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WO2002030174A2 - Unite de distribution d'energie a systeme dynamique tournant - Google Patents

Unite de distribution d'energie a systeme dynamique tournant Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2002030174A2
WO2002030174A2 PCT/US2001/031313 US0131313W WO0230174A2 WO 2002030174 A2 WO2002030174 A2 WO 2002030174A2 US 0131313 W US0131313 W US 0131313W WO 0230174 A2 WO0230174 A2 WO 0230174A2
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
power
motor generator
synchronous motor
distribution unit
mechanical switch
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US2001/031313
Other languages
English (en)
Other versions
WO2002030174A3 (fr
Inventor
Thomas De Vries
Original Assignee
Ge Edg, Inc.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Ge Edg, Inc. filed Critical Ge Edg, Inc.
Priority to JP2002533627A priority Critical patent/JP3927907B2/ja
Priority to AU2002211486A priority patent/AU2002211486A1/en
Priority to EP01979538A priority patent/EP1327292A2/fr
Publication of WO2002030174A2 publication Critical patent/WO2002030174A2/fr
Publication of WO2002030174A3 publication Critical patent/WO2002030174A3/fr

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J9/00—Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting
    • H02J9/04—Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting in which the distribution system is disconnected from the normal source and connected to a standby source
    • H02J9/06—Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting in which the distribution system is disconnected from the normal source and connected to a standby source with automatic change-over, e.g. UPS systems
    • H02J9/066—Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting in which the distribution system is disconnected from the normal source and connected to a standby source with automatic change-over, e.g. UPS systems characterised by the use of dynamo-electric machines

Definitions

  • the present invention relates generally to power switching systems and, more particularly, to highly reliable sub-cycle power switching and distribution systems capable of supporting loads sensitive to power interruptions.
  • UPS uninterruptable power source
  • the transformer converts the voltage from the 480-Volts UPS power output to 208/120-Volts required for the computer equipment. If the static switch is installed ahead of the transformation, only one transformer is required; if the static switch is installed after transformation, two transformers are required.
  • STS static transfer switch
  • SCR silicon-controlled rectifier
  • a typical mean-time-between-failure ( TBF) for a STS is 400,000 hours. Although seemingly a long time, as the number of STSs installed at a site increases, the overall reliability of the site decreases proportionally. For example, a site with twenty STSs will have a system wide MTBF of approximately 20,000 hours (slightly less than two and one-half years). A larger data center containing 50 or more will have a MTBF of less than one year. For modem data centers, which are designed to operate 24 hours a day, every day of the year, this is a meaningful failure rate.
  • Systems and methods consistent with the principles of the present invention address the need identified above by providing an improved power distribution unit for supplying electrical power to mission critical devices that demand continuous power.
  • One aspect of the present invention is a power distribution unit comprising a plurality of elements.
  • the elements include: a synchronous motor generator, first and second mechanical switches, and a transfer logic circuit configured to monitor normal and alternate input power sources and to reverse switching states of the first and second mechanical switches when the transfer logic circuit detects a defect in the normal power source such that the first mechanical switch is opened and the second mechanical switch is closed.
  • Fig. 1 is a circuit diagram illustrating the components of a power distribution unit consistent with the present invention.
  • Fig. 2 is a diagram illustrating a physical layout of the power distribution unit.
  • a power distribution unit provides power to end loads, such as critical computer systems.
  • the PDU receives a primary and a secondary source of power and is able to switch to the secondary source of power when there is a problem with the primary source of power.
  • the power transfer is done transparently to the end loads so that the end loads continue to operate as if the power was never interrupted.
  • the PDU uses rotary technology in the form of a synchronous motor generator set, including a flywheel, to provide "ride-through" during power transfers.
  • Fig. 1 is a single line diagram illustrating the components of the power distribution unit (PDU) consistent with the present invention.
  • PDU 100 receives input power through two independent power sources, labeled as normal power source "A” 101 and alternate power source “B” 102.
  • the input power is transmitted through one of the two 400-Amp circuit breakers 105 and 106.
  • Power from sources 101 and 102 is normally 480-Volt power.
  • Contactors 111 and 112 are standard three-pole mechanical switches that are operated by an electric signal under the control of transfer logic 110.
  • the line sides of contactors 111 and 112 are connected to the power supply and the load side to the motor generator 115.
  • transfer logic 110 controls contactors 111 and 112 to switch to alternate power source 102.
  • Transfer logic 110 bases its control on information input from sensing devices.
  • current transformers (CT) 140 and potential transformers (PT) 141 are located ahead of contactors 111 and 112 and at the output of generator 121 to: (a) sense a power failure at normal input 101 or alternate input 102, and (b) locate an undervoltage or over current anomaly ahead of the inputs 101 and/or 102 and/or after the output of generator 121.
  • Synchronous motor generator 115 is indicated in Fig. 1 by the dashed lines surrounding components 116-122.
  • Components 116-122 include: contactors 116 and 117, start/run logic 118, pony start motor 119, synchronous motor 120, generator 121 , and flywheel 122.
  • the motor generator 115 performs two functions in PDU 100: (1) it transforms the 480-Volt input power to the 280/120- Volt power typically required by the loads, and (2) it provides transparent ride-through during transfer from normal power source 101 to alternate power source 102 (or vice-versa).
  • step-down transformer 125 power from the active power source is routed through step-down transformer 125 using bypass control circuitry 126, which actuates circuit breakers 127 and 128 to pass power from either motor generator 115 or transformer 25.
  • Transformer 125 like synchronous motor generator 115, converts the input power to the 208/120-Volt power used at the output. Transformer 125, however, is not capable of continuing to supply stable power during a power failure.
  • Circuit breakers 130 Power from either motor generator 115 or transformer 120 is eventually passed through circuit breakers 130, which leads to circuit distribution panels through which the load devices are connected.
  • the circuit distribution panels may be, for example, 225-Amp, three-pole, four-wire, 42 circuit distribution panels.
  • Normal Operation Normal operation of PDU 100 will now be described. In normal operation, power from normal power source 101 flows through circuit breaker 105 and to contactor switch 111. Contactor switch 111 is closed, which allows the power to pass to synchronous motor generator 115. Contactor 112, conversely, is open, thus shutting off any power from alternate power source 102 to motor generator 115. Circuit breakers 107 and 108 are preferably set open at this time, as bypass transformer 125 is not being used.
  • contactor 116 is open and contactor 117 is closed, allowing the input power to flow to motor 120 which, in turn, spins generator 121.
  • Motor 120 and generator 121 when connected as shown in Fig. 1, transform the 480-Volt input power to 280/120-Volt output power, which is supplied, through circuit breaker 128 and circuit breakers 130, to the output circuit distribution panels and the end loads. Since the connection between motor 120 and generator 121 is mechanical, complete electrical isolation is present between the electrical power input to the motor and the power output of the generator to the critical computer equipment loads.
  • Flywheel 122 provides short term backup power to generator 121 in the event of an interruption of the generator's input power.
  • Flywheels are well known in the art. In general, flywheels store energy as mechanical kinetic energy through the rotation of the flywheel. If power to generator 121 is cut-off, the kinetic energy of the rotating flywheel is converted into electrical energy by generator 121 until a stable supply of power is brought on-line.
  • a Power Transfer Transfer logic circuit 110 through current transfer 140 and potential transformer 141, monitors the input power sources for defects.
  • a power defect such as a break or drop-off in the supplied power
  • transfer logic 110 begins the process of switching to alternate power supply 102 by opening contactor switch 111 and simultaneously closing contactor switch 112.
  • a feature of three-pole mechanical contactors is that it takes longer to close a contactor, and thus create an electrical circuit, then it does to open a contactor, and thus break the electrical circuit. Accordingly, when the electrical signal is issued from transfer logic 110 to open contactor 111 and close contactor 112, contactor 111 will open before contactor 112, thus ensuring electrical isolation between power supplies 101 and 102.
  • contactors 111 and 112 are as a three- pole, 400-Amp contactor. Such contactors are available commercially from a number of companies, such as General Electric Corporation.
  • the contactors have a "pick-up” (PU) time (i.e., elapsed time to close) of 110 to 115 milliseconds and a “drop-out” (DO) time (i.e., elapsed time to open) of 70 to 80 milli-seconds.
  • the PU and DO are measured from the energizing or de- energizing respectively, of the operating coil to the completed operation of the contactor armature.
  • transfer logic circuit 110 de-energizes the coil of one contactor while simultaneously energizing the coil of the second contactor, at the minimum, 30 milli-seconds will elapse between opening and closing of the contactors, thus ensuring power source isolation.
  • Transfer logic 110 is constructed so that it is not sensitive to undervoltage or over current conditions downstream of the system; only for an undervoltage, or single-phase condition, upstream of the contactor switches 111 and 112.
  • the break in power caused by the time delay before alternate power source 102 is switched over to motor generator 115 may cause synchronous motor 120 to lose synchronization with its input power.
  • Pony motor 119 is used to re-synchronize motor 120.
  • Start/run logic 118 closes contactor 116 when it senses that motor 119 has lost synchronization, thus supplying power to pony motor 119, which in turn re-synchronizes motor 120 with the input power. At this point, start/run logic 118 opens contactor 116, removing the power supply to pony motor 119.
  • flywheel 122 supplies generator 121 with energy so that generator 121 can continue to supply the end loads with useable power. From the viewpoint of the end loads, power was never interrupted.
  • the frequency of the generator 121 which normally produces power at 60 Hertz, may decay to approximately 59.5 Hertz. This decay lasts for about 6 Hertz (one tenth of a second), until the alternate power source is brought on-line and the motor 120 is re-synchronized. The frequency is restored back to normal within an additional one quarter second, and should never drop below the minimum input requirements for the loads (e.g., computer equipment).
  • PDU 100 causes no power interruption.
  • Generator 121 continues to produce power during the power outage, with typical voltage fluctuations of approximately only 1 volt.
  • Motor generator 115 may be manually removed from the electrical circuit of Fig. 1 for maintenance or inspection.
  • circuit breakers 105, 106, and 128, when opened, will electrically isolate motor generator 115 from the system.
  • power is routed via circuit breaker 107 or 108 to transformer 125.
  • Transformer 125 may be a delta-wye type step-down transformer, that transforms the input 480-volt power to the output 208/120 volt power.
  • Bypass control circuitry 126 controls the switching from motor generator 115 to transformer 127.
  • Delta-wye transformers insert a phase shift between the input and output voltage (e.g., 30 degree phase shift).
  • transformer 125 is a delta-wye transformer
  • a phase shift should also be inserted in the output of motor generator 115 to match the output of the transformer.
  • FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating the physical layout of PDU 100. As shown, the proposed PDU package is 82 inches high and 210 inches long. The PDU may be 38" deep. These sizes are exemplary; one of ordinary skill will recognize that other equivalent PDUs could be constructed in other dimensions. Generally, PDU 100 is installed internally in a building and proximate to the end loads.
  • Synchronous motor generators such as synchronous motor generator 115, are known in the art.
  • One potential manufacturer of such motor generators is Kato Manufacturing, of Mankato, Minnesota.
  • the Kato motor generator may be modified with a non-standard winding to introduce a phase shift, if such a shift is required to match a phase shift introduced by the transformer 125.
  • the PDU uses an internal backup energy source, such as a flywheel, to ensure nearly transparent transfer from the primary power supply to the secondary power supply during a power failure. Moreover, the PDU does not rely on solid- state static transfer switches, thus providing more reliable operation, and can be constructed primarily from readily available off-the-shelf parts.
  • an internal backup energy source such as a flywheel

Landscapes

  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Emergency Management (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Stand-By Power Supply Arrangements (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne une unité de distribution d'énergie fournissant de l'énergie à des charges d'extrémité telles que des systèmes informatiques critiques. L'unité de distribution d'énergie reçoit de l'énergie provenant d'une source primaire et d'une source secondaire et peut commuter sur la source secondaire d'énergie lorsqu'il y a un problème avec la source primaire d'énergie. L'unité de distribution d'énergie stocke de l'énergie dans un dispositif tel qu'un volant, de façon que si une source d'énergie est défaillante, l'unité puisse continuer à distribuer une énergie de qualité élevée à ses charges pendant que la source d'énergie alternative est amenée en ligne. Une paire de commutateurs tripolaires permet de commander l'utilisation de la source d'énergie primaire ou d'une autre source d'énergie. Un générateur moteur standard est relié à la sortie des commutateurs et il est utilisé afin de transformer l'énergie entrante et de restituer l'énergie stockée lors d'une commutation entre les sources d'énergie primaire et secondaire.
PCT/US2001/031313 2000-10-04 2001-10-04 Unite de distribution d'energie a systeme dynamique tournant WO2002030174A2 (fr)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP2002533627A JP3927907B2 (ja) 2000-10-04 2001-10-04 ロータリダイナミックシステム電力分配器
AU2002211486A AU2002211486A1 (en) 2000-10-04 2001-10-04 Rotary dynamic system power distribution unit
EP01979538A EP1327292A2 (fr) 2000-10-04 2001-10-04 Unite de distribution d'energie a systeme dynamique tournant

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US67867700A 2000-10-04 2000-10-04
US09/678,677 2000-10-04

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2002030174A2 true WO2002030174A2 (fr) 2002-04-18
WO2002030174A3 WO2002030174A3 (fr) 2002-10-24

Family

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/US2001/031313 WO2002030174A2 (fr) 2000-10-04 2001-10-04 Unite de distribution d'energie a systeme dynamique tournant

Country Status (4)

Country Link
EP (1) EP1327292A2 (fr)
JP (1) JP3927907B2 (fr)
AU (1) AU2002211486A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2002030174A2 (fr)

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4761563A (en) * 1987-10-27 1988-08-02 International Business Machines Corporation Asynchronous multiphase switching gear
JP3322060B2 (ja) * 1995-03-23 2002-09-09 株式会社日立製作所 発電プラント及び発電プラントの制御装置
TR200003395T2 (tr) * 1998-05-19 2001-03-21 Sure Power Corporation Enerji sistemi.
US6191500B1 (en) * 1998-11-06 2001-02-20 Kling Lindquist Partnership, Inc. System and method for providing an uninterruptible power supply to a critical load

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JP2004511199A (ja) 2004-04-08
EP1327292A2 (fr) 2003-07-16
WO2002030174A3 (fr) 2002-10-24
JP3927907B2 (ja) 2007-06-13
AU2002211486A1 (en) 2002-04-22

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