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WO2002003753A1 - Systeme de communications dans des environnements bruyants - Google Patents

Systeme de communications dans des environnements bruyants Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2002003753A1
WO2002003753A1 PCT/DK2001/000462 DK0100462W WO0203753A1 WO 2002003753 A1 WO2002003753 A1 WO 2002003753A1 DK 0100462 W DK0100462 W DK 0100462W WO 0203753 A1 WO0203753 A1 WO 0203753A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
sound
noise
communication
controlling
signals
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/DK2001/000462
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Ole Sanggaard Knudsen
Original Assignee
Aerocom Aps
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Aerocom Aps filed Critical Aerocom Aps
Priority to AU2001270477A priority Critical patent/AU2001270477A1/en
Publication of WO2002003753A1 publication Critical patent/WO2002003753A1/fr

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R3/00—Circuits for transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
    • H04R3/002—Damping circuit arrangements for transducers, e.g. motional feedback circuits

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a communication system for noisy environments according to claim 1 and 7, a noise-controlling device according to claim 11 and 12, a cable according to claim 15, a unit for supplementary mounting according to claim 16, a remote control, a method for controlling noise according to claim 20 and use thereof according to claim 21 and 22.
  • An example of communication in a noisy environment is in the cockpit of an airplane.
  • communication can take place between the pilot of the airplane and the air-traffic controller in an airport over a radio connection.
  • the communication can be between pilots on the airplane or between pilot and passengers on the airplane.
  • the communication system will often contain two subsystems: A system to facilitate internal communication on the airplane and a system to facilitate external communication.
  • the communication system will also contain a third subsystem allowing manual or automatic shifts between the two subsystems whenever necessary.
  • the sources of noise in airplane communication are many but can be divided into to categories: Internal and external noise.
  • the quality of the equipment used by the air-traffic controller has a major effect on communication, and especially air-traffic controllers in smaller airports will often have low-quality equipment.
  • the external noise sources are placed around the person or persons involved in the communication on an airplane.
  • the sources are several of a reparative nature e.g. noise from the airplane engines, the propellers, the generator system, the exhaust, the gyrocompass and the wind.
  • the microphone actually consists of two microphones. One microphone points towards the mouth of the pilot and the other points away from his mouth. The idea is that the first microphone picks up the sounds of the pilot and the second microphone the noise from the surroundings. With the signal from the second microphone it is possible to create an inverted noise signal in the communication system and, if put together, remove the noise from the signal received by the pilot in the loudspeakers of the headset. In a more advanced modern communication system, the two microphones are complemented by a third microphone placed next to one of the loudspeakers. With the signal from the third microphone it is possible to invert and remove or at least suppress noise as the user perceive it in his ears.
  • the noise experienced by the user of the system is dangerous in more than one way.
  • the noise increases the risk of misunderstandings during communication between e.g. a pilot on an airplane and an air-traffic controller.
  • it also increases the stress level on the pilot and generally has a wearisome effect.
  • a communication system for noisy environments comprising a communication device, at least one sound device comprising sound transmitting means and sound receiving means, sound detecting means for detecting one or more detecting signals in the proximity of said sound transmitting means, and a noise-controlling device comprising a first device for internal signal noise control connected to said communication device or said sound device and a second device for external signal noise control connected to said communication device or said sound device and said sound detecting means, where at least one connection connects said first device for internal signal noise control and said second external signal noise control connected to said communication device, where said noise-controlling device receives one or more signals from said communication device or said sound device, and transmits the noise-controlled form of said one or more signals to said communication device or said sound device, it is possible to remove or suppress noise in a communication system. This is especially advantageous with the removal or suppression of both internal and external noise signals from the communication between users. This means that the user is more likely to communicate without errors or without having to hear the communicated words more than once to understand the contents.
  • the invention can be used in many other areas where communication takes place in a noisy environment.
  • Examples of such areas can be communication in helicopters, between motor vehicles such as riders of one or more motorbikes e.g. police officers.
  • a further example is during communication between military personnel in an armoured vehicle or between the armoured vehicle and the surroundings. Also in the communication between racing vehicles and the surroundings the invention can be used with advantage.
  • said communication device is a radio communication device
  • an advantageous embodiment of the invention has been obtained.
  • said sound device is a headset
  • the encapsulated space it will be possible to perform accurate measurements of noise levels and removal of the same. It is also possible to perform measurements and removal actions without having an encapsulated space but with less chance of success.
  • said sound transmitting means is a loudspeaker
  • said sound receiving means comprise one or more microphones
  • said noise-controlling device comprises a Digital Signal Processor DSP
  • DSP Digital Signal Processor
  • the sound quality in the individual headsets is often quite poor. Optimalizations have been carried out in order to reproduce sounds with as much force as possible. If music is played in the headset, the sound will be pretty bad as it will lack bass and treble. In order to improve the sound quality, it is advantageous to carry out a minor tuning/alignment of the frequency spectrum so that both the deep sounds from e.g. a man and the light sounds from e.g. a woman resemble real voices. This tuning/alignment may be carried out by the DSP processor or by applying a simple analogue technique involving filters made by the DSP unit. Measurements by the headset must be carried out in order to determine the typical frequency changing stage.
  • a communication system comprises a communication device, at least one sound device comprising sound transmitting means, a noise- controlling device comprising a device for adaptive internal signal noise control, where at least one connection connects said noise controlling device to said communication device and said sound device, where said noise-controlling device receives one or more signals from said communication device or said sound device, and transmits the noise-controlled form of said one or more signals to said communication device or said sound device, an advantageous embodiment of the invention has been obtained.
  • a communication device such as national low frequency broadcasting transmitter, voices or other audible sounds over the Internet or voices or other audible sounds over anything
  • a sound device such as a loudspeaker
  • the invention may enhance or regenerate the quality of signals which have been disturbed by distance damping (dB) during the transmission. Furthermore, it may enhance or regenerate signals which have been disturb by external sources e.g. atmospheric disturbances or disturbances from other signals.
  • dB distance damping
  • the device for adaptive internal signal noise-control adapts to a given signal by means of a DSP real-time operative system. This means that the user does not have to perform any or only very few manual adjustments in connection with the use of the system in relation to a given application.
  • said noise-controlling device comprises controlling means for detecting the presence of a connection between said sound detecting means and said second device for external signal noise-control, it is possible for the noise-controlling device to decide how to react. In particular, it is possible to remove the second device from the signal path if there are no sound detecting means connected to the noise-controlling device and thereby ensure that only the parts of the noise-controlling device which are necessary for the functioning of the device are active. By this, energy efficiency is achieved as well as increased speed by the DSP since it only has to control the internal noise of the signals.
  • said additional means are storage means for storage of sound such as speech
  • the sounds to be stored may be speech including several instructions to be followed such as communication between an air- traffic controller and a pilot on an airplane. Since its very important that the pilot understands all instructions, the sounds can be stored and replayed at a later point. However, to ensure that the stored speech is understandable to the pilot, it is important that the stored sounds are noise-controlled before the pilot receives them in his headset. If the sounds are not noise-controlled, it is likely that the pilot has to pay closer attention to understanding the instructions and less to flying the airplane.
  • said additional means are storage means for storage of prerecorded sound such as speech
  • prerecorded sound such as speech
  • fig. 1 illustrates a communication system according to the invention
  • fig. 2 illustrates a communication system according to the invention schematically
  • fig. 3 illustrates a noise-controlling system according to the invention schematically
  • fig. 4 illustrates a noise-controlling system with sound storage
  • fig. 5 illustrates a noise-controlling system with sound storage and a timer system
  • fig. 6 illustrates a communication system with a remote control build into a knee board
  • fig. 7 illustrates encapsulation of a headset with a microphone inserted
  • fig. 8 illustrates a cable clip
  • the examined technique concerns a communication system as illustrated in fig. 1.
  • the communication system illustrated in fig. 1 comprises a communication device 10, usually a radio, with the ability to transmit and receive communication from other radios.
  • the communication system may also comprise an intercom system to facilitate communication within a smaller physical area e.g. on an airplane.
  • the communication device is connected to a sound device 13 through a noise- controlling system 11.
  • the sound device 13 normally consists of at least one loudspeaker and at least one microphone e.g. a pilot headset.
  • the noise-controlling system 11 consists of a first 20 and a second device for noise control 21 connected to each other, the communication and sound devices being serially connected.
  • the mutual order of the first and second devices is not important.
  • the second device may easily make up the first device of the noise-controlling system and be met by the signal from the communication device.
  • the first device 20 is for internal signal noise control and the second device 21 is for external signal noise control.
  • the internal noise can also be referred to as electric noise and the external noise as acoustic noise.
  • the noise control is possible by use of digital signal processor DSP.
  • the first device 20 for internal signal noise control works by analyzing and removing the background noise. Hereby, it is possible to increase the signal/noise levels considerably. Apart from removing undesirable static noise from the wind and atmospheric disorder, the DSP must be able to actively filter a given signal that has been distorted for a number of reasons.
  • a number of audio-improving functions are required in order to improve and thereby separate the desired communication from undesired background noise of e.g. atmospheric disorder or white noise from the various radio receivers and amplifiers on an airplane.
  • a number of simultaneous DSP techniques are required which, in turn, require a powerful DSP processor.
  • Linear Time Varying Wiener Filter One of the possibilities of removing broadband noise is referred to as "Linear Time Varying Wiener Filter”. It is a technique that involves static processing of a signal and identification and removal of background noise. This will enhance the desired sounds and reduce static background noise.
  • a linear adaptive filter is essentially a "Linear time-varying filter”. This means that the output y(t) is a linear combination of the filter input values:
  • the value L corresponds to the order to which the filter belongs.
  • W o X og W L - I X define the shape of the filter and are called "input response”.
  • LMS Least Mean Square
  • the filter is not able to provide an output signal which is completely independent of the input signal x(t). This is due to the fact that the input signal x(t) has to be correlated with the output signal d(t) in order to make it possible to make the output signal filter equal to d(t). If e.g. x(t) and d(t) are completely dependent on each other, the result will be that "filter taps" equal zero and the error signal equals the desired output signal because the output from the filter is zero.
  • the DSP technique known as "deconvolution” may also be applied.
  • the technique is often used to e.g. remove undesirable echoes from a signal.
  • a late version of the signal is fed into the adaptive filter, thereby making the DSP technique capable of recognizing and removing undesirable echoes and tones from e.g. atmospheric disorder etc.
  • the pilot needs to be able to pick up Morse signals and identifications of radio beacons. They Morse their identification with a two or three digit Morse signal. It must be ensured that the filter does not remove such Morse signals. This may be done by applying another technique known as "line enhancing". This technique does the exact opposite of the "deconvolution" which is to enhance the periodic signal or tone burried by the background noise.
  • a combination of these filters may be able to utilize the advantages of both filters. This is made possible by analyzing the input signal on a current basis and subsequently determining whether it involves a desired signal (Morse or the like) or whether it involves an undesired signal (atmospheric disorder).
  • AGC function automatic gain control
  • Homomorphic Signal Processing Another technique referred to as "Homomorphic Signal Processing”.
  • the AGC function may be problematic if the volume control on the airplane radio is turned down too low.
  • the DSP processor requires a certain audio level in order to operate. Thus, the pilot must adjust the volume control on all airplane radios to normal level. If the level is too low or too high, the DSP system will not be able to operate optimally.
  • the second device for external noise control 21 works by actively reducing the noise in the pilot's headset by using DSP-generated counter noise which is able to reduce certain sources of noise. This increase the effect of the passive sound in the headset even further.
  • a strategically placed sound detecting device 16 such as a microphone measures the actual noise level and the DSP processor generates exactly the same level of counter noise.
  • This technique is referred to as "Noise Cancellation" and makes use of a reference signal from a measuring microphone.
  • This measuring microphone featuring an extra cable 60 must be incorporated in the pilot's headset 14 either during manufacturing or by supplementary mounting. The microphone must be placed as close as possible to the pilot's ear (one microphone is sufficient). The pilot's headset microphone 15 cannot be used as a measuring microphone because it is noise-cancelled. The microphone is double. One microphone points away from the pilot's mount while the other points towards the mouth and only the difference between the two microphone signals is transmitted to the airplane radio.
  • the measuring microphone is used to generate a reference signal.
  • the filter may reconstruct the noise and the DSP processor may then generate counter noise on the basis of a counter technique that may reduce noise from e.g. engines and exhaust.
  • the objective is to obtain an ENR reduction of at least 10 dBa and preferably more.
  • the noise-controlling system has means for detecting the presence of a connection between the measuring microphone and the second device for external signal noise-control. If the connection is not present, the second device is turned off.
  • the first device for internal signal noise control works alone in the noise-controlling device until a connection to a microphone is detected.
  • the invention also has a failsafe mode to be used in case of a malfunction by the noise controlling device.
  • the noise controlling device is short- circuited in the failsafe mode.
  • the failsafe mode can also be used in case of a low power situation in a noise controlling device powered by a battery.
  • a storage system 40 is illustrated.
  • the storage system comprises a ring buffer wherein the last 40 seconds of communication are always stored. Each reproduction of 5 seconds may therefore make up one block in the ring buffer. Thus, if reproduction of the last 20 seconds is desired, the button 41 is pressed four times. The air-traffic controller's instructions are repeated and maybe written down and subsequently repeated to the air-traffic controller on the ground.
  • the ring buffer is overwritten after a period of 40 seconds.
  • This type of memory must be SRAM since it is not limited to a certain number of writings as is the case with e.g. flash memory.
  • a timer system 50 is illustrated.
  • the timer system is used when the weather conditions only permit flying by means of the instruments.
  • the pilot uses a timer system by means of which he may carry out the necessary maneuvers prior to landing.
  • the pilot has a stop watch mounted on top of the control panel.
  • the disadvantage of this is that the pilot has to divert his eyes away from important instruments during one of the most crucial moments which is during landing.
  • the function of the stop watch was only reported orally in the pilot's headset, he would be able dedicate all his attention to the important instruments.
  • This function of the stop watch would be carried out by means of synthetic/sampled voices presented in the pilot's headset. The level must be somewhat lower than that of the audio from the radio in order not to disturb radio communication.
  • the pilot uses a button 51 placed on the airplane control panel. Once the pilot presses one time on the stop watch button, a faint beep can be heard followed by a fainter beep for every second and after 30 seconds, the first reported time is rendered.
  • the reported time is rendered every 30 seconds in the following manner:
  • the stop watch automatically stops after a period of five minutes or if the pilot presses the stop watch button again. If the pilot stops time with another press on the button, two beeps are rendered. Thereby, it is easy to determine whether the stop watch has been activated or not. At the same time, it is necessary with a small display showing the time. The display must be placed in the control means featuring the two buttons for remote control.
  • a remote control 62 with a display is used to control one or more of the systems, and in particular the stop watch or the storage systems 40, 50.
  • the remote control 62 may be designed in such a manner that it is connected with the systems through a cable or alternatively wirelessly 64.
  • the remote control 62 will be provided with means for fixation in order to be able to place it onto desired surfaces.
  • the means for fixation may include e.g. Nelcro placed on the back of the remote so that it may be fixed onto other desirable places provided with Nelcro as well. Examples of such other places may be onto the pilot's flying suit, onto the pilot's knee board 61 or directly onto the yoke of the air plane.
  • the remote control may be incorporated in the pilot's knee board and in particular in the fixation mechanism for paper 63 which is often featured by such a knee board.
  • the knee boards on the market which may be mounted directly onto the yoke and steering post of the air plane which makes it particularly advantageous with an incorporated remote control as easy access for the pilot provides him with the opportunity gain a complete overall picture of the situation within a matter of seconds.
  • a microphone supporting unit 17 in plastic is used to hold the microphone in place in the headset.
  • This unit works both as a holder for the microphone and as a unit fixing the microphone inside the headset.
  • the microphone must be quite flat and feature a cable 60. Some kind of encapsulation of the cable and the microphone must be made to obtain a nice finish and a strain relief of the cable. It is important that the plastic material be manufactured in such a manner that mechanical resonance be avoided in the desired operating area.
  • the microphone supporting unit comprises spring arms that may be pressed together during assembly.
  • the person doing the assembly only has to press the four spring arms away from each other, place the microphone supporting unit in the space next to the loudspeaker in the headset - and then let go of the four plastic arms.
  • the microphone supporting unit is now in place and the microphone is inserted in the unit and the headset is subsequently provided with a small cushion.
  • the weight of the item must be kept at a minimum in order to avoid any significant increase in the weight of the headset.
  • a cable clip is shown.
  • the cable from the microphone must run along the normal cable of the headset.
  • a simple cable clip is made in soft plastic.
  • a number of cable clips are complimentary. They must be designed in such a manner that they are hardly visible on the outside of the cables. Also, it is important that the surface of these clips is smooth order to slide easily over all kinds of fabric such as e.g. a shirt or a pair of pants so that the person wearing these clothes feels that he can move around freely.
  • the clip is designed in the shape of an open eight 70, 71. In order to mount the cable, the eight may be opened on the one side 72, 73, the cable placed in the clip whereupon the eight is closed again.
  • the cable clip must be designed to fit each cable optimally. It must be fixed firmly onto the cable and hold the cables together and resist a possible pull attempting to separate them. While the invention has been described and illustrated herein with reference to the preferred embodiments thereof, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and details may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as characterized in the claims.
  • Sound device e.g. a headset
  • Encapsulated space e.g. in a headset
  • Holding means e.g. a spring

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Soundproofing, Sound Blocking, And Sound Damping (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un système de communications conçu pour des environnements bruyants, qui comporte un dispositif de communications; au moins un dispositif sonore doté de moyens d'émission et de réception sonores; un moyen de détection sonore conçu pour détecter au moins un signal de détection à proximité du moyen d'émission sonore; et un dispositif anti-bruit comprenant un premier dispositif de contrôle de bruit de signal interne relié au dispositif de communications ou au dispositif sonore ainsi qu'un second dispositif de contrôle de bruit de signal externe relié au dispositif de communications ou au dispositif sonore et au moyen de détection sonore. Au moins une connexion relie le premier dispositif de contrôle de bruit de signal interne et le second contrôle de bruit de signal reliée au dispositif de communications. Ledit dispositif anti-bruit reçoit au moins un signal du dispositif de communications ou du dispositif sonore et transmet la forme régulée de bruit desdits signaux au dispositif de communications ou dispositif sonore.
PCT/DK2001/000462 2000-07-03 2001-07-02 Systeme de communications dans des environnements bruyants WO2002003753A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU2001270477A AU2001270477A1 (en) 2000-07-03 2001-07-02 Communication system for noisy environments

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP00202312A EP1170976A1 (fr) 2000-07-03 2000-07-03 Système de communication dans des environnements bruyants
EP00202312.5 2000-07-03

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2002003753A1 true WO2002003753A1 (fr) 2002-01-10

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/DK2001/000462 WO2002003753A1 (fr) 2000-07-03 2001-07-02 Systeme de communications dans des environnements bruyants

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EP (1) EP1170976A1 (fr)
AU (1) AU2001270477A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2002003753A1 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE10327053A1 (de) * 2003-06-16 2005-01-05 Volkswagen Ag Audiosystem zum parallelen Hören unterschiedlicher Audioquellen

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7383106B1 (en) * 2005-05-31 2008-06-03 Coonse Jr Lester C Active noise control system for aircraft, and method for enhancing pilot situational awareness

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4052559A (en) * 1976-12-20 1977-10-04 Rockwell International Corporation Noise filtering device
WO1997002559A1 (fr) * 1995-07-03 1997-01-23 National Research Council Of Canada Systeme actif et numerique de reduction du bruit par amont
JP2000059876A (ja) * 1998-08-13 2000-02-25 Sony Corp 音響装置およびヘッドホン
US6064922A (en) * 1997-09-22 2000-05-16 Rockwell Collins, Inc. Untethered avionics kneeboard interface device

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4052559A (en) * 1976-12-20 1977-10-04 Rockwell International Corporation Noise filtering device
WO1997002559A1 (fr) * 1995-07-03 1997-01-23 National Research Council Of Canada Systeme actif et numerique de reduction du bruit par amont
US6064922A (en) * 1997-09-22 2000-05-16 Rockwell Collins, Inc. Untethered avionics kneeboard interface device
JP2000059876A (ja) * 1998-08-13 2000-02-25 Sony Corp 音響装置およびヘッドホン

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 2000, no. 05 14 September 2000 (2000-09-14) *

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE10327053A1 (de) * 2003-06-16 2005-01-05 Volkswagen Ag Audiosystem zum parallelen Hören unterschiedlicher Audioquellen

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP1170976A1 (fr) 2002-01-09
AU2001270477A1 (en) 2002-01-14

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