WO2001008250A1 - Resonateur et filtre accordables constitues par un materiau supraconducteur a temperature elevee - Google Patents
Resonateur et filtre accordables constitues par un materiau supraconducteur a temperature elevee Download PDFInfo
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- WO2001008250A1 WO2001008250A1 PCT/US2000/040457 US0040457W WO0108250A1 WO 2001008250 A1 WO2001008250 A1 WO 2001008250A1 US 0040457 W US0040457 W US 0040457W WO 0108250 A1 WO0108250 A1 WO 0108250A1
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- Prior art keywords
- resonator
- tunable
- superconductor
- moveable
- superconducting
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000002887 superconductor Substances 0.000 title claims description 88
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 73
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 claims description 49
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 claims description 33
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 claims description 33
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 33
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 229910021521 yttrium barium copper oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 20
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- BTGZYWWSOPEHMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O].[Cu].[Y].[Ba] Chemical compound [O].[Cu].[Y].[Ba] BTGZYWWSOPEHMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920002120 photoresistant polymer Polymers 0.000 description 9
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 description 5
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000002595 magnetic resonance imaging Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- MVPPADPHJFYWMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorobenzene Chemical compound ClC1=CC=CC=C1 MVPPADPHJFYWMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005530 etching Methods 0.000 description 2
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- -1 lanthanum aluminate Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium oxide Inorganic materials [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Mg+2] AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 2
- VEALVRVVWBQVSL-UHFFFAOYSA-N strontium titanate Chemical compound [Sr+2].[O-][Ti]([O-])=O VEALVRVVWBQVSL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dioxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000010267 cellular communication Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000000608 laser ablation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001459 lithography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004377 microelectronic Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009290 primary effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011241 protective layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004544 sputter deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
- H01P1/00—Auxiliary devices
- H01P1/20—Frequency-selective devices, e.g. filters
- H01P1/201—Filters for transverse electromagnetic waves
- H01P1/203—Strip line filters
- H01P1/20327—Electromagnetic interstage coupling
- H01P1/20354—Non-comb or non-interdigital filters
- H01P1/20381—Special shape resonators
Definitions
- This invention relates to tunable resonator and filter devices and, more particularly, to such devices formed with a superconducting material.
- HTS high-temperature superconducting
- Tunable high frequency stripline superconductor resonators have been described by D.E. Oates et al in "Tunable YBCO Resonators on YIG Substrates” IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity, Vol/ 7, NO. 2, at 2338 (June 1997)
- high frequency RF resonators have been discussed by Q.Y. Ma in "FR Applications of High Temperature Superconductors in MHz Range” IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity (June 1999) which is incorporated herein by reference.
- Filters can also be designed to operate at a single frequency of interest or at multiple frequencies.
- a channelizer filter receives plural frequency signals on a single input port and selectively provides an output signal to one or more output ports.
- G. Matthaei et al. "Microwave Filters, Impedance-Matching Network, and Coupling Structures"
- an electromagnetic resonator includes a substrate and two superconducting resonators disposed on a first face of the substrate.
- a switch circuit coupled to at least one of the first and second resonator elements is provided having at least two states. One of the states drives one of the first and second superconductor resonator elements to a non-superconductive state.
- the resonator include forming the second superconductor resonator element on a second substrate.
- the first and second superconductor resonator elements can be comprised of a coiled interdigitated capacitor.
- the first and second superconductor resonator elements as well as the switch circuit can be formed of a superconductor material such as yttrium-barium-copper oxide.
- a method of active frequency switching for a superconducting resonator comprised of providing two superconductor resonator elements operating in a superconducting state and electromagnetically coupled with each other thereby forming the superconducting resonator with a first resonant frequency.
- An electrical control signal is applied to one of the resonator elements thereby driving one of the superconductor resonator elements into a non-superconducting state and thereby tuning the superconducting resonator to a second resonant frequency.
- a tunable superconducting resonator is also described comprising a substrate, a superconductor resonator element and an actuator.
- the superconductor resonator element has a non-moveable portion and a moveable portion.
- the non-moveable portion of the superconductor resonator element is provided with an inductor and a portion of a variable capacitor formed on the substrate.
- the actuator has a moveable end relative to the substrate, which is moveable in response to an applied control signal.
- the moveable portion of the superconductor resonator element is formed on the moveable end of the actuator and is in capacitive communication with the portion of the variable capacitor formed on the substrate.
- the actuators can be piezoelectric actuators such as a multilayer bender actuators or tube actuators.
- variable capacitor An alternative embodiment of the variable capacitor is described wherein the portion formed on the first face has a trunk with a plurality of tines, and the moveable portion of the superconductor resonator has a second trunk also with tines. The tines of the two structures are positioned in moveable juxtaposition to each other, thus forming a variable capacitor.
- a tunable superconducting filter is described as having a substrate and a plurality of superconductor resonator elements formed on the substrate. Each of the plurality of superconductor resonator elements have a non-moveable portion and a moveable portion.
- the non-moveable portion is described as comprising an inductor formed on the first face and a portion of a variable capacitor also formed on the first face.
- a plurality of actuators are provided, each having a moveable end relative to the substrate in response to an applied control signal. Each moveable portion is mounted on the moveable end of a corresponding actuator and is in capacitive communication with a portion of a corresponding variable capacitor formed on the first face.
- input and output coupling structures are provided as being operatively coupled to superconductor resonator elements.
- the inductors of the superconductor resonator elements can be provided in an elongate geometry and be arranged in a side-by-side relationship.
- the superconductor resonator elements, as well as the input and output coupling structures can be comprised of superconductive materials such as yttrium-barium-copper oxide.
- the tunable superconducting filter can be provided where each superconductor resonator element is resonant at substantially the same frequency or the superconductor resonator elements can be resonant at different frequencies.
- a tunable superconducting device provided on a substrate and having a tunable superconductor resonator element and a coupling structure.
- the tunable superconductor resonator has an inductor and a portion of a variable capacitor formed on the substrate.
- the tunable superconducting device also has an actuator with a moveable portion of the tunable superconductor resonator element formed on the moveable end of the actuator in response to an applied control signal.
- the moveable portion is in capacitive communication with the portion of the variable capacitor formed on the first face.
- the coupling structure has a non-moveable portion and a moveable portion.
- the non-moveable portion is disposed on the substrate and is operatively coupled to the tunable superconductor resonator element.
- a second actuator with a moveable end in capacitive communication with the coupling structure, is provided for impedance matching of the tunable superconductor resonator element with a device employing the tunable superconducting device.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic top view, enlarged, of a tunable resonator according to the invention.
- Fig. 2 is a schematic top view, enlarged, of an alternative configuration of the tunable resonator in Figure 1.
- Fig. 3 is a graph of resonator responses for the Filter according to Fig. 1 with and without an applied voltage.
- Fig. 4 is a schematic top view, enlarged, of a tunable resonator.
- Fig. 5a is a perspective view, enlarged, of the tunable resonator of Fig. 4 having a bender actuator.
- Fig. 5b is a perspective view, enlarged, of the tunable resonator of Fig.
- Fig. 6 is a schematic top view, enlarged, of an alternative configuration of a variable capacitor for the tunable resonator in Figure 4.
- Fig. 7 is a schematic top view, enlarged, of a tunable resonator filter.
- Fig. 8 is a schematic top view, enlarged, of a tunable resonator filter for receiving a signal and for matching impedance.
- Fig. 1 is a plan view of a first embodiment of a tunable superconducting resonator 100.
- the resonator is formed on a substrate 101 and includes a first superconductor resonator 102 formed on a first face of the substrate 101, as well as second superconductor resonator 103 also formed on the first face of the substrate 101.
- the resonator 102, 103 are place proximate to one another such that they are electromagnetically coupled and cooperate as a common resonant structure.
- the first and second superconductor resonators can be formed on separate substrates so long as the resonators are electromagnetically coupled.
- a high temperature superconductor material such as yttrium-barium-copper oxide is a preferable material used for resonator fabrication and can be cooled by use of liquid nitrogen or by being placed in a cryostatic chamber.
- a switch circuit 104 coupled to at least one of the first and second resonators can allow an electrical control signal to be applied to at least one of the resonators.
- the switch circuit 104 can be formed using a conventional conductor material, such as gold wires.
- forming the switch circuit 104 from a superconductor material, such as the material used to form the first and second superconducting resonators 102, 103 offers advantages in maintaining high circuit Q and low insertion loss.
- resonator structure according to Fig. 1 can be fabricated having a 37mm diameter outer loop, separated from an inner loop by interdigitated fingers of 3mm length and 50 ⁇ m width, each interdigitated finger separated from another by 50 m. The width of each interdigitated finger and spacing between each interdigitated finger can be reduced to 20 ⁇ m.
- Two resonators, formed on separate substrates can be placed in proximity to one another, at 5mm at their closest points, to provide a resonator having a resonant frequency of 95.7 MHz in one state and 101MHz in another.
- Fig. 2 illustrates an alternative design of the tunable superconductor resonator of Fig. 1 in which the first and second superconductor resonators 202, 203, and switch circuit 104 are fabricated on a typical substrate 201, thereby making packaging easier and making more efficient use of substrate material.
- the dimensions of the resonators are illustrative of the size of the resonator relative to the exemplary substrate, specifically a 2 inch LAO wafer disc, however, the dimensions of the resonator structures throughout depend upon the requisite capacitance or inductance to be generated for the resonant frequency desired.
- a resonator structure according to Fig. 2 has been fabricated on a single 2 inch wafer, each resonator structure being about 10mm in width, 25mm in length and having interdigitated fingers of 3mm length and 50 ⁇ m width, each interdigitated finger separated from another by about 50 ⁇ m. Again, the width of each interdigitated finger and spacing between each interdigitated finger can be reduced to 20 ⁇ m.
- Two resonators can be formed on a single substrate 101 and placed in proximity to one another, at about 2.5mm at their closest points, whereby a resonator results having a resonant frequency of about 50MHz in one state and 60MHz in another.
- the switch circuit 104 provides an electrical control signal to at least one of the superconductor resonators 103.
- the control signal has at least first and second states, for example, a voltage of 0 Vdc and 0.2 Vdc respectively.
- a second control voltage can be up to 2.0 Vdc.
- the resonant frequency of the tunable superconducting resonator 100 can be changed to a second resonant frequency/, wherein/ is the resonant frequency of the superconductor resonator 102 remaining in a superconductive state.
- Fig. 3 shows the resonant response of the tunable resonator of Fig. 1 wherein a frequency shift from 95.7 MHz to 101 MHz can be obtained by applying no voltage and 0.2V to the resonator 103 respectively.
- the present tunable superconducting resonator 400 includes a superconductor inductor 402 formed on a substrate 401 and a variable capacitor 403 that consists of two separated parts, a non- moveable portion 403a formed on a first face of the substrate 101 and a moveable portion 403b.
- a tunable resonator according to Fig. 4 can be provided where each side of the superconductor inductor 402 is 25mm in length and 2mm in thickness, i.e., from an outer edge to an inner edge.
- the non-moveable portion 403a of the variable capacitor 403 can be formed of two portions of 5mm square separated by 0.5mm.
- the moveable portion 403b of the variable capacitor 403 can be 5mm in width and 10mm in length and separated from the non-moveable portion 403a of the variable capacitor 403 by a spacing from 1mm to 3mm.
- Figs. 5a and 5b illustrate a perspective views of two alternative arrangements of a continuously tunable resonator according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
- the moveable portion 403b is mounted on an actuator for controllably moving the moveable portion of the variable capacitor 403b with respect to the non-moveable portion 403 a.
- the distance between the moveable portion of the variable capacitor 403b and the non- moveable portion 403a is from 1mm to 3mm.
- the actuator 502 is provided with a moveable end 503 relative to the substrate 101 in response to an applied control signal
- the moveable portion of the variable capacitor 403b is mounted, or otherwise formed, on the moveable end of the actuator 501 and is in capacitively coupled to the non-moveable portion of the variable capacitor 403a formed on the first face of the substrate 101. Accordingly, through the application of the control signal 504, the value of the variable capacitor 403 can be changed over a continuous range by changing the relative position of the moveable part 403b to the non-moveable part 403a.
- the voltage of the control signal can vary from 30V to -30V depending upon the type of actuator used. Since the frequency of the resonator changes with the value of the capacitor 403, the frequency of the resonator can thereby be changed along a continuous range.
- a piezoelectric bender 502a is employed for the actuator.
- the control voltage 504 controls the motion of the piezoelectric bender which can be positioned in a direction along the plane of the substrate 101.
- a piezoelectric tube actuator 502b is employed for the actuator 501 whereby the control voltage 504 moves the piezoelectric tube actuator vertically relative to the plane of the substrate 101.
- Piezoelectric multilayer bender actuators and piezoelectric tube actuators are commercially available from Polytec PI.
- Alternative arrangements of the actuator 502 relative to the substrate 101 can also be provided.
- the tunable superconducting resonator 400 can be provided with a superconductor inductor 601 and a variable capacitor 602 that consists of two separated parts, a non-moveable portion 602a and a moveable portion 602b.
- the non- moveable portion of the variable capacitor 602a is formed on a substrate having at least one trunk connector 604 each having a plurality of tines 603.
- the moveable portion of the variable capacitor 602b can include a trunk connector 604 having a plurality of tines 603 arranged such that the tines 603 are in moveable juxtaposition with the tines 603 of the non-moveable portion of the variable capacitor 602a thus forming an interdigitated capacitor structure.
- This alternative arrangement can provide greater range of capacitance change relative to the positioning of the moveable and non-moveable portions of the variable capacitor and hence a greater range of resonance frequency of the circuit being tuned.
- a tunable superconducting filter according to the invention is shown in Fig. 7 wherein a plurality of tunable resonators, such as those shown in Figs. 4 and 5 and described above, can be used to form a tunable filter. Accordingly, a three pole filter having three tunable resonators is described as follows. In this case, three superconductor resonators 500, each having a non-moveable portion 402 and 403 a and a moveable portion (not shown in Fig. 7) are provided. As described above with regard to Figs.
- each superconductor resonator comprises an inductor 402 formed on the first face of the substrate 101 and a non- moveable portion of a variable capacitor 403a also formed on the first face of the substrate 101.
- three actuators are provided consistent with those described in relation to Figs 5a and 5b.
- Each actuator has a moveable end 503 which is controllably moveable relative to the substrate 101 in response to an applied control voltage 504.
- Each resonator also has a moveable portion (not shown in Fig. 7) of a variable capacitor 403b mounted on the moveable end 503 of the actuator 502. The actuator is positioned with respect to the substrate 101 such that the moveable portion 403b (not shown in Fig. 7) is in capacitive communication with the non-moveable portion 403a of the variable capacitor formed on the face of the substrate.
- Input and output coupling structures 703, 704 can be provided on either face of the substrate for sensing the resonance of the circuits.
- the input coupling structure 703 is operatively coupled to at least one of the superconductor resonators and at least one output coupling structure 704 is also operatively coupled to one of the superconductor resonators.
- the input and output coupling structures 703, 704 can be formed as metallic inductor elements or formed from a superconducting material. However, forming the input and output coupling structures from a superconductor material, such as the material used to form the superconducting resonators 500, offers advantages in maintaining high circuit Q and low insertion loss.
- Fig. 7 illustrates a 3-pole filter configuration
- n is the number of resonator structures employed.
- the choice of dimensions of the coupling structures depends on the dimensions of a corresponding superconducting resonator 500.
- each superconducting resonator 500 is about 25mm in length, 12mm in width and 2mm in thickness from an outer edge to an inner edge.
- Each non-moveable portion of a variable capacitor 403a can be 3mm square and separated from one another by about 0.5 mm apart.
- the moveable portion of each variable capacitor 403b can be rectangular with dimensions of about 5mm by 10mm and separated from a corresponding moveable portion of a variable capacitor 403a by 1mm to 3mm.
- each superconducting resonator 500 can be separated from one another at their proximate sides by about 2mm.
- the input and output coupling structures 703, 704 can be disposed 1mm to 2mm from the inductor 402 and non-moveable portion of the variable capacitor 403a.
- the tunable superconducting filter can be provided wherein each of the superconductor resonators are resonant at substantially the same frequency or are resonant at a plurality of frequencies, wherein each of the plurality of frequencies corresponds to one of the output coupling structures.
- three piezoelectric actuators can be used to tune the bandwidth and center frequency of the filter.
- a tunable superconducting device can take the form illustrated in Fig. 8 wherein a tunable resonator and a tunable filter can be used as a resonator or a filter in a device where high quality RF or microwave resonator or filter is needed, such as communications and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
- MRI magnetic resonance imaging
- a tunable superconducting device having a tunable superconductor resonator for receiving a signal, the tunable superconductor resonator having a non-moveable portion and a moveable portion.
- the non-moveable portion of the tunable superconductor resonator comprises an inductor 801 formed on a first face of a substrate 101 and a portion of a variable capacitor 802 also formed on the first face of the substrate 101.
- the tunable superconductor resonator is made tunable by providing an actuator (not shown in Fig. 8) having a moveable end relative to the substrate in response to an applied control signal such as is illustrated in Figs 5a and
- the moveable portion 803 of the tunable superconductor resonator is mounted on the moveable end of the actuator (not shown in Fig. 8) and is thereby capacitively coupled with the non-moveable portion 802 of the variable capacitor formed on the face of the substrate.
- a coupling structure 804, 805 is provided for matching the impedance of the resonator to a device which can employ the tunable superconducting device.
- the coupling structure comprises a non-moveable portion including an inductor 804 and a moveable portion 806 of a variable capacitor 805 which are disposed on the face of the substrate so as to be operatively coupled to the tunable superconductor resonator.
- a second actuator (not shown in Fig.
- the coupling structure provides a tunable variable capacitor for matching impedance with a device using the tunable superconducting device.
- the coupling structure is provided as a superconductor resonator for higher Q and lower insertion loss.
- the first actuator (not shown in Fig.
- the superconducting tunable filter can be used to filter the signal from a conventional receiver or pre-amplifier to get higher signal-to-noise ratio and lower insertion loss.
- the tunability of the superconducting tunable filter can be used in a base station of a cellular communication network which needs high sensitivity and swift channel switching and in a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) probe needs high sensitivity and may need swift frequency switching for sensing resonance signals of nuclei with different spins.
- MRI magnetic resonance imaging
- the superconducting tunable resonator can be used as an MRI probe thereby allowing one to tune the resonant frequency of the receiver from one magnetic resonance frequency of a particular nuclear spin to that of another without changing probes.
- the variable capacitor in the superconducting tunable resonator can be adapted to match the capacitance of the resonator in the MRI detection circuit to realize electric-controlled matching.
- the substrate is a two-inch lanthanum aluminate (LAO) wafer substrate having a thickness of about 20 mils.
- LAO lanthanum aluminate
- a suitable material for the superconductor is yttrium-barium-copper oxide (YBCO) which is deposited as a layer with a thickness of 200 nm on the substrate.
- YBCO yttrium-barium-copper oxide
- the YBCO film can be deposited on the substrate at a temperature in the range of 700-800 °C using laser ablation or a sputtering deposition method.
- the LAO substrate and YBCO material are available from several commercial vendors, including Dupont.
- the YBCO material is superconducting at temperatures up to approximately 77 degrees K.
- LAO is a preferred substrate material when YBCO is used to form the superconductor layer structure because of high compatibility in lattice matching between these materials respective crystalline structures.
- suitable substrate materials include magnesium oxide (MgO) and strontium titanate (STO).
- An exemplary resonator, such as illustrated in Fig. 1, can be formed using a YBCO film on a clean LAO substrate, by a photo-lithographic patterning process according to the following procedure.
- a photoresist such as Microposit SI 813, manufactured by Shepley of Marlborough, Massachusetts, is applied to one side of the substrate which is then spun initially at 300 rpm for 5 sec and then at 4500 rpm for 50 seconds to establish a substantially uniform film.
- the substrate is then heated at about 120°C for 1 minute to dry the film.
- a positive photo mask of the resonator pattern is used to mask the photoresist coated YBCO film.
- the exposed photoresist coated YBCO film is then subjected to exposure with UV-light through the photomask at a power of 150 mJ/cm 2 .
- the exposed photoresist on the YBCO film are placed in a developer solution, such as Microposit MF321 , manufactured by manufactured by Shepley of Marlborough, Massachusetts, for 1 minute at room temperature.
- a developer solution such as Microposit MF321 , manufactured by manufactured by Shepley of Marlborough, Massachusetts, for 1 minute at room temperature.
- the resonator pattern can be realized by etching away the areas of the YBCO film under the exposed photoresist in dilute 1% phosphoric acid solution, available from Olin Microelectronic Material, Inc. of Norwalk, Connecticut, for 80 seconds for a 300 nm layer of YBCO.
- the substrate should then be cleaned to remove any remaining photo resist. This can be accomplished by placing the substrate in a solvent, such as acetone, for approximately 2 minutes.
- a protective layer of photoresist can be applied, dried, exposed and developed, as described above.
- the following steps can be employed for forming contact pads on either side of the substrate.
- the substrate side is cleaned to remove dirt and any photo- resist.
- photoresist is applied, spun, dried, and exposed, in a manner substantially the same as described above, except that a negative mask is used for the contact pads.
- a contact mask pad can be made of aluminum foil if done carefully.
- the substrate is then submerged in chlorobenzene for 50 seconds and is then developed, as described above.
- a metallic coating is formed on the contact areas which were cleared by developing the exposed photo resist by depositing 200 nanometers of Ag and then 100 nanometers of Au.
- a lift off process can then be employed to remove the unexposed superconductor, such as by using acetone.
- the resulting structure can be annealed in a pure oxygen, O 2 , environment at 520 - 550°C atmospheric pressure for 5 minutes.
- Gold wires can be bonded to the contact pads using a wire bonder.
- the wafer should be heated to 120°C.
- Fabrication of the moveable portion of the superconducting resonator can be provided according to the process described above and connected, or otherwise formed, on the moveable end of the actuator according to conventional methods.
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Abstract
L'invention concerne un résonateur et un filtre accordables supraconducteurs pouvant être mis en application dans une plage étendue de fréquences, y compris la plage de fréquences MHz. Dans un mode de réalisation, deux résonateurs supraconducteurs (102, 103) sont placés sur une première surface d'un substrat (101) et un circuit de commutation (104) est couplé à au moins un des résonateurs (102, 103), de sorte que le circuit de commutation (104) réagit à un signal possédant au moins un premier et un deuxième état, et, de ce fait, conduit un des premier et deuxième résonateurs (102, 103) jusqu'à un état non supraconducteur, ce qui provoque l'accord des résonateurs et du filtre.
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CA002379144A CA2379144A1 (fr) | 1999-07-23 | 2000-07-24 | Resonateur et filtre accordables constitues par un materiau supraconducteur a temperature elevee |
MXPA02000642A MXPA02000642A (es) | 1999-07-23 | 2000-07-24 | Resonador y filtro superconductores de alta temperatura sintonizables. |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US14534499P | 1999-07-23 | 1999-07-23 | |
US60/145,344 | 1999-07-23 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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WO2001008250A1 true WO2001008250A1 (fr) | 2001-02-01 |
WO2001008250A9 WO2001008250A9 (fr) | 2001-06-21 |
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Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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PCT/US2000/040457 WO2001008250A1 (fr) | 1999-07-23 | 2000-07-24 | Resonateur et filtre accordables constitues par un materiau supraconducteur a temperature elevee |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
CA (1) | CA2379144A1 (fr) |
MX (1) | MXPA02000642A (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2001008250A1 (fr) |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2003058749A1 (fr) * | 2001-12-31 | 2003-07-17 | Conductus, Inc. | Ensemble de reglage pour resonateur et procede |
US7610072B2 (en) | 2003-09-18 | 2009-10-27 | Superconductor Technologies, Inc. | Superconductive stripline filter utilizing one or more inter-resonator coupling members |
WO2023250353A1 (fr) * | 2022-06-22 | 2023-12-28 | 1372934 B.C. Ltd. | Filtres supraconducteurs accordables |
Families Citing this family (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US8441329B2 (en) | 2007-01-18 | 2013-05-14 | D-Wave Systems Inc. | Input/output system and devices for use with superconducting devices |
WO2008086626A1 (fr) | 2007-01-18 | 2008-07-24 | D-Wave Systems, Inc. | Systèmes, procédés et dispositif pour filtres électriques |
CN109478255B (zh) | 2016-05-03 | 2023-10-27 | D-波系统公司 | 用于超导电路和可扩展计算中使用的超导装置的系统和方法 |
US11105866B2 (en) | 2018-06-05 | 2021-08-31 | D-Wave Systems Inc. | Dynamical isolation of a cryogenic processor |
US11839164B2 (en) | 2019-08-19 | 2023-12-05 | D-Wave Systems Inc. | Systems and methods for addressing devices in a superconducting circuit |
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Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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JPH02101801A (ja) * | 1988-10-11 | 1990-04-13 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | バンドリジェクションフィルタ |
US5912472A (en) * | 1996-05-15 | 1999-06-15 | Robert Bosch GmbH | Switchable planar high frequency resonator and filter |
-
2000
- 2000-07-24 MX MXPA02000642A patent/MXPA02000642A/es unknown
- 2000-07-24 CA CA002379144A patent/CA2379144A1/fr not_active Abandoned
- 2000-07-24 WO PCT/US2000/040457 patent/WO2001008250A1/fr active Application Filing
Patent Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPH02101801A (ja) * | 1988-10-11 | 1990-04-13 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | バンドリジェクションフィルタ |
US5912472A (en) * | 1996-05-15 | 1999-06-15 | Robert Bosch GmbH | Switchable planar high frequency resonator and filter |
Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2003058749A1 (fr) * | 2001-12-31 | 2003-07-17 | Conductus, Inc. | Ensemble de reglage pour resonateur et procede |
GB2398675A (en) * | 2001-12-31 | 2004-08-25 | Conductus Inc | Resonator tuning assembly and method |
US6791430B2 (en) | 2001-12-31 | 2004-09-14 | Conductus, Inc. | Resonator tuning assembly and method |
US7610072B2 (en) | 2003-09-18 | 2009-10-27 | Superconductor Technologies, Inc. | Superconductive stripline filter utilizing one or more inter-resonator coupling members |
WO2023250353A1 (fr) * | 2022-06-22 | 2023-12-28 | 1372934 B.C. Ltd. | Filtres supraconducteurs accordables |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
WO2001008250A9 (fr) | 2001-06-21 |
CA2379144A1 (fr) | 2001-02-01 |
MXPA02000642A (es) | 2002-07-02 |
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