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WO2001018165A1 - A detergent composition containing a protease - Google Patents

A detergent composition containing a protease Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2001018165A1
WO2001018165A1 PCT/US1999/020498 US9920498W WO0118165A1 WO 2001018165 A1 WO2001018165 A1 WO 2001018165A1 US 9920498 W US9920498 W US 9920498W WO 0118165 A1 WO0118165 A1 WO 0118165A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
cleavage rate
protease
alkyl
primary
ratio
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US1999/020498
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Golam Faruque Khan
Ryohei Ohtani
Original Assignee
The Procter & Gamble Company
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by The Procter & Gamble Company filed Critical The Procter & Gamble Company
Priority to MXPA02002682A priority Critical patent/MXPA02002682A/en
Priority to EP99946786A priority patent/EP1212397A1/en
Priority to JP2001522377A priority patent/JP2003509537A/en
Priority to CA002382870A priority patent/CA2382870A1/en
Priority to CN99816985.4A priority patent/CN1375000A/en
Priority to BR9917481-2A priority patent/BR9917481A/en
Priority to PCT/US1999/020498 priority patent/WO2001018165A1/en
Priority to AU59115/99A priority patent/AU5911599A/en
Publication of WO2001018165A1 publication Critical patent/WO2001018165A1/en
Priority to US10/094,465 priority patent/US20020142934A1/en

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12Q—MEASURING OR TESTING PROCESSES INVOLVING ENZYMES, NUCLEIC ACIDS OR MICROORGANISMS; COMPOSITIONS OR TEST PAPERS THEREFOR; PROCESSES OF PREPARING SUCH COMPOSITIONS; CONDITION-RESPONSIVE CONTROL IN MICROBIOLOGICAL OR ENZYMOLOGICAL PROCESSES
    • C12Q1/00—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions
    • C12Q1/34—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions involving hydrolase
    • C12Q1/37—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions involving hydrolase involving peptidase or proteinase
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
    • C11D3/16—Organic compounds
    • C11D3/38—Products with no well-defined composition, e.g. natural products
    • C11D3/386—Preparations containing enzymes, e.g. protease or amylase
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2500/00—Screening for compounds of potential therapeutic value

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to detergent compositions which comprise a protease. More particularly, the present invention relates to laundry detergent compositions, dishwashing detergent compositions, hard surface cleaning compositions and personal cleansing compositions which comprise a protease.
  • protease enzymes have long been used in laundry detergents to assist in the removal of certain stains from fabrics.
  • Each class of enzyme (amylase, protease, lipases, cellulases, etc.) generally catalyze a different chemical reaction.
  • protease enzymes are known for their ability to hydrolyze (break down a compound into two or more simpler compounds) other proteins.
  • Many food products and other organic materials contain proteins that stain fabric materials, such as clothing.
  • proteease enzymes can help remove these stains by breaking down the proteins.
  • Naturally occurring or engineered protease enzymes have been added to laundry detergent compositions for this reason.
  • Protein usually consists of 20 types of amino acids and these amino acids form a long polypeptide chain. In the. polypeptide chain, each amino acid forms a peptide bond with others amino acids. Proteases hydrolyze this peptide bond as a substrate. However, each protease has a different substrate specificity. For example, some proteases prefer Insulin beta chain and hydrolyze a peptide bond between Valine (Val) and Cystine (Cys) of the insulin beta chain, but other protease hydrolyze a peptide bond between Proline (Pro) and Lysine (Lys) of the insulin beta chain. Therefore, since protease substrate specificity is one of the most important factors when applying proteases to detergent compositions, we need to select the most appropriate protease from among many types of protease.
  • a detergent composition containing a protease which is effective for removing soils, especially protein based stains and a detergent composition containing a protease wherein the protease is screened by a process, have now been found.
  • the present invention relates to detergent compositions which comprise a protease(s). More particularly, the present invention relates to laundry detergent compositions, dishwashing detergent compositions, hard surface cleaning compositions and personal cleansing compositions which comprise a protease.
  • a detergent composition comprising a protease which the protease is screened by a process comprising measuring the Primary Cleavage Rate, measuring the
  • the protease has a Primary Cleavage Rate higher than 1200 ⁇ g/min/ ⁇ g and the ratio of the Primary Cleavage Rate to the Secondary Cleavage Rate is from about 50:1 to about 130:1.
  • the protease is preferably derived from Bacillus Subtilis.
  • a detergent composition comprising : a) from about 0.01 % to about 60% by weight of a detersive surfactant; b) from about 5% to about 80% by weight of a detergent builder; and c) from about 0.0001 % to about 5% by weight of a protease having the Primary Cleavage Rate higher than 1000 ⁇ g/min/ ⁇ g and the ratio of the Primary Cleavage Rate to the Secondary Cleavage Rate lower than 150. 1.
  • a process for screening by a process comprising the steps of:a. measuring the Primary Cleavage Rate; b. measuring the Second Cleavage Rate;c.
  • detergent composition or “detergent” is intended to designate any of the agents conventionally used for removing soil, such as general household detergents or laundry detergents of the synthetic or soap type.
  • protease is screened by a process comprising measuring the Primary Cleavage Rate, measuring the Second Cleavage Rate and calculating the ratio of the Primary Cleavage Ratio to the Second Cleavage Rate of proteases.
  • Proteases are selected that having a Primary Cleavage Rate higher than 1000 ⁇ g/min/ ⁇ g and aratio of the Primary Cleavage Rate to the Secondary Cleavage Rate lower than 150:1 wherein the protease
  • the protease in the detergent composition of the present invention can be obtained from natural sources or recombinant sources. If the protease is obtained from natural sources, the protease is preferably derived from Bacillus Subtilis.
  • protease for detergent compositions of the present invention, two main characteristics of proteases are important, one is kinetics of hydrolysis (which is correspond to the Primary Cleavage Rate), another is a broad cleavage specificity (which is correspond to the Secondary Cleavage Rate). Either the detergents of this invention clean better or ther is NO invention. Again, you must relate these characteristics to the cleavage rates.
  • the Cleavage Rate measures how rapid the protease hydrolyzes Insulin B chain polypeptide.
  • the insulin B chain polypeptide consists of 30 amino acids.
  • protease hydrolyzes the peptide bond between No. 15 Leusin (Leu) and No. 16 Tyrosine (Tyr) and makes two short polypeptides.
  • the Primary Cleavage Rate of the present invention represents how rapidly the protease hydrolyzes the Insulin beta chain polypeptide and makes two short polypeptides. If the Primary Cleavage Rate of a protease is high, the protease can hydrolyze and make two shorter polypeptides more rapidly. Thus, the Primary Cleavage Rate of the present invention represents kinetics of hydrolysis of proteases.
  • the protease can hydrolyze protein soils more rapidly.
  • the Insulin beta chain polypeptide is hydrolyzed to two short polypeptides by protease. These two polypeptides do not contain a Leu-Tyr peptide bond because the one available bond was cleaved as described above.
  • the protease In order to hydrolyze the short polypeptides, the protease must hydrolyze other peptide bonds besides Leu-Tyr.
  • One way of quantifying a proteases ability to cleave other bonds is defined as the cleavage specificity.
  • the cleavage specificity is the ability of a protease to cleave the peptide bond next to different amino acids. For example, if a protease cleaves the peptide bond between Leu- Tyr, the cleavage specificity is Leu. Some proteases can cleave several bonds next to different amino acids on different proteins. If the protease has a broader cleavage specificity, the protease may hydrolyze the peptide more rapidly.
  • the Secondary Cleavage Rate represents how rapid protease hydrolyzes the short peptides that results after the Primary Cleavage discussed above.
  • the protease can hydrolyze the short polypeptides more rapidly and it means that the protease has a broader cleavage specificity.
  • both the Primary Cleavage Rate and the ratio of the Primary Cleavage Rate to the Secondary Cleavage Rate are important.
  • the ratio of the Primary Cleavage Rate to the Secondary Cleavage rate represents a balance between kinetics of hydrolysis and the broad cleavage specificity. If this ratio is higher than 150:1 , the protease shows relatively less broad cleavage specificity, which results in some protein stains residue remaining on fabrics. Thus, the cleaning efficiency is deminished.
  • a detergent composition comprising a protease wherein the protease is screened by a process comprising: a) measuring the Primary Cleavage Rate, measuring the Secondary Cleavage Rate and calculating the ratio of the Primary Cleavage Rate to the Secondary Cleavage Rate of proteases; and b) selecting proteases having the Primary Cleavage Rate higher than 1000 ⁇ g/min/ ⁇ g, preferably, higher than 1200 ⁇ g/min/ ⁇ g, and the ratio of the Primary Cleavage Rate to the Secondary Cleavage Rate lower than 150:1 , preferably, from about 50:1 to about 130:1.
  • protease are screened. These proteases were described in WO 9920769, WO 9920770, WO 9920771. In order to measure the Primary Cleavage Rate and the Second Cleavage
  • Insulin beta (B) chain fragmentation pattern test we use Insulin beta (B) chain fragmentation pattern test. Insulin B-chain fragmentation pattern -test method is performed as follows:
  • Insulin B-chain fragmentation pattern test The primary cleavage sites are defined as the sites cleaved in the early stage of hydrolysis of insulin B-chain (before hydrolyzing less than 50% of insulin B-chain).
  • the primary cleavage sites are defined as the sites cleaved in the early stage of hydrolysis of insulin B-chain (before hydrolyzing less than 50% of insulin B-chain).
  • the following method is used. 1 mg/ml of oxidized insulin B-chain is prepared in 0.1 M tris-HCL buffer of pH 7.0 and incubated at 35 °C for 10 min. Then, 10 microliter of enzyme solution is mixed with the insulin solution to a final enzyme concentration of 0.1-0.2 ppm. After 3 min of hydrolysis, the reaction is stopped by adding equal volume of 0.1 M HCl.
  • the reaction mixture is analyzed by HPLC to measure the fragmented peptides.
  • the identification of the fragmented peptides were performed by measuring the MW by LC/MS. The peaks were quantitatively calculated from the peak area. The p ⁇ mary cleavage rate is calculated from the disappearance of insulin B chain in 3 min.
  • oxidized insulin B-chain is prepared in 0.1 M tris-HCL buffer of pH 7.0 and incubated at 35 °C for 10 min. Then, 10 microliter of enzyme solution is mixed with the insulin solution to a final enzyme concentration of 0.1-0.2 ppm. After 2 hr of hydrolysis, the reaction is stopped by adding equal volume of 0.1 M HCl. Then, the reaction mixture is analyzed by HPLC to measure the fragmented peptides. The peaks are quantitatively calculated from the peak area. The secondary cleavage rate is calculated from the disappearance of the peptides generated by the primary hydrolysis, i.e. the disappearance of peptide 1 -15 and peptide16-30 in 2 hr. DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS
  • the detergent composition of the present invention contains from about
  • the present invention provides a detergent composition comprising from about 0.0001 % to about 5% by weight of protease wherein the protease has the Primary Cleavage Rate higher than 1000 ⁇ g/min/ ⁇ g and the ratio of the Primary Cleavage Rate to the Secondary Cleavage Rate is lower than 150:1. Since the Primary Cleavage Rate is higher than 1000 ⁇ g/min/ ⁇ g, the protease in the detergent composition of the present invention can hydrolyze protein soils more rapidly. And since the ratio of the
  • the detergent composition containing a protease which is screened by the process above shows better cleaning performance.
  • the detergent composition of the present invention contains from about 0.0001 % to about 5%, preferably, from about 0.002% to about 1 % by weight of the protease.
  • the detergent compositions of the present invention includes surfactants wherein the surfactant can be selected from the group consisting of nonionic and/or anionic and/or cationic and/or ampholytic and/or zwitterionic and/or semi- polar surfactants.
  • the surfactant is typically present at a level of from about 0.01 % to about 60% by weight. More preferred levels of incorporation are from about 1 % to about 35% by weight, most preferably from about 1 % to about 30% by weight of detergent compositions in accord with the invention.
  • the surfactant is preferably formulated to be compatible with enzyme components present in the composition. In liquid or gel compositions the surfactant is most preferably formulated such that it promotes, or at least does not degrade, the stability of any enzyme in these compositions.
  • Preferred surfactants to be used according to the present invention comprise as a surfactant one or more of the nonionic and/or anionic surfactants described herein.
  • Polyethylene, polypropylene, and polybutylene oxide condensates of alkyl phenols are suitable for use as the nonionic surfactant of the present invention, with the polyethylene oxide condensates being preferred.
  • These compounds include the condensation products of alkyl phenols having an alkyl group containing from about 6 to about 14 carbon atoms, preferably from about 8 to about 14 carbon atoms, in either a straight-chain or branched-chain configuration with the alkylene oxide.
  • the ethylene oxide is present in an amount equal to from about 2 to about 25 moles, more preferably from about 3 to about 15 moles, of ethylene oxide per mole of alkyl phenol.
  • nonionic surfactants of this type include IgepafM CO-
  • alkylphenol alkoxylates e.g., alkyl phenol ethoxylates
  • the condensation products of primary and secondary aliphatic alcohols with from about 1 to about 25 moles of ethylene oxide are suitable for use as the nonionic surfactant of the nonionic surfactant s of the present invention.
  • the alkyl chain of the aliphatic alcohol can either be straight or branched, primary or secondary, and generally contains from about 8 to about 22 carbon atoms.
  • About 2 to about 7 moles of ethylene oxide and most preferably from 2 to 5 moles of ethylene oxide per mole of alcohol are present in said condensation products.
  • nonionic surfactants of this type include Tergitol T M 15-S-9 (the condensation product of C11 -C15 linear alcohol with 9 moles ethylene oxide), TergitolT 24-L-6 NMW (the condensation product of C-12-C14 primary alcohol with 6 moles ethylene oxide with a narrow molecular weight distribution), both marketed by Union Carbide Corporation; NeodolTM 45-9 (the condensation product of C14-C-15 linear alcohol with 9 moles of ethylene oxide), NeodofTM 23-3 (the condensation product of C-
  • HLB in these products is from 8-1 1 and most preferred from 8-10.
  • Also useful nonionic surfactants of the present invention are the alkylpolysaccharides disclosed in U.S. Patent 4,565,647, Llenado, issued January 21 , 1986, having a hydrophobic group containing from about 6 to about 30 carbon atoms, preferably from about 10 to about 16 carbon atoms and a polysaccharide, e.g. a polyglycoside, hydrophilic group containing from about 1.3 to about 10, preferably from about 1.3 to about 3, most preferably from about 1.3 to about 2.7 saccharide units.
  • Any reducing saccharide containing 5 or 6 carbon atoms can be used, e.g., glucose, galactose and galactosyl moieties can be substituted for the glucosyl moieties (optionally the hydrophobic group is attached at the 2-, 3-, 4-. etc. positions thus giving a glucose or galactose as opposed to a glucoside or galactoside).
  • the intersaccharide bonds can be, e.g., between the one position of the additional saccharide units and the 2-, 3-, 4-, and/or 6- positions on the preceding saccharide units.
  • the preferred alkylpolyglycosides have the formula
  • R2 is selected from the group consisting of alkyl, alkylphenyl, hydroxyalkyl, hydroxyalkylphenyl, and mixtures thereof in which the alkyl groups contain from about 10 to about 18, preferably from about 12 to about 14, carbon atoms; n is 2 or 3, preferably 2; t is from 0 to about 10, preferably 0; and x is from about 1.3 to about 10, preferably from about 1.3 to about 3, most preferably from about 1.3 to about 2.7.
  • the glycosyl is preferably derived from glucose. To prepare these compounds, the alcohol or alkylpolyethoxy alcohol is formed first and then reacted with glucose, or a source of glucose, to form the glucoside (attachment at the 1 -position). The additional glycosyl units can then be attached between their 1 -position and the preceding glycosyl units 2-, 3-, 4- and/or 6- position, preferably predominately the 2-position.
  • the condensation products of ethylene oxide with a hydrophobic base formed by the condensation of propylene oxide with propylene glycol are also suitable for use as the additional nonionic detersive surfactant of the present invention.
  • the hydrophobic portion of these compounds will preferably have a molecular weight of from about 1500 to about 1800 and will exhibit water insolubility.
  • the addition of polyoxyethylene moieties to this hydrophobic portion tends to increase the water solubility of the molecule as a whole, and the liquid character of the product is retained up to the point where the polyoxyethylene content is about 50% of the total weight of the condensation product, which corresponds to condensation with up to about 40 moles of ethylene oxide.
  • Examples of compounds of this type include certain of the commercially-available PlurafacTM LF404 and PluronicTM surfactants, marketed by BASF.
  • PlurafacTM LF404 and PluronicTM surfactants are also suitable for use as the nonionic surfactant of the present invention.
  • the hydrophobic moiety of these products consists of the reaction product of ethylenediamine and excess propylene oxide, and generally has a molecular weight of from about 2500 to about 3000. This hydrophobic moiety is condensed with ethylene oxide to the extent that the condensation product contains from about 40% to about 80% by weight of polyoxyethylene and has a molecular weight of from about 5,000 to about 1 1 ,000.
  • nonionic surfactant examples include certain of the commercially available TetronicT compounds, marketed by BASF.
  • Preferred for use as the nonionic surfactant of the present invention are polyethylene oxide condensates of alkyl phenols, condensation products of primary and secondary aliphatic alcohols with from about 1 to about 25 moles of ethylene oxide, alkylpoiysaccharides, and mixtures thereof.
  • Most preferred are C-8-C-I4 alkyl phenol ethoxylates having from 3 to 15 ethoxy groups and Cg-C ⁇ s alcohol ethoxylates (preferably C-
  • Highly preferred nonionic surfactants are polyhydroxy fatty acid amide surfactants of the formula.
  • R1 is H, or R 1 is C-1.4 hydrocarbyl, 2-hydroxy ethyl, 2-hydroxy propyl or a mixture thereof, R ⁇ is C5.31 hydrocarbyl, and Z is a polyhydroxyhydrocarbyl having a linear hydrocarbyl chain with at least 3 hydroxyls directly connected to the chain, or an alkoxylated derivative thereof.
  • R 1 is methyl
  • R ⁇ is a straight C-
  • Z is derived from a reducing sugar such as glucose, fructose, maltose, lactose, in a reductive amination reaction.
  • Suitable anionic surfactants to be used are linear alkyl benzene sulfonate, alkyl ester sulfonate, branched alkyl sulfonate, mid-branched alkyl sulfonate surfactants including linear esters of C8-C20 carboxylic acids (i.e., fatty acids) which are sulfonated with gaseous SO3 according to "The Journal of the American Oil Chemists Society", 52 (1975), pp. 323-329.
  • Suitable starting materials would include natural fatty substances as derived from tallow, palm oil, etc.
  • alkyl ester sulfonate surfactant especially for laundry applications, comprise alkyl ester sulfonate surfactants of the structural formula :
  • R3 is a C8-C20 hydrocarbyl, preferably an alkyl, or combination thereof,
  • R 4 is a C-i-C ⁇ hydrocarbyl, preferably an alkyl, or combination thereof, and M is a cation which forms a water soluble salt with the alkyl ester sulfonate.
  • Suitable salt-forming cations include metals such as sodium, potassium, and lithium, and substituted or unsubstituted ammonium cations, such as monoethanolamine, diethanolamine, and triethanolamine.
  • R3 is C10- 16 alkyl
  • R 4 is methyl, ethyl or isopropyl.
  • the methyl ester sulfonates wherein R3 is C10- 16 alkyl.
  • alkyl sulfate surfactants which are water soluble salts or acids of the formula ROSO3M wherein R preferably is a C10-C24 hydrocarbyl, preferably an alkyl or hydroxyalkyl having a C10- 20 alkyl component, more preferably a C12-C-18 alkyl or hydroxyalkyl, and M is H or a cation, e.g., an alkali metal cation (e.g. sodium, potassium, lithium), or ammonium or substituted ammonium (e.g.
  • R preferably is a C10-C24 hydrocarbyl, preferably an alkyl or hydroxyalkyl having a C10- 20 alkyl component, more preferably a C12-C-18 alkyl or hydroxyalkyl
  • M is H or a cation, e.g., an alkali metal cation (e.g. sodium, potassium, lithium), or ammonium or substituted ammonium (e.g.
  • alkylamines such as ethylamine, diethylamine, triethylamine, and mixtures thereof, and the like.
  • alkyl chains of C12-C16 are preferred for lower wash temperatures (e.g. below about 50°C) and Ci 6_-
  • anionic surfactants useful for detersive purposes can also be included in the detergent compositions of the present invention. These can include salts (including, for example, sodium, potassium, ammonium, and substituted ammonium salts such as mono-, di- and triethanolamine salts) of soap, C8-C22 primary of secondary alkanesulfonates, C8-C24 olefinsulfonates, sulfonated polycarboxylic acids prepared by sulfonation of the pyrolyzed product of alkaline earth metal citrates, e.g., as described in British patent specification No.
  • salts including, for example, sodium, potassium, ammonium, and substituted ammonium salts such as mono-, di- and triethanolamine salts
  • C8-C22 primary of secondary alkanesulfonates C8-C24 olefinsulfonates
  • sulfonated polycarboxylic acids prepared by sulfonation of the pyrolyzed product of
  • alkylpolyglycolethersulfates (containing up to 10 moles of ethylene oxide); alkyl glycerol sulfonates, fatty acyl glycerol sulfonates, fatty oleyl glycerol sulfates, alkyl phenol ethylene oxide ether sulfates, paraffin sulfonates, alkyl phosphates, isethionates such as the acyl isethionates, N-acyl taurates, alkyl succinamates and sulfosuccinates, monoesters of sulfosuccinates (especially saturated and unsaturated C12-C18 monoesters) and diesters of sulfosuccinates (especially saturated and unsaturated C -C ⁇ diesters), acyl sarcosinates, sulfates of alkylpolysaccharides such as the sulf
  • the detergent compositions of the present invention typically comprise from about 1 % to about 40%, preferably from about 3% to about 20% by weight of such anionic surfactants.
  • alkyl alkoxylated sulfate surfactants hereof are water soluble salts or acids of the formula RO(A) m S03M wherein R is an unsubstituted C-
  • C24 alkyl component preferably a C-12-C20 alkyl or hydroxyalkyl, more preferably C12-C18 alkyl or hydroxyalkyl
  • A is an ethoxy or propoxy unit
  • m is greater than zero, typically between about 0.5 and about 6, more preferably between about 0.5 and about 3
  • M is H or a cation which can be, for example, a metal cation (e.g., sodium, potassium, lithium, calcium, magnesium, etc.), ammonium or substituted-ammonium cation.
  • Alkyl ethoxylated sulfates as well as alkyl propoxylated sulfates are contemplated herein.
  • substituted ammonium cations include methyl-, dimethyl, trimethyl-ammonium cations and quaternary ammonium cations such as tetramethyl-ammonium and dimethyl piperdinium cations and those derived from alkylamines such as ethyiamine, diethylamine, triethylamine, mixtures thereof, and the like.
  • Exemplary surfactants are C12-C-18 alkvl polyethoxylate (1.0) sulfate (C-
  • the detergent compositions of the present invention may also contain cationic, ampholytic, zwitterionic, and semi-polar surfactants, as well as the nonionic and/or anionic surfactants other than those already described herein.
  • Cationic detersive surfactants suitable for use in the detergent compositions of the present invention are those having one long-chain hydrocarbyl group. Examples of such cationic surfactants include the ammonium surfactants such as alkyltrimethylammonium halogenides, and those surfactants having the formula :
  • R 2 is an alkyl or alkyl benzyl group having from about 8 to about 18 carbon atoms in the alkyl chain
  • each R 3 is selected from the group consisting of -CH2CH2-, -CH 2 CH(CH 3 )-, -CH 2 CH(CH 2 OH)-, -CH2CH 2 CH 2 -, and mixtures thereof
  • each R 4 is selected from the group consisting of C-1 -C4 alkyl, C1-C4 hydroxyalkyl, benzyl ring structures formed by joining the two R 4 groups, - CH2CHOH-CHOHCOR 6 CHOHCH2 ⁇ H wherein R 6 is any hexose or hexose polymer having a molecular weight less than about 1000, and hydrogen when y is not 0
  • R5 is the same as R 4 or is an alkyl chain wherein the total number of carbon atoms of R2 plus R5 is not more than about 18
  • each y is from 0 to about 10 and
  • Quaternary ammonium surfactant suitable for the present invention has the formula (I):
  • R1 is a short chainlength alkyl (C6-C10) or alkylamidoalkyl of the formula (II) :
  • y is 2-4, preferably 3.
  • R2 is H or a C1-C3 alkyl
  • x is 0-4, preferably 0-2, most preferably 0,
  • R3, R4 and R5 are either the same or different and can be either a short chain alkyl (C1-C3) or alkoxylated alkyl of the formula III, whereby X" is a counterion, preferably a halide, e.g. chloride or methylsulfate.
  • R6 is C ⁇
  • Preferred quaternary ammonium surfactants are those as defined in formula I whereby
  • Highly preferred cationic surfactants are the water-soluble quaternary ammonium compounds useful in the present composition having the formula :
  • R is C8-C-
  • each of R2, R3 and R4 is independently C-1-C4 alkyl, C-1-C4 hydroxy alkyl, benzyl, and -(C2H4o) x H where x has a value from 2 to 5, and X is an anion.
  • R2, R3 or R4 should be benzyl.
  • is C-12- 15 particularly where the alkyl group is a mixture of chain lengths derived from coconut or palm kernel fat or is derived synthetically by olefin build up or OXO alcohols synthesis.
  • R2R3 and R4 are methyl and hydroxyethyl groups and the anion X may be selected from halide, methosulphate, acetate and phosphate ions.
  • suitable quaternary ammonium compounds of formulae (i) for use herein are : coconut trimethyl ammonium chloride or bromide; coconut methyl dihydroxyethyl ammonium chloride or bromide; decyl triethyl ammonium chloride; decyl dimethyl hydroxyethyl ammonium chloride or bromide;
  • Typical cationic fabric softening components include the water-insoluble quaternary-ammonium fabric softening actives or thei corresponding amine precursor, the most commonly used having been di-long alkyl chain ammonium chloride or methyl sulfate.
  • Preferred cationic softeners among these include the following:
  • DTDMAC ditallow dimethylammonium chloride
  • DTDMAC ditallow dimethylammonium chloride
  • Biodegradable quaternary ammonium compounds have been presented as alternatives to the traditionally used di-long alkyl chain ammonium chlorides and methyl sulfates. Such quaternary ammonium compounds contain long chain alk(en)yl groups interrupted by functional groups such as carboxy groups. Said materials and fabric softening compositions containing them are disclosed in numerous publications such as EP-A-0,040,562, and EP-A-0,239,910.
  • the quaternary ammonium compounds and amine precursors herein have the formula (I) or (II), below :
  • Q is selected from -O-C(O)-, -C(0)-0-, -0-C(0)-0-, -NR 4 -C(0)-, -C(O)- NR 4 -;
  • R1 is (CH 2 ) n -Q-T 2 or T 3 ;
  • R2 is (CH 2 ) m -Q-T 4 or T$ or R 3 ;
  • R 3 is C1-C4 alkyl or C1-C4 hydroxyalkyl or H;
  • R 4 is H or C-1-C4 alkyl or C1-C4 hydroxyalkyl
  • T 1 , T 2 , T 3 , T 4 , T 5 are independently C ⁇ 1-C22 alkyl or alkenyl; n and m are integers from 1 to 4; and
  • X" is a softener-compatible anion.
  • softener-compatible anions include chloride or methyl sulfate.
  • the alkyl, or alkenyl, chain T 1 , ⁇ 2, T 3 , T 4 , T ⁇ must contain at least 11 carbon atoms, preferably at least 16 carbon atoms.
  • the chain may be straight or branched.
  • Tallow is a convenient and inexpensive source of long chain alkyl and alkenyl material.
  • the compounds wherein T 1 , ⁇ 2, T 3 , T 4 , T ⁇ represents the mixture of long chain materials typical for tallow are particularly preferred.
  • quaternary ammonium compounds suitable for use in the aqueous fabric softening compositions herein include :
  • N,N-di(2-tallowyl-oxy-2-oxo-ethyl)-N,N-dimethyl ammonium chloride 3) N,N-di(2-tallowyl-oxy-2-oxo-ethyl)-N,N-dimethyl ammonium chloride; 4) N,N-di(2-tallowyl-oxy-ethylcarbonyl-oxy-ethyl)-N,N-dimethyl ammonium chloride; 5) N-(2-tallowyl-oxy-2-ethyl)-N-(2-tallowyl-oxy-2-oxo-ethyl)-N,N-dimethyl ammonium chloride;
  • N,N,N-tri(tallowyl-oxy-ethyl)-N-methyl ammonium chloride 6) N,N,N-tri(tallowyl-oxy-ethyl)-N-methyl ammonium chloride; 7) N-(2-tallowyl-oxy-2-oxo-ethyl)-N-(tallowyl-N,N-dimethyl-ammonium chloride; and
  • the detergent compositions of the present invention typically comprise from 0.2% to about 25%, preferably from about 1 % to about
  • Ampholytic surfactants are also suitable for use in the detergent compositions of the present invention. These surfactants can be broadly described as aliphatic derivatives of secondary or tertiary amines, or aliphatic derivatives of heterocyclic secondary and tertiary amines in which the aliphatic radical can be straight- or branched-chain.
  • One of the aliphatic substituents contains at least about 8 carbon atoms, typically from about 8 to about 18 carbon atoms, and at least one contains an anionic water-solubilizing group, e.g. carboxy, sulfonate, sulfate. See U.S. Patent No. 3,929,678 to Laughlin et al., issued December 30, 1975 at column 19, lines 18-35, for examples of ampholytic surfactants.
  • the detergent compositions of the present invention typically comprise from 0.2% to about 15%, preferably from about 1 % to about
  • ampholytic surfactants 10% by weight of such ampholytic surfactants.
  • Zwitterionic surfactants are also suitable for use in detergent compositions.
  • surfactants can be broadly described as derivatives of secondary and tertiary amines, derivatives of heterocyclic secondary and tertiary amines, or derivatives of quaternary ammonium, quaternary phosphonium or tertiary sulfonium compounds. See U.S. Patent No. 3,929,678 to Laughlin et al., issued December 30, 1975 at column 19, line 38 through column 22, line 48, for examples of zwitterionic surfactants.
  • the detergent compositions of the present invention typically comprise from 0.2% to about 15%, preferably from about 1 % to about
  • Semi-polar nonionic surfactants are a special category of nonionic surfactants which include water-soluble amine oxides containing one alkyl moiety of from about 10 to about 18 carbon atoms and 2 moieties selected from the group consisting of alkyl groups and hydroxyalkyl groups containing from about 1 to about 3 carbon atoms; water-soluble phosphine oxides containing one alkyl moiety of from about 10 to about 18 carbon atoms and 2 moieties selected from the group consisting of alkyl groups and hydroxyalkyl groups containing from about 1 to about 3 carbon atoms; and water-soluble sulfoxides containing one alkyl moiety of from about 10 to about 18 carbon atoms and a moiety selected from the group consisting of alkyl and hydroxyalkyl moieties of from about 1 to about 3 carbon atoms.
  • Semi-polar nonionic detergent surfactants include the amine oxide surfactants having the formula
  • R (OR 4 )xN(R5)2 wherein R 3 is an alkyl, hydroxyalkyl, or alkyl phenyl group or mixtures therof containing from about 8 to about 22 carbon atoms; R 4 is an alkylene or hydroxyalkylene group containing from about 2 to about 3 carbon atoms or mixtures thereof; x is from 0 to about 3; and each R ⁇ is an alkyl or hydroxyalkyl group containing from about 1 to about 3 carbon atoms or a polyethylene oxide group containing from about 1 to about 3 ethylene oxide groups.
  • the R ⁇ groups can be attached to each other, e.g., through an oxygen or nitrogen atom, to form a ring structure.
  • These amine oxide surfactants in particular include C-
  • the cleaning compositions of the present invention typically comprise from 0.2% to about 15%, preferably from about 1 % to about 10% by weight of such semi-polar nonionic surfactants.
  • the detergent composition of the present invention may further comprise a cosurfactant selected from the group of primary or tertiary amines.
  • Suitable primary amines for use herein include amines according to the formula R-1 NH2 wherein R ⁇
  • alkyl chains may be straight or branched and may be interrupted with up to 12, preferably less than 5 ethylene oxide moieties.
  • Preferred amines according to the formula herein above are n-alkyl amines.
  • Suitable amines for use herein may be selected from 1-hexylamine, 1- octylamine, 1-decylamine and laurylamine.
  • Other preferred primary amines include C8-C10 oxypropylamine, octyloxypropylamine, 2-ethylhexyl- oxypropylamine, lauryl amido propylamine and amido propylamine.
  • Suitable tertiary amines for use herein include tertiary amines having the formula R1 R2R3N wherein R1 and R2 are C-i-Cs alkylchains or ⁇ s
  • R3 is either a C -C-12, preferably C ⁇ -C-i o alkyl chain, or R3 is R4X(CH2) n - whereby X is -0-, -C(0)NH- or -NH- R4 is a C4-C12, n is between 1 to 5, preferably 2-3.
  • R5 is H or C-1 -C2 alkyl and x is between 1 to 6 .
  • R3 and R4 may be linear or branched ; R3 alkyl chains may be interrupted with up to 12, preferably less than 5, ethylene oxide moieties.
  • Preferred tertiary amines are R1 R2R3N where R1 is a C6-C12 alkyl chain,
  • R2 and R3 are C1-C3 alkyl or
  • Most preferred amines of the present invention include 1 -octylamine, 1- hexylamine, 1-decylamine, 1-dodecylamine,C8-10oxypropylamine, N coco 1-
  • the most preferred amines for use in the compositions herein are 1 -hexylamine, 1 -octylamine, 1 -decylamine, 1-dodecylamine. Especially desirable are n- dodecyldimethylamine and bishydroxyethylcoconutalkylamine and oleylamine 7 times ethoxylated, lauryl amido propylamine and cocoamido propylamine.
  • compositions according to the present invention may further comprise a builder.
  • a builder Any conventional builder is suitable for use herein including aluminosilicate materials, silicates, polycarboxylates, alkyl- or alkenyi-succinic acid and fatty acids, materials such as ethylenediamine tetraacetate, diethylene triamine pentamethyleneacetate, metal ion sequestrants such as aminopolyphosphonates, particularly ethylenediamine tetramethylene phosphonic acid and diethylene triamine pentamethyienephosphonic acid.
  • Phosphate builders can also be used herein.
  • Suitable builders can be an inorganic ion exchange material, commonly an inorganic hydrated aluminosilicate material, more particularly a hydrated synthetic zeolite such as hydrated zeolite A, X, B, HS or MAP.
  • Another suitable inorganic builder material is layered silicate, e.g. SKS-6
  • SKS-6 is a crystalline layered silicate consisting of sodium silicate (Na 2 Si 2 0 5 ).
  • Suitable polycarboxylates containing one carboxy group include lactic acid, glycolic acid and ether derivatives thereof as disclosed in Belgian Patent Nos. 831 ,368, 821 ,369 and 821 ,370.
  • Polycarboxylates containing two carboxy groups include the water-soluble salts of succinic acid, malonic acid, (ethylenedioxy) diacetic acid, maleic acid, diglycollic acid, tartaric acid, tartronic acid and fumaric acid, as well as the ether carboxylates described in German Offenlegenschrift 2,446,686, and 2,446,687 and U.S. Patent No.
  • Polycarboxylates containing three carboxy groups include, in particular, water- soluble citrates, aconitrates and citraconates as well as succinate derivatives such as the carboxymethyloxysuccinates described in British Patent No. 9 ?
  • Polycarboxylates containing four carboxy groups include oxydisuccinates disclosed in British Patent No. 1 ,261 ,829, 1 ,1 ,2,2-ethane tetracarboxylates, 1 ,1 ,3,3-propane tetracarboxylates and 1 ,1 ,2,3-propane tetracarboxylates.
  • Polycarboxylates containing sulfo substituents include the sulfosuccinate derivatives disclosed in British Patent Nos. 1 ,398,421 and 1 ,398,422 and in U.S. Patent No. 3,936,448, and the sulfonated pyrolysed citrates described in British Patent No. 1 ,082,179, while polycarboxylates containing phosphone substituents are disclosed in British Patent No. 1 ,439,000.
  • Alicyclic and heterocyclic polycarboxylates include cyclopentane- cis,cis,cis-tetracarboxylates, cyclopentadienide pentacarboxylates, 2,3,4,5- tetrahydro-furan - cis, cis, cis-tetracarboxylates, 2,5-tetrahydro-furan -cis - dicarboxylates, 2,2,5,5-tetrahydrofuran - tetracarboxylates, 1 ,2,3,4,5,6-hexane - hexacar-boxylates and and carboxymethyl derivatives of polyhydric alcohols such as sorbitol, mannitol and xylitol.
  • Aromatic poly-carboxylates include mellitic acid, pyromellitic acid and the phthalic acid derivatives disclosed in British Patent No. 1 ,425,343.
  • the preferred polycarboxylates are hydroxycarboxylates containing up to three carboxy groups per molecule, more particularly citrates.
  • Preferred builder s for use in the present compositions include a mixture of a water-insoluble aluminosilicate builder such as zeolite A or of a layered silicate (SKS-6), and a water-soluble carboxylate chelating agent such as citric acid.
  • Other preferred builders include a mixture of a water-insoluble aluminosilicate builder such as zeolite A, and a watersoluble carboxylate chelating agent such as citric acid.
  • Preferred builders for use in liquid detergent compositions of the present invention are soaps and polycarboxylates.
  • Suitable water-soluble organic salts are the homo- or co-polymeric acids or their salts, in which the polycarboxylic acid comprises at least two carboxyl radicals separated from each other by not more than two carbon atoms.
  • Polymers of this type are disclosed in GB-A-1 ,596,756.
  • Examples of such salts are polyacrylates of MW 2000-5000 and their copolymers with maleic anhydride, such copolymers having a molecular weight of from 20,000 to 70,000, especially about 40,000.
  • Detergency builder salts are normally included in amounts of from 5% to about 80% by weight of the composition, preferably, from about 10% to about 70% and most usually from about 30% to about 60% by weight.
  • the detergent compositions can further comprise one or more enzymes which provide cleaning performance, fabric care and/or sanitisation benefits.
  • Said enzymes include enzymes selected from cellulases, hemicellulases, peroxidases, gluco-amylases, amylases, xylanases, lipases, phospholipases, esterases, cutinases, pectinases, keratanases, reductases, oxidases, phenoloxidases, lipoxygenases, ligninases, pullulanases, tannases, pentosanases, malanases, ⁇ -glucanases, arabinosidases, hyaluronidase, chondroitinase, laccase or mixtures thereof.
  • Other conventional proteases than the protease of the present invention can also be used.
  • a preferred combination is a detergent composition having cocktail of conventional applicable enzymes like amylase, lipase, cutinase and/or cellulase in conjunction with one or more plant cell wall degrading enzymes.
  • the cellulases usable in the present invention include both bacterial or fungal cellulases. Preferably, they will have a pH optimum of between 5 and 12 and an activity above 50 CEVU (Cellulose Viscosity Unit).
  • CEVU Cellulose Viscosity Unit
  • Suitable cellulases are disclosed in U.S. Patent 4,435,307, Barbesgoard et al, J61078384 and WO96/02653 which discloses fungal cellulase produced respectively from Humicola insolens, Trichoderma, Thielavia and Sporotrichum.
  • EP 739 982 describes cellulases isolated from novel Bacillus species. Suitable cellulases are also disclosed in GB-A-2.075.028; GB-A-2.095.275; DE-OS-2.247.832 and W095/26398.
  • cellulases examples include cellulases produced by a strain of Humicola insolens (Humicola grisea var. thermoidea), particularly the Humicola strain DSM 1800.
  • Other suitable cellulases are cellulases originated from Humicola insolens having a molecular weight of about 50KDa, an isoelectric point of 5.5 and containing 415 amino acids; and a ⁇ 43kD endoglucanase derived from Humicola insolens, DSM 1800, exhibiting cellulase activity; a preferred endoglucanase component has the amino acid sequence disclosed in PCT Patent Application No. WO 91/17243.
  • suitable cellulases are the EGIII cellulases from Trichoderma longibrachiatum described in WO94/21801 , Genencor, published September 29, 1994. Especially suitable cellulases are the cellulases having color care benefits. Examples of such cellulases are cellulases described in European patent application No. 91202879.2, filed November 6, 1991 (Novo). Carezyme and Celluzyme (Novo Nordisk A/S) are especially useful. See also W091/17244 and WO91/21801. Other suitable cellulases for fabric care and/or cleaning properties are described in WO96/34092, W096/17994 and W095/24471.
  • Peroxidase enzymes are used in combination with oxygen sources, e.g. percarbonate, perborate, persulfate, hydrogen peroxide, etc and with a phenolic substrate as bleach enhancing molecule. They are used for "solution bleaching", i.e. to prevent transfer of dyes or pigments removed from substrates during wash operations to other substrates in the wash solution.
  • Peroxidase enzymes are known in the art, and include, for example, horseradish peroxidase, ligninase and haloperoxidase such as chloro- and bromo-peroxidase.
  • Peroxidase-containing detergent compositions are disclosed, for example, in PCT International Application WO 89/099813, WO89/09813 and in European Patent application EP No. 91202882.6, filed on November 6, 1991 and EP No. 96870013.8, filed February 20, 1996. Also suitable is the laccase enzyme.
  • Enhancers are generally comprised at a level of from 0.1 % to 5% by weight of total composition.
  • Preferred enhancers are substitued phenthiazine and phenoxasine 10-Phenothiazinepropionicacid (PPT), 10-ethylphenothiazine-4- carboxylic acid (EPC), 10-phenoxazinepropionic acid (POP) and 10- methylphenoxazine (described in WO 94/12621 ) and substitued syringates (C3- C5 substitued alkyl syringates) and phenols.
  • Sodium percarbonate or perborate are preferred sources of hydrogen peroxide.
  • Said peroxidases are normally incorporated in the detergent composition at levels from 0.0001 % to 2% of pure enzyme by weight of the detergent composition.
  • Other preferred enzymes that can be included in the detergent compositions of the present invention include lipases.
  • Suitable lipase enzymes for detergent usage include those produced by microorganisms of the Pseudomonas group, such as Pseudomonas stutzeri ATCC 19.154, as disclosed in British Patent 1 ,372,034.
  • Suitable lipases include those which show a positive immunological cross-reaction with the antibody of the lipase, produced by the microorganism Pseudomonas fluorescent IAM 1057. This lipase is available from Amano Pharmaceutical Co.
  • Lipase P Lipase P
  • Other suitable commercial lipases include Amano-CES, lipases ex Chromobacter viscosum, e.g. Chromobacter viscosum var. lipolyticum NRRLB 3673 from Toyo Jozo Co., Tagata, Japan; Chromobacter viscosum lipases from U.S. Biochemical Corp., U.S.A. and Disoynth Co., The Netherlands, and lipases ex Pseudomonas gladioli.
  • Chromobacter viscosum e.g. Chromobacter viscosum var. lipolyticum NRRLB 3673 from Toyo Jozo Co., Tagata, Japan
  • Chromobacter viscosum lipases from U.S. Biochemical Corp., U.S.A. and Disoynth Co., The Netherlands
  • lipases ex Pseudomonas gladioli.
  • lipases such as M1 Lipase ⁇ and Lipoma ⁇ R (Gist-Brocades) and Lipolase ⁇ and Lipolase UltraR(Novo) which have found to be very effective when used in combination with the compositions of the present invention.
  • lipolytic enzymes described in EP 258 068, WO 92/05249 and WO 95/22615 by Novo Nordisk and in WO 94/03578, WO 95/35381 and WO 96/00292 by Unilever.
  • cutinases [EC 3.1.1.50] which can be considered as a special kind of lipase, namely lipases which do not require interfacial activation.
  • cutinases additive of cutinases to detergent compositions have been described in e.g. WO-A- 88/09367 (Genencor); WO 90/09446 (Plant Genetic ) and WO 94/14963 and WO 94/14964 (Unilever).
  • the lipases and/or cutinases are normally incorporated in the detergent composition at levels from 0.0001 % to 2% of pure enzyme by weight of the detergent composition.
  • Amylases can be included for removal of carbohydrate-based stains.
  • WO94/02597 Novo Nordisk A/S published February 03, 1994, describes detergent compositions which incorporate mutant amylases. See also WO95/10603, Novo Nordisk A/S, published April 20, 1995.
  • Other amylases known for use in detergent compositions include both ⁇ - and ⁇ -amylases.
  • ⁇ - Amylases are known in the art and include those disclosed in US Pat. no. 5,003,257; EP 252,666; WO/91/00353; FR 2,676,456; EP 285,123; EP 525,610; EP 368,341 ; and British Patent specification no. 1 ,296,839 (Novo).
  • amylases are stability-enhanced amylases described in W094/18314, published August 18, 1994 and WO96/05295, Genencor, published February 22, 1996 and amylase variants having additional modification in the immediate parent available from Novo Nordisk A/S, disclosed in WO 95/10603, published April 95. Also suitable are amylases described in EP 277 216, W095/26397 and W096/23873 (all by Novo Nordisk).
  • ⁇ -amylases examples are Purafect Ox Am® from Genencor and Termamyl®, Ban® ,Fungamyl® and Duramyl®, all available from Novo Nordisk A/S Denmark.
  • W095/26397 describes other suitable amylases : ⁇ - amylases characterised by having a specific activity at least 25% higher than the specific activity of Termamyl® at a temperature range of 25°C to 55°C and at a pH value in the range of 8 to 10, measured by the Phadebas® ⁇ -amylase activity assay. Suitable are variants of the above enzymes, described in W096/23873 (Novo Nordisk). Other amylolytic enzymes with improved properties with respect to the activity level and the combination of thermostability and a higher activity level are described in W095/35382.
  • amylolytic enzymes are incorporated in the detergent compositions of the present invention a level of from 0.0001 % to 2%, preferably from 0.00018% to 0.06%, more preferably from 0.00024% to 0.048% pure enzyme by weight of the composition.
  • the above-mentioned enzymes may be of any suitable origin, such as vegetable, animal, bacterial, fungal and yeast origin. Origin can further be mesophilic or extremophilic (psychrophilic, psychrotrophic, thermophilic, barophilic, alkalophilic, acidophilic, haiophilic, etc.). Purified or non-purified forms of these enzymes may be used.
  • the variants may be designed such that the compatibility of the enzyme to commonly encountered ingredients of such compositions is increased.
  • the variant may be designed such that the optimal pH, bleach or chelant stability, catalytic activity and the like, of the enzyme variant is tailored to suit the particular cleaning application.
  • the isoelectric point of such enzymes may be modified by the substitution of some charged amino acids, e.g. an increase in isoelectric point may help to improve compatibility with anionic surfactants.
  • the stability of the enzymes may be further enhanced by the creation of e.g. additional salt bridges and enforcing calcium binding sites to increase chelant stability. Special attention must be paid to the cellulases as most of the cellulases have separate binding domains (CBD). Properties of such enzymes can be altered by modifications in these domains.
  • Said enzymes are normally incorporated in the detergent composition at levels from 0.0001 % to 2% of pure enzyme by weight of the detergent composition.
  • the enzymes can be added as separate single ingredients (prills, granulates, stabilized liquids, etc... containing one enzyme ) or as mixtures of two or more enzymes ( e.g. cogranulates ).
  • enzyme oxidation scavengers which are described in Copending European Patent application 92870018.6 filed on January 31 , 1992.
  • enzyme oxidation scavengers are ethoxylated tetraethylene polyamines.
  • a range of enzyme materials and means for their incorporation into synthetic detergent compositions is also disclosed in WO 9307263 A and WO 9307260 A to Genencor International, WO 8908694 A to Novo, and U.S. 3,553,139, January 5, 1971 to McCarty et al. Enzymes are further disclosed in U.S. 4,101 ,457, Place et al, July 18, 1978, and in U.S. 4,507,219, Hughes, March 26, 1985. Enzyme materials useful for liquid detergent formulations, and their incorporation into such formulations, are disclosed in U.S. 4,261 ,868, Hora et al, April 14, 1981. Enzymes for use in detergents can be stabilised by various techniques.
  • Enzyme stabilisation techniques are disclosed and exemplified in U.S. 3,600,319, August 17, 1971 , Gedge et al, EP 199,405 and EP 200,586, October 29, 1986, Venegas. Enzyme stabilisation s are also described, for example, in U.S. 3,519,570. A useful Bacillus, sp. AC13 giving proteases, xylanases and cellulases, is described in WO 9401532 A to Novo.
  • Fabric softening agents can also be incorporated into detergent compositions in accordance with the present invention. These agents may be inorganic or organic in type. Inorganic softening agents are exemplified by the smectite clays disclosed in GB-A-1 400 898 and in USP 5,019,292. Organic fabric softening agents include the water insoluble tertiary amines as disclosed in GB-A1 514 276 and EP-B0 011 340 and their combination with mono C12-C14 quaternary ammonium salts are disclosed in EP-B-0 026 527 and EP-B-0 026 528 and di-long-chain amides as disclosed in EP-B-0 242 919. Other useful organic ingredients of fabric softening s include high molecular weight polyethylene oxide materials as disclosed in EP-A-0 299 575 and 0 313 146.
  • Levels of smectite clay are normally in the range from 2% to 20%, more preferably from 5% to 15% by weight, with the material being added as a dry mixed component to the remainder of the formulation.
  • Organic fabric softening agents such as the water-insoluble tertiary amines or dilong chain amide materials are incorporated at levels of from 0.5% to 5% by weight, normally from 1 % to 3% by weight whilst the high molecular weight polyethylene oxide materials and the water soluble cationic materials are added at levels of from 0.1 % to 2%, normally from 0.15% to 1.5% by weight.
  • These materials are normally added to the spray dried portion of the composition, although in some instances it may be more convenient to add them as a dry mixed particulate, or spray them as molten liquid on to other solid components of the composition.
  • Additional optional detergent ingredients that can be included in the detergent compositions of the present invention include bleaching agents.
  • Preferred peroxygen bleaching agents include those peroxygen bleaching compounds which are capable of yielding hydrogen peroxide in an aqueous solution. These compounds are well known in the art and include hydrogen peroxide and the alkali metal peroxides, organic peroxide bleaching compounds such as urea peroxide, and inorganic persalt bleaching compounds, such as the alkali metal perborates, percarbonates, perphosphates, and the like.
  • Preferred peroxygen bleaching agents include peroxygen bleach selected from the group consisting of perborates, percarbonates, peroxy hydrates, peroxides, persulfates, and mixtures thereof.
  • Specific preferred examples include: sodium perborate, commercially available in the form of mono- and tetra-hyd rates, sodium carbonate peroxyhydrate, sodium pyrophosphate peroxyhydrate, urea peroxyhydrate, and sodium peroxide.
  • Particular preferred are sodium perborate tetrahydrate, and especially, sodium perborate monohydrate.
  • Sodium perborate monohydrate is especially preferred because it is very stable during storage and yet still dissolves very quickly in the bleaching solution.
  • bleaching agent components can include one or more oxygen bleaching agents and, depending upon the bleaching agent chosen, one or more bleach activators. When present oxygen bleaching compounds will typically be present at levels of from about 1 % to about 25%.
  • the bleaching agent component for use herein can be any of the bleaching agents useful for detergent compositions including oxygen bleaches as well as others known in the art.
  • the bleaching agent suitable for the present invention can be an activated or non-activated bleaching agent.
  • oxygen bleaching agent that can be used encompasses percarboxylic acid bleaching agents and salts thereof. Suitable examples of this class of agents include magnesium monoperoxyphthalate hexahydrate, the magnesium salt of meta-chloro perbenzoic acid, 4-nonylamino-4- oxoperoxybutyric acid and diperoxydodecanedioic acid.
  • Such bleaching agents are disclosed in U.S. Patent 4,483,781 , U.S. Patent Application 740,446, European Patent Application 0,133,354 and U.S. Patent 4,412,934.
  • Highly preferred bleaching agents also include 6-nonylamino-6-oxoperoxycaproic acid as described in U.S. Patent 4,634,551.
  • bleaching agents that can be used encompasses the halogen bleaching agents.
  • hypohalite bleaching agents include trichloro isocyanuric acid and the sodium and potassium dichloroisocyanurates and N-chloro and N-bromo alkane sulphonamides. Such materials are normally added at 0.5-10% by weight of the finished product, preferably 1-5% by weight.
  • the hydrogen peroxide releasing agents can be used in combination with bleach activators such as tetraacetylethylenediamine (TAED), nonanoyloxybenzene-sulfonate (NOBS, described in US 4,412,934), 3,5,- trimethylhexanoloxybenzenesulfonate (ISONOBS, described in EP 120,591 ) or pentaacetylglucose (PAG)or Phenolsulfonate ester of N-nonanoyl-6- aminocaproic acid (NACA-OBS, described in WO94/28106), which are perhydrolyzed to form a peracid as the active bleaching species, leading to improved bleaching effect.
  • bleach activators such as tetraacetylethylenediamine (TAED), nonanoyloxybenzene-sulfonate (NOBS, described in US 4,412,934), 3,5,- trimethylhexanoloxybenzenesulf
  • acylated citrate esters such as disclosed in Copending European Patent Application No. 91870207.7 and unsymetrical acyclic imide bleach activator of the following formula as disclosed in the Procter & Gamble co-pending patent applications US serial No. 60/022,786 (filed July 30, 1996) and No. 60/028,122 (filed October 15, 1996) :
  • Ri is a C7-C-13 linear or branched chain saturated or unsaturated alkyl group
  • R2 is a C-
  • R3 is a C-1-C4 linear or branched chain saturated or unsaturated alkyl group.
  • bleaching agents including peroxyacids and bleaching s comprising bleach activators and peroxygen bleaching compounds for use in detergent compositions according to the invention are described in our co- pending applications USSN 08/136,626, PCT/US95/07823, W095/27772, W095/27773, W095/27774 and W095/27775.
  • the hydrogen peroxide may also be present by adding an enzymatic (i.e. an enzyme and a substrate therefore) which is capable of generating hydrogen peroxide at the beginning or during the washing and/or rinsing process.
  • an enzymatic i.e. an enzyme and a substrate therefore
  • Such enzymatic s are disclosed in EP Patent Application 91202655.6 filed October 9, 1991.
  • Metal-containing catalysts for use in bleach compositions include cobalt- containing catalysts such as Pentaamine acetate cobalt(lll) salts and manganese-containing catalysts such as those described in EPA 549 271 ; EPA 549 272; EPA 458 397; US 5,246,621 ; EPA 458 398; US 5,194,416 and US 5,1 14,61 1.
  • Bleaching composition comprising a peroxy compound, a manganese-containing bleach catalyst and a chelating agent is described in the patent application No 94870206.3.
  • Bleaching agents other than oxygen bleaching agents are also known in the art and can be utilized herein.
  • One type of non-oxygen bleaching agent of particular interest includes photoactivated bleaching agents such as the sulfonated zinc and/or aluminum phthalocyanines. These materials can be deposited upon the substrate during the washing process. Upon irradiation with light, in the presence of oxygen, such as by hanging clothes out to dry in the daylight, the sulfonated zinc phthalocyanine is activated and, consequently, the substrate is bleached.
  • Preferred zinc phthalocyanine and a photoactivated bleaching process are described in U.S. Patent 4,033,718.
  • detergent compositions will contain about 0.025% to about 1.25%, by weight, of sulfonated zinc phthalocyanine.
  • the detergent compositions herein may also optionally contain one or more iron and/or manganese chelating agents.
  • chelating agents can be selected from the group consisting of amino carboxylates, amino phosphonates, polyfunctionally-substituted aromatic chelating agents and mixtures therein, all as hereinafter defined. Without intending to be bound by theory, it is believed that the benefit of these materials is due in part to their exceptional ability to remove iron and manganese ions from washing solutions by formation of soluble chelates.
  • Amino carboxylates useful as optional chelating agents include ethylenediaminetetracetates, N-hydroxyethyiethylenediaminetriacetates, nitrilo- triacetates, ethylenediamine tetraproprionates, triethylenetetraaminehexacetates, diethyienetriaminepentaacetates, and ethanoldiglycines, alkali metal, ammonium, and substituted ammonium salts therein and mixtures therein.
  • Amino phosphonates are also suitable for use as chelating agents in the compositions of the invention when at lease low levels of total phosphorus are permitted in detergent compositions, and include ethylenediaminetetrakis (methylenephosphonates) as DEQUEST. Preferred, these amino phosphonates to not contain alkyl or alkenyl groups with more than about 6 carbon atoms.
  • Polyfunctionally-substituted aromatic chelating agents are also useful in the compositions herein. See U.S. Patent 3,812,044, issued May 21 , 1974, to Connor et al. Preferred compounds of this type in acid form are dihydroxydisulfobenzenes such as 1 ,2-dihydroxy-3,5-disulfobenzene.
  • a preferred biodegradable chelator for use herein is ethylenediamine disuccinate ("EDDS"), especially the [S,S] isomer as described in U.S. Patent 4,704,233, November 3, 1987, to Hartman and Perkins.
  • compositions herein may also contain water-soluble methyl glycine diacetic acid (MGDA) salts (or acid form) as a chelant or co-builder useful with, for example, insoluble builders such as zeolites, layered silicates and the like.
  • MGDA water-soluble methyl glycine diacetic acid
  • these chelating agents will generally comprise from about 0.1 % to about 15% by weight of the detergent compositions herein. More preferably, if utilized, the chelating agents will comprise from about 0.1 % to about 3.0% by weight of such compositions.
  • a suds suppressor exemplified by silicones, and silica-silicone mixtures.
  • Silicones can be generally represented by alkylated polysiloxane materials while silica is normally used in finely divided forms exemplified by silica aerogels and xerogels and hydrophobic silicas of various types. These materials can be incorporated as particulates in which the suds suppressor is advantageously releasably incorporated in a water-soluble or water-dispersible, substantially non-surface-active detergent impermeable carrier.
  • the suds suppressor can be dissolved or dispersed in a liquid carrier and applied by spraying on to one or more of the other components.
  • a preferred siiicone suds controlling agent is disclosed in Bartollota et al. U.S. Patent 3 933 672.
  • Other particularly useful suds suppressors are the self- emulsifying siiicone suds suppressors, described in German Patent Application DTOS 2 646 126 published April 28, 1977.
  • An example of such a compound is DC-544, commercially available from Dow Corning, which is a siloxane-glycol copolymer.
  • Especially preferred suds controlling agent are the suds suppressor comprising a mixture of siiicone oils and 2-alkyl-alcanols.
  • Suitable 2-alkyl- alkanols are 2-butyl-octanol which are commercially available under the trade name Isofol 12 R. Such suds suppressor are described in Copending European Patent application N 92870174.7 filed 10 November, 1992.
  • compositions can comprise a silicone/silica mixture in combination with fumed nonporous silica such as AerosilR.
  • the suds suppressors described above are normally employed at levels of from 0.001 % to 2% by weight of the composition, preferably from 0.01 % to 1 % by weight.
  • detergent compositions may be employed, such as soil-suspending agents, soil-release agents, optical brighteners, abrasives, bactericides, tarnish inhibitors, coloring agents, and/or encapsulated or non-encapsulated perfumes.
  • suitable encapsulating materials are water soluble capsules which consist of a matrix of polysaccharide and polyhydroxy compounds such as described in GB 1 ,464,616.
  • Other suitable water soluble encapsulating materials comprise dextrins derived from ungelatinized starch acid-esters of substituted dicarboxylic acids such as described in US 3,455,838. These acid-ester dextrins are, preferably, prepared from such starches as waxy maize, waxy sorghum, sago, tapioca and potato.
  • Suitable examples of said encapsulating materials include N-Lok manufactured by National Starch.
  • the N-Lok encapsulating material consists of a modified maize starch and glucose.
  • the starch is modified by adding monofunctional substituted groups such as octenyl succinic acid anhydride.
  • Preferred optical brighteners are anionic in character, examples of which are disodium 4,4'-bis-(2-diethanolamino-4-anilino -s- triazin-6-ylamino)stilbene- 2:2' disulphonate, disodium 4, - 4'-bis-(2-morpholino-4-anilino-s-triazin-6-ylamino- stilbene-2:2' - disulphonate, disodium 4,4' - bis-(2,4-dianilino-s-triazin-6- ylamino)stilbene-2:2' - disulphonate, monosodium 4',4" -bis-(2,4-dianilino-s-tri- azin-6 ylamino)stilbene-2-sulphonate, disodium 4,4' -bis-(2-anilino-4-(N-methyl-N- 2-hydroxyethylamino)-s-triazin-6-ylamino)stilbene-2,2
  • polyethylene glycols particularly those of molecular weight 1000-10000, more particularly 2000 to 8000 and most preferably about 4000. These are used at levels of from 0.20% to 5% more preferably from 0.25% to 2.5% by weight. These polymers and the previously mentioned homo- or co-polymeric polycarboxylate salts are valuable for improving whiteness maintenance, fabric ash deposition, and cleaning performance on clay, proteinaceous and oxidizable soils in the presence of transition metal impurities.
  • Soil release agents useful in compositions of the present invention are conventionally copolymers or terpolymers of terephthalic acid with ethylene glycol and/or propylene glycol units in various arrangements. Examples of such polymers are disclosed in the commonly assigned US Patent Nos. 4116885 and 4711730 and European Published Patent Application No. 0 272 033. A particular preferred polymer in accordance with EP-A-0 272 033 has the formula
  • PEG is -(OC2H4)0-,PO is (OC3H6O) and T is (PCOC6H4CO).
  • modified polyesters as random copolymers of dimethyl terephthalate, dimethyl sulfoisophthalate, ethylene glycol and 1-2 propane diol, the end groups consisting primarily of sulphobenzoate and secondarily of mono esters of ethylene glycol and/or propane-diol.
  • the target is to obtain a polymer capped at both end by sulphobenzoate groups, "primarily", in the present context most of said copolymers herein will be end-capped by sulphobenzoate groups.
  • some copolymers will be less than fully capped, and therefore their end groups may consist of monoester of ethylene glycol and/or propane 1-2 diol, thereof consist “secondarily” of such species.
  • the selected polyesters herein contain about 46% by weight of dimethyl terephthalic acid, about 16% by weight of propane -1.2 diol, about 10% by weight ethylene glycol about 13% by weight of dimethyl sulfobenzoic acid and about 15% by weight of sulfoisophthalic acid, and have a molecular weight of about 3.000.
  • the polyesters and their method of preparation are described in detail in EPA 311 342.
  • the enzyme stabilizer useful herein depends upon characteristics such as the enzyme used, and the active ingredient.
  • preferred examples of an enzyme stabilizer useful herein includes calcium ion, borates, borate-diols, propylene glycol, short chain carboxylic acids, boronic acids, and mixtures thereof.
  • chlorine scavenger such as perborate, ammonium sulfate, sodium sulphite or polyethyleneimine at a level above 0.1 % by weight of total composition, in the formulas will provide improved through the wash stability of the detergent enzymes.
  • Compositions comprising chlorine scavenger are described in the European patent application 92870018.6 filed January 31 , 1992.
  • Alkoxylated polycarboxylates such as those prepared from polyacrylates are useful herein to provide additional grease removal performance. Such materials are described in WO 91/08281 and PCT 90/01815 at p. 4 et seq., incorporated herein by reference. Chemically, these materials comprise polyacrylates having one ethoxy side-chain per every 7-8 acrylate units.
  • the side-chains are of the formula -(CH2CH2 ⁇ ) m (CH2) n CH3 wherein m is 2-3 and n is 6-12.
  • the side-chains are ester-linked to the polyacrylate "backbone” to provide a "comb" polymer type structure.
  • the molecular weight can vary, but is typically in the range of about 2000 to about 50,000.
  • Such alkoxylated polycarboxylates can comprise from about 0.05% to about 10%, by weight, of the compositions herein.
  • the following examples are meant to exemplify compositions of the present invention, but are not necessarily meant to limit or otherwise define the scope of the invention.
  • the enzymes levels are expressed by pure enzyme by weight of the total composition and unless otherwise specified, the detergent ingredients are expressed by weight of the total compositions.
  • EXAMPLES The following examples further describe and demonstrate the preferred embodiments within the scope of the present invention. The examples are given solely for the purpose of illustration, and are not to be constructed as limitations of the present invention since many variations thereof are possible without departing from its spirit and scope.
  • Mg ++ (as MgCI 2 ) 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20
  • the granular fabric cleaning compositions of the present invention contain an effective amount of one or more protease enzymes, preferably from about 0.001 % to about 10%, more preferably, from about 0.005% to about 5%, more preferably from 0.01 % to about 1 % by weight of active protease enzyme of the composition. (See U.S. Patent No. 5,679,630 Examples).
  • Example 3 See U.S. Patent No. 5,679,630 Examples).
  • Citric acid 2.50 2.00
  • Borax premix (Borax/MEA Pdiol/CitricAcid) 2.50 -
  • Zeolite A (0.1-.10 ⁇ ) 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.00
  • Polyacrylate (MW 1400) 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.20
  • compositions of the present invention can be suitably prepared by any process chosen by the formulator, non-limiting examples of which are described in U.S. 5,691 ,297 Nassano et al., issued November 11 , 1997; U.S. 5,574,005 Welch et al., issued November 12, 1996; U.S. 5,569,645 Dinniwell et al., issued October 29, 1996; U.S. 5,565,422 Del Greco et al., issued October 15, 1996; U.S. 5,516,448 Capeci et al., issued May 14, 1996; U.S. 5,489,392 Capeci et al., issued February 6, 1996; U.S. 5,486,303 Capeci et al., issued January 23, 1996 all of which are incorporated herein by reference.
  • the cleaning compositions of the present invention can be formulated into any suitable laundry detergent composition, non-limiting examples of which are described in U.S. 5,679,630 Baeck et al., issued October 21 , 1997; U.S. 5,565,145 Watson et al., issued October 15, 1996; U.S. 5,478,489 Fredj et al., issued December 26, 1995; U.S. 5,470,507 Fredj et al., issued November 28, 1995; U.S. 5,466,802 Panandiker et al., issued November 14, 1995; U.S. 5,460,752 Fredj et al., issued October 24, 1995; U.S.

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Abstract

A detergent composition comprising a protease that is screened by a process comprising the steps of measuring the Primary Cleavage Rate and measuring the Second Cleavage Rate. The ratio of the Primary Cleavage Ratio to the Second Cleavage Rate of the protease is calculated. Proteases are selected that have a Primary Cleavage Rate higher than 1000 νg/min/νg and a ratio of the Primary Cleavage Rate to the Secondary Cleavage Rate lower than 150:1.

Description

A DETERGENT COMPOSITION CONTAINING A PROTEASE
FIELD OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to detergent compositions which comprise a protease. More particularly, the present invention relates to laundry detergent compositions, dishwashing detergent compositions, hard surface cleaning compositions and personal cleansing compositions which comprise a protease.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Various types of enzymes have long been used in laundry detergents to assist in the removal of certain stains from fabrics. Each class of enzyme (amylase, protease, lipases, cellulases, etc.) generally catalyze a different chemical reaction. For example, protease enzymes are known for their ability to hydrolyze (break down a compound into two or more simpler compounds) other proteins. Many food products and other organic materials contain proteins that stain fabric materials, such as clothing. Protease enzymes can help remove these stains by breaking down the proteins. Naturally occurring or engineered protease enzymes have been added to laundry detergent compositions for this reason.
Protein usually consists of 20 types of amino acids and these amino acids form a long polypeptide chain. In the. polypeptide chain, each amino acid forms a peptide bond with others amino acids. Proteases hydrolyze this peptide bond as a substrate. However, each protease has a different substrate specificity. For example, some proteases prefer Insulin beta chain and hydrolyze a peptide bond between Valine (Val) and Cystine (Cys) of the insulin beta chain, but other protease hydrolyze a peptide bond between Proline (Pro) and Lysine (Lys) of the insulin beta chain. Therefore, since protease substrate specificity is one of the most important factors when applying proteases to detergent compositions, we need to select the most appropriate protease from among many types of protease.
A detergent composition containing a protease which is effective for removing soils, especially protein based stains and a detergent composition containing a protease wherein the protease is screened by a process, have now been found.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to detergent compositions which comprise a protease(s). More particularly, the present invention relates to laundry detergent compositions, dishwashing detergent compositions, hard surface cleaning compositions and personal cleansing compositions which comprise a protease.
Specifically, in one aspect of the present invention there is provided a detergent composition comprising a protease which the protease is screened by a process comprising measuring the Primary Cleavage Rate, measuring the
Second Cleavage Rate and calculating the ratio of the Primary Cleavage Ratio to the Second Cleavage Rate of proteases; selecting proteases having the Primary Cleavage Rate higher than 1000 μg/min/μg and the ratio of the Primary Cleavage Rate to the Secondary Cleavage Rate lower than 150:1. Preferably, the protease has a Primary Cleavage Rate higher than 1200 μg/min/μg and the ratio of the Primary Cleavage Rate to the Secondary Cleavage Rate is from about 50:1 to about 130:1. Further, the protease is preferably derived from Bacillus Subtilis.
In other aspect of the present invention there is provided a detergent composition comprising : a) from about 0.01 % to about 60% by weight of a detersive surfactant; b) from about 5% to about 80% by weight of a detergent builder; and c) from about 0.0001 % to about 5% by weight of a protease having the Primary Cleavage Rate higher than 1000 μg/min/μg and the ratio of the Primary Cleavage Rate to the Secondary Cleavage Rate lower than 150. 1. In another aspect of the present invention there is provided a process for screening by a process comprising the steps of:a. measuring the Primary Cleavage Rate; b. measuring the Second Cleavage Rate;c. calculating the ratio of the Primary Cleavage Ratio to the Second Cleavage Rate; d. selecting proteases having a Primary Cleavage Rate higher than 1000 μg/min/μg and a ratio of the Primary Cleavage Rate to the Secondary Cleavage Rate lower than 150:1.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION While the specification concludes with claims particularly pointing out and distinctly claiming the invention, it is believed the present invention will be better understood from the following description. All percentages are by weight of total composition unless specifically stated otherwise.
All ratios are weight ratios unless specifically stated otherwise. Definitions
As used herein, "comprising " means that other steps and other ingredients which do not affect the end result can be added. This term encompasses the terms " consisting of " and " consisting essentially of.
All cited references are incorporated herein by reference in their entireties. Citation of any reference is not an admission regarding any determination as to its availability as prior art to the claimed invention. As used herein, the term "detergent composition" or "detergent" is intended to designate any of the agents conventionally used for removing soil, such as general household detergents or laundry detergents of the synthetic or soap type.
PROTEASE ENZYME SELECTION The protease is screened by a process comprising measuring the Primary Cleavage Rate, measuring the Second Cleavage Rate and calculating the ratio of the Primary Cleavage Ratio to the Second Cleavage Rate of proteases. Proteases are selected that having a Primary Cleavage Rate higher than 1000 μg/min/μg and aratio of the Primary Cleavage Rate to the Secondary Cleavage Rate lower than 150:1 wherein the protease
The protease in the detergent composition of the present invention can be obtained from natural sources or recombinant sources. If the protease is obtained from natural sources, the protease is preferably derived from Bacillus Subtilis.
Cleavage Rate
To assess the characteristics of protease for detergent compositions of the present invention, two main characteristics of proteases are important, one is kinetics of hydrolysis (which is correspond to the Primary Cleavage Rate), another is a broad cleavage specificity (which is correspond to the Secondary Cleavage Rate). Either the detergents of this invention clean better or ther is NO invention. Again, you must relate these characteristics to the cleavage rates.
The Cleavage Rate measures how rapid the protease hydrolyzes Insulin B chain polypeptide. The insulin B chain polypeptide consists of 30 amino acids. First, protease hydrolyzes the peptide bond between No. 15 Leusin (Leu) and No. 16 Tyrosine (Tyr) and makes two short polypeptides. The Primary Cleavage Rate of the present invention represents how rapidly the protease hydrolyzes the Insulin beta chain polypeptide and makes two short polypeptides. If the Primary Cleavage Rate of a protease is high, the protease can hydrolyze and make two shorter polypeptides more rapidly. Thus, the Primary Cleavage Rate of the present invention represents kinetics of hydrolysis of proteases. Therefore, if the Primary Cleavage Rate of a protease is higher, the protease can hydrolyze protein soils more rapidly. As explained above, the Insulin beta chain polypeptide is hydrolyzed to two short polypeptides by protease. These two polypeptides do not contain a Leu-Tyr peptide bond because the one available bond was cleaved as described above., In order to hydrolyze the short polypeptides, the protease must hydrolyze other peptide bonds besides Leu-Tyr. One way of quantifying a proteases ability to cleave other bonds is defined as the cleavage specificity. The cleavage specificity is the ability of a protease to cleave the peptide bond next to different amino acids. For example, if a protease cleaves the peptide bond between Leu- Tyr, the cleavage specificity is Leu. Some proteases can cleave several bonds next to different amino acids on different proteins. If the protease has a broader cleavage specificity, the protease may hydrolyze the peptide more rapidly. The Secondary Cleavage Rate represents how rapid protease hydrolyzes the short peptides that results after the Primary Cleavage discussed above. If the Secondary Cleavage Rate is high, the protease can hydrolyze the short polypeptides more rapidly and it means that the protease has a broader cleavage specificity. Although not wanting to be limited by theory, it is believed that in order to hydrolyze protein soils, both the Primary Cleavage Rate and the ratio of the Primary Cleavage Rate to the Secondary Cleavage Rate are important. The ratio of the Primary Cleavage Rate to the Secondary Cleavage rate represents a balance between kinetics of hydrolysis and the broad cleavage specificity. If this ratio is higher than 150:1 , the protease shows relatively less broad cleavage specificity, which results in some protein stains residue remaining on fabrics. Thus, the cleaning efficiency is deminished.
Protease Screening Process In another aspect of the present invention there is provided a detergent composition comprising a protease wherein the protease is screened by a process comprising: a) measuring the Primary Cleavage Rate, measuring the Secondary Cleavage Rate and calculating the ratio of the Primary Cleavage Rate to the Secondary Cleavage Rate of proteases; and b) selecting proteases having the Primary Cleavage Rate higher than 1000 μg/min/μg, preferably, higher than 1200 μg/min/μg, and the ratio of the Primary Cleavage Rate to the Secondary Cleavage Rate lower than 150:1 , preferably, from about 50:1 to about 130:1.
According to the method, some protease are screened. These proteases were described in WO 9920769, WO 9920770, WO 9920771. In order to measure the Primary Cleavage Rate and the Second Cleavage
Rate, we use Insulin beta (B) chain fragmentation pattern test. Insulin B-chain fragmentation pattern -test method is performed as follows:
Insulin B-chain fragmentation pattern test The primary cleavage sites are defined as the sites cleaved in the early stage of hydrolysis of insulin B-chain (before hydrolyzing less than 50% of insulin B-chain). To identify primary cleavage sites and to determine the primary cleavage rate, the following method is used. 1 mg/ml of oxidized insulin B-chain is prepared in 0.1 M tris-HCL buffer of pH 7.0 and incubated at 35 °C for 10 min. Then, 10 microliter of enzyme solution is mixed with the insulin solution to a final enzyme concentration of 0.1-0.2 ppm. After 3 min of hydrolysis, the reaction is stopped by adding equal volume of 0.1 M HCl. Then, the reaction mixture is analyzed by HPLC to measure the fragmented peptides. The identification of the fragmented peptides were performed by measuring the MW by LC/MS. The peaks were quantitatively calculated from the peak area. The pπmary cleavage rate is calculated from the disappearance of insulin B chain in 3 min.
To determine the secondary cleavage rate, the following method is used. 1 mg/ml of oxidized insulin B-chain is prepared in 0.1 M tris-HCL buffer of pH 7.0 and incubated at 35 °C for 10 min. Then, 10 microliter of enzyme solution is mixed with the insulin solution to a final enzyme concentration of 0.1-0.2 ppm. After 2 hr of hydrolysis, the reaction is stopped by adding equal volume of 0.1 M HCl. Then, the reaction mixture is analyzed by HPLC to measure the fragmented peptides. The peaks are quantitatively calculated from the peak area. The secondary cleavage rate is calculated from the disappearance of the peptides generated by the primary hydrolysis, i.e. the disappearance of peptide 1 -15 and peptide16-30 in 2 hr. DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS
The detergent composition of the present invention contains from about
0.0001 % to about 5% by weight of protease. Focusing on the Primary Cleavage Rate (kinetics of the hydrolysis) and the Second Cleavage Rate (broader cleavage specificity) of protease, the present invention provides a detergent composition comprising from about 0.0001 % to about 5% by weight of protease wherein the protease has the Primary Cleavage Rate higher than 1000 μg/min/μg and the ratio of the Primary Cleavage Rate to the Secondary Cleavage Rate is lower than 150:1. Since the Primary Cleavage Rate is higher than 1000 μg/min/μg, the protease in the detergent composition of the present invention can hydrolyze protein soils more rapidly. And since the ratio of the
Primary Cleavage Rate to the Secondary Cleavage Rate is lower than 150:1 , the protease can hydrolyze both protein stains and protein stains residue rapidly. The detergent composition containing a protease which is screened by the process above shows better cleaning performance.
The detergent composition of the present invention contains from about 0.0001 % to about 5%, preferably, from about 0.002% to about 1 % by weight of the protease.
Detersive surfactant
The detergent compositions of the present invention includes surfactants wherein the surfactant can be selected from the group consisting of nonionic and/or anionic and/or cationic and/or ampholytic and/or zwitterionic and/or semi- polar surfactants.
The surfactant is typically present at a level of from about 0.01 % to about 60% by weight. More preferred levels of incorporation are from about 1 % to about 35% by weight, most preferably from about 1 % to about 30% by weight of detergent compositions in accord with the invention. The surfactant is preferably formulated to be compatible with enzyme components present in the composition. In liquid or gel compositions the surfactant is most preferably formulated such that it promotes, or at least does not degrade, the stability of any enzyme in these compositions.
Preferred surfactants to be used according to the present invention comprise as a surfactant one or more of the nonionic and/or anionic surfactants described herein.
Polyethylene, polypropylene, and polybutylene oxide condensates of alkyl phenols are suitable for use as the nonionic surfactant of the present invention, with the polyethylene oxide condensates being preferred. These compounds include the condensation products of alkyl phenols having an alkyl group containing from about 6 to about 14 carbon atoms, preferably from about 8 to about 14 carbon atoms, in either a straight-chain or branched-chain configuration with the alkylene oxide. In a preferred embodiment, the ethylene oxide is present in an amount equal to from about 2 to about 25 moles, more preferably from about 3 to about 15 moles, of ethylene oxide per mole of alkyl phenol. Commercially available nonionic surfactants of this type include IgepafM CO-
630, marketed by the GAF Corporation; and Triton™ X-45, X-114, X-100 and X-
102, all marketed by the Rohm & Haas Company. These surfactants are commonly referred to as alkylphenol alkoxylates (e.g., alkyl phenol ethoxylates).
The condensation products of primary and secondary aliphatic alcohols with from about 1 to about 25 moles of ethylene oxide are suitable for use as the nonionic surfactant of the nonionic surfactant s of the present invention. The alkyl chain of the aliphatic alcohol can either be straight or branched, primary or secondary, and generally contains from about 8 to about 22 carbon atoms. Preferred are the condensation products of alcohol having an alkyl group containing from about 8 to about 20 carbon atoms, more preferably from about 10 to about 18 carbon atoms, with from about 2 to about 10 moles of ethylene oxide per mole of alcohol. About 2 to about 7 moles of ethylene oxide and most preferably from 2 to 5 moles of ethylene oxide per mole of alcohol are present in said condensation products. Examples of commercially available nonionic surfactants of this type include TergitolTM 15-S-9 (the condensation product of C11 -C15 linear alcohol with 9 moles ethylene oxide), TergitolT 24-L-6 NMW (the condensation product of C-12-C14 primary alcohol with 6 moles ethylene oxide with a narrow molecular weight distribution), both marketed by Union Carbide Corporation; Neodol™ 45-9 (the condensation product of C14-C-15 linear alcohol with 9 moles of ethylene oxide), NeodofTM 23-3 (the condensation product of C-|2-C-| 3 linear alcohol with 3.0 moles of ethylene oxide), NeodofM 45-7 (the condensation product of C-14-C15 linear alcohol with 7 moles of ethylene oxide), Neodol™ 45-5 (the condensation product of C14-C15 linear alcohol with 5 moles of ethylene oxide) marketed by Shell Chemical Company, Kyro™ EOB (the condensation product of C-13-C15 alcohol with 9 moles ethylene oxide), marketed by The Procter & Gamble Company, and Genapol LA 030 or 050 (the condensation product of C12-C14 alcohol with 3 or 5 moles of ethylene oxide) marketed by Hoechst. Preferred range of HLB in these products is from 8-1 1 and most preferred from 8-10. Also useful nonionic surfactants of the present invention are the alkylpolysaccharides disclosed in U.S. Patent 4,565,647, Llenado, issued January 21 , 1986, having a hydrophobic group containing from about 6 to about 30 carbon atoms, preferably from about 10 to about 16 carbon atoms and a polysaccharide, e.g. a polyglycoside, hydrophilic group containing from about 1.3 to about 10, preferably from about 1.3 to about 3, most preferably from about 1.3 to about 2.7 saccharide units. Any reducing saccharide containing 5 or 6 carbon atoms can be used, e.g., glucose, galactose and galactosyl moieties can be substituted for the glucosyl moieties (optionally the hydrophobic group is attached at the 2-, 3-, 4-. etc. positions thus giving a glucose or galactose as opposed to a glucoside or galactoside). The intersaccharide bonds can be, e.g., between the one position of the additional saccharide units and the 2-, 3-, 4-, and/or 6- positions on the preceding saccharide units.
The preferred alkylpolyglycosides have the formula
R2θ(CnH2nO)t(giycosyl)x
wherein R2 is selected from the group consisting of alkyl, alkylphenyl, hydroxyalkyl, hydroxyalkylphenyl, and mixtures thereof in which the alkyl groups contain from about 10 to about 18, preferably from about 12 to about 14, carbon atoms; n is 2 or 3, preferably 2; t is from 0 to about 10, preferably 0; and x is from about 1.3 to about 10, preferably from about 1.3 to about 3, most preferably from about 1.3 to about 2.7. The glycosyl is preferably derived from glucose. To prepare these compounds, the alcohol or alkylpolyethoxy alcohol is formed first and then reacted with glucose, or a source of glucose, to form the glucoside (attachment at the 1 -position). The additional glycosyl units can then be attached between their 1 -position and the preceding glycosyl units 2-, 3-, 4- and/or 6- position, preferably predominately the 2-position.
The condensation products of ethylene oxide with a hydrophobic base formed by the condensation of propylene oxide with propylene glycol are also suitable for use as the additional nonionic detersive surfactant of the present invention. The hydrophobic portion of these compounds will preferably have a molecular weight of from about 1500 to about 1800 and will exhibit water insolubility. The addition of polyoxyethylene moieties to this hydrophobic portion tends to increase the water solubility of the molecule as a whole, and the liquid character of the product is retained up to the point where the polyoxyethylene content is about 50% of the total weight of the condensation product, which corresponds to condensation with up to about 40 moles of ethylene oxide. Examples of compounds of this type include certain of the commercially-available Plurafac™ LF404 and Pluronic™ surfactants, marketed by BASF. Also suitable for use as the nonionic surfactant of the present invention, are the condensation products of ethylene oxide with the product resulting from the reaction of propylene oxide and ethylenediamine. The hydrophobic moiety of these products consists of the reaction product of ethylenediamine and excess propylene oxide, and generally has a molecular weight of from about 2500 to about 3000. This hydrophobic moiety is condensed with ethylene oxide to the extent that the condensation product contains from about 40% to about 80% by weight of polyoxyethylene and has a molecular weight of from about 5,000 to about 1 1 ,000. Examples of this type of nonionic surfactant include certain of the commercially available TetronicT compounds, marketed by BASF. Preferred for use as the nonionic surfactant of the present invention are polyethylene oxide condensates of alkyl phenols, condensation products of primary and secondary aliphatic alcohols with from about 1 to about 25 moles of ethylene oxide, alkylpoiysaccharides, and mixtures thereof. Most preferred are C-8-C-I4 alkyl phenol ethoxylates having from 3 to 15 ethoxy groups and Cg-C^ s alcohol ethoxylates (preferably C-| o avg.) having from 2 to 10 ethoxy groups, and mixtures thereof.
Highly preferred nonionic surfactants are polyhydroxy fatty acid amide surfactants of the formula.
R2 - C - N - Z, O R1
wherein R1 is H, or R1 is C-1.4 hydrocarbyl, 2-hydroxy ethyl, 2-hydroxy propyl or a mixture thereof, R^ is C5.31 hydrocarbyl, and Z is a polyhydroxyhydrocarbyl having a linear hydrocarbyl chain with at least 3 hydroxyls directly connected to the chain, or an alkoxylated derivative thereof. Preferably, R1 is methyl, R^ is a straight C-| -1-15 alkyl or C^ Q.^ Q alkyl or alkenyl chain such as coconut alkyl or mixtures thereof, and Z is derived from a reducing sugar such as glucose, fructose, maltose, lactose, in a reductive amination reaction.
Suitable anionic surfactants to be used are linear alkyl benzene sulfonate, alkyl ester sulfonate, branched alkyl sulfonate, mid-branched alkyl sulfonate surfactants including linear esters of C8-C20 carboxylic acids (i.e., fatty acids) which are sulfonated with gaseous SO3 according to "The Journal of the American Oil Chemists Society", 52 (1975), pp. 323-329. Suitable starting materials would include natural fatty substances as derived from tallow, palm oil, etc.
The preferred alkyl ester sulfonate surfactant, especially for laundry applications, comprise alkyl ester sulfonate surfactants of the structural formula :
O
II R3 - CH - C - OR4
I SO3M wherein R3 is a C8-C20 hydrocarbyl, preferably an alkyl, or combination thereof,
R4 is a C-i-Cβ hydrocarbyl, preferably an alkyl, or combination thereof, and M is a cation which forms a water soluble salt with the alkyl ester sulfonate. Suitable salt-forming cations include metals such as sodium, potassium, and lithium, and substituted or unsubstituted ammonium cations, such as monoethanolamine, diethanolamine, and triethanolamine. Preferably, R3 is C10- 16 alkyl, and R4 is methyl, ethyl or isopropyl. Especially preferred are the methyl ester sulfonates wherein R3 is C10- 16 alkyl.
Other suitable anionic surfactants include the alkyl sulfate surfactants which are water soluble salts or acids of the formula ROSO3M wherein R preferably is a C10-C24 hydrocarbyl, preferably an alkyl or hydroxyalkyl having a C10- 20 alkyl component, more preferably a C12-C-18 alkyl or hydroxyalkyl, and M is H or a cation, e.g., an alkali metal cation (e.g. sodium, potassium, lithium), or ammonium or substituted ammonium (e.g. methyl-, dimethyl-, and trimethyl ammonium cations and quaternary ammonium cations such as tetramethyl- ammonium and dimethyl piperdinium cations and quaternary ammonium cations derived from alkylamines such as ethylamine, diethylamine, triethylamine, and mixtures thereof, and the like). Typically, alkyl chains of C12-C16 are preferred for lower wash temperatures (e.g. below about 50°C) and Ci 6_-| 8 alkyl chains are preferred for higher wash temperatures (e.g. above about 50°C).
Other anionic surfactants useful for detersive purposes can also be included in the detergent compositions of the present invention. These can include salts (including, for example, sodium, potassium, ammonium, and substituted ammonium salts such as mono-, di- and triethanolamine salts) of soap, C8-C22 primary of secondary alkanesulfonates, C8-C24 olefinsulfonates, sulfonated polycarboxylic acids prepared by sulfonation of the pyrolyzed product of alkaline earth metal citrates, e.g., as described in British patent specification No. 1 ,082,179, C8-C-24 alkylpolyglycolethersulfates (containing up to 10 moles of ethylene oxide); alkyl glycerol sulfonates, fatty acyl glycerol sulfonates, fatty oleyl glycerol sulfates, alkyl phenol ethylene oxide ether sulfates, paraffin sulfonates, alkyl phosphates, isethionates such as the acyl isethionates, N-acyl taurates, alkyl succinamates and sulfosuccinates, monoesters of sulfosuccinates (especially saturated and unsaturated C12-C18 monoesters) and diesters of sulfosuccinates (especially saturated and unsaturated C -C^ diesters), acyl sarcosinates, sulfates of alkylpolysaccharides such as the sulfates of alkylpolyglucoside (the nonionic nonsulfated compounds being described below), branched primary alkyl sulfates, and alkyl polyethoxy carboxylates such as those of the formula RO(CH2CH2θ)k-CH2COO-M+ wherein R is a C8-C22 alkyl, k is an integer from 1 to 10, and M is a soluble salt-forming cation. Resin acids and hydrogenated resin acids are also suitable, such as rosin, hydrogenated rosin, and resin acids and hydrogenated resin acids present in or derived from tall oil.
Further examples are described in "Surface Active Agents and Detergents"
(Vol. I and II by Schwartz, Perry and Berch). A variety of such surfactants are also generally disclosed in U.S. Patent 3,929,678, issued December 30, 1975 to
Laughiin, et al. at Column 23, line 58 through Column 29, line 23 (herein incorporated by reference).
When included therein, the detergent compositions of the present invention typically comprise from about 1 % to about 40%, preferably from about 3% to about 20% by weight of such anionic surfactants.
Highly preferred anionic surfactants include alkyl alkoxylated sulfate surfactants hereof are water soluble salts or acids of the formula RO(A)mS03M wherein R is an unsubstituted C-| rj- 24 alkyl or hydroxyalkyl group having a C-| Q-
C24 alkyl component, preferably a C-12-C20 alkyl or hydroxyalkyl, more preferably C12-C18 alkyl or hydroxyalkyl, A is an ethoxy or propoxy unit, m is greater than zero, typically between about 0.5 and about 6, more preferably between about 0.5 and about 3, and M is H or a cation which can be, for example, a metal cation (e.g., sodium, potassium, lithium, calcium, magnesium, etc.), ammonium or substituted-ammonium cation. Alkyl ethoxylated sulfates as well as alkyl propoxylated sulfates are contemplated herein. Specific examples of substituted ammonium cations include methyl-, dimethyl, trimethyl-ammonium cations and quaternary ammonium cations such as tetramethyl-ammonium and dimethyl piperdinium cations and those derived from alkylamines such as ethyiamine, diethylamine, triethylamine, mixtures thereof, and the like. Exemplary surfactants are C12-C-18 alkvl polyethoxylate (1.0) sulfate (C-| 2-C-| 8E(1 -0)M), C12-C18 alkyl polyethoxylate (2.25) sulfate (C-|2-Cl 8E(2-25)M), C12-C18 alkyl polyethoxylate (3.0) sulfate (C-| 2-C-| 8E(3.0)M), and C12-C-18 alkyl polyethoxylate (4.0) sulfate (C-| 2- -i 8E(4.0)M), wherein M is conveniently selected from sodium and potassium. The detergent compositions of the present invention may also contain cationic, ampholytic, zwitterionic, and semi-polar surfactants, as well as the nonionic and/or anionic surfactants other than those already described herein. Cationic detersive surfactants suitable for use in the detergent compositions of the present invention are those having one long-chain hydrocarbyl group. Examples of such cationic surfactants include the ammonium surfactants such as alkyltrimethylammonium halogenides, and those surfactants having the formula :
[R2(OR3)y][R4(OR3)y]2R5N+X-
wherein R2 is an alkyl or alkyl benzyl group having from about 8 to about 18 carbon atoms in the alkyl chain, each R3 is selected from the group consisting of -CH2CH2-, -CH2CH(CH3)-, -CH2CH(CH2OH)-, -CH2CH2CH2-, and mixtures thereof; each R4 is selected from the group consisting of C-1 -C4 alkyl, C1-C4 hydroxyalkyl, benzyl ring structures formed by joining the two R4 groups, - CH2CHOH-CHOHCOR6CHOHCH2θH wherein R6 is any hexose or hexose polymer having a molecular weight less than about 1000, and hydrogen when y is not 0; R5 is the same as R4 or is an alkyl chain wherein the total number of carbon atoms of R2 plus R5 is not more than about 18; each y is from 0 to about 10 and the sum of the y values is from 0 to about 15; and X is any compatible anion.
Quaternary ammonium surfactant suitable for the present invention has the formula (I):
R? R*
©J ^
R' °- :% x- Formula I whereby R1 is a short chainlength alkyl (C6-C10) or alkylamidoalkyl of the formula (II) :
Figure imgf000015_0001
Formula II
y is 2-4, preferably 3. whereby R2 is H or a C1-C3 alkyl, whereby x is 0-4, preferably 0-2, most preferably 0, whereby R3, R4 and R5 are either the same or different and can be either a short chain alkyl (C1-C3) or alkoxylated alkyl of the formula III, whereby X" is a counterion, preferably a halide, e.g. chloride or methylsulfate.
Figure imgf000016_0001
Formula III R6 is C<|-C4 and z is 1 or 2.
Preferred quaternary ammonium surfactants are those as defined in formula I whereby
R-l is Cs, C-10 or mixtures thereof, x=o,
R3, R4 = CH3 and R5 = CH2CH2OH.
Highly preferred cationic surfactants are the water-soluble quaternary ammonium compounds useful in the present composition having the formula :
R1 R2R3R4N+X- (i)
wherein R is C8-C-| ø alkyl, each of R2, R3 and R4 is independently C-1-C4 alkyl, C-1-C4 hydroxy alkyl, benzyl, and -(C2H4o)xH where x has a value from 2 to 5, and X is an anion. Not more than one of R2, R3 or R4 should be benzyl. The preferred alkyl chain length for R<| is C-12- 15 particularly where the alkyl group is a mixture of chain lengths derived from coconut or palm kernel fat or is derived synthetically by olefin build up or OXO alcohols synthesis. Preferred groups for R2R3 and R4 are methyl and hydroxyethyl groups and the anion X may be selected from halide, methosulphate, acetate and phosphate ions. Examples of suitable quaternary ammonium compounds of formulae (i) for use herein are : coconut trimethyl ammonium chloride or bromide; coconut methyl dihydroxyethyl ammonium chloride or bromide; decyl triethyl ammonium chloride; decyl dimethyl hydroxyethyl ammonium chloride or bromide;
C-12-15 dimethyl hydroxyethyl ammonium chloride or bromide; coconut dimethyl hydroxyethyl ammonium chloride or bromide; myristyl trimethyl ammonium methyl sulphate; lauryl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride or bromide; lauryl dimethyl (ethenoxy)4 ammonium chloride or bromide; choline esters (compounds of formula (i) wherein r\ is CH2-CH2-O-C-C-12-I4 alkyl and R2R3R4 are methyl).
II O di-alkyl imidazolines [compounds of formula (i)].
Other cationic surfactants useful herein are also described in U.S. Patent 4,228,044, Cambre, issued October 14, 1980 and in European Patent Application EP 000,224.
Typical cationic fabric softening components include the water-insoluble quaternary-ammonium fabric softening actives or thei corresponding amine precursor, the most commonly used having been di-long alkyl chain ammonium chloride or methyl sulfate. Preferred cationic softeners among these include the following:
I ) ditallow dimethylammonium chloride (DTDMAC); 2) dihydrogenated tallow dimethylammonium chloride;
3) dihydrogenated tallow dimethylammonium methylsulfate;
4) distearyl dimethylammonium chloride;
5) dioleyl dimethylammonium chloride;
6) dipalmityl hydroxyethyl methylammonium chloride; 7) stearyl benzyl dimethylammonium chloride;
8) tallow trimethylammonium chloride;
9) hydrogenated tallow trimethylammonium chloride;
10) C-|2"14 alkyl hydroxyethyl dimethylammonium chloride;
I I ) C-| 2-18 a'kyl dihydroxyethyl methylammonium chloride; 12) di(stearoyloxyethyl) dimethylammonium chloride (DSOEDMAC);
13) di(tallow-oxy-ethyl) dimethylammonium chloride;
14) ditallow imidazolinium methylsulfate;
15) 1-(2-tallowylamidoethyl)-2-tallowyl imidazolinium methylsulfate.
Biodegradable quaternary ammonium compounds have been presented as alternatives to the traditionally used di-long alkyl chain ammonium chlorides and methyl sulfates. Such quaternary ammonium compounds contain long chain alk(en)yl groups interrupted by functional groups such as carboxy groups. Said materials and fabric softening compositions containing them are disclosed in numerous publications such as EP-A-0,040,562, and EP-A-0,239,910. The quaternary ammonium compounds and amine precursors herein have the formula (I) or (II), below :
Figure imgf000018_0001
(I) (II)
wherein Q is selected from -O-C(O)-, -C(0)-0-, -0-C(0)-0-, -NR4-C(0)-, -C(O)- NR4-; R1 is (CH2)n-Q-T2 or T3;
R2 is (CH2)m-Q-T4 or T$ or R3;
R3 is C1-C4 alkyl or C1-C4 hydroxyalkyl or H;
R4 is H or C-1-C4 alkyl or C1-C4 hydroxyalkyl;
T1 , T2, T3, T4, T5 are independently C^ 1-C22 alkyl or alkenyl; n and m are integers from 1 to 4; and
X" is a softener-compatible anion. Non-limiting examples of softener-compatible anions include chloride or methyl sulfate.
The alkyl, or alkenyl, chain T1 , τ2, T3, T4, T^ must contain at least 11 carbon atoms, preferably at least 16 carbon atoms. The chain may be straight or branched. Tallow is a convenient and inexpensive source of long chain alkyl and alkenyl material. The compounds wherein T1 , τ2, T3, T4, T^ represents the mixture of long chain materials typical for tallow are particularly preferred.
Specific examples of quaternary ammonium compounds suitable for use in the aqueous fabric softening compositions herein include :
1 ) N,N-di(tallowyl-oxy-ethyl)-N,N-dimethyl ammonium chloride;
2) N,N-di(tallowyl-oxy-ethyl)-N-methyl, N-(2-hydroxyethyl) ammonium methyl sulfate;
3) N,N-di(2-tallowyl-oxy-2-oxo-ethyl)-N,N-dimethyl ammonium chloride; 4) N,N-di(2-tallowyl-oxy-ethylcarbonyl-oxy-ethyl)-N,N-dimethyl ammonium chloride; 5) N-(2-tallowyl-oxy-2-ethyl)-N-(2-tallowyl-oxy-2-oxo-ethyl)-N,N-dimethyl ammonium chloride;
6) N,N,N-tri(tallowyl-oxy-ethyl)-N-methyl ammonium chloride; 7) N-(2-tallowyl-oxy-2-oxo-ethyl)-N-(tallowyl-N,N-dimethyl-ammonium chloride; and
8) 1 ,2-ditallowyl-oxy-3-trimethylammoniopropane chloride; and mixtures of any of the above materials.
When included therein, the detergent compositions of the present invention typically comprise from 0.2% to about 25%, preferably from about 1 % to about
8% by weight of such cationic surfactants.
Ampholytic surfactants are also suitable for use in the detergent compositions of the present invention. These surfactants can be broadly described as aliphatic derivatives of secondary or tertiary amines, or aliphatic derivatives of heterocyclic secondary and tertiary amines in which the aliphatic radical can be straight- or branched-chain. One of the aliphatic substituents contains at least about 8 carbon atoms, typically from about 8 to about 18 carbon atoms, and at least one contains an anionic water-solubilizing group, e.g. carboxy, sulfonate, sulfate. See U.S. Patent No. 3,929,678 to Laughlin et al., issued December 30, 1975 at column 19, lines 18-35, for examples of ampholytic surfactants.
When included therein, the detergent compositions of the present invention typically comprise from 0.2% to about 15%, preferably from about 1 % to about
10% by weight of such ampholytic surfactants. Zwitterionic surfactants are also suitable for use in detergent compositions.
These surfactants can be broadly described as derivatives of secondary and tertiary amines, derivatives of heterocyclic secondary and tertiary amines, or derivatives of quaternary ammonium, quaternary phosphonium or tertiary sulfonium compounds. See U.S. Patent No. 3,929,678 to Laughlin et al., issued December 30, 1975 at column 19, line 38 through column 22, line 48, for examples of zwitterionic surfactants.
When included therein, the detergent compositions of the present invention typically comprise from 0.2% to about 15%, preferably from about 1 % to about
10% by weight of such zwitterionic surfactants. Semi-polar nonionic surfactants are a special category of nonionic surfactants which include water-soluble amine oxides containing one alkyl moiety of from about 10 to about 18 carbon atoms and 2 moieties selected from the group consisting of alkyl groups and hydroxyalkyl groups containing from about 1 to about 3 carbon atoms; water-soluble phosphine oxides containing one alkyl moiety of from about 10 to about 18 carbon atoms and 2 moieties selected from the group consisting of alkyl groups and hydroxyalkyl groups containing from about 1 to about 3 carbon atoms; and water-soluble sulfoxides containing one alkyl moiety of from about 10 to about 18 carbon atoms and a moiety selected from the group consisting of alkyl and hydroxyalkyl moieties of from about 1 to about 3 carbon atoms.
Semi-polar nonionic detergent surfactants include the amine oxide surfactants having the formula
0
R (OR4)xN(R5)2 wherein R3 is an alkyl, hydroxyalkyl, or alkyl phenyl group or mixtures therof containing from about 8 to about 22 carbon atoms; R4 is an alkylene or hydroxyalkylene group containing from about 2 to about 3 carbon atoms or mixtures thereof; x is from 0 to about 3; and each R^ is an alkyl or hydroxyalkyl group containing from about 1 to about 3 carbon atoms or a polyethylene oxide group containing from about 1 to about 3 ethylene oxide groups. The R^ groups can be attached to each other, e.g., through an oxygen or nitrogen atom, to form a ring structure. These amine oxide surfactants in particular include C-| rj-Ci 8 alkyl dimethyl amine oxides and C8-C12 alkoxy ethyl dihydroxy ethyl amine oxides.
When included therein, the cleaning compositions of the present invention typically comprise from 0.2% to about 15%, preferably from about 1 % to about 10% by weight of such semi-polar nonionic surfactants. The detergent composition of the present invention may further comprise a cosurfactant selected from the group of primary or tertiary amines. Suitable primary amines for use herein include amines according to the formula R-1 NH2 wherein R<| is a C6-C12, preferably CQ-C-\ Q alkyl chain or R4X(CH2)n- X is -0-,-C(0)NH- or -NH-ι R4 is a C6-C12 alkyl chain n is between 1 to 5, preferably 3. R-| alkyl chains may be straight or branched and may be interrupted with up to 12, preferably less than 5 ethylene oxide moieties.
Preferred amines according to the formula herein above are n-alkyl amines.
Suitable amines for use herein may be selected from 1-hexylamine, 1- octylamine, 1-decylamine and laurylamine. Other preferred primary amines include C8-C10 oxypropylamine, octyloxypropylamine, 2-ethylhexyl- oxypropylamine, lauryl amido propylamine and amido propylamine.
Suitable tertiary amines for use herein include tertiary amines having the formula R1 R2R3N wherein R1 and R2 are C-i-Cs alkylchains or ϊs
— ( c H2 — H θ )xH
R3 is either a C -C-12, preferably Cβ-C-i o alkyl chain, or R3 is R4X(CH2)n- whereby X is -0-, -C(0)NH- or -NH- R4 is a C4-C12, n is between 1 to 5, preferably 2-3. R5 is H or C-1 -C2 alkyl and x is between 1 to 6 . R3 and R4 may be linear or branched ; R3 alkyl chains may be interrupted with up to 12, preferably less than 5, ethylene oxide moieties.
Preferred tertiary amines are R1 R2R3N where R1 is a C6-C12 alkyl chain,
R2 and R3 are C1-C3 alkyl or
Figure imgf000021_0001
where R5 is H or CH3 and x = 1 -2.
Also preferred are the amidoamines of the formula:
0
Ri C-NH — ( CH2 )— N — ( R2 ) n 2 wherein R-j is Cβ-C^ alkyl; n is 2-4, preferably n is 3; R2 and R3 is Cι-C4
Most preferred amines of the present invention include 1 -octylamine, 1- hexylamine, 1-decylamine, 1-dodecylamine,C8-10oxypropylamine, N coco 1-
3diaminopropane, coconutalkyldimethylamine, lauryldimethylamine, lauryl bis(hydroxyethyl)amine, coco bis(hydroxyehtyl)amine, lauryl amine 2 moles propoxylated, octyl amine 2 moles propoxylated, lauryl amidopropyldimethylamine, C8-10 amidopropyldimethylamine and C10 amidopropyldimethylamine.
The most preferred amines for use in the compositions herein are 1 -hexylamine, 1 -octylamine, 1 -decylamine, 1-dodecylamine. Especially desirable are n- dodecyldimethylamine and bishydroxyethylcoconutalkylamine and oleylamine 7 times ethoxylated, lauryl amido propylamine and cocoamido propylamine.
ADDITIONAL INGREDIENTS
Builder
The compositions according to the present invention may further comprise a builder. Any conventional builder is suitable for use herein including aluminosilicate materials, silicates, polycarboxylates, alkyl- or alkenyi-succinic acid and fatty acids, materials such as ethylenediamine tetraacetate, diethylene triamine pentamethyleneacetate, metal ion sequestrants such as aminopolyphosphonates, particularly ethylenediamine tetramethylene phosphonic acid and diethylene triamine pentamethyienephosphonic acid.
Phosphate builders can also be used herein.
Suitable builders can be an inorganic ion exchange material, commonly an inorganic hydrated aluminosilicate material, more particularly a hydrated synthetic zeolite such as hydrated zeolite A, X, B, HS or MAP.
Another suitable inorganic builder material is layered silicate, e.g. SKS-6
(Hoechst). SKS-6 is a crystalline layered silicate consisting of sodium silicate (Na2Si205). Suitable polycarboxylates containing one carboxy group include lactic acid, glycolic acid and ether derivatives thereof as disclosed in Belgian Patent Nos. 831 ,368, 821 ,369 and 821 ,370. Polycarboxylates containing two carboxy groups include the water-soluble salts of succinic acid, malonic acid, (ethylenedioxy) diacetic acid, maleic acid, diglycollic acid, tartaric acid, tartronic acid and fumaric acid, as well as the ether carboxylates described in German Offenlegenschrift 2,446,686, and 2,446,687 and U.S. Patent No. 3,935,257 and the sulfinyl carboxylates described in Belgian Patent No. 840,623. Polycarboxylates containing three carboxy groups include, in particular, water- soluble citrates, aconitrates and citraconates as well as succinate derivatives such as the carboxymethyloxysuccinates described in British Patent No. 9 ?
1 ,379,241 , lactoxysuccinates described in Netherlands Application 7205873, and the oxypolycarboxylate materials such as 2-oxa-1 ,1 ,3-propane tricarboxylates described in British Patent No. 1 ,387,447.
Polycarboxylates containing four carboxy groups include oxydisuccinates disclosed in British Patent No. 1 ,261 ,829, 1 ,1 ,2,2-ethane tetracarboxylates, 1 ,1 ,3,3-propane tetracarboxylates and 1 ,1 ,2,3-propane tetracarboxylates. Polycarboxylates containing sulfo substituents include the sulfosuccinate derivatives disclosed in British Patent Nos. 1 ,398,421 and 1 ,398,422 and in U.S. Patent No. 3,936,448, and the sulfonated pyrolysed citrates described in British Patent No. 1 ,082,179, while polycarboxylates containing phosphone substituents are disclosed in British Patent No. 1 ,439,000.
Alicyclic and heterocyclic polycarboxylates include cyclopentane- cis,cis,cis-tetracarboxylates, cyclopentadienide pentacarboxylates, 2,3,4,5- tetrahydro-furan - cis, cis, cis-tetracarboxylates, 2,5-tetrahydro-furan -cis - dicarboxylates, 2,2,5,5-tetrahydrofuran - tetracarboxylates, 1 ,2,3,4,5,6-hexane - hexacar-boxylates and and carboxymethyl derivatives of polyhydric alcohols such as sorbitol, mannitol and xylitol. Aromatic poly-carboxylates include mellitic acid, pyromellitic acid and the phthalic acid derivatives disclosed in British Patent No. 1 ,425,343. Of the above, the preferred polycarboxylates are hydroxycarboxylates containing up to three carboxy groups per molecule, more particularly citrates.
Preferred builder s for use in the present compositions include a mixture of a water-insoluble aluminosilicate builder such as zeolite A or of a layered silicate (SKS-6), and a water-soluble carboxylate chelating agent such as citric acid. Other preferred builders include a mixture of a water-insoluble aluminosilicate builder such as zeolite A, and a watersoluble carboxylate chelating agent such as citric acid. Preferred builders for use in liquid detergent compositions of the present invention are soaps and polycarboxylates.
Other builder materials that can form part of the builder for use in granular compositions include inorganic materials such as alkali metal carbonates such as citrate, bicarbonates, silicates, and organic materials such as the organic phosphonates, amino polyalkylene phosphonates and amino polycarboxylates.
Other suitable water-soluble organic salts are the homo- or co-polymeric acids or their salts, in which the polycarboxylic acid comprises at least two carboxyl radicals separated from each other by not more than two carbon atoms. Polymers of this type are disclosed in GB-A-1 ,596,756. Examples of such salts are polyacrylates of MW 2000-5000 and their copolymers with maleic anhydride, such copolymers having a molecular weight of from 20,000 to 70,000, especially about 40,000. Detergency builder salts are normally included in amounts of from 5% to about 80% by weight of the composition, preferably, from about 10% to about 70% and most usually from about 30% to about 60% by weight.
Detergent enzymes The detergent compositions can further comprise one or more enzymes which provide cleaning performance, fabric care and/or sanitisation benefits.
Said enzymes include enzymes selected from cellulases, hemicellulases, peroxidases, gluco-amylases, amylases, xylanases, lipases, phospholipases, esterases, cutinases, pectinases, keratanases, reductases, oxidases, phenoloxidases, lipoxygenases, ligninases, pullulanases, tannases, pentosanases, malanases, β-glucanases, arabinosidases, hyaluronidase, chondroitinase, laccase or mixtures thereof. Other conventional proteases than the protease of the present invention can also be used.
A preferred combination is a detergent composition having cocktail of conventional applicable enzymes like amylase, lipase, cutinase and/or cellulase in conjunction with one or more plant cell wall degrading enzymes.
The cellulases usable in the present invention include both bacterial or fungal cellulases. Preferably, they will have a pH optimum of between 5 and 12 and an activity above 50 CEVU (Cellulose Viscosity Unit). Suitable cellulases are disclosed in U.S. Patent 4,435,307, Barbesgoard et al, J61078384 and WO96/02653 which discloses fungal cellulase produced respectively from Humicola insolens, Trichoderma, Thielavia and Sporotrichum. EP 739 982 describes cellulases isolated from novel Bacillus species. Suitable cellulases are also disclosed in GB-A-2.075.028; GB-A-2.095.275; DE-OS-2.247.832 and W095/26398.
Examples of such cellulases are cellulases produced by a strain of Humicola insolens (Humicola grisea var. thermoidea), particularly the Humicola strain DSM 1800. Other suitable cellulases are cellulases originated from Humicola insolens having a molecular weight of about 50KDa, an isoelectric point of 5.5 and containing 415 amino acids; and a ~43kD endoglucanase derived from Humicola insolens, DSM 1800, exhibiting cellulase activity; a preferred endoglucanase component has the amino acid sequence disclosed in PCT Patent Application No. WO 91/17243. Also suitable cellulases are the EGIII cellulases from Trichoderma longibrachiatum described in WO94/21801 , Genencor, published September 29, 1994. Especially suitable cellulases are the cellulases having color care benefits. Examples of such cellulases are cellulases described in European patent application No. 91202879.2, filed November 6, 1991 (Novo). Carezyme and Celluzyme (Novo Nordisk A/S) are especially useful. See also W091/17244 and WO91/21801. Other suitable cellulases for fabric care and/or cleaning properties are described in WO96/34092, W096/17994 and W095/24471.
Said cellulases are normally incorporated in the detergent composition at levels from 0.0001 % to 2% of pure enzyme by weight of the detergent composition. Peroxidase enzymes are used in combination with oxygen sources, e.g. percarbonate, perborate, persulfate, hydrogen peroxide, etc and with a phenolic substrate as bleach enhancing molecule. They are used for "solution bleaching", i.e. to prevent transfer of dyes or pigments removed from substrates during wash operations to other substrates in the wash solution. Peroxidase enzymes are known in the art, and include, for example, horseradish peroxidase, ligninase and haloperoxidase such as chloro- and bromo-peroxidase. Peroxidase-containing detergent compositions are disclosed, for example, in PCT International Application WO 89/099813, WO89/09813 and in European Patent application EP No. 91202882.6, filed on November 6, 1991 and EP No. 96870013.8, filed February 20, 1996. Also suitable is the laccase enzyme.
Enhancers are generally comprised at a level of from 0.1 % to 5% by weight of total composition. Preferred enhancers are substitued phenthiazine and phenoxasine 10-Phenothiazinepropionicacid (PPT), 10-ethylphenothiazine-4- carboxylic acid (EPC), 10-phenoxazinepropionic acid (POP) and 10- methylphenoxazine (described in WO 94/12621 ) and substitued syringates (C3- C5 substitued alkyl syringates) and phenols. Sodium percarbonate or perborate are preferred sources of hydrogen peroxide.
Said peroxidases are normally incorporated in the detergent composition at levels from 0.0001 % to 2% of pure enzyme by weight of the detergent composition. Other preferred enzymes that can be included in the detergent compositions of the present invention include lipases. Suitable lipase enzymes for detergent usage include those produced by microorganisms of the Pseudomonas group, such as Pseudomonas stutzeri ATCC 19.154, as disclosed in British Patent 1 ,372,034. Suitable lipases include those which show a positive immunological cross-reaction with the antibody of the lipase, produced by the microorganism Pseudomonas fluorescent IAM 1057. This lipase is available from Amano Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Nagoya, Japan, under the trade name Lipase P "Amano," hereinafter referred to as "Amano-P". Other suitable commercial lipases include Amano-CES, lipases ex Chromobacter viscosum, e.g. Chromobacter viscosum var. lipolyticum NRRLB 3673 from Toyo Jozo Co., Tagata, Japan; Chromobacter viscosum lipases from U.S. Biochemical Corp., U.S.A. and Disoynth Co., The Netherlands, and lipases ex Pseudomonas gladioli. Especially suitable lipases are lipases such as M1 Lipase^ and LipomaχR (Gist-Brocades) and Lipolase^ and Lipolase UltraR(Novo) which have found to be very effective when used in combination with the compositions of the present invention. Also suitables are the lipolytic enzymes described in EP 258 068, WO 92/05249 and WO 95/22615 by Novo Nordisk and in WO 94/03578, WO 95/35381 and WO 96/00292 by Unilever. Also suitable are cutinases [EC 3.1.1.50] which can be considered as a special kind of lipase, namely lipases which do not require interfacial activation. Addition of cutinases to detergent compositions have been described in e.g. WO-A- 88/09367 (Genencor); WO 90/09446 (Plant Genetic ) and WO 94/14963 and WO 94/14964 (Unilever). The lipases and/or cutinases are normally incorporated in the detergent composition at levels from 0.0001 % to 2% of pure enzyme by weight of the detergent composition.
Amylases (α and/or β) can be included for removal of carbohydrate-based stains. WO94/02597, Novo Nordisk A/S published February 03, 1994, describes detergent compositions which incorporate mutant amylases. See also WO95/10603, Novo Nordisk A/S, published April 20, 1995. Other amylases known for use in detergent compositions include both α- and β-amylases. α- Amylases are known in the art and include those disclosed in US Pat. no. 5,003,257; EP 252,666; WO/91/00353; FR 2,676,456; EP 285,123; EP 525,610; EP 368,341 ; and British Patent specification no. 1 ,296,839 (Novo). Other suitable amylases are stability-enhanced amylases described in W094/18314, published August 18, 1994 and WO96/05295, Genencor, published February 22, 1996 and amylase variants having additional modification in the immediate parent available from Novo Nordisk A/S, disclosed in WO 95/10603, published April 95. Also suitable are amylases described in EP 277 216, W095/26397 and W096/23873 (all by Novo Nordisk).
Examples of commercial α-amylases products are Purafect Ox Am® from Genencor and Termamyl®, Ban® ,Fungamyl® and Duramyl®, all available from Novo Nordisk A/S Denmark. W095/26397 describes other suitable amylases : α- amylases characterised by having a specific activity at least 25% higher than the specific activity of Termamyl® at a temperature range of 25°C to 55°C and at a pH value in the range of 8 to 10, measured by the Phadebas® α-amylase activity assay. Suitable are variants of the above enzymes, described in W096/23873 (Novo Nordisk). Other amylolytic enzymes with improved properties with respect to the activity level and the combination of thermostability and a higher activity level are described in W095/35382.
The amylolytic enzymes are incorporated in the detergent compositions of the present invention a level of from 0.0001 % to 2%, preferably from 0.00018% to 0.06%, more preferably from 0.00024% to 0.048% pure enzyme by weight of the composition.
The above-mentioned enzymes may be of any suitable origin, such as vegetable, animal, bacterial, fungal and yeast origin. Origin can further be mesophilic or extremophilic (psychrophilic, psychrotrophic, thermophilic, barophilic, alkalophilic, acidophilic, haiophilic, etc.). Purified or non-purified forms of these enzymes may be used. Nowadays, it is common practice to modify wild- type enzymes via protein / genetic engineering techniques in order to optimise their performance efficiency in the detergent compositions of the invention. For example, the variants may be designed such that the compatibility of the enzyme to commonly encountered ingredients of such compositions is increased. Alternatively, the variant may be designed such that the optimal pH, bleach or chelant stability, catalytic activity and the like, of the enzyme variant is tailored to suit the particular cleaning application.
In particular, attention should be focused on amino acids sensitive to oxidation in the case of bleach stability and on surface charges for the surfactant compatibility. The isoelectric point of such enzymes may be modified by the substitution of some charged amino acids, e.g. an increase in isoelectric point may help to improve compatibility with anionic surfactants. The stability of the enzymes may be further enhanced by the creation of e.g. additional salt bridges and enforcing calcium binding sites to increase chelant stability. Special attention must be paid to the cellulases as most of the cellulases have separate binding domains (CBD). Properties of such enzymes can be altered by modifications in these domains.
Said enzymes are normally incorporated in the detergent composition at levels from 0.0001 % to 2% of pure enzyme by weight of the detergent composition. The enzymes can be added as separate single ingredients (prills, granulates, stabilized liquids, etc... containing one enzyme ) or as mixtures of two or more enzymes ( e.g. cogranulates ).
Other suitable detergent ingredients that can be added are enzyme oxidation scavengers which are described in Copending European Patent application 92870018.6 filed on January 31 , 1992. Examples of such enzyme oxidation scavengers are ethoxylated tetraethylene polyamines.
A range of enzyme materials and means for their incorporation into synthetic detergent compositions is also disclosed in WO 9307263 A and WO 9307260 A to Genencor International, WO 8908694 A to Novo, and U.S. 3,553,139, January 5, 1971 to McCarty et al. Enzymes are further disclosed in U.S. 4,101 ,457, Place et al, July 18, 1978, and in U.S. 4,507,219, Hughes, March 26, 1985. Enzyme materials useful for liquid detergent formulations, and their incorporation into such formulations, are disclosed in U.S. 4,261 ,868, Hora et al, April 14, 1981. Enzymes for use in detergents can be stabilised by various techniques. Enzyme stabilisation techniques are disclosed and exemplified in U.S. 3,600,319, August 17, 1971 , Gedge et al, EP 199,405 and EP 200,586, October 29, 1986, Venegas. Enzyme stabilisation s are also described, for example, in U.S. 3,519,570. A useful Bacillus, sp. AC13 giving proteases, xylanases and cellulases, is described in WO 9401532 A to Novo.
Color care and fabric care benefits
Technologies which provide a type of color care benefit can also be included. Examples of these technologies are metallo catalysts for color maintenance. Such metallo catalysts are described in copending European Patent Application No. 92870181.2. Dye fixing agents, polyolefin dispersion for anti-wrinkles and improved water absorbancy, perfume and amino-functional polymer for color care treatment and perfume substantivity are further examples of color care / fabric care technologies and are described in the co-pending Patent Application No. 96870140.9, filed November 07, 1996.
Fabric softening agents can also be incorporated into detergent compositions in accordance with the present invention. These agents may be inorganic or organic in type. Inorganic softening agents are exemplified by the smectite clays disclosed in GB-A-1 400 898 and in USP 5,019,292. Organic fabric softening agents include the water insoluble tertiary amines as disclosed in GB-A1 514 276 and EP-B0 011 340 and their combination with mono C12-C14 quaternary ammonium salts are disclosed in EP-B-0 026 527 and EP-B-0 026 528 and di-long-chain amides as disclosed in EP-B-0 242 919. Other useful organic ingredients of fabric softening s include high molecular weight polyethylene oxide materials as disclosed in EP-A-0 299 575 and 0 313 146.
Levels of smectite clay are normally in the range from 2% to 20%, more preferably from 5% to 15% by weight, with the material being added as a dry mixed component to the remainder of the formulation. Organic fabric softening agents such as the water-insoluble tertiary amines or dilong chain amide materials are incorporated at levels of from 0.5% to 5% by weight, normally from 1 % to 3% by weight whilst the high molecular weight polyethylene oxide materials and the water soluble cationic materials are added at levels of from 0.1 % to 2%, normally from 0.15% to 1.5% by weight. These materials are normally added to the spray dried portion of the composition, although in some instances it may be more convenient to add them as a dry mixed particulate, or spray them as molten liquid on to other solid components of the composition.
Bleaching agent
Additional optional detergent ingredients that can be included in the detergent compositions of the present invention include bleaching agents.
Preferred peroxygen bleaching agents include those peroxygen bleaching compounds which are capable of yielding hydrogen peroxide in an aqueous solution. These compounds are well known in the art and include hydrogen peroxide and the alkali metal peroxides, organic peroxide bleaching compounds such as urea peroxide, and inorganic persalt bleaching compounds, such as the alkali metal perborates, percarbonates, perphosphates, and the like.
Preferred peroxygen bleaching agents include peroxygen bleach selected from the group consisting of perborates, percarbonates, peroxy hydrates, peroxides, persulfates, and mixtures thereof. Specific preferred examples include: sodium perborate, commercially available in the form of mono- and tetra-hyd rates, sodium carbonate peroxyhydrate, sodium pyrophosphate peroxyhydrate, urea peroxyhydrate, and sodium peroxide. Particular preferred are sodium perborate tetrahydrate, and especially, sodium perborate monohydrate. Sodium perborate monohydrate is especially preferred because it is very stable during storage and yet still dissolves very quickly in the bleaching solution.
These bleaching agent components can include one or more oxygen bleaching agents and, depending upon the bleaching agent chosen, one or more bleach activators. When present oxygen bleaching compounds will typically be present at levels of from about 1 % to about 25%.
The bleaching agent component for use herein can be any of the bleaching agents useful for detergent compositions including oxygen bleaches as well as others known in the art. The bleaching agent suitable for the present invention can be an activated or non-activated bleaching agent.
One category of oxygen bleaching agent that can be used encompasses percarboxylic acid bleaching agents and salts thereof. Suitable examples of this class of agents include magnesium monoperoxyphthalate hexahydrate, the magnesium salt of meta-chloro perbenzoic acid, 4-nonylamino-4- oxoperoxybutyric acid and diperoxydodecanedioic acid. Such bleaching agents are disclosed in U.S. Patent 4,483,781 , U.S. Patent Application 740,446, European Patent Application 0,133,354 and U.S. Patent 4,412,934. Highly preferred bleaching agents also include 6-nonylamino-6-oxoperoxycaproic acid as described in U.S. Patent 4,634,551. Another category of bleaching agents that can be used encompasses the halogen bleaching agents. Examples of hypohalite bleaching agents, for example, include trichloro isocyanuric acid and the sodium and potassium dichloroisocyanurates and N-chloro and N-bromo alkane sulphonamides. Such materials are normally added at 0.5-10% by weight of the finished product, preferably 1-5% by weight. The hydrogen peroxide releasing agents can be used in combination with bleach activators such as tetraacetylethylenediamine (TAED), nonanoyloxybenzene-sulfonate (NOBS, described in US 4,412,934), 3,5,- trimethylhexanoloxybenzenesulfonate (ISONOBS, described in EP 120,591 ) or pentaacetylglucose (PAG)or Phenolsulfonate ester of N-nonanoyl-6- aminocaproic acid (NACA-OBS, described in WO94/28106), which are perhydrolyzed to form a peracid as the active bleaching species, leading to improved bleaching effect. Also suitable activators are acylated citrate esters such as disclosed in Copending European Patent Application No. 91870207.7 and unsymetrical acyclic imide bleach activator of the following formula as disclosed in the Procter & Gamble co-pending patent applications US serial No. 60/022,786 (filed July 30, 1996) and No. 60/028,122 (filed October 15, 1996) :
Figure imgf000031_0001
wherein Ri is a C7-C-13 linear or branched chain saturated or unsaturated alkyl group, R2 is a C-|-C8ι linear or branched chain saturated or unsaturated alkyl group and R3 is a C-1-C4 linear or branched chain saturated or unsaturated alkyl group.
Useful bleaching agents, including peroxyacids and bleaching s comprising bleach activators and peroxygen bleaching compounds for use in detergent compositions according to the invention are described in our co- pending applications USSN 08/136,626, PCT/US95/07823, W095/27772, W095/27773, W095/27774 and W095/27775.
The hydrogen peroxide may also be present by adding an enzymatic (i.e. an enzyme and a substrate therefore) which is capable of generating hydrogen peroxide at the beginning or during the washing and/or rinsing process. Such enzymatic s are disclosed in EP Patent Application 91202655.6 filed October 9, 1991.
Metal-containing catalysts for use in bleach compositions, include cobalt- containing catalysts such as Pentaamine acetate cobalt(lll) salts and manganese-containing catalysts such as those described in EPA 549 271 ; EPA 549 272; EPA 458 397; US 5,246,621 ; EPA 458 398; US 5,194,416 and US 5,1 14,61 1. Bleaching composition comprising a peroxy compound, a manganese-containing bleach catalyst and a chelating agent is described in the patent application No 94870206.3.
Bleaching agents other than oxygen bleaching agents are also known in the art and can be utilized herein. One type of non-oxygen bleaching agent of particular interest includes photoactivated bleaching agents such as the sulfonated zinc and/or aluminum phthalocyanines. These materials can be deposited upon the substrate during the washing process. Upon irradiation with light, in the presence of oxygen, such as by hanging clothes out to dry in the daylight, the sulfonated zinc phthalocyanine is activated and, consequently, the substrate is bleached. Preferred zinc phthalocyanine and a photoactivated bleaching process are described in U.S. Patent 4,033,718. Typically, detergent compositions will contain about 0.025% to about 1.25%, by weight, of sulfonated zinc phthalocyanine.
Chelating Agents
The detergent compositions herein may also optionally contain one or more iron and/or manganese chelating agents. Such chelating agents can be selected from the group consisting of amino carboxylates, amino phosphonates, polyfunctionally-substituted aromatic chelating agents and mixtures therein, all as hereinafter defined. Without intending to be bound by theory, it is believed that the benefit of these materials is due in part to their exceptional ability to remove iron and manganese ions from washing solutions by formation of soluble chelates.
Amino carboxylates useful as optional chelating agents include ethylenediaminetetracetates, N-hydroxyethyiethylenediaminetriacetates, nitrilo- triacetates, ethylenediamine tetraproprionates, triethylenetetraaminehexacetates, diethyienetriaminepentaacetates, and ethanoldiglycines, alkali metal, ammonium, and substituted ammonium salts therein and mixtures therein.
Amino phosphonates are also suitable for use as chelating agents in the compositions of the invention when at lease low levels of total phosphorus are permitted in detergent compositions, and include ethylenediaminetetrakis (methylenephosphonates) as DEQUEST. Preferred, these amino phosphonates to not contain alkyl or alkenyl groups with more than about 6 carbon atoms. Polyfunctionally-substituted aromatic chelating agents are also useful in the compositions herein. See U.S. Patent 3,812,044, issued May 21 , 1974, to Connor et al. Preferred compounds of this type in acid form are dihydroxydisulfobenzenes such as 1 ,2-dihydroxy-3,5-disulfobenzene. A preferred biodegradable chelator for use herein is ethylenediamine disuccinate ("EDDS"), especially the [S,S] isomer as described in U.S. Patent 4,704,233, November 3, 1987, to Hartman and Perkins.
The compositions herein may also contain water-soluble methyl glycine diacetic acid (MGDA) salts (or acid form) as a chelant or co-builder useful with, for example, insoluble builders such as zeolites, layered silicates and the like.
If utilized, these chelating agents will generally comprise from about 0.1 % to about 15% by weight of the detergent compositions herein. More preferably, if utilized, the chelating agents will comprise from about 0.1 % to about 3.0% by weight of such compositions.
Suds suppressor
Another optional ingredient is a suds suppressor, exemplified by silicones, and silica-silicone mixtures. Silicones can be generally represented by alkylated polysiloxane materials while silica is normally used in finely divided forms exemplified by silica aerogels and xerogels and hydrophobic silicas of various types. These materials can be incorporated as particulates in which the suds suppressor is advantageously releasably incorporated in a water-soluble or water-dispersible, substantially non-surface-active detergent impermeable carrier. Alternatively the suds suppressor can be dissolved or dispersed in a liquid carrier and applied by spraying on to one or more of the other components. A preferred siiicone suds controlling agent is disclosed in Bartollota et al. U.S. Patent 3 933 672. Other particularly useful suds suppressors are the self- emulsifying siiicone suds suppressors, described in German Patent Application DTOS 2 646 126 published April 28, 1977. An example of such a compound is DC-544, commercially available from Dow Corning, which is a siloxane-glycol copolymer. Especially preferred suds controlling agent are the suds suppressor comprising a mixture of siiicone oils and 2-alkyl-alcanols. Suitable 2-alkyl- alkanols are 2-butyl-octanol which are commercially available under the trade name Isofol 12 R. Such suds suppressor are described in Copending European Patent application N 92870174.7 filed 10 November, 1992.
Especially preferred siiicone suds controlling agents are described in Copending European Patent application N°92201649.8. Said compositions can comprise a silicone/silica mixture in combination with fumed nonporous silica such as AerosilR.
The suds suppressors described above are normally employed at levels of from 0.001 % to 2% by weight of the composition, preferably from 0.01 % to 1 % by weight.
Others
Other components used in detergent compositions may be employed, such as soil-suspending agents, soil-release agents, optical brighteners, abrasives, bactericides, tarnish inhibitors, coloring agents, and/or encapsulated or non-encapsulated perfumes.
Especially suitable encapsulating materials are water soluble capsules which consist of a matrix of polysaccharide and polyhydroxy compounds such as described in GB 1 ,464,616. Other suitable water soluble encapsulating materials comprise dextrins derived from ungelatinized starch acid-esters of substituted dicarboxylic acids such as described in US 3,455,838. These acid-ester dextrins are, preferably, prepared from such starches as waxy maize, waxy sorghum, sago, tapioca and potato. Suitable examples of said encapsulating materials include N-Lok manufactured by National Starch. The N-Lok encapsulating material consists of a modified maize starch and glucose. The starch is modified by adding monofunctional substituted groups such as octenyl succinic acid anhydride.
Preferred optical brighteners are anionic in character, examples of which are disodium 4,4'-bis-(2-diethanolamino-4-anilino -s- triazin-6-ylamino)stilbene- 2:2' disulphonate, disodium 4, - 4'-bis-(2-morpholino-4-anilino-s-triazin-6-ylamino- stilbene-2:2' - disulphonate, disodium 4,4' - bis-(2,4-dianilino-s-triazin-6- ylamino)stilbene-2:2' - disulphonate, monosodium 4',4" -bis-(2,4-dianilino-s-tri- azin-6 ylamino)stilbene-2-sulphonate, disodium 4,4' -bis-(2-anilino-4-(N-methyl-N- 2-hydroxyethylamino)-s-triazin-6-ylamino)stilbene-2,2' - disulphonate, di-sodium 4,4' -bis-(4-phenyl-2,1 ,3-triazol-2-yl)-stilbene-2,2' disulphonate, di-so-dium 4,4'bis(2-anilino-4-(1 -methyl-2-hydroxyethylamino)-s-triazin-6- ylami-no)stilbene- 2,2'disulphonate, sodium 2(stilbyl-4"-(naphtho-1 ',2':4,5)-1 ,2,3 - triazole-2"- sulphonate and 4,4'-bis(2-sulphostyryl)biphenyl. Highly preferred brighteners are the specific brighteners of copending European Patent application No. 95201943.8.
Other useful polymeric materials are the polyethylene glycols, particularly those of molecular weight 1000-10000, more particularly 2000 to 8000 and most preferably about 4000. These are used at levels of from 0.20% to 5% more preferably from 0.25% to 2.5% by weight. These polymers and the previously mentioned homo- or co-polymeric polycarboxylate salts are valuable for improving whiteness maintenance, fabric ash deposition, and cleaning performance on clay, proteinaceous and oxidizable soils in the presence of transition metal impurities.
Soil release agents useful in compositions of the present invention are conventionally copolymers or terpolymers of terephthalic acid with ethylene glycol and/or propylene glycol units in various arrangements. Examples of such polymers are disclosed in the commonly assigned US Patent Nos. 4116885 and 4711730 and European Published Patent Application No. 0 272 033. A particular preferred polymer in accordance with EP-A-0 272 033 has the formula
(CH3(PEG)43)o.75(POH)o.25[T-PO)2.8(T-PEG)o.4]T(PO- H)θ.25((PEG)43CH3)o.75
where PEG is -(OC2H4)0-,PO is (OC3H6O) and T is (PCOC6H4CO).
Also very useful are modified polyesters as random copolymers of dimethyl terephthalate, dimethyl sulfoisophthalate, ethylene glycol and 1-2 propane diol, the end groups consisting primarily of sulphobenzoate and secondarily of mono esters of ethylene glycol and/or propane-diol. The target is to obtain a polymer capped at both end by sulphobenzoate groups, "primarily", in the present context most of said copolymers herein will be end-capped by sulphobenzoate groups. However, some copolymers will be less than fully capped, and therefore their end groups may consist of monoester of ethylene glycol and/or propane 1-2 diol, thereof consist "secondarily" of such species. The selected polyesters herein contain about 46% by weight of dimethyl terephthalic acid, about 16% by weight of propane -1.2 diol, about 10% by weight ethylene glycol about 13% by weight of dimethyl sulfobenzoic acid and about 15% by weight of sulfoisophthalic acid, and have a molecular weight of about 3.000. The polyesters and their method of preparation are described in detail in EPA 311 342.
The enzyme stabilizer useful herein depends upon characteristics such as the enzyme used, and the active ingredient. However, preferred examples of an enzyme stabilizer useful herein includes calcium ion, borates, borate-diols, propylene glycol, short chain carboxylic acids, boronic acids, and mixtures thereof.
It is well known in the art that free chlorine in tap water rapidly deactivates the enzymes comprised in detergent compositions. Therefore, using chlorine scavenger such as perborate, ammonium sulfate, sodium sulphite or polyethyleneimine at a level above 0.1 % by weight of total composition, in the formulas will provide improved through the wash stability of the detergent enzymes. Compositions comprising chlorine scavenger are described in the European patent application 92870018.6 filed January 31 , 1992.
Alkoxylated polycarboxylates such as those prepared from polyacrylates are useful herein to provide additional grease removal performance. Such materials are described in WO 91/08281 and PCT 90/01815 at p. 4 et seq., incorporated herein by reference. Chemically, these materials comprise polyacrylates having one ethoxy side-chain per every 7-8 acrylate units. The side-chains are of the formula -(CH2CH2θ)m(CH2)nCH3 wherein m is 2-3 and n is 6-12. The side-chains are ester-linked to the polyacrylate "backbone" to provide a "comb" polymer type structure. The molecular weight can vary, but is typically in the range of about 2000 to about 50,000. Such alkoxylated polycarboxylates can comprise from about 0.05% to about 10%, by weight, of the compositions herein. The following examples are meant to exemplify compositions of the present invention, but are not necessarily meant to limit or otherwise define the scope of the invention.
In the detergent compositions, the enzymes levels are expressed by pure enzyme by weight of the total composition and unless otherwise specified, the detergent ingredients are expressed by weight of the total compositions. EXAMPLES The following examples further describe and demonstrate the preferred embodiments within the scope of the present invention. The examples are given solely for the purpose of illustration, and are not to be constructed as limitations of the present invention since many variations thereof are possible without departing from its spirit and scope.
Examples 1 Liquid Hard Surface Cleaning Compositions
Example No.
Component A B C D E F
Present Invention
Protease 0.001 0.005 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.01 0.02
EDA* 2.90 2.90 -
Citrate — - 2.90 2.90
C-| 3 linear alky - 1.95 - 1.95 - 1.95 benzene sulfonate (LAS)
Alkyl sulfate (AS) 2.00 - 2.20 - 2.20 — 2.20
Alkylpolyoxyethlene 2.00 - 2.20 — 2.20 — 2.20 sulfate (AES)
Amine Oxide 0.40 - 0.50 — 0.50 — 0.50
Hydrotrope - 1.30 - 1.30 — 1.30 -
Solvent** - 6.30 6.30 6.30 6.30 6.30 6.30
Ca++ (as CaCl2) - - 0.40 0.40 0.40 - -
Water and Minors balance to 100%
*Na4 ethylenediamine diacetic acid **Diethyleneglycol monohexyl ether 2. Dishwashing Compositions
Examples 2
Dishwashing Composition
Example No I.
Component A B C D E F
Present Invention Protease 0.001 0.005 0.01 0.05 0.01 0.003
TFAA* 0.90 0.90 0.90 0.90 0.90 0.90
AES 12.00 12.00 12.00 12.00 12.00 12.00
2-methyl undecanoic acid 4.50 4.50 — 4.50 4.50 —
C-| 2 alcohol ethoxylate (4) 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00
Amine oxide 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00
Hydrotrope 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00
Ethanol 4.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 4.00
Mg++ (as MgCI2) 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20
Ca++ (as CaCl2) 0.40 0.40 0.40 0.40 0.40 0.40
Water and Minors balance to 100%
*C-| 6- i 8 alkyl N-methyl glucamide
3. Fabric cleaning compositions Granular Fabric Cleaning Composition
The granular fabric cleaning compositions of the present invention contain an effective amount of one or more protease enzymes, preferably from about 0.001 % to about 10%, more preferably, from about 0.005% to about 5%, more preferably from 0.01 % to about 1 % by weight of active protease enzyme of the composition. (See U.S. Patent No. 5,679,630 Examples). Example 3
Granular Fabric Cleaning ComDOsition
Example No.
Component A B C D
Present Invention Protease 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.02
C-|3 linear alkyl benzene sulfonate 22.00 22.00 22.00 22.00
Phosphate (as sodium 23.00 23.00 23.00 23.00 tripolyphosphates)
Sodium carbonate 23.00 23.00 23.00 23.00
Sodium silicate 14.00 14.00 14.00 14.00
Zeolite 8.20 8.20 8.20 8.20
DTPA* 0.40 - 0.40 -
Ca++ (as CaCI2) 0.40 0.40 0.40 0.40
Sodium sulfate 5.50 5.50 5.50 5.50
Water balance to 100%
*Diethylene triamine pentaacetic acid
Example 4 Granular Fabric Cleaning Composition
Example No. Component A B C D_
Present Invention Protease 0.01 0.02 0.007 0.005
C-|2 alkyl benzene sulfonate 12.00 12.00 12.00 12.00
Zeolite A (1 -10 micrometer)* 26.00 26.00 26.00 26.00
C-j2" -|4 secondary (2,3) alkyl sulfate, 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 sodium salt
Sodium citrate 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00
Optical brightener 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10
Sodium sulfate 17.00 17.00 17.00 17.00
Ca++ (as CaCI2) 0.40 0.40 0.40 0.40
Fillers, water, minors balance ; to 100% *A Hydrated sodium aluminosilicate of formula Na-|2(A1 θ2Siθ2)i 2- 7H2θ having a primary particle size in the range from 0.1 to 10 micrometers (weight expressed on an anhydrous basis)
Example 5 Liquid Fabric Cleaning Compositions
Example No.
Component A B
Dl H20 38.63 -
MEA (monoethanolamine) 0.48 9.00
NaOH 4.40 1.00
Pdiol 4.00 10.0
Citric acid 2.50 2.00
Sodium sulfate 1.75 -
DTPA 0.50 1.00
FWA Premix (Br 15/MEA/NI 23- -9) 0.15 0.15
Na C25AE1.80S 23.50 -
AE3S (H) - 4.00
C11.8HLAS* 3.00 14.00
Neodol 2.00 6.00
EtOH 0.50 2.00
Ca++ (as CaCl2) 0.10 0.10
Borax premix (Borax/MEA Pdiol/CitricAcid) 2.50 -
Boric acid - 1.00
C10 amido propyl dimethyl amine 1.50 -
TEPA 105** 1.20 -
Dye 0.0040 0.0015
Cellulase 0.053 0.20
Amylase 0.15 0.20
Present invention Protease 0.05 0.05
Waters and minors balance to 100% *HLAS : Acid form of linear alkyl benzene sulfonate (a synthetic anionic surfactant) **TEPA :tetraethylene pentamine
Example 6 Bar Fabric Cleaning Compositions
Example No.
Component A B C D
Present invention Protease 0.01 0.03 0.01 0.02
C12- 16 alkyl sulfate, Na 20.0 20.0 20.0 20.00
C-12- 4 N-methyl glucamide 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.00 11-C13 alkyl benzene sulfonate, Na 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.00
Sodium pyrophosphate 7.0 7.0 7.0 7.00
Sodium tripolyphosphate 7.0 7.0 7.0 7.00
Zeolite A (0.1-.10μ) 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.00
Carboxymethylcellulose 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.20
Polyacrylate (MW 1400) 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.20
Coconut monethanolamide 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.00
Brightener, perfume 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.20
CaS04 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.00
MgSθ4 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.00
Water 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.00
Filler* balance to 100%
*Can be selected from convenient materials such as CaCθ3, talc, clay, silicates, and the like.
The compositions of the present invention can be suitably prepared by any process chosen by the formulator, non-limiting examples of which are described in U.S. 5,691 ,297 Nassano et al., issued November 11 , 1997; U.S. 5,574,005 Welch et al., issued November 12, 1996; U.S. 5,569,645 Dinniwell et al., issued October 29, 1996; U.S. 5,565,422 Del Greco et al., issued October 15, 1996; U.S. 5,516,448 Capeci et al., issued May 14, 1996; U.S. 5,489,392 Capeci et al., issued February 6, 1996; U.S. 5,486,303 Capeci et al., issued January 23, 1996 all of which are incorporated herein by reference.
In addition to the above examples, the cleaning compositions of the present invention can be formulated into any suitable laundry detergent composition, non-limiting examples of which are described in U.S. 5,679,630 Baeck et al., issued October 21 , 1997; U.S. 5,565,145 Watson et al., issued October 15, 1996; U.S. 5,478,489 Fredj et al., issued December 26, 1995; U.S. 5,470,507 Fredj et al., issued November 28, 1995; U.S. 5,466,802 Panandiker et al., issued November 14, 1995; U.S. 5,460,752 Fredj et al., issued October 24, 1995; U.S. 5,458,810 Fredj et al., issued October 17, 1995; U.S. 5,458,809 Fredj et al., issued October 17, 1995; U.S. 5,288,431 Huber et al., issued February 22, 1994 all of which are incorporated herein by reference.
It is understood that the examples and embodiments described herein are for illustrative purposes only and that various modifications or changes in light thereof will be suggested to one skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the present invention.

Claims

WHAT IS CLAIMED IS:
1. A detergent composition comprising a protease that is screened by a process comprising the steps of: a. measuring the Primary Cleavage Rate; b. measuring the Second Cleavage Rate; c. calculating the ratio of the Primary Cleavage Ratio to the Second Cleavage Rate; d. selecting proteases having a Primary Cleavage Rate higher than 1000 μg/min/μg and a ratio of the Primary Cleavage Rate to the Secondary Cleavage Rate lower than 150:1.
2. The detergent composition according to Claim 1 , wherein the protease has a Primary Cleavage Rate higher than 1200 μg/min/μg and the ratio of the Primary Cleavage Rate to the Secondary Cleavage Rate is from about 50:1 to about 130:1.
3. The detergent composition according to Claim 1 , wherein the protease is derived from Bacillus Subtilis.
4. A detergent composition comprising: a. from about 0.01 % to about 60% by weight of a detersive surfactant; b. from about 5% to about 80% by weight of a detergent builder; and c. from about 0.0001 % to about 5% by weight of a protease that is screened by a process comprising the step of: a. measuring the Primary Cleavage Rate; b. measuring the Second Cleavage Rate; c. calculating the ratio of the Primary Cleavage Ratio to the Second Cleavage Rate; d. selecting proteases having a Primary Cleavage Rate higher than 1000 μg/min/μg and a ratio of the Primary Cleavage Rate to the Secondary Cleavage Rate lower than 150:1.
5. The detergent composition according to Claim 4, wherein the surfactant is selected from the group consisting of anionic, cationic, amphoteric, nonionic surfactants and mixtures thereof and the detergent builder is selected from the group consisting of phosphates, pyrophosphates, orthophosphates, tripolyphosphates, higher phosphates, alkali metal carbonates and bicarbonates, alkali silicates, aluminosilicates, polycarboxylates, layered silicates, citrates and mixtures thereof.
6. The detergent composition according to Claim 4, further comprising a bleach.
7. The detergent composition according to Claim 6, wherein the bleach is selected from the group consisting of peroxygen, perborates, percarbonates, perphosphates and mixtures thereof.
8. The detergent composition according to Claim 4, further comprising an additional enzyme which is selected from the group consisting of cellulases, amylase, lipase, phohpholipases, other proteases, peroxidases and mixtures thereof.
9. A process for screening a protease comprising: a. measuring the Primary Cleavage Rate; b. measuring the Second Cleavage Rate; c. calculating the ratio of the Primary Cleavage Ratio to the Second Cleavage
Rate; d. selecting proteases having a Primary Cleavage Rate higher than 1000 μg/min/μg and a ratio of the Primary Cleavage Rate to the Secondary Cleavage Rate lower than 150:1.
10. The process for screening a protease according to Claim 9, comprising selecting proteases having a Primary Cleavage Rate higher than 1200 μg/min/μg and a ratio of the Primary Cleavage Rate to the Secondary Cleavage Rate is from about 50:1 to about 130:1.
PCT/US1999/020498 1999-09-09 1999-09-09 A detergent composition containing a protease WO2001018165A1 (en)

Priority Applications (9)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
MXPA02002682A MXPA02002682A (en) 1999-09-09 1999-09-09 A detergent composition containing a protease.
EP99946786A EP1212397A1 (en) 1999-09-09 1999-09-09 A detergent composition containing a protease
JP2001522377A JP2003509537A (en) 1999-09-09 1999-09-09 Detergent composition containing protease
CA002382870A CA2382870A1 (en) 1999-09-09 1999-09-09 A detergent composition containing a protease
CN99816985.4A CN1375000A (en) 1999-09-09 1999-09-09 A detergent composition containing a protease
BR9917481-2A BR9917481A (en) 1999-09-09 1999-09-09 Detergent composition containing a protease
PCT/US1999/020498 WO2001018165A1 (en) 1999-09-09 1999-09-09 A detergent composition containing a protease
AU59115/99A AU5911599A (en) 1999-09-09 1999-09-09 A detergent composition containing a protease
US10/094,465 US20020142934A1 (en) 1999-09-09 2002-03-08 Detergent composition containing a protease

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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2006013921A1 (en) 2004-08-05 2006-02-09 Asahi Kasei Pharma Corporation Reagent containing protease reaction promoter and/or colorant stabilizer
US7638474B1 (en) 2008-08-05 2009-12-29 The Clorox Company Natural laundry detergent compositions
US8268017B2 (en) 2007-02-22 2012-09-18 Asahi Kasei Pharma Corporation Method for stabilizing leuco-type colorant

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GB1315937A (en) * 1969-06-27 1973-05-09 Albright & Wilson Cleaning compositions
US3790482A (en) * 1968-04-12 1974-02-05 Procter & Gamble Enzyme-containing detergent compositions
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WO1991005840A1 (en) * 1989-10-13 1991-05-02 Novo Nordisk A/S Liquid enzymatic detergent composition
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WO1993008253A1 (en) * 1991-10-16 1993-04-29 Unilever N.V. Aqueous enzymatic detergent compositions
GB2271120A (en) * 1992-09-30 1994-04-06 Unilever Plc Shaped detergent composition comprising mutant subtilisin
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WO1995010615A1 (en) * 1993-10-14 1995-04-20 Genencor International, Inc. Subtilisin variants
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WO1995030010A1 (en) * 1994-05-02 1995-11-09 The Procter & Gamble Company Subtilisin bpn' variants having decreased adsorption and increased hydrolysis
WO1996016154A1 (en) * 1994-11-18 1996-05-30 The Procter & Gamble Company Detergent compositions containing lipase and protease
WO1996021009A1 (en) * 1994-12-29 1996-07-11 Catalytic Antibodies, Inc. Method for generating proteolytic enzymes specific against a selected peptide sequence
WO1999020769A2 (en) * 1997-10-23 1999-04-29 Genencor International, Inc. Multiply-substituted protease variants

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3790482A (en) * 1968-04-12 1974-02-05 Procter & Gamble Enzyme-containing detergent compositions
US3573170A (en) * 1968-09-19 1971-03-30 Monsanto Co Enzyme products
GB1315937A (en) * 1969-06-27 1973-05-09 Albright & Wilson Cleaning compositions
US3676374A (en) * 1969-11-25 1972-07-11 Procter & Gamble Enzyme-containing liquid detergent compositions
EP0130756A1 (en) * 1983-06-24 1985-01-09 Genencor International, Inc. Procaryotic carbonyl hydrolases, methods, DNA, vectors and transformed hosts for producing them, and detergent compositions containing them
WO1991005840A1 (en) * 1989-10-13 1991-05-02 Novo Nordisk A/S Liquid enzymatic detergent composition
CA2049097A1 (en) * 1990-08-15 1992-02-16 Thomas Weber Anionic-rich, high ph liquid detergent compositions containing subtilisin mutants
WO1992003529A1 (en) * 1990-08-24 1992-03-05 Novo Nordisk A/S Enzymatic detergent composition and method for enzyme stabilization
WO1993008253A1 (en) * 1991-10-16 1993-04-29 Unilever N.V. Aqueous enzymatic detergent compositions
GB2271120A (en) * 1992-09-30 1994-04-06 Unilever Plc Shaped detergent composition comprising mutant subtilisin
WO1995007971A1 (en) * 1993-09-14 1995-03-23 The Procter & Gamble Company Light duty liquid or gel dishwashing detergent compositions containing protease
WO1995007991A2 (en) * 1993-09-15 1995-03-23 The Procter & Gamble Company Subtilisin bpn' variants with decreased adsorption and increased hydrolysis
WO1995010615A1 (en) * 1993-10-14 1995-04-20 Genencor International, Inc. Subtilisin variants
WO1995029979A1 (en) * 1994-05-02 1995-11-09 The Procter & Gamble Company Fabric cleaning compositions containing subtilisin bpn' variants
WO1995030010A1 (en) * 1994-05-02 1995-11-09 The Procter & Gamble Company Subtilisin bpn' variants having decreased adsorption and increased hydrolysis
WO1996016154A1 (en) * 1994-11-18 1996-05-30 The Procter & Gamble Company Detergent compositions containing lipase and protease
WO1996021009A1 (en) * 1994-12-29 1996-07-11 Catalytic Antibodies, Inc. Method for generating proteolytic enzymes specific against a selected peptide sequence
WO1999020769A2 (en) * 1997-10-23 1999-04-29 Genencor International, Inc. Multiply-substituted protease variants

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2006013921A1 (en) 2004-08-05 2006-02-09 Asahi Kasei Pharma Corporation Reagent containing protease reaction promoter and/or colorant stabilizer
EP1788081A4 (en) * 2004-08-05 2008-09-10 Asahi Kasei Pharma Corp Reagent containing protease reaction promoter and/or colorant stabilizer
US8080423B2 (en) 2004-08-05 2011-12-20 Asahi Kasei Pharma Corporation Reagent containing protease reaction promoter and/or colorant stabilizer
US8268017B2 (en) 2007-02-22 2012-09-18 Asahi Kasei Pharma Corporation Method for stabilizing leuco-type colorant
US7638474B1 (en) 2008-08-05 2009-12-29 The Clorox Company Natural laundry detergent compositions

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BR9917481A (en) 2002-05-21
AU5911599A (en) 2001-04-10
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CN1375000A (en) 2002-10-16
JP2003509537A (en) 2003-03-11
MXPA02002682A (en) 2002-07-30

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