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WO2002019269A2 - Procede de codage et de decodage de filigranes associes a une image - Google Patents

Procede de codage et de decodage de filigranes associes a une image Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2002019269A2
WO2002019269A2 PCT/CA2001/001146 CA0101146W WO0219269A2 WO 2002019269 A2 WO2002019269 A2 WO 2002019269A2 CA 0101146 W CA0101146 W CA 0101146W WO 0219269 A2 WO0219269 A2 WO 0219269A2
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
coefficients
function
decoding
watermark
embedding
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CA2001/001146
Other languages
English (en)
Other versions
WO2002019269A3 (fr
Inventor
Shelby Pereira
Original Assignee
Shelby Pereira
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Shelby Pereira filed Critical Shelby Pereira
Publication of WO2002019269A2 publication Critical patent/WO2002019269A2/fr
Publication of WO2002019269A3 publication Critical patent/WO2002019269A3/fr

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
    • G06T1/00—General purpose image data processing
    • G06T1/0021—Image watermarking
    • G06T1/0028—Adaptive watermarking, e.g. Human Visual System [HVS]-based watermarking

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to methods of generating and decoding watermarks in images according to the preamble of the independent claims.
  • the present invention relates to methods of generating and decoding image dependent watermarks in a novel way which simultaneously addresses one or more critical problems not solved by current methods .
  • the third requirement is that the watermark be able to carry a certain amount of information i.e. capacity.
  • a typical watermark should be able to carry at least 60-100 bits of information.
  • few publications deal with 60 or more bits.
  • Watermarking methods can be divided into two broad categories: spatial domain methods such as (Bender, Gruhl & Morimoto 1996, Pitas 1996) and transform domain methods which have for the most part focused on DCT (Podilchuk & Zeng 1998, Barni et al. 1998), DFT (Pereira & Pun 1999, Barni, Bartolini, Rosa & Piva 1999) and most recently wavelet domain methods (Podilchuk & Zeng 1998, Barni, Bartolini, Cappellini, Lippi & Piva 19999, Zhu, Xiong & Zhang 1999) .
  • Transform domain methods have several advantages over spatial domain methods.
  • sub-optimal spatial domain modulation is applied to reduce visibility.
  • the watermark is not image dependent and in particular does not resist against the watermark copy attack which estimates the watermark from one image and adds it to another.
  • the invention consists of formulating the problem as a constrained optimized problem, in which the optimization takes place over the watermarking domain with constraints on visibility posed in (possibly) another domain. Furthermore, the image is not treated as noise, but as a sequence of known values which leads to a much better performance.
  • a coding scheme in which coding 1 or more bits depends explicitly on the values of one or more transform or spatial domain coefficients. Since these coefficient vary from image to image, copying of the watermark will not result in a successful detection. In fact this coding scheme renders the watermark non-additive which is essential in resisting the copy attack. The non-additive and highly adaptive nature also makes the watermark extremely robust.
  • the present method is suited for watermarking still images or video data or music signals. While the primary goal of watermarking is copyright protection, the method is also suited for other applications such as steganography where we are interested in embedding information in a medium.
  • ⁇ can be computed in either a transform domain or the spatial domain by noise visibility functions NVF as proposed by Voloshynovskiy (Voloshynovskiy, Herrigel, Baumgaertner & Pun 1999) or other visual models such as those proposed by Osberger (Osberger, Bergmann & Maeder 1998) or Podilchuk (Podilchuk & Zeng 1998) .
  • the function V can be a complex function of texture, luminance, contrast, frequency and patterns.
  • M is the number of bits in the message.
  • error correction codes such as BCH or turbo codes
  • each 8X8 DCT block we embed N ⁇ bits from m c .
  • m-j_ we select 2 coefficients ci and C2 based on a key, in which we will embed the information bit.
  • each coefficient in a block should only be used once so that in general it is understood that for a different ⁇ y ⁇ c and C2 are different.
  • C]_ and c2 do not change more than the allowed ⁇ j ⁇ j for the coefficient as determined by the function V(J) .
  • the maximization and minimization may be inverted at embedding.
  • the compensation at decoding is straightforward. Once the coefficients have been modified in the DCT domain, the inverse DCT block by block is computed to obtain the watermarked image in the spatial domain.
  • table 1 associates pairs of bits with a given function which in this embodiment is just the absolute value of the difference between 2 coefficients . If we would like to encode 00 we would maximize ⁇ c -C2 ⁇ and minimize
  • LDPC low density parity check codes
  • the DCT domain has been used, however any other domain may also be used for the embedding.
  • the local mean would first be removed. Although this is not necessary, if we do this, we obtain coefficients whose expected value is 0. This is the case for most transform domains since the mean is represented by one coefficient in a given block.
  • the coefficients representing the local means are contained in the lowest subband. Using zero mean coefficients considerably simplifies the embedding since the mean must no longer be accounted for at decoding.
  • a synchronization pattern can be added to the watermark.
  • the synchronizing pattern is searched for. If the image has undergone geometrical transformations, these are compensated for and then the watermark is decoded.
  • An example of a synchronization pattern commonly used is a set of peaks in the Fourier transform domain as done in (Pereira & Pun 1999) . Consequently in all the embodiments, it is to be understood that synchronization patterns can be done with little or no effect on the watermark itself since the energy used in the pattern is typically much less than the energy of the watermark.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
  • Editing Of Facsimile Originals (AREA)
  • Image Processing (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé permettant de générer des filigranes associés à des signaux. Ce procédé se base sur une nouvelle technique de codage basée sur l'utilisation de valeurs absolues associant le filigrane à une image. L'invention concerne divers modes de réalisation dans lesquels un bit ou un groupe de plusieurs bits sont codés à l'aide d'une fonction contenant un ou plusieurs niveaux de valeur absolue. Le décodage est simple et consiste à calculer la fonction utilisée dans l'intégration et à la comparer à un seuil afin de déterminer si un 1 ou un 0 ont été intégrés. Ce procédé est utilisé, en particulier, avec des images et des images vidéo individuelles mais peut facilement s'appliquer à un quelconque signal numérique, y compris des signaux audio.
PCT/CA2001/001146 2000-08-28 2001-08-14 Procede de codage et de decodage de filigranes associes a une image WO2002019269A2 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US64842400A 2000-08-28 2000-08-28
US09/648,424 2000-08-28

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2002019269A2 true WO2002019269A2 (fr) 2002-03-07
WO2002019269A3 WO2002019269A3 (fr) 2002-05-02

Family

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/CA2001/001146 WO2002019269A2 (fr) 2000-08-28 2001-08-14 Procede de codage et de decodage de filigranes associes a une image

Country Status (1)

Country Link
WO (1) WO2002019269A2 (fr)

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6763122B1 (en) 1999-11-05 2004-07-13 Tony Rodriguez Watermarking an image in color plane separations and detecting such watermarks
US6763124B2 (en) 2000-04-19 2004-07-13 Digimarc Corporation Embedding digital watermarks in spot colors
US6993149B2 (en) 2001-09-25 2006-01-31 Digimarc Corporation Embedding digital watermarks in spot colors
US7072487B2 (en) 2001-01-26 2006-07-04 Digimarc Corporation Watermark detection using adaptive color projections
US7321667B2 (en) 2002-01-18 2008-01-22 Digimarc Corporation Data hiding through arrangement of objects
US20120131140A1 (en) * 1999-05-19 2012-05-24 Rhoads Geoffrey B Fingerprints and machine-readable codes combined with user characteristics to obtain content or information
US8606715B2 (en) 2000-05-01 2013-12-10 Digimarc Corporation Systems and methods facilitating communication with remote computers
US9940685B2 (en) 2000-04-19 2018-04-10 Digimarc Corporation Digital watermarking in data representing color channels

Families Citing this family (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6912295B2 (en) 2000-04-19 2005-06-28 Digimarc Corporation Enhancing embedding of out-of-phase signals
US7027614B2 (en) 2000-04-19 2006-04-11 Digimarc Corporation Hiding information to reduce or offset perceptible artifacts
US6891959B2 (en) 2000-04-19 2005-05-10 Digimarc Corporation Hiding information out-of-phase in color channels
US7213757B2 (en) 2001-08-31 2007-05-08 Digimarc Corporation Emerging security features for identification documents
US7537170B2 (en) 2001-08-31 2009-05-26 Digimarc Corporation Machine-readable security features for printed objects
US8199969B2 (en) 2008-12-17 2012-06-12 Digimarc Corporation Out of phase digital watermarking in two chrominance directions
US9117268B2 (en) 2008-12-17 2015-08-25 Digimarc Corporation Out of phase digital watermarking in two chrominance directions

Non-Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
MUKHERJEE D ET AL: "A SOURCE AND CHANNEL CODING APPROACH TO DATA HIDING WITH APPLICATION TO HIDING SPEECH IN VIDEO" PROCEEDINGS OF THE 1998 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON IMAGE PROCESSING. ICIP '98. CHICAGO, IL, OCT. 4 - 7, 1998, INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON IMAGE PROCESSING, LOS ALAMITOS, CA: IEEE COMPUTER SOC, US, vol. 1 CONF. 5, October 1998 (1998-10), pages 348-352, XP000668952 ISBN: 0-8186-8822-X *
SERVETTO S D ET AL: "CAPACITY ISSUES IN DIGITAL IMAGE WATERMARKING" PROCEEDINGS OF THE 1998 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON IMAGE PROCESSING. ICIP '98. CHICAGO, IL, OCT. 4 - 7, 1998, INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON IMAGE PROCESSING, LOS ALAMITOS, CA: IEEE COMPUTER SOC, US, vol. 1 CONF. 5, 4 October 1998 (1998-10-04), pages 445-449, XP000953823 ISBN: 0-8186-8822-X *

Cited By (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US8543661B2 (en) * 1999-05-19 2013-09-24 Digimarc Corporation Fingerprints and machine-readable codes combined with user characteristics to obtain content or information
US20120131140A1 (en) * 1999-05-19 2012-05-24 Rhoads Geoffrey B Fingerprints and machine-readable codes combined with user characteristics to obtain content or information
US6763122B1 (en) 1999-11-05 2004-07-13 Tony Rodriguez Watermarking an image in color plane separations and detecting such watermarks
US6763124B2 (en) 2000-04-19 2004-07-13 Digimarc Corporation Embedding digital watermarks in spot colors
US9940685B2 (en) 2000-04-19 2018-04-10 Digimarc Corporation Digital watermarking in data representing color channels
US8606715B2 (en) 2000-05-01 2013-12-10 Digimarc Corporation Systems and methods facilitating communication with remote computers
US7072487B2 (en) 2001-01-26 2006-07-04 Digimarc Corporation Watermark detection using adaptive color projections
US7995790B2 (en) 2001-01-26 2011-08-09 Digimarc Corporation Digital watermark detection using predetermined color projections
US6993149B2 (en) 2001-09-25 2006-01-31 Digimarc Corporation Embedding digital watermarks in spot colors
US7831062B2 (en) 2002-01-18 2010-11-09 Digimarc Corporation Arrangement of objects in images or graphics to convey a machine-readable signal
US8515121B2 (en) 2002-01-18 2013-08-20 Digimarc Corporation Arrangement of objects in images or graphics to convey a machine-readable signal
US7532741B2 (en) 2002-01-18 2009-05-12 Digimarc Corporation Data hiding in media
US7321667B2 (en) 2002-01-18 2008-01-22 Digimarc Corporation Data hiding through arrangement of objects

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