in the dynamic header and how to use it.
  • the dynamic header B can store nothing, a digital signature, extra header fields or a digital signature and extra header fields. If it is a combination the dynamic header starts with the signature up to a breaking point, a ter that point extra header fields are stored.
  • the dynamic header type field consists of 2 bytes used as bitmaps described below.
  • BBB is the breakpoint between the digital signature and the extra header fields.
  • the breakpoint is placed at (B/8)*A*16.
  • CCC describes the signature algorithm used.
  • DDD describes the key to be used.
  • the information protocol uses standardized multicast and it is easy for any node on a network to send multicast information (fake multicast server), and thereby confusing the clients on the subnet and potentially the whole network if the routers allow this.
  • the operator might enable an encrypted checksum. The clients receiving the information channel thereby discovers if a fake server is sending information and discard all packets not having the correct checksum.
  • the information server 8 When the information server 8 reads a list of objects to send specified by the operator, it gets information about the object, including the type of object, the file name or the process name of the object source and the packet size to use. The server 8 calculates the number of packets needed to send the object and then creates the first packet to send. In the packet, it writes the correct data in the header and fills the payload section with one part of the object data before sending the packet. This is then repeated for each packet needed. The client receives one packet at a time, and must for each packet read the type and name fields in order to reassemble the object.
  • IP Internet protocol
  • UDP Unicast Datagram Protocol
  • Multicast header checksums If any checksum is wrong, the packets are discarded and the client must act as if the packet had never arrived. If the dynamic header is used for a checksum or signature, this can also be used to determine if the packet is valid.
  • the client After receiving all packets, the client should have concatenated all packets to an object. If the headers of the packets specified that encryption or object-wide checksums are used, the client should now decode the data or calculate the checksums. If it is discovered that the object is not consistent, the object should be discarded.
  • the client is able to start downloading an object without waiting for the first packet 21 of the object, since the object is sent over and over again and is verified on an object level by the checksum in each packet.
  • the clients listen to this control channel and get the necessary information of where to find which information on the information channel.
  • the index may be sent on more than one control channel as well as the information may be sent on more than one information channel. To achieve a low bandwidth usage, the ability to send information on several channels is of great importance.
  • Extensible Markup Language is used in the info ⁇ nation protocol, but any other data format well known to the person skilled in the art may be used, such as proprietary binary formats. Since many different general information objects is sent, all XML documents have a header that all clients connected to the operator network understands. A template for objects might look something like this:
  • the data to send is placed in the ⁇ object-content> part of the document.
  • the object- name is a descriptive and unique name of the object according to a naming standard upheld by the network operator.
  • the object-identifier is a universally unique identifier (UUID) generated for each object to send. This identifier is used when updating the objects on the electronic equipments.
  • several information servers may be used. E.g. two servers are started but only one is sending the information channel and the other is listening to that information channel. If the first server stops sending, the second server notices this and starts sending the same information on an information channel.
  • the computerized electronic equipment 1 is an advanced gateway between the operator network, which is an IP- based network, Internet and home appliances. E.g. in order to deliver broadband multimedia services to the TV, such as music, video and e-commerce.
  • the inventive gateway is connected to home appliances. It is very well suited to be placed in e.g. hotels or companies.
  • the computerized electronic equipment 1 is a mobile station used in a telecommunication network.
  • the computerized electronic equipment is represented by 31, the operator site by 32 and the operator network by 33, which also is connected to the Internet.
  • the electronic equipment 31 comprises a boot loader 34, an operating system kernel 35, downloaded over the network by the boot loader 34 into a Random Access Memory (RAM) and a RAM disc 36.
  • the boot loader 34 is a modified version of a type well known to the person skilled in the art, such as Ether boot, BOOTP or the like and is not further discussed herein.
  • the operating system used is of a type well known to the person skilled in the art, such as Linux or EPOC and is not further discussed herein.
  • the operator site 32 comprises a router 37, a boot server 38, a server 39, which dynamically allocates IP-addresses, and a network file system 30.
  • the boot server 38 is the server component used to transmit the information needed for booting the operating system and a root file system over the network 33.
  • the server 39 is used to transfer boot-time configuration information to the booting electronic equipment 31 and is in the preferred embodiment a Dynamically Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) server.
  • DHCP Dynamically Host Configuration Protocol
  • the file system 30 distributes file systems over the network 33.
  • the operating system kernel 35 is configured to mount the root file system over the network 33, but in other cases the kernel 35 is configured to use a downloaded RAM disk image as root device.
  • the operator network 33 comprises several multicast routers 37 each connected to several electronic equipments 31.
  • a protocol based on multicast henceforward called the booting protocol, is used to repeatedly transmit boot information from the boot server 38, whether this information has been requested or not.
  • the boot information, specified by the operator, is transmitted over and over again until it is stopped.
  • the booting protocol consists of at least two channels, at least one boot control channel and at least one boot file transfer channel.
  • the boot server 38 transmits information on the boot control channel about where, at which addresses, the boot informa- tion and RAM disc images are transmitted and what versions that are available for e.g. different client hardware revisions.
  • the boot server 38 transmits the actual boot information and RAM disc images on the file transfer channel.
  • the boot server transmitting the boot file transfer channel is another server, i.e. another program component, different from the boot server transmitting the boot control chan- nel.
  • different boot information is downloaded according to the information on the boot control channel.
  • An object is in this context defined as the boot information needed in order to boot the electronic equipment 31.
  • the booting protocol accepts streams of objects at almost arbitrary length and throughput.
  • the protocol is quite general and based on object composed of packets containing the object types, id, packet number, checksums, data and so on.
  • a boot channel 40 shown in fig 4a, contains a number of boot information objects.
  • Two objects Z and V are shown in fig 4a.
  • the objects Z, V are divided in several packets 41 when being sent on the channel 40, shown in fig 4b. It is shown that the last packet 41 in an object Z, V may be smaller than the rest of the packets 41 sent.
  • the first part is the header, P, and the second part, Q, is the payload, which is the data being carried within the packet 41.
  • the payload Q contains a part of the data object to be reassembled into an object.
  • the boot server 38 When the boot server 38 reads a list of objects to send specified by the operator, it gets information about the object, including the type of object, the file name or the process name of the object source and the packet size to use. The boot server 38 then calculates the number of packets 41 needed to send the object and creates the first packet 41 to send. In the packet 41, it writes the correct data in the header P and fills the payload section Q with object data before sending the object. This is then re- peated for each packet 41 needed.
  • the client receives one packet 41 at a time, and must for each packet 41 read the type and name fields in order to reassemble the object. If the type and the name are identical, the client must first make sure that the packet 41 has arrived correctly by check- ing the Internet Protocol (IP) and Unicast Datagram Protocol (UDP) /Multicast header checksums. If any checksum is wrong, the packet 41 is discarded and the client must act as if the packet 41 had never arrived.
  • IP Internet Protocol
  • UDP Unicast Datagram Protocol
  • the client After receiving all packets 41, the client should have concatenated all packets 41 to an object. If the header A of the packets 41 specified that encryption or objectwide checksums are used, the client should now decode the data or calculate the checksums. If it is discovered that the object is not consistent, the object should be discarded.
  • the client is able to start downloading an object without waiting for the first packet 41 of the object, since the object is sent over and over again and is verified on an object level by the checksum in each packet.
  • a preferred embodiment of the present invention is shown in fig 5 and the procedure for booting computerized electronic equipment 31 over the network 33 is as follows:
  • the boot loader 34 makes a call to the DHCP-server 39 (step 51), which in return sends information on where to listen to the boot control channel (step 52).
  • the boot loader 34 listens to the boot control channel and gets information about where to read which boot information on the boot file transfer channel
  • the boot loader 34 selects which boot information to download, depending on information known by the client, such as the hardware of the electronic equipment 1, and downloads from the boot server 38 the operating system kernel file and optionally a RAM disk file over the boot file transfer channel (step 54).
  • the boot loader 34 decodes the downloaded kernel file and starts the kernel 35 (step 55) by executing the kernel file.
  • the operating system kernel 35 starts the system in it's own way and mounts the root file system (step 56) from the RAM disk 36 or the network file system 30.
  • the operating system kernel 35 may mount additional file systems via the network file system 30, if the configuration files in the root systems says so.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Software Systems (AREA)
  • Computer Security & Cryptography (AREA)
  • Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Information Transfer Between Computers (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé d'envoi d'informations, d'un serveur (8; 38), au moins, vers un groupe choisi d'appareils électroniques informatiques (1; 31) connectés à ce premier serveur (8; 38) par l'intermédiaire d'un réseau (3; 33); ce procédé est caractérisé en ce que ces informations, composées d'objets généraux possédant une identité de type et une identité de nom s'appliquant aux appareils électroniques (1; 31), sont envoyées par le premier serveur (8; 38) sur au moins une première voie, de manière répétée et indépendante de la demande d'informations de l'appareil électronique (1; 31), en ce qu'un index de l'endroit où se trouvent les informations est envoyé par le premier serveur (8; 38) sur au moins une seconde voie, et en ce que cette seconde voie est écoutée par les appareils (1; 31).
PCT/SE2001/002346 2000-10-26 2001-10-25 Procede et dispositif d'envoi d'informations dans un systeme de communication WO2002035348A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU2002211158A AU2002211158A1 (en) 2000-10-26 2001-10-25 Method and apparatus for sending information in a communication system

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
SE0003890-1 2000-10-26
SE0003889-3 2000-10-26
SE0003890A SE524309C2 (sv) 2000-10-26 2000-10-26 Metod och anordning vid bootning över ett IP-baserat nätverk
SE0003889A SE524486C2 (sv) 2000-10-26 2000-10-26 Metod och anordning för att sända information till en grupp användare över ett IP-baserat nätverk

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WO2002035348A1 true WO2002035348A1 (fr) 2002-05-02

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PCT/SE2001/002346 WO2002035348A1 (fr) 2000-10-26 2001-10-25 Procede et dispositif d'envoi d'informations dans un systeme de communication

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AU (1) AU2002211158A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2002035348A1 (fr)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2006061454A1 (fr) 2004-12-08 2006-06-15 Maisatech Oy Procede d'acces a des fichiers de dispositifs electroniques
US7464277B2 (en) 2005-01-28 2008-12-09 Dell Products, L.P. Microprocessor performance mode control utilizing sensed temperature as an indication of microprocessor utilization
US7899877B2 (en) 2005-05-17 2011-03-01 Dell Products L.P. Method for dynamically managing multicast sessions for software downloads and related systems

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0399200A2 (fr) * 1989-05-25 1990-11-28 General Instrument Corporation Of Delaware Système convertisseur pour télévision par câble fonctionnellement modifiable
WO1997030549A1 (fr) * 1996-02-14 1997-08-21 Powertv, Inc. Telechargement par diffusion multiple de modules de logiciels et de donnees en fonction des exigences de ceux-ci en matiere de compatibilite
US5768539A (en) * 1994-05-27 1998-06-16 Bell Atlantic Network Services, Inc. Downloading applications software through a broadcast channel
US6085318A (en) * 1993-09-10 2000-07-04 Compaq Computer Corporation Computer system capable of booting from CD-ROM and tape
WO2001028248A1 (fr) * 1999-10-13 2001-04-19 Digital Convergence.:Com Inc. Telechargement de logiciel a l'aide de canaux de telediffusion
WO2001031912A1 (fr) * 1999-10-22 2001-05-03 General Instrument Corporation Autorisation d'objet et de caracteristique pour terminaux de communication numeriques

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0399200A2 (fr) * 1989-05-25 1990-11-28 General Instrument Corporation Of Delaware Système convertisseur pour télévision par câble fonctionnellement modifiable
US6085318A (en) * 1993-09-10 2000-07-04 Compaq Computer Corporation Computer system capable of booting from CD-ROM and tape
US5768539A (en) * 1994-05-27 1998-06-16 Bell Atlantic Network Services, Inc. Downloading applications software through a broadcast channel
WO1997030549A1 (fr) * 1996-02-14 1997-08-21 Powertv, Inc. Telechargement par diffusion multiple de modules de logiciels et de donnees en fonction des exigences de ceux-ci en matiere de compatibilite
WO2001028248A1 (fr) * 1999-10-13 2001-04-19 Digital Convergence.:Com Inc. Telechargement de logiciel a l'aide de canaux de telediffusion
WO2001031912A1 (fr) * 1999-10-22 2001-05-03 General Instrument Corporation Autorisation d'objet et de caracteristique pour terminaux de communication numeriques

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2006061454A1 (fr) 2004-12-08 2006-06-15 Maisatech Oy Procede d'acces a des fichiers de dispositifs electroniques
US8898167B2 (en) 2004-12-08 2014-11-25 Open Invention Network, Llc Method of accessing files in electronic devices
US7464277B2 (en) 2005-01-28 2008-12-09 Dell Products, L.P. Microprocessor performance mode control utilizing sensed temperature as an indication of microprocessor utilization
US7899877B2 (en) 2005-05-17 2011-03-01 Dell Products L.P. Method for dynamically managing multicast sessions for software downloads and related systems
US9600260B2 (en) 2005-05-17 2017-03-21 Dell Products Lp Method for dynamically managing multicast sessions for software downloads and related systems

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