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WO2002008368A1 - Procede d'elimination de contaminants presents dans de l'huile vegetale et dans de la lecithine - Google Patents

Procede d'elimination de contaminants presents dans de l'huile vegetale et dans de la lecithine Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2002008368A1
WO2002008368A1 PCT/US2001/022842 US0122842W WO0208368A1 WO 2002008368 A1 WO2002008368 A1 WO 2002008368A1 US 0122842 W US0122842 W US 0122842W WO 0208368 A1 WO0208368 A1 WO 0208368A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
filter
vegetable oil
filtering
cationic
oil
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US2001/022842
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Harapanahalli S. Muralidhara
Bassam Jirjis
Ian C. Purtle
Original Assignee
Cargill, Incorporated
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Cargill, Incorporated filed Critical Cargill, Incorporated
Priority to EP01954795A priority Critical patent/EP1301581A1/fr
Priority to AU2001277016A priority patent/AU2001277016A1/en
Publication of WO2002008368A1 publication Critical patent/WO2002008368A1/fr

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23D—EDIBLE OILS OR FATS, e.g. MARGARINES, SHORTENINGS OR COOKING OILS
    • A23D9/00—Other edible oils or fats, e.g. shortenings or cooking oils
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23D—EDIBLE OILS OR FATS, e.g. MARGARINES, SHORTENINGS OR COOKING OILS
    • A23D9/00—Other edible oils or fats, e.g. shortenings or cooking oils
    • A23D9/007—Other edible oils or fats, e.g. shortenings or cooking oils characterised by ingredients other than fatty acid triglycerides
    • A23D9/013—Other fatty acid esters, e.g. phosphatides
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23D—EDIBLE OILS OR FATS, e.g. MARGARINES, SHORTENINGS OR COOKING OILS
    • A23D9/00—Other edible oils or fats, e.g. shortenings or cooking oils
    • A23D9/02—Other edible oils or fats, e.g. shortenings or cooking oils characterised by the production or working-up
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11B—PRODUCING, e.g. BY PRESSING RAW MATERIALS OR BY EXTRACTION FROM WASTE MATERIALS, REFINING OR PRESERVING FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES, e.g. LANOLIN, FATTY OILS OR WAXES; ESSENTIAL OILS; PERFUMES
    • C11B3/00—Refining fats or fatty oils
    • C11B3/001—Refining fats or fatty oils by a combination of two or more of the means hereafter
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11B—PRODUCING, e.g. BY PRESSING RAW MATERIALS OR BY EXTRACTION FROM WASTE MATERIALS, REFINING OR PRESERVING FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES, e.g. LANOLIN, FATTY OILS OR WAXES; ESSENTIAL OILS; PERFUMES
    • C11B3/00—Refining fats or fatty oils
    • C11B3/008—Refining fats or fatty oils by filtration, e.g. including ultra filtration, dialysis
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11B—PRODUCING, e.g. BY PRESSING RAW MATERIALS OR BY EXTRACTION FROM WASTE MATERIALS, REFINING OR PRESERVING FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES, e.g. LANOLIN, FATTY OILS OR WAXES; ESSENTIAL OILS; PERFUMES
    • C11B3/00—Refining fats or fatty oils
    • C11B3/10—Refining fats or fatty oils by adsorption

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for removing contaminants, such as chemical contaminants, from vegetable oil and lecithin including processing oil by prefiltering and filtering through and/or adsorbing on a cationic filter.
  • Edible vegetable oils are generally obtained by processing oil seeds. Crude vegetable oils can be obtained from vegetable seeds by solvent extraction. Hexane is a commonly used extraction solvent.
  • the crude vegetable oils generally contain neutral triglycerides and a host of natural oil seed-derived contaminants including phosphatides, sulphurous compounds, free fatty acids, carbohydrates, peptides, proteins, nucleic acids, oxidized lipids, traces of lower aldehydes and ketones, glycosides of sterols and terpenes, and diverse types of color bodies or dyestuffs. Many of these contaminants are removed from the crude vegetable oils in the course of refining to render the vegetable oils palatable.
  • soybean oil is conventionally extracted from dehuUed soybeans using hexane.
  • the extractant which includes hexane and crude soybean oil can referred to as miscella and generally requires further processing to provide palatable soybean oil.
  • Several techniques are available for processing the soybean oil.
  • One technique involves evaporating the hexane from the miscella and degumming the resulting crude soybean oil.
  • Degumming refers to the removal of phosphatides and other gums from the oil by adding water and/or acid thereto and centrifuging.
  • the recovered oil can be further refined with water and alkaline (such as NaOH) and centrifuged to remove the fatty acids and gums.
  • the oil resulting from the alkaline refining step can then be bleached to remove color bodies, hydrogenated to render the oils more stable, and deodorized.
  • the techniques of degumming, alkaline refining, bleaching, hydrogenating, and deodorizing are well known in the art. It should be appreciated that each separation step, and particularly centrifuging, results in loss of oil.
  • Other techniques for processing miscella are described in U.S. Patent Application Serial Nos. 09/231,692 and 09/483,346 which were filed with the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office on January 14, 1999 and January 14, 2000, respectively.
  • the assignee of these two patent applications is Car gill, Inc., which is the assignee of the present patent application.
  • U.S. Patent No. 4,093,540 to Sen Gupta describes refining crude glyceride oils by contacting a composition of glyceride oils and organic solvent under pressure with a semi- permeable ultrafiltration membrane to separate constituents of different molecular weight into retentate and permeate fractions, and contacting the composition or at least one of the fractions with a metal oxide or metalloid oxide adsorbent in a column containing the adsorbent.
  • Additional references which describe the use of membrane technology for separating phospholipids from crude vegetable oils include: U.S. Patent No. 4,414,157 to Iwama et al.; U.S. Patent No.
  • a method for removing chemical contaminants from a vegetable oil or lecithin by prefiltering and filtering through a cationic filter includes filtering a crude vegetable oil through a prefilter and through a cationic filter.
  • the method includes prefiltering a crude vegetable oil through one or more prefilters to produce a clarified vegetable oil and filtering the clarified vegetable oil through one or more cationic filters.
  • Prefiltering can include any type of filtering suitable for reducing the particulates in the crude vegetable oil to a level that does not unacceptably clog the cationic filter.
  • Prefiltering can employ a plate frame filter with a cake of diatomaceous earth, a bag filter, or a combination thereof.
  • the cationic filter can include a glass filter, a nylon membrane filter, a combination thereof, or any suitable modified polymeric or composite membrane that has a cationic surface charge on the filter.
  • the glass filter and/or the nylon membrane filter are coated or chemically treated to increase the amount of cationic charge on the filter.
  • the vegetable oil can be processed by any of a variety of conventional or known methods for recovery of lecithin, which has reduced levels of chemical contaminants.
  • the invention also relates to an apparatus for removing contaminants, preferably chemical contaminants, from vegetable oil.
  • the apparatus of the invention includes a prefilter and a cationic filter.
  • To prefilter is adapted and configured for reducing a particulate in a crude vegetable oil to produce a clarified crude vegetable oil.
  • the cationic filter is adapted and configured for removing a chemical contaminants from a clarified crude vegetable oil.
  • a preferred prefilter includes one or more of a plate frame filter with a cake of diatomaceous earth and/or a bag filter.
  • a preferred cationic filter includes one or more of a glass filter and/or a nylon filter, preferably coated or chemically treated to increase the cationic charge.
  • the invention includes a reduced contaminant vegetable oil including a level of DNA of less than about l ⁇ g/mL, about 1 ng/ml, about lpg/ml, or about 1 fg/ml.
  • the reduced contaminant vegetable oil includes a level of DNA that is undetectable by PCR employing up to about 10-30 cycles with a primer for detecting the 35S promoter from cauliflower mosaic virus.
  • the reduced contaminant vegetable oil can be produced according to the method of the invention.
  • the reduced contaminant vegetable oil also includes lecithin.
  • the invention includes a reduced contaminant vegetable lecithin including a level of DNA of less than about l ⁇ g/mL, about 1 ng/ml, about lpg/ml, or about 1 fg/ml.
  • the reduced contaminant vegetable lecithin includes a level of DNA that is undetectable by PCR employing up to about 10-30 cycles with a primer for detecting the 35S promoter from cauliflower mosaic virus.
  • the reduced contaminant vegetable lecithin can be produced according to the method of the invention, preferably from reduced contaminant vegetable oil that includes lecithin.
  • Figure 1 is a diagrammatic representation of a method for removing chemical contaminants from a vegetable oil or lecithin by prefiltering and filtering through a cationic filter according to the principles of the present invention.
  • Figure 2 is a diagrammatic representation of a preferred method for removing chemical contaminants a vegetable oil or lecithin by prefiltering and filtering through a cationic filter according to the principles of the present invention.
  • the invention relates to a method for removing chemical contaminants from a crude vegetable oil by prefiltering and filtering through a cationic filter.
  • crude vegetable oil refers to any vegetable oil product in need of further processing to provide a desired vegetable oil product.
  • Certain types of crude vegetable oil can be obtained by expelling oil from vegetable seeds, and other types of crude vegetable oil can be obtained from solvent extraction of vegetable oil seeds, followed by removing the solvent.
  • Techniques for expelling oil from vegetable seeds and for solvent extraction of vegetable seeds are well known and are described, for example, in Bailey's Industrial Oil and Fat Products. 5 th Edition, edited by Y.H. Hui, New York, Wiley, 1996, and Handbook of Soy Oil Processing and Utilization. St. Louis, Mo., American Soybean Association, Champaign, 111, American Oil Chemists' Society, the disclosures of which are incorporated herein by reference.
  • Oil seeds can be prepared for expelling or extracting using techniques well known in the art. This generally includes dehulling and/or grinding, in a dehuller and/or grinder, to yield ground oil seeds. Expelling can yield crude vegetable oil or another expelled vegetable oil product. In addition, cake from expelling can be extracted for eventual recovery of crude vegetable oil. Extraction produces an extracted vegetable oil product known as miscella, and which includes extraction solvent, vegetable oil, and phospholipid. Solvent can be removed from the miscella by methods known to those of skill in the art, such as evaporation and distillation. Removing the solvent from the miscella produces crude vegetable oil including phospholipid. In certain circumstances, expelled vegetable oil can be combined with miscella before removing solvent to produce crude vegetable oil including phospholipid.
  • crude vegetable oil is prepared either by expelling or by extraction followed by solvent removal.
  • the crude vegetable oil includes less than about 300 ppm to about 1000 ppm remaining extraction solvent.
  • the extracted and/or expelled vegetable oil product can be processed further before crude vegetable oil is obtained.
  • the expelled and/or extracted vegetable oil product can be degummed by methods known to those skilled in the art, and, if necessary, solvent removed.
  • the degummed vegetable oil product is then considered crude vegetable oil.
  • degumming before removing chemical contaminants can result in the chemical contaminants appearing in the lecithin or phospholipid produced by degumming.
  • the extracted and/or expelled vegetable oil product can be further treated by steps of refining, bleaching, hydrogenating, and deodorizing to provide crude vegetable oil.
  • Such techniques are known in the art and are described, for example, in the Handbook of Soy Oil Processing and Utilization, St. Louis, Mo., American Soybean Association, Champaign, 111, American Oil Chemists' Society.
  • Reduced contaminant vegetable oil can be further processed to make a desired, salable vegetable oil product by any of a variety of steps known to those of skill in the art, including degumming, refining, bleaching, hydrogenating, and deodorizing.
  • reduced contarninant vegetable oil can be further processed by known methods to produce vegetable lecithin referred to herein as “reduced contaminant vegetable lecithin” .
  • Reduced contaminant vegetable lecithin can be recovered from reduced contaminant vegetable oil by known methods such as conventional degumming.
  • Reduced contaminant vegetable lecithin can also be recovered from reduced contaminant vegetable oil, after converting this oil to miscella, by known methods for processing miscella, such as those described in U.S. Patent Application Serial Nos. 09/231,692 and 09/483,346 which were filed with the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office on January 14, 1999 and January 14, 2000, respectively.
  • the preferred vegetable oils which can be processed according to the present invention are the edible vegetable oils which are well-known in the vegetable oil industry.
  • Exemplary vegetable oils include coconut oil, palm oil, palm kernel oil, soya bean oil, corn oil, ground nut oil, olive oil, linseed oil, rapeseed oil, sunflower seed oil, saf flower seed oil, cottonseed oil, and grape seed oil.
  • Preferred oils which can be recovered according to the invention include soya bean oil, rapeseed oil, ground nut oil, corn oil, sunflower oil, cottonseed oil, and linseed oil.
  • Crude vegetable oil typically includes vegetable oil, residual extraction solvent, solids, phospholipids, and chemical contaminants.
  • the solids can be referred to as fines and can be characterized as particulates.
  • One source of particulates includes meal fines obtained from seed hulls, dirt, sand, and grit.
  • the solids can also include aggregated chemical contaminants or chemical contaminants bound to or trapped in other solids.
  • the solids are generally considered contaminants and it is desirable to remove the solids before separating phospholipids or chemical contaminants from the vegetable oil. In fact, extracting and expelling often include processes for removing solids. Nevertheless, the resulting crude vegetable oil typically includes solids that need to be removed before filtration for the removal of chemical contaminants.
  • a prefilter system can remove the solids and/or aggregated chemical contaminants.
  • the prefilter system can include one or more filters in series to provide reduction of the solids content of the crude vegetable oil.
  • the prefilter can remove particulates in a targeted size range of greater than about 1 micron.
  • the resulting crude vegetable oil has a reduced solids content and can be referred to as clarified crude vegetable oil.
  • the filters used to remove solids from the crude vegetable oil have an average pore size in the range of down to less than about 1 micron.
  • the prefilter system includes a series of prefilter s having decreasing pore size so that the upstream prefilters remove the relatively large solids and the downstream prefilters remove the smaller solids.
  • the actual pore size of each filter depends on the solids content of the crude vegetable oil.
  • the prefilter system can be provided as a single filter.
  • the finer filters provided in the prefilter system preferably have an average pore size in the range of about 0.1 ⁇ to about 1 or 2 ⁇ .
  • Prefiltration can be batch or continuous.
  • the prefilter includes one or more dead end filters.
  • Figure 1 schematically represents a method for prefiltering vegetable oil at reference number 10.
  • the solids and aggregate of chemical contaminants can be removed from the crude vegetable oil 12 by feeding crude vegetable oil 12 through prefilter system 14.
  • Prefilter system 14 can be provided in any form that can provide the desired degree of removal of solids and/or aggregated chemical contaminants.
  • prefilter system 14 filters out particles of size greater than about 1 micron.
  • prefilter 14 can be one or more of a bag filter, a plate frame filter, a precoat filter, or the like.
  • Prefilter system 14 preferably includes pore sizes of between about 0.1 ⁇ to about 2 ⁇ .
  • FIG. 2 schematically represents a preferred embodiment 18 of the method for prefiltering vegetable oil .
  • Preferred embodiment 18 includes a prefilter system 14 with two prefilters, first prefilter 20 and second prefilter 22.
  • First prefilter 20 preferably includes pore sizes of between about 20 ⁇ and about 30 ⁇ .
  • Second prefilter 22 preferably includes pore sizes of between about 1 ⁇ and about 2 ⁇ .
  • First prefilter 20 is preferably a precoat filter 24 and second prefilter 22 is preferably a bag filter 26.
  • precoat filter 24 precedes the bag filter 26, and partially clarified crude vegetable oil 28 is fed from precoat filter 24 to bag filter 26.
  • Precoat filter 24 can be a plate frame filter precoated with a medium suitable for removing the larger solids and contaminant aggregates from the crude vegetable oil 12.
  • a suitable precoat filter 24 can be prepared by providing a depth material on a filter surface. The depth material can be provided by depositing deep bed filtering agents and/or clarifying agents on a filter surface. Exemplary deep bed filtering agents and/or clarifying agents include diatomaceous earth and per lite.
  • precoat filter 24 is a plate frame precoated with diatomaceous earth, preferably an about 0.5 inch to about 1 inch cake of diatomaceous earth.
  • the diatomaceous earth is flux calcined and filters out particles as small as 0.1 microns, although other diatomaceous earths can also be employed.
  • Bag filter 26 can be any of a variety of bag filters suitable for removing small solids from a vegetable oil. Suitable types of bag filters include filters made from porous, woven, or fibrous material made of polymers such as polyester, polypropylene, or the like. Preferably, bag filter 26 employs a polyester fiber filter. Bag filter 26 can employ more than one filter bag either in series or parallel. Preferably bag filter 26 employs about 1 to about 7 filter bags, preferably about 3 to about 5 filter bags, preferably about four filter bags. Preferred filter bags are sold by GAF and designated PEXL (polyester extended life)-l-P2E, preferably in a 1 micron size. Additional suitable filter bags are sold by manufacturers such as Filtertech and Parker Hannifin.
  • PEXL polyethylene extended life
  • the prefiltered crude vegetable oil can be referred to as clarified crude vegetable oil 14, because it has been treated for the removal of solids and aggregated chemical contaminants.
  • prefilter 14 provides a clarified crude vegetable oil 16 having a solids content of less than about 15 to about 30 ppm.
  • the clarified crude vegetable oil 16 has an almost negligible solids content.
  • the clarified crude vegetable oil 16 can include a solids content of greater than about 50 to about 100 ppm, but it is expected that the solids will cause premature clogging of the downstream cationic filter, which, in turn, would require more frequent cleaning or replacement of the filter.
  • the crude vegetable oil 12 will include a solids content which, if directed to the cationic filter according to the invention, would fairly quickly clog the cationic filter.
  • crude vegetable oil 12 typically contains a solids content of up to about 1000 ppm, although this amount can certainly be higher depending on the extraction operation. It should be understood that the steps of crude vegetable oil 12 preparation can yield a variety of solids contents, and the prefilter system is provided for reducing the solids content to avoid fouling of the cationic filter.
  • the solids content of the crude vegetable oil 12 is between about 500 ppm and about 2000 ppm.
  • the size of the solids which should be removed from the crude vegetable oil 12 are typically provided in a distribution between about 10 ⁇ and about 1000 ⁇ .
  • Clarified crude vegetable oil typically includes chemical contaminants such as extraction solvent, phospholipids, and vegetable derived contaminants.
  • the vegetable derived contaminants can include macromolecules, such as polysaccharides, proteins, and polynucleotides, and small molecules, such as lipids, sugars, and other metabolites.
  • Such chemical contaminants can provide undesirable characteristics to the vegetable oil that render the oil unpalatable, unsalable, or that otherwise reduce the value of the vegetable oil.
  • These contaminants can also provide undesirable characteristics to the phospholipids or lecithins derived from the crude vegetable oil.
  • chemical contaminants can be removed from vegetable oil by filtration.
  • Filtration to remove one or more chemical contaminants from vegetable oil can rely on properties of the chemical contaminants, such as size, charge, or hydrophobicity, that differentiate the contaminants from the vegetable oil.
  • a cationic filtration medium can retain anionic chemical contaminants
  • an anionic filtration medium can retain cationic chemical contaminants
  • a size exclusion filtration medium can retain contaminants larger than the molecular constituents of soybean oil
  • a hydrophobic filtration medium can retain contaminants more hydrophobic than soybean oil.
  • the contaminant removal filtration system can include one or more filters in series to provide for reduction in the amount of one or more chemical contaminants in the vegetable oil.
  • a series of different cationic filters can be employed to remove one or more anionic contaminants from the vegetable oil.
  • the series of filters can include anionic, cationic, size exclusion, or hydrophobic filters in any number or order suitable for removing a particular chemical contaminant.
  • a preferred filtration system for removing chemical contaminants from vegetable oil is a cationic filtration system.
  • This preferred cationic filtration system can include one or more cationic filters in series.
  • Such a cationic filtration system can be employed to remove chemical contaminants including species having a negative charge, e.g. a net negative charge or regions of negative charge, such as proteins and polynucleotides, from a vegetable oil, such as soybean oil.
  • species having a negative charge e.g. a net negative charge or regions of negative charge, such as proteins and polynucleotides
  • Polynucleotides or nucleic acids have a negative charge due to their sugar- phosphate backbone.
  • Proteins can have a negative charge due, for example, to charged side chains of amino acids.
  • a preferred cationic filtration system employs a cationic glass filter with a pore size of about 0.45 micron followed by a nylon membrane filter with a pore size of the range of about 0.1 to about 0.2 micron.
  • Such a filter system not only, removes many chemical contaminants but can also remove fine solids, such as fine meal particulate, with sizes that can be less than 1 micron.
  • Figure 1 schematically represents a method for removing chemical contaminants from vegetable oil at reference number 30.
  • Chemical contaminants can be removed from the clarified crude vegetable oil 16 by feeding clarified crude vegetable oil 16 through chemical contaminant removal system 30.
  • Chemical contaminant removal system 30 can be provided in any form suitable for the desired degree of removal of a particular chemical contaminant or contaminants.
  • chemical contaminant removal system 30 can include one or more filters such as a cationic filter, an anionic filter, a size exclusion filter, a hydrophobic filter, or the like.
  • Chemical contaminant removal system 30 provides reduced contaminant vegetable oil 32.
  • Chemical contaminant removal system 30 preferably includes one or more cationic filters.
  • the cationic filter can be constructed in any of a variety of configurations suitable for filtering a vegetable oil and can be made from any of a variety of materials for binding a negatively charged substance.
  • the filter material itself can be suitable for binding a negatively charged substance, or the filter material can be coated or otherwise treated to impart such binding. Suitable materials include glass, glass treated fiber, nylon, nylon treated with a coating, polyester, polyester treated with a coating, Teflon, polycarbonate, or any chemically modified polymeric membrane containing a positive charge.
  • Preferred cationic filters have a capacity to bind about 0.01 to about 1.5 ⁇ mol of a negatively charged species per square centimeter of filter area ( ⁇ mol/cm 2 ), preferably about .03 to about 0.5 ⁇ mol/cm 2 , preferably about 0.06 to about 0.3 ⁇ mol/cm 2 , preferably about 0.15 ⁇ mol/cm 2 .
  • the cationic filters typically have a pore size of about 0.1 micron to about 0.45 micron.
  • the capacity of a cationic filter can be measured by deterrmning the volume of a solution containing a known concentration of a charged solute that can pass through a cationic filter having a particular surface area before the charged solute begins to appear in the filtrate.
  • a charged dye such as Metanil Yellow (which has a single negative charge) can be dissolved in water, and aliquots of the dye solution can be filtered through a selected filter material, such as treated nylon 66. After each aliquot has been filtered, the filtrate can be examined for discoloration by the dye.
  • the volume of filtrate recovered up to and including the first colored aliquot represents the breakthrough volume, which is the volume of solution from which the dye has been bound by the cationic membrane.
  • the breakthrough volume, the concentration of the dye solution, and the surface area of the membrane yield the capacity of an area of membrane to bind a quantity of charged dye. This can be expressed in units of moles of charge bound per unit of membrane area, such as ⁇ mol/cm 2 .
  • Figure 2 schematically represents a preferred embodiment 32 of chemical contaminant removal system 30.
  • Preferred embodiment 32 includes a cationic filter system 36 with two cationic filters, the first cationic filter 38 and second cationic filter 40.
  • First cationic filter 38 preferably includes a pore sizes of between about 0.45 micron and about 0.8 micron and preferably has a capacity to bind about 0.01 to about 1.5 ⁇ mol of a negatively charged species per square centimeter of filter area ( ⁇ mol/cm 2 ).
  • First cationic filter 38 can be any cationic filter suitable for filtering or adsorbing any particles or molecules having a negative charge, e.g. a net negative charge or regions of negative charge.
  • Suitable materials for first cationic filter 38 include glass, glass treated fiber, nylon, nylon treated with a coating, polyester, polyester treated with a coating, teflon, or polycarbonate. The material can have a variety of configurations, such as a membrane or pleated membrane.
  • First cationic filter 40 can include pore sizes of between about 0.45 micron and about 0.8 micron and can have a capacity of about .03 to about 0.5 ⁇ mol/cm 2 .
  • Second cationic filter 40 can be any cationic filter suitable for filtering or adsorbing residual amounts of a chemical contaminant, such as DNA or DNA fragments.
  • Suitable materials for second cationic filter 40 include nylon, nylon treated with a coating, polyester, polyester treated with a coating, Teflon, or polycarbonate. The material can have a variety of configurations, such as a membrane or pleated membrane.
  • Second cationic filter 40 can include pore sizes of between about 0.1 micron and about 0.2 micron and can have a capacity to bind about 0.01 to about 1.5 ⁇ mol of a negatively charged species per square centimeter of filter area ( ⁇ mol/cm 2 ), preferably about .03 to about 0.5 ⁇ mol/cm 2 , preferably about 0.06 to about 0.3 ⁇ mol/cm 2 , preferably about 0.15 ⁇ mol/cm 2 .
  • First cationic filter 38 preferably includes a glass filter 42, which is cationic due to the surface charge of the glass material, or a coating on the glass material that imparts a surface charge, and has a pore size of about 0.45 micron.
  • Preferred glass filters 42 also include also include an absolute filter or an electronic grade particle rejection (e.g. 99.99%) filter.
  • a preferred glass filter 42 is generally cylindrical, pleated, and has a size of about 4 feet by about 2.5 inches in diameter and a surface area of about 22 square feet.
  • Suppliers of preferred glass filters and filter materials include Parker Hannifin, Osmonics, and MSI, who sell glass filters under designations such as Calyx CG glass microfiber cartridges (MSI), Inphorm process filters (Parker Hannifin), and Fulflo ® Glass-Mate cartridges (Parker Hannifin).
  • Second cationic filter 40 preferably includes a nylon filter 44, which is cationic due to a surface coating and a pore size of about 0.1 to about 0.2 microns.
  • the second cationic filter is preferably generally cylindrical, pleated, and has a length of about 4 feet and diameter of about 2.5 inches.
  • Suitable nylon filters 44 also include an O-ring seal assembly, preferable a 222 or 226 assembly.
  • a preferred nylon filter 44 has a size of about 4 feet by about 2.5 inches in diameter.
  • Suppliers of preferred nylon filters and filter materials include Osmonics, MSI, Parker Hannifin, and U.S. Filter, under designations such as Calyx PH Nylon cartridges (MSI), Calyx CN Nylon cartridges (MSI), AdvantageTM TM filter cartridges (Parker Hannifin), and Ultra Pure membranes (Parker Hannifin).
  • the crude vegetable oil processed through the chemical contaminant removal system 30 can be referred to as reduced contaminant vegetable oil 32, because it has been treated for the removal of chemical contaminants.
  • chemical contaminant removal system 30 provides a reduced contaminant vegetable oil 32 with levels of chemical contaminants reduced below a level of about 10, 3, 1, 0.3, 0.1, 0.03, or 0.01 ⁇ g/mL or below about 3, 1, 0.3, or 0.1 ng/mL.
  • the reduced contaminant vegetable oil includes levels of protein and polynucleotides that cannot be detected by typically sensitive PCR or commercial dye or stain based protein assays.
  • chemical contaminant removal system 30 provides a reduced contaminant vegetable oil 32 with levels of DNA reduced below a level of about 10, 3, 1, 0.3, 0.1, 0.03, or 0.01 ⁇ g/mL, below about 3, 1, 0.3, 0.1, 0.03, 0.01 ng/mL, below about 3, 1, 0.3, 0.1, 0.03, 0.01 pg/mL, or below about 3, 1, 0.3, 0.1, 0.03, 0.01, 0.003, 0.001, 0.0003, or 0.0001 fg/mL; more preferably less than about l ⁇ g/mL, about O. l ⁇ g/mL, about O.Ol ⁇ g/mL, or about 1 ng/ml.
  • these levels of DNA refer to levels of DNA having about 88 or more bases, with unspecified amounts of smaller DNA fragments.
  • the reduced contaminant vegetable oil includes a level of DNA that is undetectable by PCR employing typically sensitive conditions and primers for finding DNA in a food product.
  • PCR can run for about 10 to about 30 cycles with primers for DNA typically found in a genetically modified organism, e.g. the 35S promoter from cauliflower mosaic virus. Suitable methods for such PCR are known to those of skill in the art and are described in references such as:
  • Reduced contaminant vegetable oil can be processed by conventional degumming, or by converting to miscella and using known methods for processing miscella, to produce lecithin that has been treated for the removal of chemical contaminants, which can be referred to as reduced contaminant vegetable lecithin 46.
  • chemical contaminant removal system 30 and subsequent processing of reduced contaminant vegetable oil provide a reduced contaminant vegetable lecithin 46 with levels of chemical contaminants reduced below a level of about 10, 3, 1, 0.3, 0.1, 0.03, or 0.01 ⁇ g/mL or below about 3, 1, 0.3, or 0.1 ng/mL.
  • the reduced contaminant vegetable lecithin 46 includes levels of protein and polynucleotides that cannot be detected by typically sensitive PCR or commercial dye or stain based protein assays.
  • chemical contaminant removal system 30 and subsequent processing provides a reduced contaminant vegetable lecithin 46 with levels of DNA reduced below a level of about 10, 3, 1, 0.3, 0.1, 0.03, or 0.01 ⁇ g/mL, below about 3, 1, 0.3, 0.1, 0.03, 0.01 ng/mL, below about 3, 1, 0.3, 0.1, 0.03, 0.01 pg/mL, or below about 3, 1, 0.3, 0.1, 0.03, 0.01, 0.003, 0.001, 0.0003, or 0.0001 fg/mL; more preferably less than about l ⁇ g/mL, about O.l ⁇ g/mL, about O.Ol ⁇ g/mL, or about 1 ng/ml.
  • these levels of DNA refer to levels of DNA having about 88 or more bases, with unspecified amounts of smaller DNA fragments.
  • the reduced contaminant vegetable lecithin 46 includes a level of DNA that is undetectable by PCR employing typically sensitive conditions and primers for finding DNA in a food product.
  • PCR can run for about 10 to about 30 cycles with primers for DNA typically found in a genetically modified organism, e.g. the 35S promoter from cauliflower mosaic virus. Suitable methods for such PCR are described hereinabove.
  • the method was employed with a feed rate of 8 liters per minute through a filter with a surface area of 90 square feet.
  • the level of DNA was reduced below a level detectable by PCR employing primers specific for soybean DNA or for cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter and NOS terminator. PCR was conducted by the testing organization Genescan, Germany employing proprietary, but commercially available, methods.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Microbiology (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Food Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
  • Fats And Perfumes (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé et un appareil destinés à éliminer des contaminants chimiques présents dans une huile végétale brute par préfiltration et filtration à travers un filtre cationique. L'huile végétale préfiltrée et filtrée peut être transformée en lécithine, avec un taux de contaminants chimiques réduit, par des moyens classiques et connus. L'invention concerne aussi une huile végétale et une lécithine qui peuvent être produites à l'aide du procédé de l'invention.
PCT/US2001/022842 2000-07-21 2001-07-20 Procede d'elimination de contaminants presents dans de l'huile vegetale et dans de la lecithine WO2002008368A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP01954795A EP1301581A1 (fr) 2000-07-21 2001-07-20 Procede d'elimination de contaminants presents dans de l'huile vegetale et dans de la lecithine
AU2001277016A AU2001277016A1 (en) 2000-07-21 2001-07-20 Method for removing contaminants from vegetable oil and lecithin

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US62116100A 2000-07-21 2000-07-21
US09/621,161 2000-07-21

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WO2002008368A1 true WO2002008368A1 (fr) 2002-01-31

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Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102006060107A1 (de) * 2006-12-08 2008-06-12 Westfalia Separator Ag Verfahren zur Abscheidung von Feststoffen aus einem fließfähigen Produkt
WO2011088806A2 (fr) 2010-01-19 2011-07-28 Zentiva, K.S. Procédé de production industrielle d'une forme amorphe d'atorvastatine ayant une grande surface spécifique et utilisation de cette dernière dans une forme pharmaceutique.
WO2013068443A1 (fr) 2011-11-09 2013-05-16 Sondboe Sverre Procédés membranaires pour la diminution d'au moins une impureté et fabrication d'un concentré comprenant au moins un composant naturel à partir d'un mélange huileux d'acides gras non marins, et compositions en résultant
WO2014099726A1 (fr) * 2012-12-20 2014-06-26 Cargill, Incorporated Procédé de purification de lécithine
US9150836B2 (en) 2003-11-12 2015-10-06 E I Du Pont De Nemours And Company Delta-15 desaturases suitable for altering levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids in oilseed plants and oleaginous yeast
CN110106215A (zh) * 2019-05-10 2019-08-09 武汉友谊兴泰科技有限公司 一种果糖生产过程中糖化、过滤工艺及其设备

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Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US9150836B2 (en) 2003-11-12 2015-10-06 E I Du Pont De Nemours And Company Delta-15 desaturases suitable for altering levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids in oilseed plants and oleaginous yeast
DE102006060107A1 (de) * 2006-12-08 2008-06-12 Westfalia Separator Ag Verfahren zur Abscheidung von Feststoffen aus einem fließfähigen Produkt
WO2011088806A2 (fr) 2010-01-19 2011-07-28 Zentiva, K.S. Procédé de production industrielle d'une forme amorphe d'atorvastatine ayant une grande surface spécifique et utilisation de cette dernière dans une forme pharmaceutique.
WO2013068443A1 (fr) 2011-11-09 2013-05-16 Sondboe Sverre Procédés membranaires pour la diminution d'au moins une impureté et fabrication d'un concentré comprenant au moins un composant naturel à partir d'un mélange huileux d'acides gras non marins, et compositions en résultant
WO2014099726A1 (fr) * 2012-12-20 2014-06-26 Cargill, Incorporated Procédé de purification de lécithine
US9328314B2 (en) 2012-12-20 2016-05-03 Cargill, Incorporated Method for the purification of lecithin
US9605009B2 (en) 2012-12-20 2017-03-28 Cargill, Incorporated Method for the purification of lecithin
CN110106215A (zh) * 2019-05-10 2019-08-09 武汉友谊兴泰科技有限公司 一种果糖生产过程中糖化、过滤工艺及其设备

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AU2001277016A1 (en) 2002-02-05
EP1301581A1 (fr) 2003-04-16

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