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WO2002013366A1 - Appareil de conversion d'energie provenant de rayons solaires - Google Patents

Appareil de conversion d'energie provenant de rayons solaires Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2002013366A1
WO2002013366A1 PCT/JP2001/003715 JP0103715W WO0213366A1 WO 2002013366 A1 WO2002013366 A1 WO 2002013366A1 JP 0103715 W JP0103715 W JP 0103715W WO 0213366 A1 WO0213366 A1 WO 0213366A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
electrode
electron
solar energy
conversion device
energy conversion
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/JP2001/003715
Other languages
English (en)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
Norio Akamatsu
Original Assignee
Norio Akamatsu
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Norio Akamatsu filed Critical Norio Akamatsu
Priority to AU2001252643A priority Critical patent/AU2001252643A1/en
Priority to IL14838901A priority patent/IL148389A0/xx
Priority to KR1020027002934A priority patent/KR20020029942A/ko
Priority to AU2001269450A priority patent/AU2001269450A1/en
Priority to US09/959,972 priority patent/US6653547B2/en
Priority to JP2002518608A priority patent/JP3449623B2/ja
Priority to CA002385530A priority patent/CA2385530A1/fr
Priority to EP01947843A priority patent/EP1315278A4/fr
Priority to CN01802319A priority patent/CN1386317A/zh
Priority to PCT/JP2001/005836 priority patent/WO2002013367A1/fr
Publication of WO2002013366A1 publication Critical patent/WO2002013366A1/fr

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02N—ELECTRIC MACHINES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H02N3/00—Generators in which thermal or kinetic energy is converted into electrical energy by ionisation of a fluid and removal of the charge therefrom
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
    • H02S99/00—Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
    • B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
    • B82Y40/00—Manufacture or treatment of nanostructures
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a solar energy conversion device that converts light energy emitted from the sun into electric energy.
  • a solar cell mainly composed of a semiconductor is generally known.
  • the available light wavelength is centered around blue at 400 nm to 450 nm.
  • the sunlight that can be used by conventional solar cells is only a part of the spectrum of light that is poured from the sun, and most of visible light and infrared light from green to red can be converted to electric energy.
  • many researchers have improved the efficiency of solar cells, but the efficiency of solar cells remains below 20%.
  • the method and device for converting solar energy into electric energy using solar cells cannot be said to satisfy the conditions that the above-described method and device for converting solar energy into electric energy should have. That is the current situation.
  • An object of the present invention is to convert energy of a wavelength corresponding to more spectrum of solar rays, that is, energy in a wavelength region of sunlight that is not used by a conventional solar cell, into electric energy. By doing so, it is possible to provide a solar energy conversion device that is more efficient, cheaper, and has no adverse effects on the environment. Disclosure of the invention
  • the gist of the invention is to provide a solar energy conversion device.
  • the electron-emitting electrode is an electrode that emits thermoelectrons, and is usually a material (barium oxide, barium oxide, etc.) that easily emits thermoelectrons to a metal with high electron-emitting ability (tungsten, tantalum, scandium, iridium, etc.).
  • Compounds such as iridium oxide, strontium carbonate, iridium and scandium) are obtained by impregnation or coating, and emit thermal electrons when the temperature is increased.
  • the emitted thermoelectrons are received and collected by the electron collection electrode, and the solar energy is converted into electrical energy by the emission of thermoelectrons.
  • a heating plate arranged in a vacuum vessel and irradiated with sunlight collected by the light-collecting device
  • An electron emission electrode that is disposed in the vacuum vessel so as to be thermally coupled to the heating plate, and that emits electrons in a vacuum when the temperature of the heating plate rises as the temperature of the heating plate rises;
  • An electron acceleration electrode disposed to face the emission electrode, a minus terminal connected to the electron emission electrode, and a plus terminal connected to the electron acceleration electrode
  • An electron acceleration power supply to which is connected
  • a deflecting device disposed in the vacuum vessel, for bending a trajectory of an electron flying between the electron emission electrode and the electron acceleration electrode;
  • an electron collecting electrode for collecting flying electrons whose trajectory has been bent by the deflecting device.
  • the electron collection electrode is a negative electrode
  • the electron emission electrode is a positive electrode, so that the electrons of the electron emission electrode are moved to generate electricity.
  • a solar energy conversion device is the solar energy conversion device according to the first aspect, wherein the deflection device includes one of a deflection magnet and an electrostatic deflection electrode. It is assumed that.
  • the solar energy conversion device is the solar energy conversion device according to the first or second aspect, wherein the surface of the electron collection electrode has metal fibers, or a mesh-like or lattice-like metal.
  • An electron capture portion configured by a line and capturing the flying electrons is formed.
  • a solar energy conversion device includes: a light concentrator that collects sunlight;
  • a heating plate arranged in a vacuum vessel and irradiated with sunlight collected by the light-collecting device
  • An electron emission electrode that is disposed in the vacuum vessel in combination with the heating plate, and that emits electrons in a vacuum when the temperature rises with the temperature of the heating plate; and the electron emission electrode in the vacuum vessel.
  • An electron accelerating electrode arranged to face the electron accelerating power source, wherein a negative terminal is connected to the electron emitting electrode, and a positive terminal is connected to the electron accelerating electrode;
  • An electron collection electrode provided between the electron emission electrode and the electron acceleration electrode, for collecting flying electrons emitted from the electron emission electrode.
  • the electron collection electrode is made of a metal fiber or a mesh-like or lattice-like metal wire,
  • the electron collection electrode is a negative electrode
  • the electron emission electrode is a positive electrode, so that the electrons of the electron emission electrode are moved to generate electricity.
  • a solar energy conversion device includes: a light collecting device that collects sunlight;
  • a heating plate arranged in a vacuum vessel and irradiated with sunlight collected by the light-collecting device
  • An electron emission electrode that is disposed in the vacuum vessel in combination with the heating plate, and that emits electrons in a vacuum when the temperature rises with the temperature of the heating plate; and the electron emission electrode in the vacuum vessel.
  • An electron accelerating electrode arranged to face the electron accelerating power source, wherein a negative terminal is connected to the electron emitting electrode, and a positive terminal is connected to the electron accelerating electrode;
  • An electron collection electrode provided between the electron emission electrode and the electron acceleration electrode, for collecting flying electrons emitted from the electron emission electrode.
  • the electron accelerating electrode and the electron collecting electrode are electrically insulated from each other, and the electrons of the electron emitting electrode are moved by using the electron collecting electrode as a negative electrode and the electron emitting electrode as a positive electrode. It is characterized in that it is configured to generate electricity by using
  • the solar energy conversion device is the solar energy conversion device according to any one of the first to fifth aspects, wherein the electron emission electrode is at least one of iridium, scandium, and barium. It is characterized by containing or attaching a compound containing any one of them.
  • the solar energy conversion device is the solar energy conversion device according to any one of the first to sixth aspects, wherein the condensing device is a lens or a concave. It is characterized by including any one of a surface mirror.
  • the solar energy conversion device is the solar energy conversion device according to any one of the first to seventh aspects, wherein the electron collection electrode is made of stainless steel, a molybdenum compound, and a tungsten compound. It is characterized by comprising any one of the following.
  • a solar energy converter according to a ninth aspect of the present invention is the solar energy converter according to any one of the first to eighth aspects, wherein at least one of the heating plate or the electron collection electrode is a black body. It is characterized by having been subjected to a dani processing.
  • the solar energy converter according to a tenth aspect of the present invention is the solar energy converter according to any one of the first to ninth aspects, wherein the flying electrons that collide with the electron collecting electrode are the electrons.
  • An electron re-emission preventing portion for preventing re-emission from the collecting electrode is formed.
  • the solar energy conversion device is the solar energy conversion device according to any one of the first to tenth aspects, wherein the electron collection electrode is bent toward the electron emission electrode. And forming a recess opening on the electron emission electrode side.
  • the solar energy conversion device is the solar energy conversion device according to any one of the first to eleventh aspects, wherein: It is characterized by forming a sunlight passage window through which sunlight condensed by the optical device passes.
  • a solar energy converter according to a thirteenth aspect of the present invention is the solar energy converter according to any one of the first to the eleventh aspects, wherein the heating plate is fixed from a material having poor heat conduction. It is characterized in that it is attached to a vacuum vessel by means of members.
  • a solar energy converter according to a fourteenth aspect of the present invention is the solar energy converter according to any one of the first to thirteenth aspects, wherein the solar energy converter is disposed in the vacuum vessel. It is characterized in that an insulator is interposed between the heating plate and the electron emission electrode.
  • FIG. 1 shows a basic configuration of a solar energy conversion device according to the present invention, and is a side view showing an internal configuration by cutting a vacuum vessel.
  • FIG. 2 shows a solar energy conversion device to which an electrostatic deflection method is applied, and is a side view showing an internal configuration by cutting a vacuum container.
  • Fig. 3 is a perspective view showing a part (arrangement relation of magnets) of the solar energy conversion device to which the magnetic field deflection method is applied.
  • FIG. 4 shows a solar energy conversion device to which a magnetic field deflection method is applied, and is a side view showing an internal configuration by cutting a vacuum vessel.
  • FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view showing an electron collecting electrode provided with an electron re-emission preventing member.
  • Fig. 6 shows a state in which the electron collection electrode of the magnetic field deflection type solar energy conversion device is bent to the electron emission electrode side, and the electron re-emission prevention member is attached.
  • FIG. 7 is a perspective view showing an example in which metal fibers are used for the electron collection electrodes.
  • FIG. 8 is a perspective view showing an example in which a metal net is used for the electron collection electrode.
  • FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view of the electron collecting electrode of FIG. 8 in a direction perpendicular to the metal net.
  • FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view showing a solar energy conversion device that does not use an electron deflection device.
  • FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view illustrating another embodiment of the solar energy conversion device that does not use the electronic tendency device.
  • FIG. 12 is a cross-sectional view showing a solar light passing window of the solar energy conversion device of the present invention and a fixing member for a heating plate and the like around the window.
  • Fig. 13 is a side view showing a configuration in which an insulator is sandwiched between the heating plate and the electron-emitting electrodes. is there.
  • FIG. 14 is a diagram showing an example in which a concave mirror is used as a light collecting device.
  • FIG. 1 shows the basic structure of a solar energy conversion device 100, which is a device that converts light energy emitted from the sun into electric energy.
  • Figure 1 shows the basic structure, which is slightly different from a practical solar energy converter, but is used to explain the basic operation.
  • the solar energy converter 100 shown in FIG. 1 includes a vacuum vessel 3, a convex lens 20 provided in the vacuum vessel 3, a heating plate 5 disposed in the vacuum vessel 3, and an intimate connection with the heating plate 5. And an electron accelerating power source 30 connected to the electron emitting electrode 6, the electron accelerating electrode 7, and the like.
  • the electron emission electrode 6 is an electrode that emits electrons, and normally emits thermoelectrons by applying a substance that easily emits thermoelectrons and raising the temperature.
  • thermoelectron is a substance that has a high electron emission ability in a vacuum (compounds such as tungsten, tantalum, barium oxide, iridium oxide, strontium carbonate, iridium, and scandium). Electrons emitted from the cathode due to the voltage applied to
  • the inside of the vacuum vessel 3 is vacuum, and the electron emission electrode 6 and the electron acceleration electrode 7 are arranged to face each other.
  • a convex lens 20 When a convex lens 20 is used as a condenser 1 for collecting sunlight 2 (a device that collects light in a narrow area like a convex lens or concave mirror), and a heating plate 5 is placed near its focal point, The temperature of the heating plate 5 rises, and the tightly coupled electron emission The temperature of the electrode 6 rises.
  • the inside of the vacuum vessel 3 is in a vacuum, the generated heat is hardly lost due to conduction to the outside.
  • the direction of the sun since the direction of the sun changes over time, the direction of the sunlight is detected using an optical sensor (not shown), and the condensing device 1 is directed to the direction of the sunlight using a driving device (not shown). You may be directed to. In this way, the efficiency of converting solar energy into electrical energy is improved.
  • the electron emission electrode 6 is impregnated with a compound such as barium or scandium that efficiently emits thermoelectrons, and the temperature of the electron emission electrode 6 causes the thermoelectrons to be emitted into the vacuum vessel.
  • a black substance is applied to the heating plate 5 and the electron emission electrode 6 by applying a black substance, the energy of sunlight incident on the black body remains in the black body and the energy radiated to the outside is reduced. Minimized, almost all energy is used to raise the temperature of the heating plate 5 and the electron emission electrode 6, and the temperature rise efficiency is improved, and more thermoelectrons are emitted and the efficiency of converting light energy to electric energy is improved. .
  • the thermoelectrons are accelerated by the plus voltage applied to the electron acceleration electrode 7, fly toward the electron acceleration electrode 7, and collide with the electron acceleration electrode 7. Therefore, although electrons are excessive at the electron accelerating electrode 7, the structure shown in FIG. 1 cannot be effectively extracted as electric energy.
  • an electron collecting electrode 8 is arranged as an electrode for collecting electrons separately from the electron accelerating electrode 7, and an electron deflecting device 9 is used to deflect electrons toward the electron accelerating electrode 7. By guiding the electrons in the direction of 8, the electrons are collected by the electron collecting electrode 8 so as to be effectively extracted as electric energy.
  • Figures 2 to 4 show the structure of the solar energy converter.
  • the electron collecting electrode 8 is an electrode that collects electrons, and is an electrode that receives emitted thermoelectrons.
  • the electrode corresponding to the Edison effect anode is Say pole. (However, in a conventional vacuum tube, the electron accelerating electrode and the electron collecting electrode are the same, and this is called an anode. However, in the solar energy conversion device of the present invention, the electron collecting electrode and the electron accelerating electrode are arranged separately.
  • This electron collecting electrode 8 is often made of a compound of stainless steel, molybdenum and tungsten, but other conductive metals can be used instead. In particular, hard metals such as molybdenum, titanium, tungsten and stainless steel are suitable.
  • the electron deflecting device 9 is a device that bends the trajectory of electrons flying in a vacuum, and includes an electrostatic deflecting method and a magnetic field deflecting method.
  • the electrostatic deflection method consists of a positive electrostatic deflection electrode with a positive voltage applied and a negative electrostatic deflection electrode with a negative voltage applied near the electron trajectory.
  • the magnetic field deflection method places the N and S poles of a magnet near the electron's flight trajectory, and uses the Lorentz effect on the flying electrons in the magnetic field formed by the magnet to traverse the electron's trajectory. This is a method of bending.
  • FIG. 2 shows a solar energy conversion device 101 using the electrostatic deflection method.
  • the solar energy conversion device 100 has an electron collection electrode 8, and an electrostatic deflection device 90 as an electron deflection device 9. It is provided with.
  • the electrostatic deflecting device 90 includes a positive terminal 14 a of the positive electrode 14 for electrostatic deflection, a negative terminal 15 a of the negative electrode 15 for electrostatic deflection, an electrostatic deflection power supply 40, and the like.
  • the solar energy converter 101 using the electrostatic deflection method shown in FIG. 2 has a convex lens 2 as a condensing device 1 for collecting the sunlight 2, similarly to the solar energy converter 100 shown in FIG.
  • the heating plate 5 is arranged near the focal point, the temperature of the heating plate 5 rises due to the irradiation of sunlight, and the temperature of the electron-emitting electrode 6 that is closely bonded is increased.
  • Thermions are emitted into the vacuum vessel 3 due to the temperature rise of the electron emission electrodes 6, and the emitted thermoelectrons are accelerated by the positive voltage of the electron acceleration power supply 30 applied to the electron acceleration electrodes 7, Fly toward 7.
  • the electrostatic deflection positive electrode 14 of the electrostatic deflection device 90 sandwiches the trajectory space of the thermoelectrons. Since the electrostatic deflection negative electrode 15 is provided, the flying thermoelectrons travel on an orbit bent by an electrostatic field by the electrostatic deflection device 90. That is, the thermoelectrons emitted from the electron emission electrode 6 are accelerated by the electron acceleration electrode 7 and initially travel in the direction of the electron acceleration electrode 7, but statically move to the plus terminal 1 of the electrostatic deflection positive electrode 14.
  • thermoelectron moves in the space between the negative terminal 15a of the negative electrode 15 and the flying thermoelectron receives a repulsive force from the negative terminal 15a of the negative electrode 15 and the positive electrostatic deflection It receives an attractive force from the positive terminal 14a of the electrode 14 and bends in the direction shown by the solid line in FIG. Since the electron collecting electrodes 8 are arranged in the bent traveling direction, the thermoelectrons that finally fly reach the electron collecting electrodes 8.
  • the electron collecting electrode 8 has more electrons than in the neutralized state and is in an electron excess state, is charged to a negative potential, and is in the same state as the negative electrode of the battery.
  • the electron-emitting electrode 6 since the electrons are emitted from the electron-emitting electrode 6, the electron-emitting electrode 6 is in a state of lack of electrons, is charged to a positive potential, and is in the same state as the positive electrode of the battery. In this state, it becomes possible to extract electricity by connecting the load (for example, a capacitor) between the two terminals by using the electron emission electrode 6 as a positive terminal and the electron collection electrode 8 as a negative terminal. Energy is converted to electrical energy.
  • the load for example, a capacitor
  • the power consumed by the electron acceleration electrode 7 is considered.
  • an electron accelerating power source 30 is required. Since the electron acceleration electrode 7 is used only for accelerating the thermoelectrons, the electrons do not collide with the electron acceleration electrode 7.
  • the electron acceleration power supply 30, which is a power supply for accelerating the electrons only applies the electrostatic force of the cron to the flying electrons, so that the current supplied from the electron acceleration power supply 30 is almost zero. is there. Therefore, the power consumed by the electron acceleration power supply 30 is almost zero.
  • Electrostatic deflection positive electrode 14 and electrostatic deflection negative electrode 15 Since it is used to bend the trajectory of the child's flight, electrons do not collide with the electrostatic deflection positive electrode 14. That is, since the electrostatic deflection power supply 40, which is a power supply for bending the trajectory of the electron flight, only applies the Coulomb electrostatic force to the flying electrons, the current supplied from the electrostatic deflection power supply 40 is almost zero. It is. Therefore, the power consumed by the electrostatic deflection power supply 40 is almost zero.
  • FIG. 3 shows a solar energy conversion device using a magnetic field deflection method, and shows a positional relationship among a magnetic field deflection device 91, an electron emission electrode 6, an electron acceleration electrode 7, and an electron collection electrode 8.
  • FIG. 4 shows a solar energy conversion device using a magnetic field deflection method.
  • the solar energy conversion device 100 includes an electron collection electrode 8 and a magnetic field deflection device 91 as an electron deflection device 9.
  • the magnetic field deflection device 91 is a so-called magnet.
  • FIG. 4 is a view of the N pole 16 side of the magnetic field deflector 91 viewed from a desired direction, with the trajectory of the thermoelectrons interposed from the S pole 17 side of the magnetic field deflector 91 shown in FIG.
  • the solar energy conversion device 102 using the magnetic field deflection method shown in FIG. 3 is similar to the solar energy conversion device 100 shown in FIG.
  • the temperature of the heating plate 5 rises due to the irradiation of sunlight, and the temperature of the thermally coupled electron-emitting electrode 6 rises.
  • Thermions are emitted into the vacuum vessel 3 due to the temperature rise of the electron emission electrodes 6, and the emitted thermoelectrons are accelerated by the plus voltage applied to the electron acceleration electrodes 7 and fly toward the electron acceleration electrodes 7.
  • thermoelectrons Since the magnetic field deflector 91 is arranged so as to sandwich the trajectory space of the thermoelectrons, The flying thermoelectrons travel on an orbit bent by the magnetic field. That is, thermions emitted from the electron emission electrode 6 are accelerated by the electron acceleration electrode 7 and initially travel in the direction of the electron acceleration electrode 7, but the N pole 16 of the magnetic field deflector 91 and the magnetic field deflector When passing through the magnetic field formed by the S pole 17 ′ of 91, the trajectory is bent in the direction according to the framing left-hand rule due to Lorentz force (electron flying in the curve shown by the broken line in Fig. 4). The track is bent). Since the electron collecting electrodes 8 are arranged in the bent traveling direction, the thermoelectrons that finally fly reach the electron collecting electrodes 8.
  • the electron collecting electrode 8 has more electrons than in the neutralized state and is in an electron excess state, is charged to a negative potential, and is in the same state as the negative electrode of the battery.
  • the electron-emitting electrode 6 since the electrons are emitted from the electron-emitting electrode 6, the electron-emitting electrode 6 is in a state of lack of electrons, is charged to a positive potential, and is in the same state as the positive electrode of the battery.
  • the electron emission electrode 6 has a positive terminal
  • the electron collection electrode 8 has a negative terminal
  • a load for example, a capacitor or the like
  • the power consumed by the electron acceleration electrode 7 is almost zero as described above.
  • the magnetic field deflector 91 is a permanent magnet and does not require a power supply to perform magnetic field deflection, power consumption is zero.
  • the power consumed by the electron acceleration power source 30 is almost zero, and the power consumed by the magnetic field deflector 91 is zero, so that the power generation cost is almost nil, and the solar energy is converted into electric energy.
  • the conversion efficiency is high, and it can be said that this solar energy conversion device 102 is highly practical.
  • the structure of the portion other than the electrostatic deflection device 90 and the magnetic field deflection device 91 is the same between the electrostatic deflection method and the magnetic field deflection method.
  • the collection efficiency of thermoelectrons in the electron collection electrode 8 will be examined.
  • the surface of the electron collecting electrode 8 shown in FIG. 2 has a curved concave shape, the surface of which is oriented in the direction of the electron emitting electrode 6. Because of the arrangement, the thermoelectrons that collide with the electron collecting electrode 8 can be prevented from rebounding, re-emitted, and moving in the direction of the electron accelerating electrode ⁇ .
  • thermoelectrons that collide with the electron collecting electrode 8 are rebounded and re-emitted and move in the direction of the electron accelerating electrode 7.
  • the current that can be extracted from the electron collecting electrode 8 decreases, and when the thermoelectrons reach the electron accelerating electrode 7, a current is supplied to the electron accelerating electrode 7 from an external power supply. Need, power consumption increases, and the efficiency of converting solar energy into electrical energy decreases.
  • an electron re-emission preventing member 18 having a substantially square shape and deeply surrounding the electron collecting electrode 8 as shown in FIG. 5 is attached.
  • the electron re-emission preventing member 18 prevents thermal electrons that collide with and bounce off the electron collecting electrode 8 from moving toward the electron accelerating electrode 7 and being re-emitted. Therefore, the phenomenon that the current that can be extracted from the electron collecting electrode 8 does not decrease does not occur, and no unnecessary current is supplied from the external power supply to the electron accelerating electrode 7, and the power consumed by the device itself does not increase. The efficiency of converting light energy to electric energy is improved.
  • FIG. 6 shows another embodiment for preventing electron re-emission.
  • the electron collecting electrode 8 in the solar energy converter 103 shown in FIG. 6 does not form a curved surface as shown in FIG. 2, but has a portion bent toward the electron emitting electrode 6. It is. With such a structure, as in the case shown in FIG. 2, it is possible to prevent the movement of the thermoelectrons that have collided with the electron collecting electrode 8 and bounced back toward the electron accelerating electrode 7. Moreover, since the electron re-emission preventing member 18 made of an insulating material is disposed between the electron collecting electrode 8 and the electron accelerating electrode 7, the electron collecting electrode 8 is more effectively moved from the electron accelerating electrode 7 to the electron accelerating electrode 7. Transfer of electrons is stopped. Therefore, power consumption is low and the amount of electrical energy that can be extracted increases, so that the efficiency of converting solar energy into electrical energy is improved, and practicality is enhanced.
  • the form of the electron collecting electrode 8 was modified.
  • the form of the electron collecting electrode 8 was modified.
  • the form of the electron collecting electrode 8 was modified.
  • a metal plate-shaped electrode was used as the electron collecting electrode 8.However, on such a rigid body surface, when the flying thermoelectrons collided with the electrode, it could bounce off.
  • the re-emission electrons were minimized by adopting a bent structure and attaching an electron re-emission prevention member 18 made of an insulating material. Minimizing re-emitted electrons can also be achieved by using an electrode with a structure in which the metal material used for the electrode is made into a fibrous metal fiber 50 or a metal mesh 60 in which metal wires are arranged in a mesh shape. Can be prevented. (Fig. 7, Fig. 8)
  • the electron collecting electrode 8 is composed of a metal fiber 50 or a metal network 60 in which metal wires are arranged in a mesh
  • the flying thermoelectrons emitted from the electron emitting electrode collide with the electron collecting electrode 8
  • FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view of the electron collecting electrode 8 shown in FIG. 8 in a direction perpendicular to the metal net, and schematically shows the movement of thermoelectrons inside the electrode.
  • the probability that a flying thermoelectron that has entered the inside of the electrode escapes from the electrode is low. That is, most of the thermoelectrons flying in the vacuum are captured by the electrodes composed of metal fibers or metal nets in which metal wires are arranged in a mesh.
  • the probability of capturing the flying thermoelectrons is improved as compared with the case where the electron collecting electrode 8 is formed of the metal on the rigid body surface. Increasing the probability of capture of flying thermoelectrons increases the efficiency of converting solar energy into electrical energy.
  • a metal net in which metal wires are arranged in such a mesh or dalid shape By using the electron collecting electrode 8 having a structure in which the electron deflecting device 9 is superimposed, a solar energy conversion device 104 that does not require the electron deflecting device 9 as shown in FIG. 10 can be obtained.
  • the electron collecting electrode 8 has a configuration in which a metal net is bundled, and has a gap and a space from the electrode surface to the back surface. That is, even if the electron accelerating electrode 7 is arranged on the back side of the electron collecting electrode 8, the electric field acts through the gap and space of the electron collecting electrode 8, so that the acceleration effect can be obtained. Thus, thermions emitted and accelerated from the electron emission electrode 6 reach the electron collection electrode 8 without being deflected.
  • FIG. 11 shows another embodiment 105 of the solar energy conversion device that does not require the electron deflection device 9.
  • the electron collecting electrode 8 has a donut-shaped disk-shaped portion 8a, and a conical insulating material 70 is provided in the center hole of the conical tip. Are directed to the electron emission electrode 6.
  • the surface of the conical insulating material 70 has a linear portion 8b formed of a metal wire in a mesh shape, a grid shape, or a spiral shape that constitutes a part of the electron collecting electrode 8.
  • An electron accelerating electrode 7 is arranged below the conical insulating material 70. Since the electron accelerating electrode 7 is covered with the conical insulating material 70, it does not absorb thermoelectrons. Insulating material 7 0 conical shape, for example, a good UNA hard material S I_ ⁇ 2.
  • thermoelectrons Due to the electron accelerating electrode 7, negative charges are collected in a portion of the conical insulating material 70 near the electron accelerating electrode 7, and positive charges are collected in a portion far from the electron accelerating electrode 7.
  • the lines of electric force generated from the positive charges reach the electron-emitting electrode 6, so that an electric field (electric field) is formed and the thermoelectrons are accelerated.
  • the accelerated thermoelectrons are not only absorbed by the electron collecting electrode 8b, but are repelled by the cone-shaped insulating material 70, or stayed near the conical insulating material 70.
  • the repelled thermoelectrons are absorbed by the doughnut-shaped disk-shaped portion 8a of the electron collecting electrode 8 located in the periphery.
  • thermoelectrons staying in the vicinity of the conical insulating material 70 slide on the surface of the conical insulating material 70 under the influence of the electric field, and It is absorbed by the linear portion 8b or the disk-shaped portion 8a of the collecting electrode 8.
  • FIG. 12 shows a case where the sunlight passing window 4 is installed in the vacuum vessel 3 and a state where the heating plate 5 and the electron emission electrode 6 are attached to the vacuum vessel 3.
  • a sunlight passage window 4 made of a transparent material that is transparent to light is installed in a part of the vacuum vessel 3. .
  • the sunlight passes through the sunlight passing window 4 and irradiates the heating plate 5.
  • the broken arrows indicate sunlight rays.
  • the efficiency of heating the heating plate 5 is lower than that in the case where the condensing device 1 such as a convex lens is provided. If it is necessary to increase the efficiency, a concentrator 1 is provided outside the vacuum vessel 3, and the condensed sunlight is passed through the sunlight passage window 4, and Irradiation may be used.
  • the heating plate 5 and the electron emission electrodes 6 are attached to the vacuum vessel 3 using the fixing members 19.
  • the fixing member 19 is manufactured using a material of a poor heat conductor such as mica or ceramic. Since the fixing member 19 is a poor conductor of heat, the heating plate 5 is heated, the temperature rises, and the amount of heat obtained is small because the amount of heat conducted to the vacuum vessel 3 via the fixing member 19 is very small. The amount of heat is small and thermionic emission is performed efficiently.
  • FIG. 13 shows another embodiment of the form of connection between the heating plate 5 and the electron emission electrode 6.
  • the heating plate 5 and the electron-emitting electrode 6 were directly thermally coupled, but here, the insulator '71 was inserted between the heating plate 5 and the electron-emitting electrode 6.
  • the effect is that the heating plate 5 is heated and the increased temperature is transmitted to the electron emission electrode 6 via the insulator 71 in the same manner as before.
  • thermoelectrons are more likely to be emitted, and the negative electrons of the insulator 71 are located near the electron-emitting electrode 6, so that the thermoelectrons are repelled by vacuum due to the repulsive action of the same sign charge. Released.

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  • Photovoltaic Devices (AREA)

Abstract

Une électrode d'émission d'électrons, une électrode d'accélération d'électrons et une électrode de recueillement d'électrons sont disposées individuellement dans un contenant sous vide, de telle manière que des thermoélectrons peuvent être recueillis de manière efficace au niveau de l'électrode de recueillement d'électrons afin de convertir l'énergie solaire, sur une large portée spectrale de rayons solaires, en énergie électrique.
PCT/JP2001/003715 2000-08-07 2001-04-27 Appareil de conversion d'energie provenant de rayons solaires WO2002013366A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (10)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU2001252643A AU2001252643A1 (en) 2000-08-07 2001-04-27 Solar ray energy conversion apparatus
IL14838901A IL148389A0 (en) 2000-08-07 2001-07-05 Solar energy converter
KR1020027002934A KR20020029942A (ko) 2000-08-07 2001-07-05 태양광 에너지 변환 장치
AU2001269450A AU2001269450A1 (en) 2000-08-07 2001-07-05 Solar energy converter
US09/959,972 US6653547B2 (en) 2000-08-07 2001-07-05 Solar energy converter
JP2002518608A JP3449623B2 (ja) 2000-08-07 2001-07-05 太陽光エネルギー変換装置
CA002385530A CA2385530A1 (fr) 2000-08-07 2001-07-05 Convertisseur d'energie solaire
EP01947843A EP1315278A4 (fr) 2000-08-07 2001-07-05 Convertisseur d'energie solaire
CN01802319A CN1386317A (zh) 2000-08-07 2001-07-05 太阳光能转换装置
PCT/JP2001/005836 WO2002013367A1 (fr) 2000-08-07 2001-07-05 Convertisseur d'energie solaire

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP2000-238063 2000-08-07
JP2000238063 2000-08-07

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2002013366A1 true WO2002013366A1 (fr) 2002-02-14

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PCT/JP2001/003715 WO2002013366A1 (fr) 2000-08-07 2001-04-27 Appareil de conversion d'energie provenant de rayons solaires

Country Status (6)

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KR (1) KR20020029942A (fr)
CN (1) CN1386317A (fr)
AU (1) AU2001252643A1 (fr)
IL (1) IL148389A0 (fr)
TW (1) TW535185B (fr)
WO (1) WO2002013366A1 (fr)

Cited By (3)

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US6653547B2 (en) * 2000-08-07 2003-11-25 Norio Akamatsu Solar energy converter
US6713668B2 (en) * 2001-12-14 2004-03-30 Norio Akamatsu Solar energy converter and solar energy conversion system
CN113342064A (zh) * 2021-06-15 2021-09-03 浙江大学杭州国际科创中心 基于成像反馈技术的自动太阳跟踪器及自动太阳跟踪方法

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EP2241004A2 (fr) * 2008-01-16 2010-10-20 Technion Research and Development Foundation, Ltd. Dispositif et procédé de conversion d'énergie solaire
CN101800462B (zh) * 2009-12-31 2012-05-23 浙江大学 太阳能驱动磁流体耦合蒸汽轮机发电系统
CN103296924A (zh) * 2012-02-25 2013-09-11 李星南 一种新型的太阳能发电技术
PT3114746T (pt) * 2014-03-03 2018-04-17 Solarlytics Inc Método e sistema para aplicação de campos elétricos a múltiplos painéis solares
US9985299B1 (en) * 2014-10-08 2018-05-29 Ronny Bar-Gadda Simultaneous generation of electricity and chemicals using a renewable primary energy source
US10758888B1 (en) 2014-10-08 2020-09-01 Ronny Bar-Gadda Simultaneous generation of electricity and chemicals using a renewable primary energy source
CN105262372A (zh) * 2015-05-11 2016-01-20 张国际 太阳能热-场电子发射发电装置
CN107507873B (zh) * 2017-08-04 2019-06-25 南京理工大学 一种真空太阳能光电转换器件
CN112578189A (zh) * 2019-09-27 2021-03-30 中国科学院物理研究所 一种自驱动式光电探测系统
CN111181444A (zh) * 2020-01-11 2020-05-19 东南大学 一种热电子发电装置及其工作方法
CN111092568A (zh) * 2020-01-21 2020-05-01 东南大学 一种热电子发电装置及其工作方法
CN112838789B (zh) * 2021-01-05 2022-07-01 中国人民解放军海军工程大学 真空-半导体固态两级热离子发电装置

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JPH03261029A (ja) * 1990-03-09 1991-11-20 Hamamatsu Photonics Kk 高感度光電子放射体及び受光装置
JPH0447629A (ja) * 1990-06-11 1992-02-17 Hamamatsu Photonics Kk 半導体光電子放出面
JPH05282991A (ja) * 1992-03-30 1993-10-29 Hamamatsu Photonics Kk 光電子放射面
JPH09107687A (ja) * 1995-10-11 1997-04-22 Mitsui Eng & Shipbuild Co Ltd 熱電子発電器
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JPS4027867B1 (fr) * 1963-09-26 1965-12-09
US4007393A (en) * 1975-02-21 1977-02-08 U.S. Philips Corporation Barium-aluminum-scandate dispenser cathode
JPH03261029A (ja) * 1990-03-09 1991-11-20 Hamamatsu Photonics Kk 高感度光電子放射体及び受光装置
JPH0447629A (ja) * 1990-06-11 1992-02-17 Hamamatsu Photonics Kk 半導体光電子放出面
JPH05282991A (ja) * 1992-03-30 1993-10-29 Hamamatsu Photonics Kk 光電子放射面
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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6653547B2 (en) * 2000-08-07 2003-11-25 Norio Akamatsu Solar energy converter
US6713668B2 (en) * 2001-12-14 2004-03-30 Norio Akamatsu Solar energy converter and solar energy conversion system
CN113342064A (zh) * 2021-06-15 2021-09-03 浙江大学杭州国际科创中心 基于成像反馈技术的自动太阳跟踪器及自动太阳跟踪方法

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TW535185B (en) 2003-06-01
KR20020029942A (ko) 2002-04-20
AU2001252643A1 (en) 2002-02-18
CN1386317A (zh) 2002-12-18
IL148389A0 (en) 2002-09-12

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