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WO2002033030A1 - Procede et dispositif servant a gazeifier une biomasse - Google Patents

Procede et dispositif servant a gazeifier une biomasse Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2002033030A1
WO2002033030A1 PCT/NL2001/000761 NL0100761W WO0233030A1 WO 2002033030 A1 WO2002033030 A1 WO 2002033030A1 NL 0100761 W NL0100761 W NL 0100761W WO 0233030 A1 WO0233030 A1 WO 0233030A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
stage
tar
auxiliary medium
stream
biomass
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/NL2001/000761
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Abraham Van Der Drift
Christiaan Martinus Van Der Meijden
Original Assignee
Stichting Energieonderzoek Centrum Nederland
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Stichting Energieonderzoek Centrum Nederland filed Critical Stichting Energieonderzoek Centrum Nederland
Priority to AU2002214394A priority Critical patent/AU2002214394A1/en
Publication of WO2002033030A1 publication Critical patent/WO2002033030A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10JPRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/46Gasification of granular or pulverulent flues in suspension
    • C10J3/54Gasification of granular or pulverulent fuels by the Winkler technique, i.e. by fluidisation
    • C10J3/56Apparatus; Plants
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10JPRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/46Gasification of granular or pulverulent flues in suspension
    • C10J3/48Apparatus; Plants
    • C10J3/482Gasifiers with stationary fluidised bed
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10JPRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/46Gasification of granular or pulverulent flues in suspension
    • C10J3/54Gasification of granular or pulverulent fuels by the Winkler technique, i.e. by fluidisation
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10JPRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/72Other features
    • C10J3/721Multistage gasification, e.g. plural parallel or serial gasification stages
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10KPURIFYING OR MODIFYING THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF COMBUSTIBLE GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE
    • C10K3/00Modifying the chemical composition of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide to produce an improved fuel, e.g. one of different calorific value, which may be free from carbon monoxide
    • C10K3/02Modifying the chemical composition of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide to produce an improved fuel, e.g. one of different calorific value, which may be free from carbon monoxide by catalytic treatment
    • C10K3/023Reducing the tar content
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10JPRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/09Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
    • C10J2300/0983Additives
    • C10J2300/0993Inert particles, e.g. as heat exchange medium in a fluidized or moving bed, heat carriers, sand
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10JPRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/16Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant
    • C10J2300/164Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant with conversion of synthesis gas
    • C10J2300/1643Conversion of synthesis gas to energy
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10JPRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/16Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant
    • C10J2300/164Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant with conversion of synthesis gas
    • C10J2300/1656Conversion of synthesis gas to chemicals
    • C10J2300/1659Conversion of synthesis gas to chemicals to liquid hydrocarbons
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10JPRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/16Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant
    • C10J2300/164Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant with conversion of synthesis gas
    • C10J2300/1656Conversion of synthesis gas to chemicals
    • C10J2300/1662Conversion of synthesis gas to chemicals to methane
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10JPRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/16Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant
    • C10J2300/164Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant with conversion of synthesis gas
    • C10J2300/1656Conversion of synthesis gas to chemicals
    • C10J2300/1665Conversion of synthesis gas to chemicals to alcohols, e.g. methanol or ethanol
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10JPRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/16Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant
    • C10J2300/1671Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant with the production of electricity
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02PCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P20/00Technologies relating to chemical industry
    • Y02P20/141Feedstock
    • Y02P20/145Feedstock the feedstock being materials of biological origin

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method of gasifying biomass, comprising, in a first stage, mixing said biomass with an auxiliary medium and gasifying the biomass, discharging said gasification products, comprising tar, and the auxiliary medium from the first stage, separating said discharge stream into a stream of solid particles and a gaseous stream comprising product gas, discharging said gaseous stream, feeding said solid particles to a second stage, burning the solid gasification products (char) in the second stage, and feeding the said auxiliary medium to said first stage.
  • a method of this type is known from EP 0239589 Al, which describes the gasification of biomass using sand as auxiliary medium.
  • biomass is mixed with sand and steam is passed through.
  • Decomposition into product gas and other components takes place at elevated temperature.
  • These other components comprise charcoal-like material (char) which is burned in a second step.
  • auxiliary medium such as sand, which can then be fed back to the first stage.
  • flue gases are also released in the second stage.
  • tar is understood as meaning substances with long hydrocarbon chains which condense at a relatively high temperature and therefore cause problems.
  • the method used in the prior art in which tar is removed in a separate stage, means that it is necessary to supply additional energy, with the result that the efficiency of the process decreases.
  • the environmentally friendly nature of the gasification of biomass appears to contradict the environmentally unfriendly nature of carcinogenic substances such as tar. Transporting tar and making it harmless involves a health risk.
  • the object of the present invention is to improve the method which is known from the prior art, so that, firstly, the tar can be removed efficiently and without health risks and, secondly, the thermal efficiency of the method increases.
  • this object is achieved in that between the first and second stages the discharge stream of the first stage is subjected to an intermediate stage for at least 1 second in a separate space at a temperature of between 700-900°C, in order to separate tar which is present in the discharge stream from the first stage from said gaseous stream.
  • the invention prevents the product gas from containing tar which subsequently has to be removed using a separate stage.
  • tar can be removed in accordance with two mechanisms, optionally in combination. Firstly, it is possible for tar to be (partially) broken down in the intermediate stage during the relatively long residence time of more than 1 s. In the process, gaseous products which can still be taken up in the product gas are formed. This process may be catalytically enhanced, for example by the solid carbon-containing particles originating from the first stage. It is also possible for (some of the) tar to be adsorbed on the solid particles, and in particular the carbon-containing particles, and to be broken down during the combustion in the second stage. This carbon-like material is always derived directly from the gasification in the first stage and, unlike the auxiliary material, is not a reused material, with the result that the possible catalytic action or absorbing action is optimum.
  • the auxiliary material which is fed back to the first stage comprises substantially no tar.
  • the product gas is separated out directly or, more particularly, during this intermediate stage.
  • the remainder of the product stream from the first stage is subjected to conventional combustion in order to generate electricity and/or to produce heat or as a synthesis gas for, inter alia, the production of methane, methanol, diesel.
  • the stages take place in a single reactor casing. This as far as possible prevents heat losses and enables the thermal efficiency of the device to increase.
  • the intermediate stage is preferably carried out in a chamber which is located above the first reactor chamber in which the first reaction is carried out. This chamber preferably also lies above the second reactor chamber, in which the second stage, i.e. the combustion, is carried out.
  • the transport takes place as a result of the supply of steam and biomass.
  • transport takes place by means of air fed to it.
  • processing of biomass can be integrated in a single reactor which in principle has two outlets, one for product gas and one for flue gas. A device of this type is particularly easy to construct.
  • any other auxiliary medium can be used for the biomass instead of sand.
  • steam and air are used primarily to provide transport in the first reactor chamber.
  • Air provides the oxygen required for the combustion of the solid gasification products (char).
  • a single reactor of this type can be insulated.
  • the time for which the product stream originating from the first stage is to be subjected to tar reduction is dependent on the quantity of tar present, which in turn is, of course, dependent on the gasified biomass. This time is preferably between one and four seconds, and the residence time in the tar-reduction space in question can be regulated by the speed of movement of the product stream and the volume of the space in question. These are partially defined during design.
  • the temperature at which this tar reduction takes place is preferably between 700 and 900°C, and more particularly is 850°C.
  • Fig. 1 diagrammatically depicts the various stages of the method according to the invention
  • Fig. 2 diagrammatically depicts a device which can be used to carry out the method according to the invention.
  • Fig. 3 shows the cross section on III-III in Fig. 2.
  • Fig. 1 illustrates the various stages according to the present invention on the basis of an example.
  • biomass, steam and energy are supplied in order in this way to gasify the biomass.
  • the energy is stored in the auxiliary medium originating from block 4.
  • Steam is supplied in order to produce a fluidized bed and in order to promote the gasification.
  • the combustible solid fraction of product discharge stream originating from block 5 is burned.
  • the auxiliary medium such as sand, is also present in this product stream and is heated in the process. The combustion takes place with air being supplied, and flue gas is released.
  • blocks 3 and 4 there is a block 5, where tar reduction takes place.
  • Subjecting the product stream originating from block 3 to a temperature of approximately 850°C for at least one second causes tar which is present to break down into less harmful substances. These less harmful substances are discharged for beneficial use together with the product gas which is formed during the gasification.
  • the residence time required is determined by the component in the product stream and the intensity with which carbon-containing material and tar- containing gas are in contact.
  • Fig. 2 shows an exemplary embodiment of a device which can be used to implement the method according to the invention.
  • This device is denoted overall by 1 and comprises a single reaction chamber 3 which is provided with insulation (not shown in more detail). Within this housing 2, a number of chambers are delimited.
  • the first reaction chamber is denoted by 3. As can be seen from the cross section III-III from Fig. 2, this is a single tube.
  • the housing 2 is closed off by a screen plate 15 through which gas but no material can pass. Steam is fed to the first reaction chamber 3 via inlet 8.
  • biomass is fed to the reaction chamber 3 via inlet 9, and auxiliary medium which is at a high temperature, such as sand, is fed to the reaction chamber 3 via inlet 11.
  • the auxiliary medium is moved upwards via inlet 11 and, at inlet 9, comes into contact with the biomass, which is gasified as a result of the high temperature of the auxiliary medium (approximately 900°C).
  • the product stream then passes into reaction space 5.
  • the residence time in chamber 5 is approximately 1-4 seconds.
  • the temperature is approximately 850°C.
  • Various mechanisms can be used to make tar which is formed in reaction chamber 3 harmless during the relatively long residence time, i.e. to prevent tar from being entrained with the product gas.
  • the method described above has the advantage that the nitrogen present in the air introduced at inlet 14 is discharged via the outlet 13 for flue gas. Consequently, the calorific value of the product gas obtained at outlet 6 does not decrease, and the possible applications are widened.
  • the calorific value is approximately twice as high, i.e. approximately 15 MJ/m n 3 . It has been found that the present invention makes it particularly easy to achieve a stable equilibrium.
  • the invention enables tar emissions to be greatly restricted and the efficiency of the gasification of biomass to be increased considerably, and the health risks can be limited since there is no need to handle various types of tar which are released.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Industrial Gases (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)

Abstract

Procédé et dispositif servant à gazéifier une biomasse à deux niveaux. Au premier niveau, on expose la biomasse mélangée à un niveau auxiliaire à une température élevée. Ceci permet de libérer des gaz combustibles, ainsi qu'un mélange ou milieu auxiliaire et un matériau de type charbon. On soumet ce dernier à une combustion. On alimente le premier niveau en chaleur libérée par le processus précédent. Un niveau intermédiaire consiste à séparer le goudron éventuel du flux de gaz de production et à mettre en application le produit intermédiaire, à savoir le matériau de type charbon.
PCT/NL2001/000761 2000-10-16 2001-10-16 Procede et dispositif servant a gazeifier une biomasse WO2002033030A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU2002214394A AU2002214394A1 (en) 2000-10-16 2001-10-16 Method and device for gasifying biomass

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NL1016411 2000-10-16
NL1016411A NL1016411C2 (nl) 2000-10-16 2000-10-16 Werkwijze en inrichting voor het vergassen van biomassa.

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2002033030A1 true WO2002033030A1 (fr) 2002-04-25

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ID=19772250

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/NL2001/000761 WO2002033030A1 (fr) 2000-10-16 2001-10-16 Procede et dispositif servant a gazeifier une biomasse

Country Status (3)

Country Link
AU (1) AU2002214394A1 (fr)
NL (1) NL1016411C2 (fr)
WO (1) WO2002033030A1 (fr)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
NL2000520C2 (nl) * 2007-03-05 2008-09-08 Stichting Energie Inrichting voor het vervaardigen van een productgas uit een brandstof, zoals biomassa.
US8740675B2 (en) 2009-12-25 2014-06-03 3M Innovative Properties Company Method of making a grinding disk and a grinding disk
CN105482853A (zh) * 2015-12-31 2016-04-13 浙江久凡新能源科技股份有限公司 生物质气化炉
US9764449B2 (en) 2014-05-29 2017-09-19 Saint-Gobain Abrasives, Inc. Abrasive article having a core including a polymer material

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0239589A1 (fr) * 1985-09-20 1987-10-07 Battelle Development Corp Gazeificateur de biomasse a faible vitesse du gaz d'admission et a debit eleve.
US4799937A (en) * 1986-01-22 1989-01-24 A. Ahlstrom Corp. Method and apparatus for gasifying carbonaceous material

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0239589A1 (fr) * 1985-09-20 1987-10-07 Battelle Development Corp Gazeificateur de biomasse a faible vitesse du gaz d'admission et a debit eleve.
US4799937A (en) * 1986-01-22 1989-01-24 A. Ahlstrom Corp. Method and apparatus for gasifying carbonaceous material

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
NL2000520C2 (nl) * 2007-03-05 2008-09-08 Stichting Energie Inrichting voor het vervaardigen van een productgas uit een brandstof, zoals biomassa.
WO2008108644A1 (fr) * 2007-03-05 2008-09-12 Stichting Energieonderzoek Centrum Nederland Dispositif de production d'un gay de produit à partir d'un combustible, tel que la biomasse
US8197764B2 (en) 2007-03-05 2012-06-12 Stichting Energieonderzoek Centrum Nederland Device for producing a product gas from a fuel, such as biomass
US8740675B2 (en) 2009-12-25 2014-06-03 3M Innovative Properties Company Method of making a grinding disk and a grinding disk
US9764449B2 (en) 2014-05-29 2017-09-19 Saint-Gobain Abrasives, Inc. Abrasive article having a core including a polymer material
US10213903B2 (en) 2014-05-29 2019-02-26 Saint-Gobain Abrasives, Inc. Abrasive article having a core including a polymer material
CN105482853A (zh) * 2015-12-31 2016-04-13 浙江久凡新能源科技股份有限公司 生物质气化炉

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AU2002214394A1 (en) 2002-04-29
NL1016411C2 (nl) 2002-04-18

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