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WO2002000064A2 - Procede et siege soutenant le dos d'une personne assise - Google Patents

Procede et siege soutenant le dos d'une personne assise Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO2002000064A2
WO2002000064A2 PCT/US2001/019893 US0119893W WO0200064A2 WO 2002000064 A2 WO2002000064 A2 WO 2002000064A2 US 0119893 W US0119893 W US 0119893W WO 0200064 A2 WO0200064 A2 WO 0200064A2
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
backrest
spine
chair
inch
support
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US2001/019893
Other languages
English (en)
Other versions
WO2002000064A3 (fr
Inventor
David J. Vik
Original Assignee
Vik David J
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Vik David J filed Critical Vik David J
Priority to EP01948590A priority Critical patent/EP1299018A4/fr
Priority to CA002413319A priority patent/CA2413319A1/fr
Priority to AU2001270052A priority patent/AU2001270052A1/en
Publication of WO2002000064A2 publication Critical patent/WO2002000064A2/fr
Publication of WO2002000064A3 publication Critical patent/WO2002000064A3/fr

Links

Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A47—FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
    • A47C—CHAIRS; SOFAS; BEDS
    • A47C7/00—Parts, details, or accessories of chairs or stools
    • A47C7/36—Supports for the head or the back
    • A47C7/40—Supports for the head or the back for the back
    • A47C7/46—Supports for the head or the back for the back with special, e.g. adjustable, lumbar region support profile; "Ackerblom" profile chairs

Definitions

  • the present invention relates generally to methods for supporting the back of a seated person, and to ergonomic chairs or seats and adjustable backrests configured to accomplish the method of the invention.
  • the human spinal column comprises a . series of vertebral blocks extending from the occiput to the sacrum, or tailbone.
  • the individual vertebra are united by longitudinal ligaments and by intervertebral discs disposed between laminae of cartilage.
  • the spinal vertebra house the spinal cord and provide intervertebral outlets through which pass spinal nerves extending from the spinal cord.
  • a very large number of articles for sitting hereafter collectively referred to as chairs, are available on the market, many of which purport to provide comfortable and ergonomically effective support and to encourage proper posture in order to prevent spine related problems such as those discussed above.
  • the method of support employed by the pre-existing chairs does not provide the best biomechanical support for the spine.
  • such pre-existing chair designs are frequently complicated and expensive.
  • the chairs do not generally provide effective ergonomic support of the spine if the user moves.
  • the spatial relationship between the backrest and the seat of a chair in many pre-existing chair designs will change to a negative or less comfortable relationship with the user's back when the user leans back in the seat or chair.
  • What is needed is a method of supporting the back of a seated person that provides back support that is superior to the support provided by preexisting methods implemented using preexisting chair designs. What is also needed is a chair and backrest configuration that allows the use of the improved method and that is adaptable for use in many kinds of seating.
  • the present invention comprises a method for supporting the back of a seated person.
  • the method is intended to provide primary support to the back of a seated person at the junction between the lower thoracic vertebrae and the upper lumbar vertebrae and surrounding tissues.
  • the primary support is preferably provided to the spine in a target region generally around the 11 th thoracic vertebrae and the 2 nd lumbar vertebrae of a user of the chair, and more preferably between the 1 st lumbar vertebrae and the 12 th thoracic vertebrae, inclusive.
  • the method of the invention generally includes the following steps: (a) providing a backrest including a primary support region on the front surface of the backrest, and wherein the backrest is positionable to provide primary support to a target region of the spine of the seated person between the 2 nd lumbar vertebrae and the 11 th thoracic vertebrae, and (b) positioning the backrest by adjusting one or more dimensions of height, depth, and angle of the backrest so that the primary support region of the backrest contacts the target region of the spine between the 2 nd lumbar vertebrae and the 11 th thoracic vertebrae of a seated person, and more preferably between the 1 st lumbar vertebrae and the 12 th thoracic vertebrae.
  • the method may further comprise the step (c) applying a selected amount of traction to the spine of the seated person as the backrest is deflected backwards as the seated person leans back.
  • the selected amount of traction is preferably between 1/16 inch and 1/4 inch for each 3/4 inch to VA inch of backwards deflection of said backrest, and more preferably 1/8 inch for each 1 inch of backwards deflection of said backrest.
  • the backrest does not provide support below the 2 nd vertebrae.
  • Another aspect of the invention comprises a backrest that is configured to implement the method of the invention, and which may be incorporated into many other kinds of chairs or other kinds of seating, including but not limited to car seats, sofas, seats in public transportation vehicles, airlines, airport seats, public benches, and the like.
  • the backrest is positionable to provide primary support to the spine in the region between the 1 st lumbar vertebrae and the 12 th thoracic vertebrae of a user of the chair, and in some embodiments may also support the region between the 11 th thoracic vertebrae and the 2 nd lumbar vertebrae, inclusive.
  • the force applied by the primary support region of the backrest to the target region comprises a vector including both a vertical component and a horizontal component.
  • the vertical vector partially supports the weight of the user above the lumbar region of the spine preferably reducing the compressive forces experienced by the lumbar region of the spine.
  • the backrest is configured not to provide support directly to the lumbar region of the spine below the 2 nd lumbar vertebrae.
  • the backrest further includes a triangle-shaped protrusion for providing support to the thoracic region of the spine of the seated person.
  • the primary support region is located proximate the bottom of the backrest.
  • a further aspect of the invention comprises a seat or chair configuration that is configured to accomplish the methods of the invention, including supporting the spine as described, and in some embodiments applying traction.
  • the chair includes a support structure, a seat operably connected to the support structure, and a backrest as previously described.
  • the backrest support structure comprises a support arm made of a sheet of resilient material having a length divided into four regions comprising a lower end section, a lower intermediate section, an upper intermediate section, and an upper end section.
  • the depth of the seat may be adjustable by moving the lower end section of the support arm relative to a coupling affixed to the underside of the seat, and the height of the backrest may be adjustable along a length of an upper end section of the support arm.
  • the support arm may be coupled to the seat support structure, rather than to the underside of the seat.
  • the support structure supporting the seat includes one or more chair legs.
  • the support structure comprises a base including a mechanism for controlling and adjusting the height of the seat.
  • Some embodiments may include a footrest.
  • the footrest may comprise a body with a triangular cross section and an off center axis extending between the first end and the second ends.
  • the backrest includes a protrusion for providing additional support for the thoracic portion of the spine.
  • FIG. 1 shows a front view of a desk chair including a backrest configured to implement the method of the invention.
  • FIG. 2 shows a top cutaway view of the backrest of the chair of FIG. 1 taken along line 2-2.
  • FIG. 3 shows a side view of the chair of FIG. 1 showing a user seated, and a preferred relative position of the spine and backrest.
  • FIG. 4 shows in isolation an embodiment of a backrest support arm configured to provide a desired amount of traction to the spine when the user leans back.
  • FIG. 5 shows a side view of a preferred embodiment of the apparatus for adjusting the height and angle of the backrest relative to the seat of the chair.
  • FIG. 6 shows a perspective view of a preferred embodiment of the apparatus for adjusting the height and angle of the backrest relative to the seat of the chair.
  • the present invention comprises a method for supporting the back of a seated person.
  • the method is intended to provide primary support to the back of a seated person at the junction between the lower thoracic vertebrae and the upper lumbar vertebrae and surrounding tissues. More specifically, the primary support is preferably provided to the spine in a target region between the 11 th thoracic vertebrae and the 2 nd lumbar vertebrae of a user of the chair, and more preferably between the 1 st lumbar vertebrae and the 12 th thoracic vertebrae.
  • Primary support is preferably defined herein to mean the amount of support necessary to be applied to the target region of the spine in order to encourage the desired posture. While support may be provided over a larger area of the seated person's back than the target region, the pressure per given unit of surface area is preferably higher in the target region than elsewhere on the seated person's back.
  • the present invention also comprises a backrest configuration that accomplishes the method of the invention by supporting the users back at the junction between the lower thoracic vertebrae and the upper lumbar vertebrae and surrounding tissues.
  • Another aspect of the invention comprises a seat or chair configuration that provides a selected degree of traction applied to the lumbar region of the spine when the user leans back in the seat or chair.
  • the method of the invention generally includes the following steps: (a) providing a backrest including a primary support region on the front surface of the backrest, and wherein the backrest is positionable to provide primary support to a target region of the spine of the seated person generally around the 2 nd lumbar vertebrae and the 11 th thoracic vertebrae, and (b) positioning the backrest by adjusting one or more dimensions of height, depth, and angle of the backrest so that the primary support region of the backrest contacts the target region of the spine between the 2 nd lumbar vertebrae and the 11 th thoracic vertebrae of a seated person, and more preferably between the 1 st lumbar vertebrae and the 12 th thoracic vertebrae.
  • the method may further comprise the step (c) applying a selected amount of traction to the spine of the seated person as the backrest is deflected backwards as the seated person leans back.
  • the selected amount of traction is preferably between 1/16 inch and 1/4 inch for each 3/4 inch to VA inch of backwards deflection of said backrest, and more preferably 1/8 inch for each 1 inch of backwards deflection of said backrest.
  • the traction applied to the spine provides several benefits including but not limited to increased comfort, encouragement of correct posture of the spine while leaning back, and maintenance of contact between the primary support region of the backrest and the target region of the spine.
  • the force applied by the primary support region of the backrest to the target region of the spine comprises a vector including both a vertical component and a horizontal component.
  • the backrest does not provide support below the 2 nd vertebrae.
  • the backrest further includes a triangle-shaped protrusion for providing support to the thoracic region of the spine of the seated person.
  • the primary support region is located proximate the bottom of the backrest.
  • FIGS. 1-6 An example configuration of a backrest and chair configured to accomplish the methods of the invention will be described in the figures and the text below.
  • An office chair is shown in FIGS. 1-6, however, the method of the invention may be implemented by backrests incorporated into many other kinds of chairs or other kinds of seating, including but not limited to car seats, sofas, seats in public transportation vehicles, airlines, airport seats, public benches, and the like.
  • an example chair 100 generally comprises a seat 102, a backrest 104, a seat support structure 106 to support the seat 102, and a backrest support structure 108 that extends between the backrest 104 and the seat 102, although, in alternate embodiments the backrest support structure 108 could be coupled to the seat support structure 106.
  • any known means for supporting the seat 102 and backrest 104 may be used for the seat support structure 106, including but not limited to one or more legs, or pedestal configurations, which may or may not include wheels.
  • the preferred seat support structure 106 in this example is a wheeled pedestal 110 that is adjustable in height.
  • the pedestal 110 best seen in FIGS. 1 and 3, preferably comprises a telescoping column 112 that allows the height of the seat 102 to be adjusted to accommodate persons of different height or build.
  • Any known means for adjusting the height of the column 112 may be used, however, in the preferred embodiment the telescoping column 112 is hydraulic, and includes a height adjustment arm 114 to engage and disengage a known locking system to hold the column 112 at the desired height.
  • the column 112 is under pressure, which biases the seat 102 upward.
  • the user simply stands or otherwise removes his or her weight from the seat 102, releases the locking system using the height adjustment arm 114, and the seat 102 will rise.
  • the seat 102 reaches the desire level, the user re-engages the locking system using the height adjustment arm 114.
  • the user simply, releases the locking system using the height adjustment arm 114, then sits or otherwise places sufficient weight on the chair 100 to overcome the upward bias of the hydraulic pressure.
  • the seat 102 falls to the desired level, the user re-engages the locking system using the height adjustment arm 114.
  • the pedestal 110 preferably includes a plurality of arms 116 radiating from the bottom of the column 112 in a plane roughly perpendicular to the vertical axis of the column 112. Preferably, for stability, at least four such arms 116 radiate from the bottom end of the column 112, however, in alternate embodiments, other configurations may be used.
  • the outer end 120 of each arm 116 preferably includes a castor or wheel structure 122 to allow the seat 102 to roll easily.
  • An adjustable footrest 128 is preferably coupled between two of the radiating arms.
  • the footrest 128 is a bar or tube with a triangular cross-section, and includes an off center axis 130 running through footrest 128 from one end of the footrest 128 to the other.
  • the use of the off center axis 130 allows the level of the footrest 128 to be adjusted by selecting between the three sides of the footrest 128.
  • the corners of the footrest 128 are preferably rounded in order to avoid the possibility of injury to the user.
  • the chair 100 may not include a footrest 128, or the footrest 128 may be coupled to a portion of the column 112 rather than to the radiating arms 116. Many other useable footrest configurations are known and may be apparent to one skilled in the art, and such alternate designs are comprehended to be included in the invention.
  • the top of the column 112 is preferably coupled to the underside of the seat.
  • the specific apparatus or means used to couple the top of the column 112 to the underside of the seat 102 is not critical to the invention, and any known and acceptable manner or means for doing so may be used.
  • the connection between the top of the column 112 and the underside of the seat 102 preferably includes a pivot means to allow the seat 102 to rotate around a central axis of the column 112 of the pedestal 110 in a plane horizontal to the support surface or ground. The coupling may also allow the seat 102 to tilt back, if desired.
  • the upper surface of the seat 102 is preferably configured to conform to the posterior of a typical user.
  • the particular configuration of the seat 102 is not critical to the invention, and a variety of known seat 102 configurations are useable.
  • the seat 102 comprises a bottom plate made of plastic or metal over which one or more layers of padding such as rubber, foam rubber, cotton, etc., are laid, and a seat 102 cover, made of any acceptable fabric material, synthetic webbing, or the like.
  • the seat 102 may include any known and acceptable features for increasing the comfort of the seat.
  • the backrest 104 is configured to provide primary support to the spine 134, seen in FIG. 3, at the target region surrounding the junction between the lower thoracic vertebrae number 12, and the upper lumbar vertebrae number 1.
  • the backrest is preferably adjustable in at least height, depth, and angle so as to be easily positioned at the target region.
  • the area of primary support may be somewhat larger, including the 11 th thoracic vertebrae and the 2 nd lumbar vertebrae. This provides superior support over other pre-existing designs which tend to focus only on keeping the lumbar vertebrae in the preferred curved configuration, and do not provide support or lift to the rest of the spine 134.
  • the weight of the upper portion of the "S" curve of the spine 134 is partially supported. This reduces wear on the lumbar region 136 of the spine 134, and improves the comfort of the chair 100.
  • Providing primary support at the area between the 12 th thoracic and the 1 st lumbar vertebrae is novel, and may be is accomplished by a number of different backrest configurations comprehended by the invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a cutaway top view of the backrest 104 of FIG. 1 taken along line A- A, the backrest
  • the 104 includes a curve to promote spinal alignment.
  • the amount of curve may be varied within reasonable limits.
  • the angle of the surface of the backrest 104 in contact with the user is between 0 and 22.5 degrees from vertical, and more preferably approximately 12.5 degrees from vertical.
  • the primary support region 140 on the backrest 104 is preferably near the bottom of the backrest 104.
  • the gap between the seat 102 and the bottom of the backrest 104 is intended to prevent lateral or side pressure against the lumbar vertebrae.
  • the point of maximum force on the users back preferably results from the contact of the primary support region 140 on the backrest 104 against the target region or tissues roughly between the 12 th thoracic vertebrae and the 1 st lumbar vertebrae, or in some embodiments, between the 11 th thoracic vertebrae and the 2 nd lumbar vertebrae.
  • the direction of force 124 applied to the users back at the target region preferably has both a vertical element or vector and horizontal element or vector.
  • the vertical vector supports some of the weight of the spine 134 at the lumbar region 136, reducing the weight supported by the lumbar region 136 of the spine 134.
  • the portions of the back rest above the primary support region 140 are intended to provide a comfortable resistance when the user leans back in the chair, and to assist the user in maintaining a proper curve of the thoracic region 138 of the spine 134.
  • the other features of the backrest 104 may be varied without leaving the scope of the comprehended invention.
  • a thoracic lift triangle 150 is also included on the backrest 104, best seen in FIG. 1.
  • the thoracic lift triangle 150 is intended to contact the thoracic region 138 of the spine 134 to assist the user in maintaining proper posture.
  • the chair 100 includes arm rests 154, however, virtually any arm rest configuration may be used, and the particular configuration selected is not critical to the invention.
  • the chair 100 may be fabricated without armrests 154.
  • elbow alignment cut-outs 152 may be provided so that the user can pull his or her arms back on the arm rests 154 comfortably without encountering the backrest 104.
  • the chair 100 preferably allows the backrest 104 to move or tip back as the user leans back.
  • an important feature in some embodiments of the invention is the application a selected degree of traction or stretching of the lumbar region 136 of the spine 134 when a user leans back in the chair.
  • the amount of traction is preferably between approximately 1/16 inch and 1/4 inch for each approximately 3/4 inch to VA inch of backwards deflection of the backrest, and more preferably approximately 1/8 inch for each approximately 1 inch of backwards deflection of the back rest.
  • the traction applied to the spine may provide several benefits including but not limited to increased comfort, encouragement of correct posture of the spine while leaning back, and maintenance of contact between the primary support region of the backrest and the target region of the spine.
  • the backrest support structure will now be described, however, in alternate embodiments, virtually any back rest support structure or configuration may be used so long as it provides the desired spinal traction.
  • the traction may be obtained by using a backrest support arm 160 configured as shown in isolation in FIG. 4.
  • the backrest support arm 160 is preferably constructed using steel, however, a variety of other materials may be useable.
  • the configuration of the backrest support arm 160 may be easily varied from the description below by one skilled in the art to account for the use of a different thickness of material or the use of different materials, or the use of a backrest support arm 160 having a different cross sectional shape, without leaving the spirit and scope of the invention.
  • the backrest support arm 160 preferably comprises a single unitary arm including four distinct sections.
  • the lower end section 162 is intended to couple to the underside of the seat 102, preferably in a manner that allows the back rest support arm 160 to be adjusted backwards or forwards along the length of the lower end section 162 of the back rest support arm 160. This is intended to allow the back rest to be adjusted relative to the seat 102 in order to adjust the depth of the seat 102 to accommodate different users. Virtually any known mechanism for adjusting the depth of the seat 102 may be used, and the particular mechanism selected is not critical to the invention.
  • the number 170 is intended to generally indicate a generic known mechanism for accomplishing the desired adjustability.
  • the lower end section 162 of the support arm 160 preferably lies approximately horizontal to the ground, and may be of any desired length, but is preferably approximately 12.4 inches.
  • a first bend 174 is made in the backrest support arm 160 between the lower end section 162 and the lower intermediate section 176 of the back rest support arm 160.
  • the turn is preferably configured so that the an angle ⁇ l of approximately 82 degrees is made between the lower end section 162 and the lower intermediate section 176.
  • the lower intermediate section 176 is preferably approximately 6.8 inches long.
  • a second bend 180 is made between the lower intermediate section 176 of the backrest support arm 160, and the upper intermediate section 182 of the backrest support arm 160.
  • the bend preferably creates an angle ⁇ 2 of approximately 54.5 degrees from an axis of the lower intermediate support arm 160, as seen in FIG. 4.
  • the length of the upper intermediate section 182 is preferably approximately 4.7 inches.
  • a third bend 188 is made between the upper intermediate section 182 and the upper end section 190.
  • the third bend 188 preferably results in an angle ⁇ 3 of approximately 70 degrees between the upper end section 190 and an axis of the upper intermediate section 182.
  • the upper end section 190 may be any length sufficient to support the backrest 104.
  • the description of the support arm 160 seen in FIG. 4 is provided as an example.
  • the combination of lengths of segments and angles of bends disclosed may be easily modified by one skilled in the art without leaving the spirit and scope of the invention, provided the resulting configuration results in a support arm 160 that provides the desired traction.
  • the upper end section 190 is preferably coupled to the back of the backrest 104 in a manner that allows the backrest 104 to be adjusted along the length of the upper end section 190 of the backrest support arm 160.
  • the angle of the backrest is also preferably adjustable. Any known mechanism for adjusting the height and angle of the backrest may be used, however, a preferred embodiment is shown in FIGS. 5 and 6. In this embodiment a collar 200 is fitted over the upper portion 190 of the backrest support arm 106.
  • a first pneumatic cylinder 202 is coupled to the backside of the collar with a first piston 204 extending through aligned opposing apertures on each side of the collar 200, and through a slot 214, seen in FIG. 6, in the backrest support arm 160.
  • a second pneumatic cylinder 206 is positioned below the first pneumatic cylinder 202, with an outer end of the piston 208 of the second pneumatic cylinder 206 being coupled to the first pneumatic cylinder 202.
  • a first pivot 210 is coupled to the front of the collar 200, which is further pivotally coupled to the back plate 216, which is attached to the backrest 104.
  • a second pivot 212 is coupled to the back plate 216 and is further pivotally coupled to an outer end of the piston 204 of the first pneumatic cylinder 202, which extends through the slot 214 in the support arm 160.
  • the angle of the backrest 104 may be adjusted.
  • the piston 208 of the second pneumatic cylinder 206 the backrest 104 may be adjusted vertically.

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  • Chairs For Special Purposes, Such As Reclining Chairs (AREA)
  • Orthopedics, Nursing, And Contraception (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un procédé et un appareil soutenant le dos d'une personne assise par un soutien primaire du dos de la personne assise à l'articulation entre la vertèbre thoracique inférieure et la vertèbre lombaire supérieure et les tissus environnants. Plus particulièrement, ce soutien primaire se porte de préférence à la colonne vertébrale au niveau d'une zone cible se situant entre la 11e vertèbre thoracique et la 2e vertèbre lombaire de l'utilisateur du siège, avec une préférence plus marquée pour la zone entre la 1e vertèbre lombaire et la 12e vertèbre thoracique.
PCT/US2001/019893 2000-06-23 2001-06-22 Procede et siege soutenant le dos d'une personne assise WO2002000064A2 (fr)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP01948590A EP1299018A4 (fr) 2000-06-23 2001-06-22 Procede et siege soutenant le dos d'une personne assise
CA002413319A CA2413319A1 (fr) 2000-06-23 2001-06-22 Procede et siege soutenant le dos d'une personne assise
AU2001270052A AU2001270052A1 (en) 2000-06-23 2001-06-22 Methods and chair for supporting the back of a seated person

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US09/602,904 US6394547B1 (en) 2000-06-23 2000-06-23 Ergonomic chair
US09/602,904 2000-06-23

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2002000064A2 true WO2002000064A2 (fr) 2002-01-03
WO2002000064A3 WO2002000064A3 (fr) 2002-07-18

Family

ID=24413249

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/US2001/019893 WO2002000064A2 (fr) 2000-06-23 2001-06-22 Procede et siege soutenant le dos d'une personne assise

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (2) US6394547B1 (fr)
EP (1) EP1299018A4 (fr)
AU (1) AU2001270052A1 (fr)
CA (1) CA2413319A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2002000064A2 (fr)

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US6086157A (en) 1991-01-10 2000-07-11 Toso; Victor Ergonomic chair
US5249839A (en) 1991-11-12 1993-10-05 Steelcase Inc. Split back chair
DE4239548A1 (en) * 1992-11-25 1993-04-15 Juergen Stiewe Office or work chair - has brackets, rollers, and circular tracks to allow adjustable tilt for seat and backrest
CA2116079C (fr) 1993-02-22 2005-12-27 Benjamin Cowan Chaise
US5344211A (en) 1993-08-05 1994-09-06 Riyaz Adat Adjustable backrest

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2561703A (en) * 2017-03-14 2018-10-24 Ephgrave Caroline Chair assembly
GB2561703B (en) * 2017-03-14 2021-11-10 Ephgrave Caroline Chair assembly

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AU2001270052A1 (en) 2002-01-08
US20010054836A1 (en) 2001-12-27
WO2002000064A3 (fr) 2002-07-18
EP1299018A2 (fr) 2003-04-09
US6394547B1 (en) 2002-05-28
US6692081B2 (en) 2004-02-17
EP1299018A4 (fr) 2004-07-14
CA2413319A1 (fr) 2002-01-03

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